TW202115744A - 接合用的銅糊劑、接合體的製造方法和接合體 - Google Patents

接合用的銅糊劑、接合體的製造方法和接合體 Download PDF

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TW202115744A
TW202115744A TW109134244A TW109134244A TW202115744A TW 202115744 A TW202115744 A TW 202115744A TW 109134244 A TW109134244 A TW 109134244A TW 109134244 A TW109134244 A TW 109134244A TW 202115744 A TW202115744 A TW 202115744A
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Taiwan
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bonding
copper
copper paste
electrode
mass
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TW109134244A
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English (en)
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川名祐貴
江尻芳則
中子偉夫
名取美智子
根岸征央
石川大
須鎌千絵
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日商日立化成股份有限公司
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Publication of TW202115744A publication Critical patent/TW202115744A/zh

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    • B22F1/052Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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Abstract

接合用的銅糊劑含有銅粒子、熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸、以及分散介質。接合體的製造方法包括:第一步驟,準備將第一構件、接合用的銅糊劑、及第二構件依序積層而成的積層體;以及第二步驟,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱積層體而對接合用的銅糊劑進行燒結。接合體包括:第一構件、第二構件、及將第一構件與第二構件接合的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體。

Description

接合用的銅糊劑、接合體的製造方法和接合體
本發明是有關於一種接合用的銅糊劑、接合體的製造方法和接合體。
電子器件中的電性接合一般使用焊料接合。例如,於微器件(micro device)的倒裝晶片(flip chip)接合中,微器件與基板上的電極墊的接合使用焊料球或焊料糊劑等。
近年來,於倒裝晶片接合中,伴隨端子的窄間距化,使用在微器件上形成金屬柱(pillar)並將該金屬柱與基板上的電極墊加以焊料接合的方法。但是,焊料接合中存在:(1)於焊料與電極墊之間、及焊料與金屬柱之間產生克根達孔隙(Kirkendall void);(2)於接合後再次進行回流焊步驟的情況下,焊料熔融並發生接合不良;(3)發生由異種金屬界面中的阻抗失配引起的訊號的反射等問題。
相對於此,正在研究使用焊料以外的金屬進行接合的方法。例如於下述專利文獻1中提出有一種使用混合有銅微米粒子及銅奈米粒子的接合劑(銅糊劑)將設置於微器件上的銅柱與基板上的銅墊之間接合的方法。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]美國專利申請案公開第2016/0351529號說明書
[發明所欲解決之課題] 然而,於使用銅糊劑的接合中為了獲得充分的接合強度,需要將所接合的構件彼此於高加壓下熱壓接、或者於包含氫氣等的還原性氣體環境下對銅糊劑進行加熱。高加壓下的熱壓接由於對所接合的構件施加負荷,因此存在產生量產良率下降、及長期可靠性下降等不良現象的情況。另一方面,關於還原性氣體環境下的加熱,為了不需要對使用設備進行防爆應對等,理想的是減少氫濃度,進而理想的是變更為氮氣等惰性氣體環境。但是,於此種條件下不對所接合的構件施加負荷的情況下獲得充分的接合強度時,先前的銅糊劑並不充分,需要進一步的改善。
本發明鑑於所述情況而成,其目的在於提供一種即便於不包含氫或低氫濃度的氣體環境下加熱的情況下亦可獲得充分的接合強度的接合用的銅糊劑、以及使用其的接合體的製造方法和接合體。
[解決課題之手段] 本發明的一方面是有關於一種接合用的銅糊劑,其含有銅粒子、熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸、以及分散介質。
根據所述接合用的銅糊劑,即便於不包含氫或低氫濃度的氣體環境下加熱的情況下亦可獲得充分的接合強度。藉此,所述接合用的銅糊劑亦可適用於並非防爆應對的接合裝置。
獲得此種效果的理由並不明確,但考慮銅糊劑於加熱時銅粒子表面的保護材料有效地脫離作為因素之一。即,本發明者等人推斷:熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸於加熱銅糊劑時流動,可與銅粒子充分地接觸,帶來羧基與銅粒子表面的保護材料的強的相互作用,藉此即便於氮中或低氫濃度的氣體環境下,銅粒子的燒結亦充分進行。
以銅粒子的總量為基準,接合用的銅糊劑中的所述多羧酸的含量可為0.01質量%~1.5質量%。於該情況下,可實現接合用的銅糊劑的保存穩定性與接合強度的兼顧。
接合用的銅糊劑可包含下述通式(1)所表示的二羧酸作為所述多羧酸。 [化1]
Figure 02_image001
[式(1)中,R表示二價的碳數2~10的直鏈或分支的飽和或不飽和烴基]
接合用的銅糊劑可包含二甲基戊二酸作為所述多羧酸。
接合用的銅糊劑可包含熔點為100℃以下的多羧酸作為所述多羧酸。
接合用的銅糊劑可包含二氫萜品醇作為分散介質。於該情況下,可以高水準兼顧糊劑的印刷特性與接合強度。
接合用的銅糊劑可包含體積平均粒徑為0.12 μm~0.8 μm的次微米銅粒子、與最大直徑為2 μm~50 μm且縱橫比為3.0以上的片(flake)狀的微米銅粒子作為銅粒子。於該情況下,適合無加壓下的接合。
再者,本說明書中所謂無加壓,是指接合用的銅糊劑僅承受所接合的構件的重量、或者除了承受所述重量以外亦承受0.01 MPa以下的微壓力的狀態(換言之,接合時的壓力為0.01 MPa以下)。
以銅粒子的總質量為基準,接合用的銅糊劑中的所述次微米銅粒子的含量可為30質量%~90質量%,以銅粒子的總質量為基準,所述微米銅粒子的含量可為10質量%~70質量%。
接合用的銅糊劑可用於無加壓接合。
本發明的另一方面是有關於一種接合體的製造方法,其包括:第一步驟,準備將第一構件、所述接合用的銅糊劑、及第二構件依序積層而成的積層體;以及第二步驟,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱而對積層體的接合用的銅糊劑進行燒結。根據該製造方法,藉由使用所述接合用的銅糊劑,可獲得利用所述氣體環境下的加熱而具有充分的接合強度的接合體。另外,所述製造方法亦可於並非防爆應對的接合裝置中實施。
再者,本說明書中所謂氣體環境下的氫濃度,是指製造裝置內部的所有氣體中包含的氫的體積比例(%)。
所述氣體環境可為氮氣環境。即便於此種環境下對所述接合前驅體進行加熱的情況下,亦可獲得具有充分的接合強度的接合體。
於所述第二步驟中,可於承受第一構件的重量的狀態下、或者於承受第一構件的重量及0.01 MPa以下的微壓力的狀態下對接合用的銅糊劑進行加熱並加以燒結。於該情況下,可減少對藉由無加壓接合而接合的構件的損傷。
所述第一構件及第二構件中至少一者可為半導體元件。於該情況下,可獲得半導體裝置作為接合體。
於所述積層體中亦可為:所述第一構件具有第一電極,所述第二構件具有與第一電極相向的第二電極,所述接合用的銅糊劑設置於第一電極與第二電極之間。於該情況下,可獲得使第一電極與第二電極以充分的接合強度接合而成的接合體。
第一電極及第二電極中至少一者可為金屬柱。於該情況下,可獲得經柱接合的接合體。
第一構件及第二構件可為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,第一電極及第二電極可為貫穿電極。根據該方法,可獲得如下半導體裝置作為接合體,所述半導體裝置為設置有貫穿電極的多個半導體晶圓及/或半導體晶片的積層體,且層間進行了微凸塊接合。
本發明的又一方面是有關於一種接合體,其包括:第一構件、第二構件、及將第一構件與第二構件接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體。
所述第一構件及第二構件中至少一者可為半導體元件。即,接合體可為半導體裝置。
接合體亦可為:所述第一構件具有第一電極,所述第二構件具有與第一電極相向的第二電極,所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體將第一電極與第二電極接合。
第一電極及第二電極中至少一者可為金屬柱。
第一構件及第二構件可為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,第一電極及第二電極可為貫穿電極。
[發明的效果] 根據本發明,可提供一種即便於不包含氫或低氫濃度的氣體環境下加熱的情況下亦可獲得充分的接合強度的接合用的銅糊劑、以及使用其的接合體的製造方法和接合體。
以下,對本發明的實施形態進行詳細說明。其中本發明並不限定於以下的實施形態。
首先,對本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑的詳情進行說明。
<接合用的銅糊劑> 本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑至少含有銅粒子、熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸、以及分散介質。再者,本說明書中為了方便起見,多個銅粒子的集合亦稱為「銅粒子」。關於銅粒子以外的金屬粒子亦相同。
(銅粒子) 作為銅粒子,可列舉:次微米銅粒子、微米銅粒子、及該些以外的銅粒子。
[次微米銅粒子] 次微米銅粒子為具有0.01 μm以上且未滿1.00 μm的粒徑的銅粒子。次微米銅粒子較佳為於150℃以上且300℃以下的溫度範圍內具有燒結性。次微米銅粒子較佳為包含粒徑為0.01 μm~0.80 μm的銅粒子。次微米銅粒子可包含10質量%以上的粒徑為0.01 μm~0.80 μm的銅粒子,亦可包含20質量%以上,亦可包含30質量%以上,亦可包含100質量%。銅粒子的粒徑例如可根據掃描式電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscope,SEM)圖像算出。利用刮勺(spatula)將銅粒子的粉末載置於SEM用的碳帶上,製成SEM用樣品。利用SEM裝置以5000倍來觀察該SEM用樣品。利用圖像處理軟體對外接該SEM圖像的銅粒子的四邊形進行繪圖,將其一邊設為所述粒子的粒徑。
次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑較佳為0.01 μm~0.80 μm。若次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑為0.01 μm以上,則容易獲得次微米銅粒子的合成成本的抑制、良好的分散性、表面處理劑的使用量的抑制等效果。若次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑為0.80 μm以下,則容易獲得次微米銅粒子的燒結性優異的效果。就更進一步發揮所述效果的觀點而言,次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑亦可為0.02 μm以上、0.05 μm以上、0.10 μm以上、0.11 μm以上、0.12 μm以上、0.15 μm以上、0.2 μm以上或0.3 μm以上。另外,就更進一步發揮所述效果的觀點而言,次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑亦可為0.60 μm以下、0.50 μm以下、0.45 μm以下或0.40 μm以下。次微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑例如可為0.01 μm~0.60 μm、0.01 μm~0.50 μm、0.02 μm~0.80 μm、0.05 μm~0.80 μm、0.10 μm~0.80 μm、0.11 μm~0.80 μm、0.12 μm~0.80 μm、0.15 μm~0.80 μm、0.15 μm~0.60 μm、0.20 μm~0.50 μm、0.30 μm~0.45 μm、或0.30 μm~0.40 μm。
本說明書中所謂體積平均粒徑,是指50%體積平均粒徑。金屬粒子(例如銅粒子)的體積平均粒徑例如可藉由以下方法測定。首先,使用分散劑使作為原料的金屬粒子、或者自金屬糊劑中去除揮發成分而獲得的乾燥金屬粒子分散於分散介質中。繼而,利用光散射法粒度分佈測定裝置(例如,島津奈米粒徑分佈測定裝置(薩爾達-7500奈米(SALD-7500nano),島津製作所股份有限公司製造))對所獲得的分散體的體積平均粒徑進行測定。於使用光散射法粒度分佈測定裝置的情況下,作為分散介質,可使用己烷、甲苯、α-萜品醇、4-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-2-酮等。
次微米銅粒子的形狀並無特別限定。作為次微米銅粒子的形狀,例如可列舉:球狀、塊狀、針狀、柱狀、片狀、大致球狀及該些的凝聚體。就分散性及填充性的觀點而言,次微米銅粒子的形狀可為球狀、大致球狀或片狀,就燃燒性、分散性、與片狀的微米粒子(例如,片狀的微米銅粒子)的混合性等觀點而言,可為球狀或大致球狀。本說明書中,所謂「片狀」包含板狀、鱗片狀等平板狀的形狀。
就分散性、填充性、及與片狀的微米粒子(例如,片狀的微米銅粒子)的混合性的觀點而言,次微米銅粒子的縱橫比可為5.0以下,亦可為3.0以下,亦可為2.5以下,亦可為2.0以下。本說明書中,所謂「縱橫比」表示「粒子的長邊/粒子的厚度」。粒子的長邊及粒子的厚度例如可根據粒子的SEM圖像而求出。
就次微米銅粒子的分散性的觀點而言,次微米銅粒子亦可經表面處理劑處理。表面處理劑例如可藉由氫鍵等吸附於次微米銅粒子的表面,亦可與次微米銅粒子反應並鍵結於次微米銅粒子的表面。即,次微米銅粒子亦可具有源於特定的表面處理劑的化合物。表面處理劑包含於接合用的銅糊劑中包含的有機化合物中。
作為表面處理劑,例如可列舉碳數2~18的有機酸。作為碳數2~18的有機酸,例如可列舉:乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、甲基庚酸、乙基己酸、丙基戊酸、壬酸(pelargonic acid)、甲基辛酸、乙基庚酸、丙基己酸、癸酸、甲基壬酸、乙基辛酸、丙基庚酸、丁基己酸、十一酸、甲基癸酸、乙基壬酸、丙基辛酸、丁基庚酸、月桂酸、甲基十一酸、乙基癸酸、丙基壬酸、丁基辛酸、戊基庚酸、十三酸、甲基十二酸、乙基十一酸、丙基癸酸、丁基壬酸、戊基辛酸、肉豆蔻酸、甲基十三酸、乙基十二酸、丙基十一酸、丁基癸酸、戊基壬酸、己基辛酸、十五酸、甲基十四酸、乙基十三酸、丙基十二酸、丁基十一酸、戊基癸酸、己基壬酸、棕櫚酸、甲基十五酸、乙基十四酸、丙基十三酸、丁基十二酸、戊基十一酸、己基癸酸、庚基壬酸、十七酸、十八酸、甲基環己烷羧酸、乙基環己烷羧酸、丙基環己烷羧酸、丁基環己烷羧酸、戊基環己烷羧酸、己基環己烷羧酸、庚基環己烷羧酸、辛基環己烷羧酸、壬基環己烷羧酸等飽和脂肪酸;辛烯酸、壬烯酸、甲基壬烯酸、癸烯酸、十一碳烯酸、十二碳烯酸、十三碳烯酸、十四碳烯酸、肉豆蔻油酸(myristoleic acid)、十五碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸(hexadecenoic acid)、棕櫚油酸(palmitoleic acid)、十六碳-6-烯酸(sapienic acid)、油酸、異油酸(vaccenic acid)、亞麻油酸(linoleic acid)、亞麻酸(linoleinic acid)、次亞麻油酸(linolenic acid)等不飽和脂肪酸;對苯二甲酸、均苯四甲酸、鄰苯氧基苯甲酸、甲基苯甲酸、乙基苯甲酸、丙基苯甲酸、丁基苯甲酸、戊基苯甲酸、己基苯甲酸、庚基苯甲酸、辛基苯甲酸、壬基苯甲酸等芳香族羧酸。有機酸可單獨使用一種,亦可將兩種以上組合而使用。藉由將此種有機酸與所述次微米銅粒子組合,有可兼顧次微米銅粒子的分散性與燒結時的有機酸的脫離性的傾向。
就次微米銅粒子的分散性的觀點而言,以表面處理後的次微米銅粒子的總質量為基準,表面處理劑的處理量可為0.07質量%~2.10質量%、0.10質量%~1.60質量%或0.20質量%~1.10質量%。以表面處理後的次微米銅粒子的總質量為基準,表面處理劑的處理量可為0.07質量%以上、0.10質量%以上或0.20質量%以上。以表面處理後的次微米銅粒子的總質量為基準,表面處理劑的處理量可為2.10質量%以下、1.60質量%以下或1.10質量%以下。
表面處理劑的處理量亦可為在次微米銅粒子的表面附著一分子層~三分子層的量。該處理量是藉由以下方法而測定。向於大氣中以700℃處理了2小時的氧化鋁製坩堝(例如,亞速旺(ASONE)製造,型號:1-7745-07)中秤量W1(g)的經表面處理的次微米銅粒子,於大氣中以700℃煆燒1小時。之後,於氫中以300℃處理1小時,測量坩堝內的銅粒子的質量W2(g)。繼而,基於下述式來算出表面處理劑的處理量。 表面處理劑的處理量(質量%)=(W1-W2)/W1×100
作為次微米銅粒子,可使用市售者。作為市售的包含次微米銅粒子的材料,例如可列舉:CH-0200(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑0.36 μm)、HT-14(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑0.41 μm)、CT-500(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑0.72 μm)、Tn-Cu100(太陽日酸股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑0.12 μm)及Cu-C-40(福田金屬箔粉工業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑0.2 μm)。
以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,次微米銅粒子的含量可為30質量%以上、35質量%以上、40質量%以上或50質量%以上,且可為90質量%以下或85質量%以下。另外,以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,次微米銅粒子的含量可為30質量%~90質量%、35質量%~90質量%、40質量%~85質量%或50質量%~85質量%。若次微米銅粒子的含量為所述範圍內,則容易確保使接合用的銅糊劑燒結而製造的接合體的接合強度。於將接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,有微器件顯示出良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。
[微米銅粒子] 微米銅粒子為具有1 μm以上且未滿50 μm的粒徑的銅粒子。微米銅粒子較佳為包含粒徑為2.0 μm~50 μm的銅粒子。微米銅粒子可包含50質量%以上的粒徑為2.0 μm~50 μm的銅粒子,亦可包含70質量%以上,亦可包含80質量%以上,亦可包含100質量%。
微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑較佳為2.0 μm~50 μm。若微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑為所述範圍內,則可減少將接合用的銅糊劑燒結時的體積收縮、孔隙的產生等,容易確保使接合用的銅糊劑燒結而製造的接合體的接合強度。於將接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,有微器件顯示出良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。就更進一步發揮所述效果的觀點而言,微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑亦可為2.0 μm~20 μm、2.0 μm~10 μm、3.0 μm~20 μm或3.0 μm~10 μm。微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑可為2.0 μm以上或3.0 μm以上。微米銅粒子的體積平均粒徑可為50 μm以下、20 μm以下或10 μm以下。
微米銅粒子的形狀並無特別限定。作為微米銅粒子的形狀,例如可列舉:球狀、塊狀、針狀、片狀、大致球狀、及該些的凝聚體。該些中,較佳的微米銅粒子的形狀為片狀。微米銅粒子可包含50質量%以上的片狀的微米銅粒子,亦可包含70質量%以上,亦可包含80質量%以上,亦可包含100質量%。
藉由使用片狀的微米銅粒子,接合用的銅糊劑內的微米銅粒子相對於接合面而大致平行地配向,可抑制使接合用的銅糊劑燒結時的接合面方向上的體積收縮,容易確保使接合用的銅糊劑燒結而製造的接合體的接合強度。於將接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,有微器件顯示出良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。就更進一步發揮所述效果的觀點而言,片狀的微米銅粒子的縱橫比較佳為3.0以上,更佳為4.0以上,進而佳為6.0以上。
片狀的微米銅粒子的最大直徑及平均最大直徑可為2.0 μm~50 μm、3.0 μm~50 μm或3.0 μm~20 μm。片狀的微米銅粒子的最大直徑及平均最大直徑例如可根據粒子的SEM圖像而求出。片狀的微米銅粒子的最大直徑及平均最大直徑例如可作為片狀的微米銅粒子的長徑X及長徑的平均值Xav而求出。於片狀的微米銅粒子的三維形狀中,長徑X是在外接片狀的微米銅粒子的平行兩平面中,以該平行兩平面間的距離成為最大的方式選擇的平行兩平面的距離。
對於微米銅粒子而言,表面處理劑的處理的有無並無特別限定。就分散穩定性及耐氧化性的觀點而言,微米銅粒子亦可經表面處理劑處理。即,微米銅粒子亦可具有源於表面處理劑的化合物。表面處理劑可藉由氫鍵等吸附於微米銅粒子的表面,亦可與微米銅粒子反應並鍵結於微米銅粒子的表面。
表面處理劑亦可藉由接合時的加熱而被去除。作為此種表面處理劑,例如可列舉:十二酸、棕櫚酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸(arachidic acid)、亞麻油酸、亞麻酸、油酸等脂肪族羧酸;對苯二甲酸、均苯四甲酸、鄰苯氧基苯甲酸等芳香族羧酸;鯨蠟醇、硬脂醇、異冰片基環己醇、四乙二醇等脂肪族醇;對苯基苯酚等芳香族醇;辛胺、十二基胺、硬脂胺等烷基胺;硬脂腈、癸腈等脂肪族腈;烷基烷氧基矽烷等矽烷偶合劑;聚乙二醇、聚乙烯基醇、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、矽酮寡聚物等高分子處理劑等。表面處理劑可單獨使用一種,亦可將兩種以上組合而使用。
作為微米銅粒子,可使用市售者。作為市售的包含微米銅粒子的材料,例如可列舉:1050YF(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑1.7 μm)、MA-C025KFD(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑7.5 μm)、3L3(福田金屬箔粉工業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑8.0 μm)、2L3N(福田金屬箔粉工業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑7.2 μm)及1110F(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,體積平均粒徑3.8 μm)。
以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,微米銅粒子的含量可為10質量%以上、15質量%以上或20質量%以上,且可為70質量%以下、50質量%以下、45質量%以下或40質量%以下。另外,以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,微米銅粒子的含量可為10質量%~70質量%、10質量%~65質量%、10質量%~50質量%、15質量%~60質量%、15質量%~50質量%、或15質量%~45質量%。若微米銅粒子的含量為所述範圍內,則可抑制接合部(例如燒結體)的剝離、孔隙及裂紋的產生並確保接合強度。於將接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,有微器件顯示出良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。片狀的微米銅粒子的含量可與所述微米銅粒子的含量的範圍相同。於片狀的微米銅粒子的含量處於此種範圍內的情況下,存在更進一步發揮所述效果的傾向。
[其他銅粒子] 作為次微米銅粒子及微米銅粒子以外的銅粒子,可列舉銅奈米粒子。所謂銅奈米粒子,是指具有未滿0.01 μm的粒徑的銅粒子。銅奈米粒子一般而言表面經羧酸或胺包覆(稱為表面包覆材)。與銅微米粒子相比,銅奈米粒子的比表面積大,有表面包覆材於每單位質量中所佔的比例增加的傾向。因此燒結時(加熱時)脫離的表面包覆材變多,因此有與銅微米粒子相比而燒結時的體積收縮增多的傾向。就減少體積收縮的觀點而言,以銅粒子的總質量為基準,銅奈米粒子的含量較佳為30質量%以下,更佳為15質量%以下,進而佳為不包含。
本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑更佳為包含次微米銅粒子及微米銅粒子。於併用次微米銅粒子與微米銅粒子的情況下,容易抑制伴隨乾燥的體積收縮及燒結收縮,且於燒結時接合用的銅糊劑不易自接合面剝離。即,藉由併用次微米銅粒子與微米銅粒子,使接合用的銅糊劑燒結時的體積收縮得到抑制,接合體可具有更充分的接合強度。於將併用次微米銅粒子與微米銅粒子的接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,存在微器件顯示出更良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。另外,此種微器件的接合部可成為導熱率及導電率得到提高者。
以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,次微米銅粒子的含量及微米銅粒子的含量的合計可為80質量%~100質量%。若次微米銅粒子的含量及微米銅粒子的含量的合計為所述範圍內,則可充分減少將接合用的銅糊劑燒結時的體積收縮,容易確保使接合用的銅糊劑燒結而製造的接合體的接合強度。於將接合用的銅糊劑用於微器件的接合的情況下,有微器件顯示出良好的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性的傾向。就進一步發揮所述效果的觀點而言,以金屬粒子的總質量為基準,次微米銅粒子的含量及微米銅粒子的含量的合計可為90質量%以上,亦可為95質量%以上,亦可為100質量%。
本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑可包含體積平均粒徑為0.12 μm~0.8 μm的次微米銅粒子、與最大直徑為2 μm~50 μm且縱橫比為3.0以上的片狀的微米銅粒子。於該情況下,適合無加壓下的接合。以銅粒子的總質量為基準,該情況下的接合用的銅糊劑中的所述次微米銅粒子的含量可為30質量%~90質量%,以銅粒子的總質量為基準,所述微米銅粒子的含量可為10質量%~70質量%。
[其他金屬粒子] 本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑可包含銅粒子以外的金屬粒子(亦稱為「其他金屬粒子」)。
作為其他金屬粒子,例如可列舉:鎳、銀、金、鈀、鉑等的粒子。其他金屬粒子的體積平均粒徑可為0.01 μm~10 μm、0.01 μm~5 μm或0.05 μm~3 μm。其他金屬粒子的形狀並無特別限定。就獲得充分的接合性的觀點而言,以接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量為基準,其他金屬粒子的含量可未滿20質量%,亦可為10質量%以下,亦可為0質量%。
(熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸) 作為熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸(以下,亦有時稱為「低熔點多羧酸」),可使用下述通式(1)所表示的二羧酸。 [化2]
Figure 02_image003
[式(1)中,R表示二價的碳數2~10的直鏈或分支的飽和或不飽和烴基]
作為所述二羧酸,可列舉:二甲基戊二酸(熔點83℃)、異丙基丙二酸(熔點90℃)、烯丙基丙二酸(熔點103℃)、乙基丙二酸(112℃)。所述R較佳為碳數4~5的直鏈或分支的伸烷基。
就提高接合溫度為200℃以下的低溫下的接合強度的觀點而言,接合用的銅糊劑可包含熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸作為低熔點多羧酸,亦可包含115℃以下的多羧酸,抑或可包含100℃以下的多羧酸。就保存穩定性的觀點而言,低熔點多羧酸的熔點可為30℃以上,亦可為50℃以上。
就實現接合用的銅糊劑的保存穩定性與接合強度的兼顧的觀點而言,以銅粒子的總量為基準,接合用的銅糊劑中的低熔點多羧酸的含量可為0.01質量%~1.5質量%,亦可為0.05質量%~1.5質量%,亦可為0.1質量%~1.5質量%,亦可為0.1質量%~1質量%,亦可為0.1質量%~0.5質量%。
(分散介質) 分散介質只要具有使金屬粒子分散的功能,則並無特別限定,可為揮發性的分散介質。作為揮發性的分散介質,例如可列舉:一元醇、多元醇等醇類、醚類、酯類、酸醯胺、脂肪族烴、芳香族烴等。具體而言可列舉:環己醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、α-萜品醇(α-terpineol)、二氫萜品醇(dihydroterpineol)等醇類;二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇異丙基甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、丙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇二乙醚、丙二醇二丁醚、丙二醇二丙醚、三丙二醇二甲醚等醚類;乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate,DPMA)、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、γ-丁內酯、碳酸伸丙酯等酯類;N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺等酸醯胺;環己烷、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷、十一烷等脂肪族烴;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴等。
以接合用的銅糊劑的總質量為基準,分散介質的含量可為2質量%以上或5質量%以上,亦可為50質量%以下、30質量%以下或20質量%以下。例如以接合用的銅糊劑的總質量為基準,分散介質的含量可為2質量%~50質量%,亦可為5質量%~30質量%,抑或可為5質量%~20質量%。另外將接合用的銅糊劑中包含的金屬粒子的總質量設為100質量份,分散介質的含量可為5質量份~50質量份,可為5質量份~40質量份,可為7質量份~35質量份。若分散介質的含量為所述範圍內,則可將接合用的銅糊劑調整為更適當的黏度,而且不易阻礙銅粒子的燒結。
就以高水準兼顧糊劑的印刷特性與接合強度的觀點而言,本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑較佳為包含二氫萜品醇。以分散介質的總質量為基準,二氫萜品醇的含量可為30質量%以上,亦可為60質量%以上,抑或可為100質量%。
接合用的銅糊劑較佳為包含具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質。藉由包含具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質,於即將開始燒結之前對接合用的銅糊劑賦予塑性與密接性,從而容易進行無加壓下的接合。就於接合用的銅糊劑的燒結時,不妨礙燒結及緻密化,達到接合溫度時快速地蒸發去除的觀點而言,具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質的沸點可為300℃~450℃,亦可為305℃~400℃,抑或可為310℃~380℃。
作為具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質,可列舉:異冰片基環己醇(MTPH,日本萜烯(Nippon Terpene)化學股份有限公司製造)、硬脂酸丁酯、艾克塞普路(EXEPARL)BS(花王股份有限公司製造)、硬脂酸硬脂酯、艾克塞普路(EXEPARL)SS(花王股份有限公司製造)、硬脂酸2-乙基己酯、艾克塞普路(EXEPARL)EH-S(花王股份有限公司製造)、硬脂酸異十三基酯、艾克塞普路(EXEPARL)TD-S(花王股份有限公司製造)、十七烷、十八烷、十九烷、二十烷、二十一烷(heneicosane)、二十二烷(docosane)、甲基十七烷、十三基環己烷、十四基環己烷、十五基環己烷、十六基環己烷、十一基苯、十二基苯、十四基苯、十三基苯、十五基苯、十六基苯、十七基苯、壬基萘、二苯基丙烷、辛酸辛酯、肉豆蔻酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯、亞麻油酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、三乙二醇雙(2-乙基己酸)酯、檸檬酸三丁酯、癸二酸二丁酯、甲氧基苯乙醇、苄基苯酚(C13 H12 O)、十六腈、十七腈、苯甲酸苄酯、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、己二酸雙(2-乙基己基)酯等。就更容易進行無加壓下的接合的觀點而言,具有300℃以上的沸點的溶劑成分較佳為包含選自由異冰片基環己醇、甘油三丁酸酯、硬脂酸丁酯及辛酸辛酯所組成的群組中的至少一種。
以接合用的銅糊劑的總質量為基準,具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質的含量可為2質量%以上、2.2質量%以上或2.4質量%以上,亦可為50質量%以下、45質量%以下、40質量%以下、20質量%以下、10質量%以下或5質量%以下。例如以接合用的銅糊劑的總質量為基準,具有300℃以上的沸點的分散介質的含量可為2質量%~50質量%。
(其他成分) 接合用的銅糊劑可含有非離子系界面活性劑、氟系界面活性劑等濕潤提高劑;表面張力調整劑;烷基胺、烷基羧酸等分散劑;矽酮油等消泡劑;無機離子交換體等離子捕捉劑等作為添加劑。添加劑的含量可於不阻礙本發明的效果的範圍內適宜調整。另外,以銅粒子總量為基準,接合用的銅糊劑中非金屬無機粒子(例如,玻璃粒子等)的含量的合計可為1質量%以下,亦可為0.1質量%以下。進而接合用的銅糊劑可不包含非金屬無機粒子。
所述接合用的銅糊劑的黏度並無特別限定,於利用印刷等方法進行塗佈的情況下,可調整為適於塗佈方法的黏度。接合用的銅糊劑於25℃下的卡森(Casson)黏度可為0.05 Pa·s以上或0.06 Pa·s以上,且可為2.0 Pa·s以下或1.0 Pa·s以下。例如,接合用的銅糊劑於25℃下的卡森黏度可為0.05 Pa·s~2.0 Pa·s,亦可為0.06 Pa·s~1.0 Pa·s。
根據本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑,即便於不包含氫或低氫濃度的氣體環境下加熱的情況下亦可獲得充分的接合強度。因此,本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑亦可適用於並非防爆應對的接合裝置。另外,本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑亦可用於無加壓接合。
<接合用的銅糊劑的製備> 接合用的銅糊劑可將所述銅粒子、低熔點多羧酸、分散介質、以及視情況含有的其他金屬粒子及添加劑混合而製備。於混合各成分後,亦可進行攪拌處理。接合用的銅糊劑可藉由分級操作來調整分散液的最大粒徑。此時,分散液的最大粒徑可設為20 μm以下,亦可設為10 μm以下。所述次微米銅粒子等金屬粒子亦可使用經表面處理劑處理而成者。
於使用次微米銅粒子及微米銅粒子作為銅粒子的情況下,接合用的銅糊劑例如可藉由以下方法來製備。首先,向分散介質及低熔點多羧酸視需要加入分散劑之後,將次微米銅粒子混合,並進行分散處理。繼而,加入微米銅粒子及視需要的其他金屬粒子,並進行分散處理。對於次微米銅粒子與微米銅粒子而言,存在適於分散的分散方法及分散條件不同的情況。一般而言,次微米銅粒子較微米銅粒子難分散,為了使次微米銅粒子分散,需要較使微米銅粒子分散時所施加的強度高的強度。另一方面,微米銅粒子不僅容易分散,而且若為了使其分散而施加高強度,則存在發生變形的情況。因此,藉由設為如上所述的順序,容易獲得良好的分散性,可進一步提高接合用的銅糊劑的性能。
分散處理可使用分散機或攪拌機來進行。作為分散機及攪拌機,例如可列舉:石川式攪拌機、希爾文森攪拌機(Silverson mixer)、空穴攪拌機(cavitation mixer)、自轉公轉型攪拌裝置、超薄膜高速旋轉式分散機、超音波分散機、擂潰機、雙軸混練機、珠磨機(bead mill)、球磨機(ball mill)、三輥研磨機(three-rod roll mill)、均質攪拌機(homomixer)、行星式混合機(planetary mixer)、超高壓型分散機及薄層剪切分散機。
分級操作例如可藉由過濾、自然沈降及離心分離來進行。作為過濾用的過濾器(filter),例如可列舉:水梳、金屬篩網(metal mesh)、金屬過濾器(metal filter)及尼龍篩網(nylon mesh)。
攪拌處理可使用攪拌機進行。作為攪拌機,例如可列舉:石川式攪拌機、自轉公轉型攪拌裝置、擂潰機、雙軸混練機、三輥研磨機及行星式混合機。
<接合體的製造方法> 本實施形態的接合體的製造方法包括:第一步驟,準備將第一構件、所述接合用的銅糊劑、及第二構件依序積層而成的積層體;以及第二步驟,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱而對積層體的接合用的銅糊劑進行燒結。
以下,參照圖式對本實施形態的接合體的製造方法進行說明。
一實施形態的接合體的製造方法準備如下積層體作為所述積層體,所述積層體包括:第一構件,具有第一電極;第二構件,具有第二電極,且以第一電極與第二電極彼此相向的方式配置;以及所述接合用的銅糊劑,設置於第一電極與第二電極之間。
圖1的(a)、(b)是表示一實施形態的接合體的製造方法的示意剖面圖。圖2的(a)~(c)及圖3的(a)~(c)是表示第一步驟的一例的示意剖面圖。此處示出第一電極為金屬柱、第二電極為電極墊的情況。
(第一步驟) 於第一步驟中,準備包括第一構件10、第二構件20、及接合用的銅糊劑(接合部)30的積層體50(參照圖1的(a))。
第一構件10包括:金屬柱11;以及於一個面上設置有該金屬柱11的基板(第一基板)12。第一構件10例如為邏輯、類比IC、及功率IC等微器件。
金屬柱11例如於第一基板12的一個面上設置有多個,當將第一構件10與第二構件20相向配置時,將多個金屬柱11的各個以與第二構件20中的電極墊21相向的方式配置於第一基板12上。
金屬柱11的材質並無特別限定。於金屬柱11的接合面(配置有接合用的銅糊劑30的面,與第一基板12為相反側的表面)上形成有氧化被膜的情況下,就第二步驟中容易將該氧化被膜去除的觀點而言,金屬柱11較佳為至少接合面包括選自由金、鉑、銀、鈀、銅、鎳及鋅所組成的群組中的至少一種金屬。另外,就抑制接合後的克根達孔隙的觀點以及抑制阻抗失配的觀點而言,金屬柱11較佳為至少接合面包括包含銅的材料,更佳為包括包含一定比例以上(例如90質量%以上)的銅的材料。
金屬柱11的形狀並無特別限定。金屬柱11的與延伸方向垂直的剖面的形狀例如可為圓形形狀、橢圓形形狀、矩形形狀等。金屬柱11的高度例如可為10 μm以上,且可為100 μm以下。金屬柱11的柱直徑(於所述剖面為圓形形狀以外的情況下為最大直徑)例如可為10 μm以上,且可為300 μm以下。
第二構件20包括:電極墊21;以及於一個面上設置有該電極墊21的基板(第二基板)22。第二構件20例如為安裝基板、引線框(lead frame)、高散熱安裝基板、矽中介層(silicon interposer)、環氧配線板等基板。
電極墊21的形狀及材質並無特別限定。於電極墊21的接合面(配置有接合用的銅糊劑30的面,與第二基板22為相反側的表面)上形成有氧化被膜的情況下,就第二步驟中容易將該氧化被膜去除的觀點而言,電極墊21較佳為至少接合面包括選自由金、鉑、銀、鈀、銅、鎳及鋅所組成的群組中的至少一種金屬。另外,就抑制接合後的克根達孔隙的觀點以及抑制阻抗失配的觀點而言,電極墊21較佳為至少接合面包括包含銅的材料,更佳為包括包含一定比例以上(例如90質量%以上)的銅的材料。構成金屬柱11及電極墊21的材料(金屬)可相同亦可不同。
接合用的銅糊劑30於金屬柱11與電極墊21之間形成有接合部。圖1的(a)、(b)中,接合用的銅糊劑30僅存在於金屬柱11與電極墊21之間,但接合用的銅糊劑30的配置部位並不限定於此。即,接合用的銅糊劑30只要至少存在於金屬柱11與電極墊21之間即可,亦可存在於金屬柱11與電極墊21之間以外的區域。
積層體50中的接合用的銅糊劑的厚度(自金屬柱11的接合面至電極墊21的接合面的距離)可為1 μm~1000 μm、5 μm~500 μm、10 μm~500 μm、15 μm~500 μm、20 μm~300 μm、50 μm~200 μm、10 μm~3000 μm、10 μm~250 μm或15 μm~150 μm。接合用的銅糊劑的厚度可為1 μm以上、5 μm以上、10 μm以上、15 μm以上、20 μm以上或50 μm以上。接合用的銅糊劑的厚度可為3000 μm以下、1000 μm以下、500 μm以下、300 μm以下、250 μm以下、200 μm以下或150 μm以下。
積層體50例如可藉由如下方式獲得:於第一構件10中的金屬柱11及第二構件20中的電極墊21中的至少一者的接合面上配置接合用的銅糊劑30之後,經由接合用的銅糊劑30將第一構件10的金屬柱11與第二構件20的電極墊21連接。例如,如圖2的(a)~(c)所示,可於第二構件20中的電極墊21的接合面上配置接合用的銅糊劑30之後(參照圖2的(a)),經由接合用的銅糊劑30以金屬柱11與電極墊21彼此相向的方式將第一構件10配置於第二構件20上(參照圖2的(b)),經由接合用的銅糊劑30將金屬柱11與電極墊21連接,藉此獲得積層體50(參照圖2的(c))。如圖3的(a)~(c)所示,亦可於第一構件10中的金屬柱11的接合面上配置接合用的銅糊劑30之後(參照圖3的(a)),經由接合用的銅糊劑30以金屬柱11與電極墊21彼此相向的方式將第二構件20配置於第一構件10上(參照圖3的(b)),將金屬柱11與電極墊21連接,藉此獲得積層體50(參照圖3的(c))。接合用的銅糊劑30只要配置於金屬柱11及電極墊21的接合面的至少一部分上即可,亦可配置於整個接合面。
將接合用的銅糊劑30配置於金屬柱11及電極墊21的接合面上的方法只要為可使接合用的銅糊劑附著於金屬柱11的接合面(端面)及電極墊21的接合面上的方法即可,可採用公知的方法。
作為使接合用的銅糊劑附著於金屬柱11的接合面上的方法的具體例,可列舉:將金屬柱11的接合面浸漬於利用刮板(squeegee)等薄且均勻地延展的接合用的銅糊劑中的方法;藉由薄且均勻地塗佈有接合用的銅糊劑的輥朝金屬柱11的接合面轉印接合用的銅糊劑的方法;藉由針形分配器(needle dispenser)將接合用的銅糊劑印刷於金屬柱11的接合面上的方法等。
作為使接合用的銅糊劑附著於電極墊21的接合面上的方法的具體例,可列舉:基於網版印刷、轉印印刷、膠版印刷、凸版印刷、凹版印刷、凹版印刷(gravure printing)、模版印刷(stencil printing)、噴射印刷等印刷的方法、利用分配器(例如,噴射分配器、針形分配器)、缺角輪塗佈機、狹縫塗佈機、模塗機、凹版塗佈機(gravure coater)、狹縫塗佈機、棒塗機、敷料器(applicator)、噴霧塗佈機、旋轉塗佈機、浸漬塗佈機等的方法、基於軟微影(soft lithography)的方法、粒子堆積法、基於電著塗裝的方法等。
作為將第一構件(例如微器件)與第二構件(例如基板)積層的方法,例如可列舉使用晶片安裝器(chip mounter)、倒裝晶片接合器(flip chip bonder)、碳製或陶瓷製的定位夾具等的方法。
就抑制燒結時的流動及孔隙的產生的觀點而言,亦可對配置於第一構件與第二構件之間(金屬柱11與電極墊21之間)的接合用的銅糊劑30進行乾燥。即,本實施形態的製造方法亦可於第一步驟後、第二步驟之前進而包括對接合用的銅糊劑30進行乾燥的乾燥步驟。
乾燥可於大氣中進行,亦可於氮氣、稀有氣體等無氧環境中進行,抑或可於氫、甲酸等還原環境中進行。乾燥方法可為藉由在常溫(例如25℃)下放置而進行的乾燥,亦可為加熱乾燥,抑或可為減壓乾燥。加熱乾燥或減壓乾燥中例如可使用:加熱板、溫風乾燥機、溫風加熱爐、氮氣乾燥機、紅外線乾燥機、紅外線加熱爐、遠紅外線加熱爐、微波加熱裝置、雷射加熱裝置、電磁加熱裝置、加熱器加熱裝置、蒸汽加熱爐、熱板壓合裝置等。乾燥條件(乾燥的溫度及時間)可根據接合用的銅糊劑中使用的揮發成分(例如分散介質等金屬粒子以外的成分)的種類及量來適宜設定。作為乾燥條件(乾燥的溫度及時間),例如可為在50℃以上且未滿150℃下乾燥1分鐘~120分鐘的條件。
(第二步驟) 第二步驟中,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下對積層體50進行加熱,於規定的燒結溫度下使接合用的銅糊劑30燒結而製成燒結體31。藉此獲得包括第一構件10、第二構件20、以及設置於金屬柱11及電極墊21之間的燒結體(接合部)31的接合體100(參照圖1的(b))。於接合體100中,金屬柱11與電極墊21藉由燒結體31而電性連接。
加熱處理中例如可使用:加熱板、溫風乾燥機、溫風加熱爐、氮氣乾燥機、紅外線乾燥機、紅外線加熱爐、遠紅外線加熱爐、微波加熱裝置、雷射加熱裝置、電磁加熱裝置、加熱器加熱裝置、蒸汽加熱爐等。
就充分進行燒結的觀點、減少對第一構件(例如微器件)及第二構件(例如基板)的熱損傷的觀點、以及提高良率的觀點而言,燒結溫度(加熱處理時的最高到達溫度)可為150℃~300℃、170℃~250℃或200℃~250℃。燒結溫度可為150℃以上、170℃以上或200℃以上。燒結溫度可為300℃以下或250℃以下。若燒結溫度為300℃以下,則存在如下傾向:可以對第一構件及第二構件的少的熱損傷充分進行燒結,並獲得充分的接合強度。若燒結溫度為150℃以上,則有如下傾向:即便燒結時間為60分鐘以下,燒結亦充分進行。即便燒結溫度未滿150℃,藉由將燒結時間設為超過60分鐘,亦能夠充分進行燒結。以提高溫度循環試驗、功率循環試驗等可靠性試驗中的可靠性為目的,亦可於300℃以上的條件下進行加熱處理。
就可充分去除揮發性成分(例如分散介質等金屬粒子以外的成分)、並充分進行燒結的觀點而言,燒結時間(最高到達溫度下的保持時間)可為1分鐘以上、1.5分鐘以上或2分鐘以上。就提高良率的觀點而言,燒結時間可為60分鐘以下、未滿40分鐘或未滿30分鐘。就該些觀點而言,燒結時間可為1分鐘~60分鐘、1分鐘以上且未滿40分鐘、或者1分鐘以上且未滿30分鐘。特別是於燒結溫度為150℃~300℃的情況下,燒結時間較佳為所述範圍。
第二步驟中的對積層體50進行加熱的環境可設為氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境,考慮到氫氣的爆炸性,可為氫濃度為10%以下的氣體環境,亦可為氫濃度為4.5%以下的氣體環境,抑或可為不包含氫的氣體環境。
作為氣體環境,可列舉:包含氫與稀有氣體及/或氮的混合氣體環境、包含甲酸氣體的氣體環境、包含甲酸氣體與稀有氣體及/或氮的混合氣體環境、包含稀有氣體及/或氮的氣體環境。作為不包含氫的氣體環境,就惰性氣體的觀點而言,較佳為氮氣環境、氬氣環境、或氮氣與氬氣的混合氣體環境。
第二步驟可於加壓下實施,亦可於無加壓下(使接合用的銅糊劑僅承受所接合的構件的重量、或者除了承受所述重量以外亦承受0.01 MPa以下的微壓力的狀態,換言之壓力為0.01 MPa以下)實施。作為使接合用的銅糊劑承受0.01 MPa以下的壓力的方法,例如可列舉於配置於鉛垂方向上側的構件(例如第一構件)上載置砝碼的方法、藉由彈簧夾具進行加壓的方法等。
如上所述,本實施形態的接合體的製造方法中藉由使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑,即便於不包含氫或低氫濃度的氣體環境下加熱的情況下亦可獲得充分的接合強度。進而,即便於無加壓下亦可獲得充分的接合強度。本實施形態的接合體的製造方法亦可於並非防爆應對的接合裝置中實施,進而由於在無加壓下亦可獲得充分的接合強度,故可獲得步驟的簡化、接合裝置的簡易化、製造良率的提高等效果。
就將第一構件及第二構件充分接合的觀點而言,接合體100的剪切強度可為5 MPa以上,亦可為7 MPa以上,亦可為10 MPa以上,亦可為15 MPa以上。晶粒剪切強度可使用通用接合試驗機(universal bond tester)(勞斯(Royce)650,勞斯儀器(Royce Instruments)公司製造)或萬能型接合試驗機(4000系列,達格(DAGE)公司製造)等來測定。
本實施形態的接合體的製造方法可適用於微器件的倒裝晶片接合。
本實施形態的接合體的製造方法並不限定於所述一實施形態,能夠進行各種變更。
例如,第一構件及第二構件可為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,第一電極及第二電極可為貫穿電極。根據該方法,可獲得如下半導體裝置作為接合體,所述半導體裝置為設置有貫穿電極的多個半導體晶圓及/或半導體晶片的積層體,且層間進行了微凸塊接合。
作為所述晶圓或晶片,可列舉:矽晶圓、氮化鎵晶圓、碳化矽晶圓、矽晶片、氮化鎵晶片及碳化矽晶片。另外,作為包含兩種以上半導體的晶圓或晶片,可列舉於矽晶圓或晶片上積層有氮化鎵者。
進而,參照圖式對本實施形態的接合體的製造方法進行詳細說明。
圖4是表示利用本實施形態的接合體的製造方法而製造的接合體的一例的示意剖面圖。
圖4所示的接合體125包括:第一構件102、第二構件103、以及將第一構件102與第二構件103接合的本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101。
作為第一構件及第二構件,例如可列舉:半導體晶圓、半導體晶片、絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)、二極體、肖特基勢壘二極體(schottky barrier diode)、金屬氧化物半導體-場效電晶體(metal oxide semiconductor-field effect transistor,MOS-FET)、閘流體、邏輯、感測器、類比積體電路(類比IC)、功率IC、發光二極體(light emitting diode,LED)、半導體雷射器、發信器等半導體元件;引線框;金屬板貼附陶瓷基板(例如直接敷銅(direct bonded copper,DBC));LED封裝體等半導體元件搭載用基材;銅帶及金屬框等金屬配線;金屬塊等塊體;端子等供電用構件;散熱板;水冷板等。
第一構件102及第二構件103的與接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體接觸的面102a及面103a可包含金屬。作為金屬,例如可列舉:銅、鎳、銀、金、鈀、鉑、鉛、錫、鈷等。金屬可單獨使用一種,亦可將兩種以上組合而使用。另外,與燒結體接觸的面亦可為包含所述金屬的合金。作為合金中所使用的金屬,除了所述金屬以外,可列舉:鋅、錳、鋁、鈹、鈦、鉻、鐵、鉬等。作為於與燒結體接觸的面中包含金屬的構件,例如可列舉:具有各種金屬鍍層的構件(具有金屬鍍層的晶片、具有各種金屬鍍層的引線框等)、導線(wire)、散熱片(heat spreader)、貼附有金屬板的陶瓷基板、包含各種金屬的引線框、銅板、銅箔等。
就將第一構件102及第二構件103充分接合的觀點而言,接合體125的剪切強度可為5 MPa以上,亦可為7 MPa以上,亦可為10 MPa以上,亦可為15 MPa以上。晶粒剪切強度可使用通用接合試驗機(勞斯(Royce)650,勞斯儀器(Royce Instruments)公司製造)或萬能型接合試驗機(4000系列,達格(DAGE)公司製造)等來測定。
於所述接合體125中,於第一構件為半導體元件的情況下,所述接合體125為半導體裝置。
圖5是表示利用本實施形態的接合體的製造方法而製造的半導體裝置的一例的示意剖面圖。圖5所示的半導體裝置130包括:本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體111、引線框115a、引線框115b、導線116、經由燒結體111而連接於引線框115a上的半導體元件118、及對該些進行模壓的模壓樹脂117。半導體元件118經由導線116而連接於引線框115b。
作為半導體裝置,例如可列舉:二極體、整流器、閘流體、MOS閘極驅動器、功率開關、功率MOSFET、IGBT、肖特基二極體、快速回復二極體(fast recovery diode)等功率模組;發信機;增幅器;高亮度LED模組;感測器等。
圖6(圖6的(a)及圖6的(b))是用以說明接合體125的製造方法的示意剖面圖。本實施形態的接合體125的製造方法包括如下步驟:準備依序積層有第一構件102、於該第一構件102的重量的作用方向側的所述接合用的銅糊劑110、及第二構件103的積層體60(圖6的(a)),於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱積層體60而對接合用的銅糊劑110進行燒結。藉此可獲得接合體125(圖6的(b))。再者,所謂第一構件102的重量的作用方向亦可稱為重力的作用方向。
於所述步驟中,可使接合用的銅糊劑110於承受第一構件102的重量的狀態下、或者於承受第一構件102的重量及0.01 MPa以下的微壓力的狀態下(換言之壓力為0.01 MPa以下的條件下)進行燒結。
所述積層體60可以與所述積層體50相同的方法及條件來準備。關於接合用的銅糊劑110的乾燥、燒結,亦可以與所述接合用的銅糊劑30相同的方法及條件來進行。
接合用的銅糊劑110的厚度可為1 μm以上、5 μm以上、10 μm以上、15 μm以上、20 μm以上或50 μm以上,且可為3000 μm以下、1000 μm以下、500 μm以下、300 μm以下、250 μm以下或150 μm以下。例如,接合用的銅糊劑110的厚度可為1 μm~1000 μm,亦可為10 μm~500 μm,亦可為50 μm~200 μm,亦可為10 μm~3000 μm,亦可為15 μm~500 μm,亦可為20 μm~300 μm,亦可為5 μm~500 μm,亦可為10 μm~250 μm,亦可為15 μm~150 μm。
作為將一構件配置於另一構件上的方法(例如,於設置有接合用的銅糊劑110的第二構件103上配置第一構件102的方法),例如可列舉使用晶片安裝器、倒裝晶片接合器、碳製或陶瓷製的定位夾具等的方法。
藉由使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑110,即便於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱,接合體亦可具有充分的接合強度。另外,即便於進行無加壓下的接合的情況下,接合體亦可具有充分的接合強度。
本實施形態的半導體裝置130可與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而製造。即,半導體裝置的製造方法包括如下步驟:第一構件及第二構件中至少一者使用半導體元件,準備依序積層有第一構件、於該第一構件的重量的作用方向側的所述接合用的銅糊劑、及第二構件的積層體,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱積層體而對接合用的銅糊劑進行燒結。例如,如圖7(圖7的(a)~圖7的(c))所示,於引線框115a上設置接合用的銅糊劑120,並配置半導體元件118而獲得積層體70之後(圖7的(a)),對該積層體70進行加熱,並使接合用的銅糊劑120進行燒結,藉此獲得接合體80(圖7的(b))。繼而,藉由導線116將所獲得的接合體80中的引線框115b與半導體元件118連接,並利用密封樹脂對該些進行密封。藉由以上的步驟獲得半導體裝置130(圖7的(c))。所獲得的半導體裝置130即便於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下、較佳為無加壓下進行接合的情況下,亦可具有充分的晶粒剪切強度及連接可靠性。本實施形態的半導體裝置藉由包括具有充分的接合力、導熱率及熔點高的包含銅的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體,可成為具有充分的晶粒剪切強度、連接可靠性優異、並且功率循環耐性亦優異者。
圖8所示的接合體140包括:第一構件102、第二構件103、第三構件104、第四構件105、將第一構件102與第二構件103接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101a、將第一構件102與第三構件104接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101b、及將第三構件104與第四構件105接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101c。
此種接合體140例如如圖9(圖9的(a)及圖9的(b))所示,可藉由包括如下步驟的方法獲得:準備積層體90,所述積層體90具有:依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第二接合用的銅糊劑110b、第一構件102、第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、及第二構件103的積層部分、與依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、及第四構件105的積層部分(圖9的(a)),與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第二接合用的銅糊劑110b及第三接合用的銅糊劑110c進行燒結(圖9的(b))。所述方法中,第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第二接合用的銅糊劑110b及第三接合用的銅糊劑110c為本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑,藉由對第一接合用的銅糊劑110a進行燒結而獲得燒結體101a,藉由對第二接合用的銅糊劑110b進行燒結而獲得燒結體101b,藉由對第三接合用的銅糊劑110c進行燒結而獲得燒結體101c。
另外,接合體140例如亦可藉由包括如下步驟的方法獲得:於獲得所述接合體125之後,形成依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第二接合用的銅糊劑110b、及第一構件102的積層部分、與依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、及第四構件105的積層部分,與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第二接合用的銅糊劑110b及第三接合用的銅糊劑110c進行燒結。
圖10所示的接合體150包括:第一構件102、第二構件103、第三構件104、第四構件105、第五構件106、將第一構件102與第二構件103接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101a、將第三構件104與第四構件105接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101c、將第一構件102與第五構件106接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101d、及將第三構件104與第五構件106接合的所述接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體101e。
此種接合體150例如如圖11(圖11的(a)及圖11的(b))所示,可藉由包括如下步驟的方法獲得:準備積層體95,所述積層體95具有:依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第五接合用的銅糊劑110e、第五構件106、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d、第一構件102、第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、及第二構件103的積層部分、與依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、及第四構件105的積層部分(圖11的(a)),與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d及第五接合用的銅糊劑110e進行燒結(圖11的(b))。所述方法中,第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d及第五接合用的銅糊劑110e為本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑,藉由對第一接合用的銅糊劑110a進行燒結而獲得燒結體101a,藉由對第三接合用的銅糊劑110c進行燒結而獲得燒結體101c,藉由對第四接合用的銅糊劑110d進行燒結而獲得燒結體101d,藉由對第五接合用的銅糊劑110e進行燒結而獲得燒結體101e。
另外,接合體150亦可藉由包括如下步驟的方法獲得:準備依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第五接合用的銅糊劑110e、第五構件106、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d、第一構件102、第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、及第二構件103的積層體,與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d及第五接合用的銅糊劑110e進行燒結後,形成依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、及第四構件105的積層部分,與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第三接合用的銅糊劑110c進行燒結。
另外,接合體150亦可藉由包括如下步驟的方法獲得:於獲得所述接合體125之後,形成依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第五接合用的銅糊劑110e、第五構件106、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d、及第一構件102的積層部分、與依序積層有第三構件104、於該第三構件104的重量的作用方向側的第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、及第四構件105的積層部分,與所述接合體125的製造方法同樣地進行而對第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d及第五接合用的銅糊劑110e進行燒結。
於所述變形例中,作為第三構件104、第四構件105及第五構件106的例子,與第二構件103的例子相同,例如第三構件104可為銅帶及金屬框等金屬配線,第四構件105可為端子或引線框,第五構件106可為金屬塊等塊體。另外,第三構件104、第四構件105及第五構件106的與接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體接觸的面亦可包含金屬。可包含的金屬的例子和第一構件102及第二構件103與接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體接觸的面中可包含的金屬的例子相同。另外,所述變形例中使用的第一接合用的銅糊劑110a、第二接合用的銅糊劑110b、第三接合用的銅糊劑110c、第四接合用的銅糊劑110d、第五接合用的銅糊劑110e可分別相同亦可不同。
<接合體> 本實施形態的接合體包括:第一構件、第二構件、以及將第一構件與第二構件接合的本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體。本實施形態的接合體可利用所述本實施形態的接合體的製造方法來獲得。
所述第一構件及第二構件中至少一者可為半導體元件。即,接合體可為半導體裝置。
本實施形態的接合體中亦可為:所述第一構件具有第一電極,所述第二構件具有與第一電極相向的第二電極,燒結體將第一電極與第二電極接合。
第一電極及第二電極中至少一者可為金屬柱。
第一構件及第二構件可為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,第一電極及第二電極可為設置於半導體晶圓及/或半導體晶片的貫穿電極。該接合體可應用於具有利用矽通孔(Through Silicon Via,TSV)連接的結構的大規模積體電路(large scale integration,LSI)。
圖12的(a)、(b)是用以說明TSV的晶片層間進行了微凸塊接合的接合體及其製造方法的示意剖面圖。圖12的(a)所示的接合體52具有設置有貫穿電極14的多個半導體晶片13經由微凸塊15及燒結體16接合而成的結構。燒結體16是本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體。
接合體52可與所述接合體的製造方法同樣地進行而製造。例如如圖12的(b)所示,於其中一半導體晶片13中的微凸塊15上配置接合用的銅糊劑17後,經由接合用的銅糊劑17以微凸塊15與另一半導體晶片13'中的微凸塊15'彼此相向的方式,將另一半導體晶片13'配置於其中一半導體晶片13上,經由燒結的接合用的銅糊劑17而將微凸塊15與微凸塊15'連接,藉此可獲得接合體。可藉由重覆或同時進行該步驟來獲得接合體52。 [實施例]
以下,藉由實施例及比較例來對本發明進一步進行具體說明,但本發明並不限定於以下的實施例。
<接合用的銅糊劑的製備> (實施例1) 於2000 rpm、1分鐘的條件下利用新基(Thinky)股份有限公司製造的攪拌機(商品名:「去泡攪拌太郎 ARE-310」,以下相同),將作為包含次微米銅粒子的材料的CH-0200(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,製品名,50%體積平均粒徑:0.36 μm,三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造)6.16 g、二氫萜品醇(日本萜烯(Terpene)化學(股)製造)1.1956 g、及2,2-二甲基戊二酸(熔點:83℃,富士膠片和光純藥(股)製造)0.0044 g混合。之後,利用三輥研磨機進行十次分散處理,從而獲得混合物。
將藉由分散處理而獲得的混合物移至聚乙烯製的容器中之後,秤量作為包含片狀微米銅粒子的材料的1050YF(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,製品名,50%體積平均粒徑:1.7 μm,縱橫比為7)2.64 g並加入至容器中,於2000 rpm、1分鐘的條件下,利用新基(Thinky)股份有限公司製造的攪拌機加以混合。之後,利用三輥研磨機進行五次分散處理,從而獲得接合用的銅糊劑。
(實施例2~實施例11、及比較例1) 將接合用的銅糊劑的組成變更為表1或表2所示的組成(數值的單位為g),除此以外與實施例1同樣地製備接合用的銅糊劑。
<接合用的銅糊劑的評價> 對於所述獲得的接合用的銅糊劑,按照下述方法進行了接合強度及保存穩定性的評價。將結果示於表1及表2中。
(接合強度) 接合強度藉由剪切強度來評價。首先,使用厚度100 μm的模版遮罩將接合用的銅糊劑模版印刷至無氧銅板(19 mm×25 mm×厚度3 mm),於下述各條件下進行加熱,藉此分別製作於銅板上形成有10根凸塊直徑為200 μm的凸塊的測定用樣品。 加熱條件1:氫濃度4.5%與氮濃度95.5%的氣體環境、加熱溫度30℃、加熱時間60分鐘 加熱條件2:氫濃度10%與氮濃度90%的氣體環境、加熱溫度30℃、加熱時間60分鐘 加熱條件3:氮濃度100%的氣體環境、加熱溫度30℃、加熱時間60分鐘
對於所述獲得的測定用樣品的凸塊,使用裝配有測力器(load cell)(BS-5KG,諾信高科技(Nordson Advanced Technology)(股)製造)的萬能型接合試驗機達格(Dage)4000(諾信高科技(Nordson Advanced Technology)(股)製造,製品名),於溫度25℃、剪切速度100 μm/sec、剪切高度10 μm的條件下朝水平方向按壓,進行剪切試驗。繼而,利用數位顯微鏡VHX-5000(基恩士(KEYENCE)(股)製造,製品名)觀察試驗後的凸塊的斷裂部並算出斷裂面的總面積。根據所獲得的剪切強度除以總面積而得的每單位面積的剪切強度,按照下述判定基準來評價接合強度。 [判定基準] A:剪切強度為15 MPa以上 B:剪切強度為10 MPa以上且未滿15 MPa C:剪切強度為5 MPa以上且未滿10 MPa D:剪切強度未滿5 MPa
(保存穩定性) 將接合用的銅糊劑於-30℃的環境下保存168小時。使用具有開口直徑為200 μm的圓柱狀開口部的厚度為100 μm的模版遮罩,將保存後的接合用的銅糊劑模版印刷至銅板上。根據此時的印刷性,按照下述判定基準來評價保存穩定性。 [判定基準] A:可無遺漏地印刷糊劑。 B:糊劑有遺漏。 C:無法印刷。
[表1]
   實施例1 實施例2 實施例3 實施例4 實施例5 實施例6
糊劑組成 銅粒子 次微米銅粒子A 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.37 5.95
微米銅粒子B 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.73 2.55
微米銅粒子C - - - - - -
分散介質 二羥基萜品醇 1.1956 1.1912 1.068 1.1824 0.8909 1.4915
添加劑 2,2-二甲基戊二酸 0.0044 0.0088 0.132 0.0176 0.0091 0.0085
3,3-二甲基戊二酸 - - - - - -
2,4-二甲基戊二酸 - - - - - -
評價 剪切強度 氫濃度4.5% B B A A B B
氫濃度10% B A A A A A
氮濃度100% C B B B B B
保存穩定性 A A B B A A
[表2]
   實施例7 實施例8 實施例9 實施例10 實施例11 比較例1
糊劑組成 銅粒子 次微米銅粒子A 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.16
微米銅粒子B 2.64 2.64 - - - -
微米銅粒子C - - 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64
分散介質 二羥基萜品醇 1.1912 1.1912 1.1912 1.1912 1.1912 1.2
添加劑 2,2-二甲基戊二酸 - - 0.0088 - - -
3,3-二甲基戊二酸 0.0088 - - 0.0088 - -
2,4-二甲基戊二酸 - 0.0088 - - 0.0088 -
評價 剪切強度 氫濃度4.5% B B B B B C
氫濃度10% A A A A A B
氮濃度100% B B B B B D
保存穩定性 A A A A A A
表中的次微米銅粒子A、微米銅粒子B、及微米銅粒子C的詳情如下述般。 次微米銅粒子A:CH-0200(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,製品名,50%體積平均粒徑:0.36 μm,三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造) 微米銅粒子B:1050YF(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造,製品名,50%體積平均粒徑:1.7 μm,縱橫比為7) 微米銅粒子C:2L3N(福田金屬箔粉工業股份有限公司製造,製品名,50%體積平均粒徑:7.2 μm,縱橫比為5.2)
10:第一構件 11:金屬柱 12:第一基板 13、13':半導體晶片 14:貫穿電極 15、15':微凸塊 16:燒結體 17:接合用的銅糊劑 20:第二構件 21:電極墊 22:第二基板 30:接合用的銅糊劑(接合部) 31:燒結體(接合部) 50、60、70、90、95:積層體 52:接合體 80、100:接合體 101、101a、101b、101c、101d、101e、111:接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體 102:第一構件 102a、103a:面 103:第二構件 104:第三構件 105:第四構件 106:第五構件 110、110a、110b、110c、110d、110e、120:接合用的銅糊劑 115a、115b:引線框 116:導線 117:模壓樹脂 118:半導體元件 125、140、150:接合體 130:半導體裝置
圖1的(a)、(b)是表示一實施形態的接合體的製造方法的示意剖面圖。 圖2的(a)~(c)是用以說明接合體的製造方法中的第一步驟的示意剖面圖。 圖3的(a)~(c)是用以說明接合體的製造方法中的第一步驟的示意剖面圖。 圖4是表示使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑所製造的接合體的一例的示意剖面圖。 圖5是表示使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑所製造的半導體裝置的一例的示意剖面圖。 圖6的(a)、(b)是用以說明圖4所示的接合體的製造方法的示意剖面圖。 圖7的(a)~(c)是用以說明圖5所示的半導體裝置的製造方法的示意剖面圖。 圖8是表示使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑所製造的接合體的一例的示意剖面圖。 圖9的(a)、(b)是用以說明圖8所示的接合體的製造方法的示意剖面圖。 圖10是表示使用本實施形態的接合用的銅糊劑所製造的接合體的一例的示意剖面圖。 圖11的(a)、(b)是用以說明圖10所示的接合體的製造方法的示意剖面圖。 圖12的(a)、(b)是用以說明TSV的晶片層間進行了微凸塊接合的接合體及其製造方法的示意剖面圖。
10:第一構件
11:金屬柱
12:第一基板
20:第二構件
21:電極墊
22:第二基板
30:接合用的銅糊劑(接合部)
31:燒結體(接合部)
50:積層體
100:接合體

Claims (21)

  1. 一種接合用的銅糊劑,含有銅粒子、熔點為120℃以下的多羧酸、以及分散介質。
  2. 如請求項1所述的接合用的銅糊劑,其中以所述銅粒子的總量為基準,所述多羧酸的含量為0.01質量%~1.5質量%。
  3. 如請求項1或請求項2所述的接合用的銅糊劑,包含下述通式(1)所表示的二羧酸作為所述多羧酸,
    Figure 03_image005
    式(1)中,R表示二價的碳數2~10的直鏈或分支的飽和或不飽和烴基。
  4. 如請求項1至請求項3中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑,包含熔點為100℃以下的多羧酸作為所述多羧酸。
  5. 如請求項1至請求項4中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑,包含二甲基戊二酸作為所述多羧酸。
  6. 如請求項1至請求項5中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑,包含二氫萜品醇作為所述分散介質。
  7. 如請求項1至請求項6中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑,包含體積平均粒徑為0.12 μm~0.8 μm的次微米銅粒子、與最大直徑為2 μm~50 μm且縱橫比為3.0以上的片狀的微米銅粒子作為所述銅粒子。
  8. 如請求項7所述的接合用的銅糊劑,其中以所述銅粒子的總質量為基準,所述次微米銅粒子的含量為30質量%~90質量%, 以所述銅粒子的總質量為基準,所述微米銅粒子的含量為10質量%~70質量%。
  9. 如請求項1至請求項8中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑,用於無加壓接合。
  10. 一種接合體的製造方法,包括:第一步驟,準備將第一構件、如請求項1至請求項8中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑、及第二構件依序積層而成的積層體;以及第二步驟,於氫濃度為45%以下的氣體環境下加熱所述積層體而對所述接合用的銅糊劑進行燒結。
  11. 如請求項10所述的接合體的製造方法,其中所述氣體環境為氮氣環境。
  12. 如請求項10或請求項11所述的接合體的製造方法,其中於所述第二步驟中,於承受所述第一構件的重量的狀態下、或者於承受所述第一構件的重量及0.01 MPa以下的微壓力的狀態下對所述接合用的銅糊劑進行加熱並加以燒結。
  13. 如請求項10至請求項12中任一項所述的接合體的製造方法,其中所述第一構件及所述第二構件中至少一者為半導體元件。
  14. 如請求項10至請求項13中任一項所述的接合體的製造方法,其中於所述積層體中所述第一構件具有第一電極,所述第二構件具有與所述第一電極相向的第二電極,所述接合用的銅糊劑設置於所述第一電極與所述第二電極之間。
  15. 如請求項14所述的接合體的製造方法,其中所述第一電極及所述第二電極中至少一者為金屬柱。
  16. 如請求項14所述的接合體的製造方法,其中所述第一構件及所述第二構件為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,所述第一電極及所述第二電極為貫穿電極。
  17. 一種接合體,包括:第一構件、第二構件、及將第一構件與第二構件接合的如請求項1至請求項8中任一項所述的接合用的銅糊劑的燒結體。
  18. 如請求項17所述的接合體,其中所述第一構件及所述第二構件中至少一者為半導體元件。
  19. 如請求項17或請求項18所述的接合體,其中所述第一構件具有第一電極,所述第二構件具有與所述第一電極相向的第二電極,所述燒結體將所述第一電極與所述第二電極接合。
  20. 如請求項19所述的接合體,其中所述第一電極及所述第二電極中至少一者為金屬柱。
  21. 如請求項19所述的接合體,其中所述第一構件及所述第二構件為包含選自由矽、氮化鎵及碳化矽所組成的群組中的一種或兩種以上的半導體的晶圓或晶片,所述第一電極及所述第二電極為貫穿電極。
TW109134244A 2019-09-30 2020-09-30 接合用的銅糊劑、接合體的製造方法和接合體 TW202115744A (zh)

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