WO2005021770A1 - コハク酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
コハク酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005021770A1 WO2005021770A1 PCT/JP2004/012404 JP2004012404W WO2005021770A1 WO 2005021770 A1 WO2005021770 A1 WO 2005021770A1 JP 2004012404 W JP2004012404 W JP 2004012404W WO 2005021770 A1 WO2005021770 A1 WO 2005021770A1
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- succinic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/46—Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of succinic acid using bacteria such as coryneform bacteria.
- Anaerobic bacteria such as the genus Anaerobiospirillum and the genus Actinobacillus have been used (US Pat. No. 5,142,834 and US Pat. No. 5,504,004, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1999), 49,207). -216).
- anaerobic bacteria When anaerobic bacteria are used, the yield of the product is high, but on the other hand, large amounts of organic nitrogen, such as CSL (corn steep liquor), are required in the medium due to the requirement of many nutrients for growth. Sources need to be added. Adding large amounts of these organic nitrogen sources not only raises the cost of the culture medium but also increases the cost of purification when removing the product, and is not economical.
- aerobic bacteria such as coryneform bacteria are cultured once under aerobic conditions, and after the cells are grown, the cells are collected, washed, and non-amino as a static cell without oxygen aeration.
- a method for producing an organic acid is also known (JP-A-11-113588 and JP-A-11-196888).
- JP-A-11-113588 and JP-A-11-196888 A method for producing an organic acid.
- the cells when the cells are grown, it is economical because the amount of organic nitrogen can be sufficiently increased in a simple medium with a small amount of added organic nitrogen, but the production amount, production concentration, and There was room for improvement, such as increasing the production rate per cell and simplifying the manufacturing process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing succinic acid with higher production efficiency.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, clarified a bacterium modified so as to enhance fumarate reductase activity or a processed product thereof to carbonate ion or carbonate ion. Found that by acting on an organic raw material in a reaction solution containing bicarbonate ions or carbon dioxide gas, the consumption rate of the organic raw material, the production rate of succinic acid, or the yield was increased. It was completed.
- Succinic acid by reacting a bacterium modified to enhance fumarate reductase activity or a processed product of the bacterium with an organic material in a reaction solution containing carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions or carbon dioxide gas. And producing the succinic acid.
- the bacterium is any bacterium selected from the group consisting of a coryneform bacterium, a Bacillus bacterium, and a Rhizobium bacterium.
- bacterium is a bacterium modified to enhance fumarate reductase activity by using a fumarate reductase gene derived from Escherichia coli.
- a method for producing a succinic acid-containing polymer comprising a step of producing succinic acid by the method of any one of (8) and a step of polymerizing the obtained succinic acid.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a construction procedure of a plasmid pKMBl and a restriction enzyme map.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a procedure for constructing a plasmid ⁇ / ⁇ LDH.
- Garden 3 Diagram showing the procedure for constructing plasmid pTZ4.
- Bacteria that can be used in the production method of the present invention are bacteria that have been modified so that fumarate reductase activity is enhanced.
- “fumarate reductase activity” refers to the activity of catalyzing the reaction of reducing and converting fumarate to succinate
- “enhancing fumarate reductase activity” refers to wild-type or It means that the fumarate reductase activity is enhanced as compared to the unmodified fumarate reductase strain.
- the fumarate reductase activity can be measured by a method for measuring a decrease in KFe (CN) as described below.
- Escherichia coli fumarate reductase is the enzyme responsible for the reverse reaction of succinate dehydrogenase, which acts in the TCA cycle, but is involved in fumarate respiration under anaerobic conditions and is transcribed under aerobic conditions. It is known that gene expression is suppressed at the level (Jones, H. ⁇ ⁇ , Gunsalus, RP, J. BacterioL, 1985, Vol. 164, pi 100-1109). Therefore, if the activity of fumarate reductase is excessively enhanced, it is considered that the growth of bacterial cells is deteriorated.In the present invention, the activity of fumarate reductase is enhanced to such an extent that the growth of bacterial cells is not significantly inhibited. Is desirable.
- Enhancement of fumarate reductase activity can be performed, for example, by modifying a parent bacterial strain by a genetic recombination method using a fumarate reductase gene.
- the gene may encode a protein having a fumarate reductase activity simultaneously with the succinate dehydrogenase activity. Accordingly, the expression of a gene encoding a protein having both fumarate reductase activity and succinate dehydrogenase activity may be increased.
- succinate dehydrogenase from coryneform bacteria produces succinate from fumarate, which is the reverse reaction. Can catalyze the reaction.
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity can be measured by the method of Arkrell, BAC et al. (Meth Enzymol. 53, 466-483).
- the parent strain of the bacterium that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a succinic acid-producing ability.
- Coryneform bacterium, Bacillus bacterium, or Rhizobium bacterium is preferred. Type bacteria are more preferred.
- Examples of the coryneform bacterium include a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebatera, a microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibataterum, and a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter. Among them, preferably, the genus Corynebacterium or the genus Brevibatatherium is used.
- Corynebacterium-daltamicum (Crynebacterium glutamicum), Frevino quarium 'Hufnom (Brevibacterium f lavum), Brevibacterium' Brevibacterium ammoniagenes) Mentum (Brevibacterium lactofermentum).
- Brevibacterium 'Flavum MJ-233 (FERM BP-1497), MJ-233 AB-41 (FERM BP-1498), Brevibacterium' ammoniagenes ATCC6872. And Corynebatadium Glutamicum ATCC 31831 and Brevibatatermi Ratatofamentum ATCC13869. It should be noted that Brevibataterum 'Flavum' is currently sometimes classified as Corynebataterum 'Dartamicum' (Lielbl, W., Ehrmann, ⁇ , Ludwig, W. and Schleifer, K. H "International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1991, vol. 41, p255_260).
- Flavum MJ-233 strain and its mutant MJ-233 AB-41 strain are each Corynebatatellium 'glutamicum. It shall be the same strain as MJ-233 and MJ-233 AB-41.
- the bacterium used as a parent strain in the method of the present invention is a UV strain that can be used only in a wild strain. Any strain, such as a mutant strain obtained by ordinary mutation treatment such as irradiation or NTG treatment, or a recombinant strain derived by genetic techniques such as cell fusion or gene recombination, may be used. .
- the host of the genetically modified strain may be of the same genus as the parent strain or of a different genus as long as it is a transformable microorganism. Preferably, the host is an aerobic bacterium.
- the gene that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it encodes a protein having fumarate reductase activity.
- a gene derived from Escherichia coli having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 can be mentioned. This gene encodes four subunits (frdA, frdB, frdC and frdD; SEQ ID NO: 2023) constituting fumarate reductase (base numbers 440 2245, 2241-2975, 2986-3381, SEQ ID NO: 19). And the operon gene containing 3392-3751), respectively.
- each subunit gene encodes a subunit protein capable of forming a complex having FRD activity, DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA having the above nucleotide sequence, or DNA that hybridizes under the stringent conditions, or It may be a homolog such as DNA having homology of at least 95%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 99%.
- the stringent bets conditions 60 ° C, 1 X SSC is an ordinary condition of washing in Southern hybrida I See Chillon, 0. 1 0/0 SDS, preferably ⁇ or, 0.
- FRD gene homologs those encoding a protein in which the amino acid corresponding to the 17th amino acid of the B subunit (frdB) of FRD (SEQ ID NO: 21) is lysine are preferable.
- the gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 or a homologue thereof can be obtained by the PCR method or the hybridization method.
- a mutation such that the amino acid corresponding to the 17th amino acid of frdB is lysine can be introduced by a known method.
- a gene encoding a protein having both succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities may be used.
- Sdh gene derived from a coryneform bacterium. This gene contains the three subunits (sdhA, sdhB and sdhC) of succinate dehydrogenase (base numbers 1153-3171, 3174-3920 and 363-1133 of SEQ ID NO: 28).
- Operon gene The sdh operon of Corynebacterium 'daltamicum is described in Genebank accession No. NCgl0359 (sdhC) NCgl0360 (sdhA) NCgl0361 (sdhB).
- each subunit gene encodes a subunit protein capable of forming a complex having FRD activity, DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA having the above nucleotide sequence, or at least 90% with the above nucleotide sequence, Preferably 95 Q / o or more, more preferably 99. It may be a homolog such as DNA having homology of / 0 or more.
- the stringent condition is a condition for washing the ordinary Southern hybridization 60. C, 1 X SSC, 0. 1 0/0 SDS, or preferably ⁇ , 0. 1 X SSC, Haiburidizu conditions and the like at a salt concentration corresponding to 0. 1% S DS.
- amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 20 to 23 and SEQ ID NOs: 29 to 31 includes substitution, deletion, insertion, or addition of one or several amino acids.
- FRD genes derived from bacteria other than Escherichia coli and coryneform bacteria, or from other microorganisms or animals and plants can also be used.
- FRD genes derived from microorganisms or animals and plants a gene whose base sequence has already been determined, a gene encoding a protein having FRD activity based on homology, etc., is isolated from chromosomes of microorganisms, animals and plants, etc. A sequence determined and the like can be used. After the base sequence is determined, a gene synthesized according to the sequence can be used. These can be obtained by amplifying the region containing the promoter and the ⁇ RF portion by a hybridization method or a PCR method.
- a DNA fragment containing the FRD gene is ligated to an appropriate plasmid
- a recombinant plasmid capable of enhancing the expression of FRD in a coryneform bacterium can be obtained by introducing the plasmid into a plasmid vector containing at least a gene that controls the replication replication function of the plasmid in the coryneform bacterium.
- the plasmid vector into which the FRD gene can be introduced into the coryneform bacterium is not particularly limited as long as it contains at least a gene that controls the replication growth function in the coryneform bacterium.
- plasmid pCRY30 described in JP-A-3-210184
- plasmids pCRY21, pCRY2KE and pCRY2KX described in JP-A-2-72876 and US Pat. No. 5,185,262.
- the FRD gene When the FRD gene has an operon structure, it can be achieved by introducing a mutation into a promoter region that controls the expression, in addition to the above-described method, as described in WO0018935.
- the promoter for expressing the FRD gene is not limited as long as it functions in coryneform bacteria, and any promoter can be used. You can.
- the expression level of the FRD gene can be regulated by appropriately selecting a promoter. As described above, the example using coryneform bacteria has been described. However, when other bacteria are used, FRD activity can be enhanced by the same method. [0020] In this reaction, it is more effective to use a bacterial strain that has been modified so as to reduce ratatate dehydrogenase activity in addition to enhancing fumarate reductase activity.
- the reduced ratate dehydrogenase activity means that the ratate dehydrogenase activity is lower than that of the unmodified ratate dehydrogenase strain. It is preferable that the ratate dehydrogenase activity is reduced to 10% or less per cell, as compared with a non-modified ratate dehydrogenase strain. Further, the ratate dehydrogenase activity may be completely deficient. Reduction of ratate dehydrogenase activity can be confirmed by measuring ratate dehydrogenase activity by a known method (L. Kanarek and RL Hill, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 4202 (1964)). it can.
- Specific methods for producing a mutant strain of coryneform bacterium having reduced ratatate dehydrogenase activity include a method by homologous recombination into a chromosome described in JP-A-11-206385, or a method described in the present specification. Method using SacB gene described in the example (
- the coryneform bacterium of the present invention in which the ratate dehydrogenase activity is reduced and the expression of the FRD gene is enhanced, is prepared, for example, as described in Example 2 below, by preparing a bacterium in which the LDH gene is disrupted, and culturing the bacterium. It can be obtained by transforming with a recombinant vector containing a gene. However, either the modification operation for reducing the LDH activity or the modification operation for enhancing the FRD activity may be performed first.
- a bacterium modified so as to enhance pyruvate carboxylase activity in addition to enhancing fumarate reductase activity may be used.
- the phrase "the activity of pyruvate carboxylase is enhanced” means that the activity of pyruvate carboxylase is increased relative to an unmodified strain such as a wild-type strain or a parent strain.
- the activity of pyruvate carboxylase can be measured, for example, by a method for measuring a decrease in NADH as described below.
- Coryneform bacterium in which the expression of fumarate reductase and pyruvate carboxylase has been enhanced can be obtained by the same method as described in JP-A-11-196888, by using the fumarate reductase (FRD) gene and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene. Can be produced by highly expressing in a coryneform bacterium.
- the PC gene used in the method of the present invention has a nucleotide sequence already determined.
- a DNA or a DNA fragment encoding a protein having PC activity can be isolated from a chromosome of a microorganism, animal or plant by a method as described below, and the nucleotide sequence determined can be used. After the nucleotide sequence is determined, a gene synthesized according to the sequence can also be used.
- the DNA fragment containing the PC gene is present on chromosomes derived from microorganisms, animals and plants.
- the basic operation for preparing a PC gene from these source microorganisms, animals and plants is as follows, taking as an example a coryneform bacterium whose sequence is known.
- the PC gene is present on the chromosome of the above-mentioned coryneform bacterium Corynebacterium 'daltamicam ATCC13032 (Peters-Wendisch, PG et al. Microbiology, vol. 144 (1998) p915-927), and their sequences are shown.
- Is known GenBank Database Accession No. APO 05276) (SEQ ID NO: 15), and can be isolated and obtained by PCR.
- PCR is performed, the result is about 3.
- a 7 kb PC gene can be amplified.
- an appropriate restriction enzyme site to the 5 'end of the primer used for PCR, it can be ligated to an appropriate site of the vector described below, and the resulting recombinant vector can be used. It can be introduced into coryneform bacteria.
- the protein is purified using the PC activity as an index, a probe is synthesized from the N-terminal amino acid sequence U and the partially degraded sequence, and the gene is synthesized by a commonly used hybridization technique. Fragments can be isolated. Further, it is possible to synthesize a probe or primer based on the amino acid sequence of the region conserved between PC proteins, and obtain a fragment by hybridization and PCR. The DNA sequence of the obtained fragment can be determined by an ordinary method.
- the size of the cut DNA fragment and the size of the plasmid are determined by digesting DNA of Escherichia coli 'lambda' phage (phage a phage) with the restriction enzyme Hindlll when agarose gel electrophoresis is used. Based on the standard line drawn by the migration distance of the DNA fragment of known molecular weight obtained on the same agarose gel, and when using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Escherichia coli E.
- coli phage X 174 phage ( ⁇ ⁇ 174 phage) DNA based on a standard line drawn on the same polyacrylamide gel as the migration distance of a DNA fragment of known molecular weight obtained by cleaving DNA with the restriction enzyme Haelll. Can be calculated.
- the results obtained by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis were used for the size of lkb or more, and the size of fragments from about 0.1 lkb to less than lkb was used.
- the DNA fragment containing the PC gene used to enhance the PC activity is not limited to a DNA fragment isolated from Corynebacterium daltamicum chromosomal DNA, but may also be a commonly used DNA synthesizer, for example, It may be synthesized using a 394 DNA / RNA synthesizer manufactured by Applied Biosystems.
- the PC gene obtained from the chromosomal DNA of the coryneform bacterium has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 as long as it does not substantially impair the function of the coded PC, that is, the property involved in carbon dioxide fixation.
- a part of the base sequence may be replaced or deleted, another base may be inserted, or a new base may be inserted. Any of these derivatives may be used in the present invention.
- a DNA encoding a protein having PC activity can also be suitably used.
- the Sutorinjiwento conditions, 60 o C, 1 X SSC is an ordinary condition of washing in Southern hybrida I See Chillon, 0. 1 0/0 SDS, preferably ⁇ or, 0. 1 X SSC, 0 . 1 0/0 SDS to Haiburidizu a salt concentration you primate equivalent to the condition and the like.
- a PC gene derived from a bacterium other than Corynebacterium daltamicum, or from other microorganisms or animals and plants can also be used.
- the sequences of the PC genes derived from microorganisms or animals and plants shown below have known sequences (the literature is shown below), and the ⁇ RF portion can be obtained by hybridization or PCR as described above. It can be obtained by amplification.
- the DNA fragment containing the PC gene can be expressed by introducing it into an appropriate expression plasmid, for example, pUC118 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo), and introducing it into an appropriate host microorganism, for example, Escherichia coli JM109 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo).
- the expressed PC gene product, pyruvate carboxylase (SEQ ID NO: 16) was confirmed directly from the transformant by the method of the crude enzyme solution Magasanik [J. Bacteriol., 158, 55-62, (1984)]. It can be confirmed by measuring the activity and comparing it with the PC activity of the crude enzyme solution extracted from the non-transformed strain.
- a DNA fragment containing a PC gene into an appropriate plasmid, for example, a plasmid vector containing at least a gene responsible for the replication and growth function of the plasmid in a coryneform bacterium, high expression of PC can be achieved in a coryneform bacterium.
- a recombinant plasmid can be obtained.
- the promoter for expressing the PC gene can be a promoter possessed by a coryneform bacterium. Any promoter may be used.
- a plasmid vector into which a PC gene including the TZ4 promoter as described in Example 3 described below can be introduced, as long as it contains at least a gene that controls replication and replication in coryneform bacteria.
- a plasmid vector into which a PC gene including the TZ4 promoter as described in Example 3 described below can be introduced, as long as it contains at least a gene that controls replication and replication in coryneform bacteria.
- Specific examples thereof include the plasmid pCRY30 described in JP-A-3-210184; the plasmid described in JP-A-2-72876 and US Pat. No. 5,185,262.
- pCRY21, pCRY2KE, pCRY2KX, pCRY31, pCRY3KE and pCRY3KX plasmids pCRY2 and pCRY3 described in JP-A-1-191686; Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- plasmid vectors used in the coryneform bacterium host-vector system include a gene that controls the replication replication function of the plasmid in the coryneform bacterium and a gene that controls the plasmid stabilization function in the coryneform bacterium.
- plasmids having plasmids pCRY30, pCRY21, pCRY2KE, pCRY2KX, pCRY31, pCRY3KE, and pCRY3KX are preferably used.
- a coryneform bacterium with enhanced PC gene expression can be obtained.
- the PC activity can also be enhanced by introducing, replacing, or amplifying a PC gene on a chromosome by a known homologous recombination method to increase the expression.
- a coryneform bacterium with enhanced expression of the PC gene and the FRD gene can be obtained. Either of the FRD gene and the PC gene may be introduced first. Transformation can be performed, for example, by the electric pulse method (Res. Microbiol., Vol. 144, p. 181-185, 1993).
- a bacterium modified so that the activity of fumarate reductase and pyruvate carboxylase is enhanced and the activity of ratate dehydrogenase is reduced is particularly effective for the production of succinic acid. It is.
- a bacterium can be obtained, for example, by transforming a coryneform bacterium in which the LDH gene has been disrupted with a recombinant vector containing the PC gene and the FRD gene.
- the modification operation using these genes may be performed first, or the deviation operation may be performed first.
- a solid medium such as an agar medium is used.
- those obtained by slant culture may be used directly for the reaction, it is preferable to use those obtained by previously culturing the above bacteria in a liquid medium (seed culture).
- Production can also be carried out by reacting the seed-cultured bacteria with an organic material while growing the same in a medium containing the organic material.
- the cells can be produced by reacting the cells obtained by the propagation with an organic material in a reaction solution containing the organic material.
- an aerobic coryneform bacterium it is preferable that the cells are first cultured under ordinary aerobic conditions before use.
- a medium usually used for culturing microorganisms can be used.
- a general medium in which a natural nutrient such as meat extract, yeast extract, and peptone is added to a composition comprising inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate, and magnesium sulfate can be used.
- the cultured cells are recovered by centrifugation, membrane separation, etc., and used for the reaction.
- a processed product of bacterial cells can also be used.
- the treated cells include immobilized cells in which the cells are immobilized with acrylamide, carrageenan, etc., crushed cells, crushed cells, centrifuged supernatant, or supernatant treated with ammonium sulfate. A partially purified fraction and the like can be mentioned.
- the organic raw material used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon source capable of assimilating succinic acid by assimilation of the present microorganism.
- galactose, ratatose, gnorecose, funolectose, and glycerolone are used.
- Carbohydrates such as sucrose, sucrose, starch, and senole starch; and fermentable sugars such as polyalcohols such as glycerin, mannitol, xylitoleone, and ribitol, and glucose, fructose, and glycerol are particularly preferred.
- Glucose is preferred.
- a starch saccharified solution, molasses, or the like containing the above fermentable carbohydrate is also used.
- These fermentable carbohydrates can be used alone or in combination.
- the use concentration of the above-mentioned organic raw materials is not particularly limited, but it is advantageous to make the concentration as high as possible without impairing the production of succinic acid, usually 5 30% (WZV), preferably 10 20% (WZV).
- the reaction takes place within the range.
- the organic raw material may be additionally added in accordance with the decrease of the organic raw material with the progress of the reaction.
- the reaction solution containing the above-mentioned organic raw material is not particularly limited. Medium, or a buffer such as a phosphate buffer.
- the reaction solution is preferably an aqueous solution containing a nitrogen source, an inorganic salt, and the like.
- the nitrogen source is not particularly limited as long as the microorganism can assimilate and produce succinic acid, but specifically, ammonium salt, nitrate, urea, and soybean hydrolyzate.
- various organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds such as casein decomposition products, peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, and corn steep liquor.
- the inorganic salt various metal salts such as phosphates, sulfates, magnesium, potassium, manganese, iron, and zinc are used.
- growth promoting factors such as vitamins such as biotin, pantothenic acid, inositol and nicotinic acid, nucleotides and amino acids are added as necessary.
- the pH of the reaction solution can be adjusted by adding sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or the like. Since the pH in this reaction is usually pH 5 to 10, preferably pH 6 to 9.5, the pH of the reaction solution may be adjusted to the above range with an alkaline substance, carbonate, urea, etc. during the reaction, if necessary. I do.
- reaction solution used in the present invention water, a buffer solution, a medium, and the like are used, and a medium is most preferable.
- the medium may contain, for example, the above-mentioned organic raw material and carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion or carbon dioxide gas and react under anaerobic conditions.
- Carbonate ion or bicarbonate is supplied from magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and potassium bicarbonate, which can also be used as a neutralizing agent.
- carbonate or bicarbonate salts include, for example, magnesium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and the like.
- Carbonic acid ions and bicarbonate ions are added at a concentration of 0.001 to 5M, preferably 0.13M, and more preferably 12 to 12M. If carbon dioxide is to be contained, add 50 mg 25 g per liter of the solution, preferably ⁇ 100 mg 15 g, and more preferably ⁇ 150 mg-10 g.
- the optimal growth temperature of the bacteria used in this reaction is usually 25 ° C to 35 ° C.
- Reaction temperature The degree is usually from 25 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably from 30 ° C to 37 ° C.
- the amount of the cells used for the reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 700 g / L, preferably 10-500 g / L, and more preferably 20-400 g / L.
- the reaction time is preferably from 1 hour to 168 hours, more preferably from 3 hours to 72 hours.
- the reaction for producing succinic acid may be carried out with aeration and stirring, or may be carried out in an anaerobic atmosphere without aeration and without supply of oxygen.
- the anaerobic atmosphere means that the reaction is performed with the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution kept low.
- a method for this purpose for example, a method in which the reaction is carried out with the container sealed and without ventilation, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is supplied and the reaction is performed, or an inert gas containing carbon dioxide gas is ventilated. Let's do it.
- Succinic acid accumulated in the reaction solution can be separated and purified from the reaction solution according to a conventional method. Specifically, after removing solids such as cells by centrifugation, filtration, etc., desalting is performed with an ion exchange resin or the like, and succinic acid is separated and purified from the solution by crystallization or column chromatography. it can.
- a succinic acid-containing polymer can be produced by producing succinic acid by the above-mentioned method of the present invention and then carrying out a polymerization reaction using the obtained succinic acid as a raw material.
- the succinic acid produced in the present invention is used after being processed into polymers such as polyester and polyamide. Can do things.
- succinic acid or a composition containing the succinic acid obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used for food-added carohydrates, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the like.
- Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis ISWl 214) was cultured in lOmL until the late logarithmic growth phase, and the cells were collected. The obtained cells were suspended in 0.15 mL of a 10 mM NaCl / 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0) / lmM EDTA '2Na solution containing lysozyme at a concentration of 10 mg / mL.
- proteinase K was added to the above suspension to a final concentration of 100 ⁇ gZmL, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Further, sodium dodecinole sulfate was added to the mixture so that the final concentration was 0.5%, and the mixture was incubated at 50 ° C for 6 hours to lyse the cells. Add an equal volume of phenol / chloroform solution to the lysate, shake gently at room temperature for 10 minutes, and centrifuge the whole (5, OOO X g, 20 minutes, 10-12 ° C). The supernatant fraction was collected, sodium acetate was added to a concentration of 0.3 M, and twice the amount of ethanol was added and mixed.
- the precipitate collected by centrifugation (15,000 OX g, 2 minutes) was washed with 70% ethanol and air-dried.
- To the obtained DNA was added 5 mL of a 10 mM Tris buffer ( ⁇ 7.5) _lmM EDTA ′ 2Na solution, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for use as a subsequent type I DNA for PCR.
- the DNA prepared in (A) above was used as type III, and a synthetic DNA (sequence) designed based on the previously reported base sequence 1J (GenBank Database Accession No.X02730) of the gene was used. This was performed by PCR using No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2).
- Reaction mixture composition Type 1 DNA 1 L, Pfx DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1x concentration attached buffer, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ each primer, lmM MgSO, 0.25 ⁇
- MdNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ l.
- Reaction temperature conditions Using a DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 (manufactured by MJ Research), a cycle consisting of 94 ° C for 20 seconds and 68 ° C for 2 minutes was repeated 35 times. However, the heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 68 ° C in the final cycle was 5 minutes.
- the amplification products were confirmed by separation by 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: FMC BioProducts) gel electrophoresis and visualization by bromide dye staining. As a result, a fragment of about 2 kb was detected.
- the target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment is phosphorylated at the 5 'end with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4), and then is ligated with an E. coli vector (pBluescriptll: STRATEGENE) using a ligation kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo).
- E. coli DH5 strain
- the recombinant E. coli obtained in this manner is LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal [10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extratato, 5 g of NaCl and 15 g of agar are dissolved in 1 L of distilled water. ].
- the clone which formed a white colony on this medium was then transferred to an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and 10% sucrose and cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours.
- these clones those that could not grow on a medium containing sucrose were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified.
- Strains in which the SacB gene is functionally expressed in E. coli should be unable to grow on sucrose-containing media.
- the restriction enzymes Sail and Pstl an inserted fragment of about 2 kb was recognized, and the plasmid was named pBS / SacB.
- Escherichia coli plasmid vector pHSG396 (Takara Shuzo: chloramphenicol resistance marker) 500 ng of the restriction enzyme PshBIl Ounits was allowed to react at 37 ° C for 1 hour, and then recovered by phenol / chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. This was blunt-ended at both ends with a tarenow fragment (K1 enow Fragment: Takara Shuzo), and then ligated with Mlul linker (Takara Shuzo) using a ligation kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo), and cyclized. E. coli (DH5a strain) was transformed. The recombinant E.
- Plasmid DNA was prepared from the obtained clones by a conventional method, and a clone having a restriction enzyme Mlul cleavage site was selected and named pHSG396 Mlu.
- the pBS / SacB constructed in the above (B) was cut with restriction enzymes Sail and Pstl, and then blunt-ended with a tarenow fragment.
- Ligation kit ver.2 (Takarashu) Then, the Mlul linker was ligated using the above method, and a DNA fragment of about 2. Okb containing the SacB gene was separated and recovered by 0.75% agarose gel electrophoresis.
- the SacB gene fragment was digested with the restriction enzyme Mlul, and ligated with a pHSG396Mlu fragment whose terminal was dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase (Alkaline Phosphatase Calf intestine: Takara Shuzo) using Ligation Kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo).
- E. coli DH5 strain was transformed.
- the recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 34 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol.
- the kanamycin resistance gene was obtained by PCR using the DNA of Escherichia coli plasmid vector PHSG299 (Takara Shuzo: kanamycin resistance marker) as type III and the synthetic DNAs shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4 as primers.
- Reaction solution composition Type I DNAlng, Pyrobest DNA polymerase (Takara Shuzo) 0.1 ⁇ L, 1x concentration attached buffer, 0.5 ⁇ M each primer and 0.25 ⁇ MdNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ M.
- Reaction temperature condition using DNA thermal cycler one PTC_200 (MJResearch Co.), 94 0 C in 20 ⁇ , 62 0 C in 15 ⁇ , the Saikunore comprising 1 minute 20 ⁇ force et at 72 0 C Repeated 20 times.
- the heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 72 ° C in the final cycle was 5 minutes.
- amplification products were confirmed by separation by gel electrophoresis of 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts), and visualization by chidium bromide staining. Fragments were detected.
- the target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN). The recovered DNA fragment was phosphorylated at the 5 ′ end with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4).
- E Construction of kanamycin resistant SacB vector
- the approximately 3.5 kb DNA fragment obtained by cleaving the pCMB1 constructed in the above (C) with restriction enzymes Van91 I and Seal was separated and collected by 0.75% agarose gel electrophoresis. This was mixed with the kanamycin resistance gene prepared in (D) above and ligated using Ligation Kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo), and Escherichia coli (DH5a strain) was transformed with the obtained plasmid DNA. .
- the recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid DNA prepared from the same strain was judged to be incorrect or missing in the structure shown in Fig. 1 due to the fact that fragments of 354, 473, 1807, and 1997 bp were generated by digestion with Hindlll restriction enzyme.
- the plasmid was named pKMBl.
- a medium (urea 2g, (NH) SO 7g, KH PO 0.5g, K HPO 0.5g, MgSO-7
- Genomic DNA was prepared by the method shown in (A) of Example 1 above.
- the DNA prepared in the above (A) was used as a type II, and a synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 5) designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene described in JP-A-11-206385. PCR was performed using SEQ ID NO: 6).
- Reaction solution composition Type 1 DNA 1 ⁇ L, Taq DNA polymerase (Takara Shuzo) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1x attached buffer 1, 0.2 ⁇ Mix each primer, 0.25 ⁇ MdNTPs, and mix up to 20 ⁇ l.
- Taq DNA polymerase Takara Shuzo
- Reaction temperature conditions Using a DNA thermal cycler PTC_200 (manufactured by MJ Research), a cycle consisting of 94 ° C for 20 seconds, 55 ° C for 20 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute was repeated 30 times. However The heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 72 ° C in the final cycle was 5 minutes.
- the amplification products were confirmed by separation by gel electrophoresis of 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts), and visualization by chidium bromide staining. Fragments were detected.
- the target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQ uick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment is mixed with a PCR product cloning vector pGEM_TEasy (manufactured by Promega), ligated using Ligation Kit ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo), and Escherichia coli (DH5a Strain).
- the recombinant E. coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g ZmL ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal.
- the strain grown on this medium was subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified.
- the resulting plasmid DNA was cut with restriction enzymes Sad and Sphl to select a clone in which an inserted fragment of about 0.75 kb was recognized, and this was named pGEMT / ALDH.
- Plasmid DNA was purified.
- the obtained plasmid DNA was cut with restriction enzymes Sad and Sphl, and a plasmid in which an inserted fragment of about 0.75 kb was recognized was selected and named pKMBl / ALDH (FIG. 2).
- Plasmid DNA used for the transformation of Brevibata teridium 'Flavam MJ-233 strain was prepared from E. coli JM110 strain transformed by the calcium chloride method using pKMBl / ALDH in the calcium chloride method (loumal of Molecular Biology, 53, 159, 1970). did.
- Brevibataterum 'Flavum MJ-233 strain (FERM BP-1497) was prepared by a conventional method (Wolf H et al., J. Bacteriol. 1983, 156 (3) 1165-1170, Kurusu Y et al "Agric The endogenous plasmid was removed (cured) according to Biol Chem. 1990, 54 (2) 443-7), and the resulting plasmid-clearing strain Brevibataterum 'Flavam MJ233-ES strain was used for subsequent transformation. Transformation of Brevibataterium 'Flavam MJ233-ES strain was performed by an electric pulse method (Res. Microbiol., Vol. 144, p.
- the homologous recombinant strain was liquid-cultured in an LBG medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of kanamycin. About 1 million equivalents of the number of cells in this culture were smeared on an LBG medium containing 10% sucrose. As a result, about 10 strains that were considered to be sucrose-insensitive due to the loss of the SacB gene by the second homologous recombination were obtained.
- the strains thus obtained include those in which the ratate dehydrogenase gene has been replaced by a mutant derived from pKM BlZ A LDH and those which have returned to the wild type.
- the cells obtained by liquid culture in LBG medium should be directly subjected to the PCR reaction to detect the ratate dehydrogenase gene. Can be easily confirmed.
- Analysis using the primers (SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8) for amplifying the ratate dehydrogenase gene should reveal a DNA fragment of 720 bp for the wild type and 471 bp for the mutant having the deletion region. is there.
- Brevibataterium 'Flavum MJ233 / ⁇ LDH strain prepared in (D) above was inoculated into medium A, and cultured at 30 ° C. for 15 hours under aerobic shaking. The obtained culture is centrifuged (3,000 X g, 4 ° C, 20 minutes) to collect the cells, and then a sodium-phosphate buffer [composition: 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (PH7.3)] ].
- 0.5 g (wet weight) of the washed cells was suspended in 2 mL of the above sodium-phosphate buffer, and the suspension was subjected to an ultrasonic homogenizer (manufactured by Branson) under ice cooling to obtain a cell homogenate.
- the crushed product was centrifuged (10, OOO X g, 4 ° C, 30 minutes) to obtain a supernatant as a crude enzyme solution.
- a crude enzyme solution of Brevibataterium 'Flavam MJ233-ES strain was prepared in the same manner and subjected to the following activity measurement.
- the ratate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was confirmed by measuring the oxidation of coenzyme NADH to NAD + with the generation of lactic acid using pyruvate as a change in the absorbance of 340 ⁇ m for both crude enzyme solutions. Kanarek and R ⁇ .Hill, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 4202 (1964)]. The reaction was carried out at 37 ° C. in the presence of 50 mM potassium monophosphate buffer (pH 7.2), 10 mM pyruvate, and 0.4 mM NADH.
- ratato dehydrogenase activity in the crude enzyme solution prepared from Brevibataterum 'Flavum MJ233-ES strain was lower than that in crude enzyme solution prepared from Brevibatatellium' Flavum MJ233 / ALDH strain. Tate dehydrogenase activity was less than one tenth.
- This promoter fragment was obtained by synthesizing the Brevibatatellium flavum MJ233 genomic DNA prepared in (A) of Example 2 into type III and designing it based on the sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 4 of JP-A-7-95891. This was performed by PCR using DNA (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10).
- Reaction solution composition Type 1 DNA 1 ⁇ L, Pfx DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1-fold concentration attached buffer, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ each primer, ImM MgSO, 0.25 ⁇ l
- MdNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ l.
- Reaction temperature conditions 94, using DNA Thermal Cycler PTC_200 (manufactured by MJ Research). 20 C, 60 C. 20 C, 72 in C. In C, he regained the power of 30 hectares and 35 times of the cycling reef. However, the heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 72 ° C in the final cycle was 2 minutes.
- Amplification products were confirmed by separation by gel electrophoresis on 2.0% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: FMCBioProducts) and visualization by chidium bromide staining. Detected. The target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment is phosphorylated at the 5 'end with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4), and then is ligated with an E. coli vector PUC19 (ligase kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo)). Plasmid that binds to the Smal site of Takara Shuzo E. coli (DH5a strain) was transformed with the DNA. The recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal.
- Plasmid DNA was purified. From the obtained plasmid DNAs, those cut by the restriction enzyme Notl were selected and named PUC / TZ4-SD.
- PHSG298par_rep described in JP-A No. 12-93183 is used as a plasmid capable of autonomously replicating stably in coryneform bacteria.
- This plasmid contains the replication region and stabilizing function of the natural plasmid pBY503, which is contained in the Brevibataterium 'Statios IFIF 144144 strain, the kanamycin resistance gene derived from the E. coli vector PHSG298 (Takara Shuzo), and the replication region of E. coli. Is provided.
- the strain grown on this medium was subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified. From the obtained plasmid DNAs, those cut by the restriction enzyme Notl were selected, and the plasmid was named PTZ4 (the construction procedure is shown in FIG. 3).
- Reaction temperature conditions Using a DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 (manufactured by MJ Research), a cycle consisting of 94 ° C for 20 seconds and 68 ° C for 4 minutes was repeated 35 times. However, the heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 68 ° C in the final cycle was 10 minutes. After completion of the PCR reaction, 0.1 ⁇ L of Takara Ex Taq (Takara Shuzo) was added, and the mixture was further incubated at 72 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the amplification product was confirmed by separation by gel electrophoresis of 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts), and visualization by chidium bromide staining. Fragments were detected.
- the target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment is mixed with a PCR product cloning vector pGEM-TEasy (manufactured by Promega) and ligated using a ligation kit ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo). DH5a strain).
- the recombinant E. coli thus obtained is spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal. It was.
- the base sequence of the inserted fragment of pGEMZMJPC was determined using a base sequence decoding device (Model 377XL) manufactured by Applied Biosystems and a big dye terminator one-cycle sequence kit ver3.
- the resulting DNA nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NO: 15. Since this amino acid sequence has extremely high homology (99.4%) with that of the strain Corynebacterium 'Gnoretami tandem ATCC13032', the inserted fragment of pGE M / MJPC is derived from Brevibataterum 'Flavum MJ233' It was determined that the gene was a pyruvate carboxylase gene.
- This DNA fragment was mixed with PTZ4 constructed in Example 3>, which was to be cleaved with restriction enzymes Pacl and Apal, and ligated using Ligation Kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo). Escherichia coli (DH5a strain) was transformed with the resulting plasmid DNA. The recombinant E. coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the strain grown on this medium was subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified.
- the resulting plasmid DNA was digested with the restriction enzymes Pacl and Apal to select those having an inserted fragment of about 3.7 kb, which was named pMJPCl (FIG. 4).
- Plasmid DNA for transformation with pMJPCl capable of replication in Brevibatadium 'Flavum MJ233 strain was prepared from E. coli (DH5a strain) transformed in the above (B).
- Transformation of Brevibataterum 'Flavam MJ233Z A LDH strain was carried out by an electric pulse method (Res. Microbiol., Vol. 144, p. 181-185, 1993), and the resulting transformant was obtained.
- LBG agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of kanamycin [dissolve 10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extratato, 5 g of NaCl, 20 g of glucose, and 15 g of agar in 1 L of distilled water].
- the transformant strain Brevibataterium 'Flavam MJ233ZPCZ ⁇ LDH strain obtained in the above (C) was cultured overnight in 100 ml of A medium containing 2% glucose and 25 mg / L kanamycin.
- the obtained cells were collected, washed with 50 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and resuspended in 20 ml of a buffer having the same composition.
- the suspension was crushed with SONIFIER 350 (manufactured by BRANS ⁇ N), and the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was used as a cell-free extract.
- the pyruvate carboxylase activity was measured using the obtained cell-free extract.
- Enzyme activity was measured using lOOmM Tris / HCl buffer (pH 7.5), O.lmg / lOml biotin, 5mM magnesium chloride, 50mM sodium bicarbonate, 5mM sodium pyruvate, 5mM adenosine triphosphate, 0.32mM NADH, The reaction was carried out at 25 ° C in a reaction solution containing 20 units / 1.5 ml malate dehydrogenase (manufactured by WAKO, derived from yeast) and the enzyme. 1 U was the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of 1 ⁇ mol NADH per minute.
- the specific activity in the cell-free extract in which pyruvate carboxylase was expressed was 0.2 U / mg protein.
- the pyruvate carboxylase activity was not detected by the present activity measurement method in the cells in which the parent strain MJ233 / ⁇ LDH strain was similarly cultured using the A medium.
- Escherichia coli (Eschericia coli) strain JM109 was cultured in 10 mL of an LB medium until the late logarithmic growth phase, and the obtained cells were prepared as genomic DNA by the method shown in (A) of Example 1 above.
- the Escherichia coli fumarate reductase gene was obtained by converting the DNA prepared in (A) above into type III and using the sequence of the gene of Escherichia coli K12-MG1655 (whose whole genome sequence was reported) (PCR was performed using synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18) designed based on GenBank Database Accession No. U00096).
- Reaction solution composition 1 ⁇ L of type I DNA, 0.2 ⁇ L of Pfx DNA polymerase (manufactured by Invitrogen), 1-fold concentration attached buffer, 0.3 ⁇ each primer, ImM MgSO
- MdNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ l.
- Reaction temperature conditions DNA thermal cycler Using a PTC-200 manufactured by MJ Research, a cycle consisting of 94 ° C for 20 seconds and 68 ° C for 4 minutes was repeated 35 times. However, the heat retention at 94 ° C in the first cycle was 1 minute and 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 68 ° C in the final cycle was 10 minutes. After completion of the PCR reaction, 0.1 ⁇ L of Takara Ex Taq (Takara Shuzo) was added, and the mixture was further incubated at 72 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the amplification products were confirmed by separation by gel electrophoresis of 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts), and visualization by chidium bromide staining. Fragments were detected.
- the target DNA fragment was recovered from the gel using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment was mixed with a PCR product cloning vector pT7Blue T—Vector (manufactured by Novagen) and ligated using Ligation Kit ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo). (DH5a strain). Was smeared recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained in the LB agar medium containing 50 beta g / mL ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mLX-Gal.
- Plasmid DNA was purified. By cutting the obtained plasmid DNA with the restriction enzymes Hindlll and Kpnl, an inserted fragment of about 3.9 kb was recognized and named pFRD6.0.
- nucleotide sequence of the inserted fragment of pFRD6.0 was determined using a nucleotide sequence decoding device (Model 377XL) manufactured by Applied Biosystems and a Big Dye Terminator One-Cycle Sequence Kit Ver3. The resulting DNA nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20-23.
- the strain grown on this medium was subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified. From the obtained plasmid DNAs, those cut by the restriction enzyme Ndel were selected and named pMJPC1.1.
- E. coli Escherichia coli (DH5a strain) was transformed with the obtained plasmid DNA.
- the recombinant E. coli thus obtained was spread on an LB agar medium containing 50 / g / mL kanamycin.
- the strain grown on this medium was subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then the plasmid DNA was purified. From the obtained plasmid DNA, fragments of 505, 2132, 2675, 3775 and 4193 bp were generated by restriction enzyme Hind III, and it was judged that the structure shown in FIG. 5 was correct. l.
- the transformant strain Brevibataterum 'Flavam MJ233 / FRDZPC / ALDHH strain obtained in (B) above was cultured overnight in 100 ml of A medium containing 2% glucose and 25 mg / L kanamycin.
- the obtained cells were collected, washed with 50 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and resuspended in 20 ml of a buffer having the same composition.
- the suspension was disrupted with SONIFIER 350 (manufactured by BR ANSON), and the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was used as a cell-free extract.
- the fumarate reductase activity was measured using the obtained cell-free extract.
- the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Fe (CN) was used.
- the specific activity of fumarate reductase in the cell-free extract in which plasmid pFRPC1.1 was expressed was 0.02 U / mg-protein.
- the specific activity was 0.01 U / mg-protein in the cells of the parent strain, MJ233 / ALDH strain, which were similarly cultured using the A medium.
- SDH succinate dehydrogenase
- a DNA fragment containing each gene of sdhC_sdhA_sdhB that forms an operon is prepared by using the chromosomal DNA of Brevibataterium flavum MJ233 as a type I, and using a synthetic DNA having the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 26 and 27 as a primer.
- SEQ ID NO: 28 was obtained by PCR.
- the PCR reaction was performed using KOD-PLUS- (manufactured by Toyobo) for one cycle of incubation at 94 ° C for 5 minutes, followed by denaturation at 94 ° C for 15 seconds, association at 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72 ° C for 4 minutes. The cycle was repeated 25 times.
- the resulting PCR product was purified by a conventional method and then digested with Smal. After digesting this DNA fragment and pVK7 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-215883) with Sail, flatten it with DNA blunting Kit (Takara Bio). The lubricated DNA fragments were mixed and ligated with Ligation Kit ver.2 (Takara Bio).
- This plasmid is used to transform a competent cell of Escherichia coli JM109 (Takara Bio Inc.), spread on an LB medium containing 25 / ig / ml of kanamycin (hereinafter abbreviated as Km), and culture the cells.
- Km kanamycin
- FIG. 6 shows the construction process of pVKSDH.
- This DNA was used to transform a competent cell of Escherichia coli JM109 (Takara Bio Inc.), and chloramphenicol (hereinafter abbreviated as Cm) 25 ⁇ g / ml, X-Gal 50 ⁇ g / ml, and IPTG ImM were added.
- pFRPCl.l which is a plasmid carrying the feverate reductase gene derived from Escherichia coli 'coli and the pyc gene derived from Flebium bateridium' flavum described in Example 6, with Kpnl and Ndel, the fumarate derived from Escherichia coli ' The remaining region excluding the reductase gene can be recovered as one fragment. Therefore, pFRPCl.l was digested with Kpnl and Ndel, blunt-ended, and the remaining partial DNA fragment excluding the fumarate reductase gene was recovered.
- the DNA fragment containing sdhC, sdhA, and sdhB obtained by digesting pHSGSDH with Xbal and Sse8387I was blunt-ended to the recovered DNA fragment, and then ligated.
- a competent cell of Escherichia coli JM109 manufactured by Takara Bio Inc. was transformed, applied to an LB medium containing Km25 / g / ml, and cultured overnight. Thereafter, the emerged colonies were picked, and single colonies were separated to obtain transformants.
- Plasmids were extracted from the transformants, and those in which the frdA, frdB, frdC, and frdD genes had been removed and a DNA fragment containing sdhC, sdhA, and sdhB had been inserted were named pSDHPC (FIG. 8).
- the pVKSDH and pSDHPC obtained in Examples 7 and 8 are capable of autonomous replication in coryneform bacterium cells. Thus, coryneform bacteria were transformed with this plasmid to obtain transformants.
- the MJ233 / ⁇ LDH strain constructed in Example 2 was transformed with pVKSDH and pSDHPC using the electric pulse method, and a CM-Dex medium containing 25 ⁇ g / ml of kanamycin (glucose 5 g / L, polypeptone 10 g / L, Yeast Extra Tato 10g / L, KH PO
- MJ233 / SDH / PC / ALDH the plasmid pVK7 and the plasmid pMJPCl constructed in Example 4 were also introduced into the MJ233 / ⁇ LDH strain using the above-described method to prepare a control strain.
- the transformants thus obtained were designated as MJ233 / ⁇ LDH / pVK7 and MJ233 / PC / ALDH, respectively.
- Urea 4 g, ammonium sulfate: 14 g, potassium monophosphate: 0.5 g, potassium phosphate 0.5 g, magnesium sulfate ⁇ 7 hydrate: 0.5 g, ferrous sulfate ⁇ 7 hydrate: 20 mg, Manganese sulfate ⁇ hydrate: 20 mg, D-biotin: 200 / ig, thiamine hydrochloride: 200 ⁇ g, yeast extract: lg, power zamino acid: lg, and distilled water: lOOOOmL of medium lOOmL into a 500mL Erlenmeyer flask Heat sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes.
- Urea 12 g, ammonium sulfate: 42 g, potassium monophosphate: 1.5 g, potassium diphosphate 1.5 g, magnesium sulfate ⁇ heptahydrate: 1.5 g, sulfuric acid Ferrous iron heptahydrate: 60 mg, manganese sulfate 'hydrate: 60 mg, D-pyotin: 600 ⁇ g, thiamine hydrochloride: 600 ⁇ , yeast extract 3 g, casamino acid 3 g, defoamer (Adekinol LG294 : Asahi Denka): lmL and distilled water: 2500mL of the medium was placed in a 5L fermenter, and sterilized by heating at 120 ° C for 20 minutes.
- Adekinol LG294 Asahi Denka
- the culture solution obtained by the above main culture was added to the cells collected by centrifugation at 8,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and resuspended to an OD (660 ⁇ m) of 60. .
- 200 mL of this suspension and 200 mL of a previously sterilized 20% dulcose solution were mixed in a 1-L jar armmenter, and kept at 35 ° C.
- the pH was maintained at 7.6 using 2M ammonium carbonate, and the reaction was carried out with aeration at 100 mL per minute and stirring at 400 revolutions per minute.
- a suspension for reaction was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 described above, and the pH was maintained at 7.6 using 2M ammonium carbonate, and the reaction was carried out without aeration and stirring at 200 rpm. Approximately 40 hours after the start of the reaction, gnorecose was almost consumed. The sugar consumption rate was 2.50 g / L / h, the succinic acid production rate was 1.35 g / L / h, and the yield was 78.4%.
- the Brevibatatellium 'Flavam MJ233 / PC / ⁇ LDH strain prepared in Example 4 (C) was When reacted in the same manner, the sugar consumption rate was 2.38 g / L / h, the succinic acid production rate was 1.21 g / L / h, and the yield was 74.4%.
- a suspension for reaction was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 above, and the pH was maintained at 7.6 using 2M sodium carbonate, and the reaction was carried out in the same manner. About 28 hours after the start of the reaction, glucose was almost consumed. The sugar consumption rate was 3.60 g / L / h, the succinic acid production rate was 2.27 g / L / h, and the yield was 82.8%.
- a suspension for reaction was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 described above, and the pH was maintained at 7.6 using 2M ammonium carbonate, and the reaction was carried out without aeration and stirring at 200 rpm. Approximately 32 hours after the start of the reaction, gnorecose was almost consumed. The sugar consumption rate was 3.13 g / L / h, the succinic acid production rate was 1.80 g / L / h, and the yield was 97.1%.
- MJ233 / ALDH / pVK7 Culture for succinic acid production was carried out as follows using Brevibataterium flavum strains MJ233 / ALDH / pVK7 and MJ233 / SDH / PC / ALDH.
- MJ233 / ALDH / pVK7 strain obtained by culturing on CM-Dex plate medium (containing 25 ⁇ g / ml
- MJ233 / SDH / PC / ALDH strain cells were seeded with 3 ml of seed medium (glucose 10 g / L, (NH 2) SO
- Shaking culture was performed in a test tube at 31.5 ° C for about 15 hours.
- the accumulated amount of succinic acid and by-product acetic acid in the culture solution can be determined by appropriately diluting the culture solution. After that, it was analyzed by liquid chromatography.
- the column used was two Shim-pack SCR-102H (Simazu) connected in series, and the sample was eluted at 40 ° C using 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid. Neutralize the eluate with a 20 mM Bis-Tris aqueous solution containing 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid and 100 ⁇ M EDTA, and measure succinic acid and acetic acid by measuring electric conductivity with CDD-IOAD (Simazu) did. Table 2 shows the results.
- the yield of the MJ233 / SDH / ⁇ LDH strain was about 4% higher than that of the MJ233 / ⁇ LDH / pVK7 strain in which the vector plasmid was introduced into the same host. Malic acid accumulation decreased by 3.6 g / L and fumaric acid accumulation decreased by 0.5 g / L.
- yeast extract lg / L was inoculated into yeast extract lg / L) 3ml, about 15 hours with shaking cultured at the test tube at 31.5 ° C at aerobic conditions went.
- MgO 142.8 g / L
- succinic acid-producing culture was performed by tightly closing with a silicon stopper to prevent aeration.
- the culture was shaken at 31.5 ° C for about 48 hours, and the culture was terminated before the sugar in the medium was exhausted.
- succinic acid can be produced quickly and efficiently.
- the obtained succinic acid can be used for food additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and the like. Further, it is advantageous to produce a succinic acid-containing polymer by performing a polymerization reaction using the obtained succinic acid as a raw material.
Abstract
Description
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1875108A (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
CN100575496C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
US7763447B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
EP1672077A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
EP1672077A4 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
EP1672077B1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US20060205048A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
BRPI0413403A (pt) | 2006-10-17 |
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