WO2004114315A1 - 不揮発性メモリを駆動する方法 - Google Patents
不揮発性メモリを駆動する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004114315A1 WO2004114315A1 PCT/JP2004/009253 JP2004009253W WO2004114315A1 WO 2004114315 A1 WO2004114315 A1 WO 2004114315A1 JP 2004009253 W JP2004009253 W JP 2004009253W WO 2004114315 A1 WO2004114315 A1 WO 2004114315A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000618 GeSbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0004—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising amorphous/crystalline phase transition cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0071—Write using write potential applied to access device gate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0073—Write using bi-directional cell biasing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/30—Resistive cell, memory material aspects
- G11C2213/31—Material having complex metal oxide, e.g. perovskite structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
- H10B63/30—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/841—Electrodes
- H10N70/8413—Electrodes adapted for resistive heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for driving a nonvolatile memory.
- phase change memory device a memory device that is ultra-highly integrated and capable of nonvolatile operation.
- This device has a relatively simple structure in which a phase change material composed of multiple chalcogen elements is sandwiched between two electrode materials. A current flows between the two electrodes, and Joule heat is applied to the phase change material. By changing the crystal state of the phase change material between the amorphous phase and the crystal phase, a one-time recording is realized.
- a phase change material composed of multiple chalcogen elements is sandwiched between two electrode materials. A current flows between the two electrodes, and Joule heat is applied to the phase change material.
- a one-time recording is realized.
- a GeSbTe-based phase change material a plurality of crystal phases are usually mixed in the material, and in principle, the resistance between two electrodes is changed in an analog manner. Is also possible. Therefore, these phase change materials are expected to be applied not only to digital memories but also to analog memories capable of recording multi-values.
- Patent Document 1 U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,716 by Ovshinsky (hereinafter, referred to as Patent Document 1) is a document indicating a technical level relating to a phase change memory.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are circuit diagrams of a phase-change memory cell, a cross-sectional view of a resistance-change element using a phase-change material
- FIGS. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating current-voltage characteristics of a resistance changing element.
- the circuit diagram shown in (a) is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit diagram disclosed in Patent Document 2 described above.
- This phase change memory cell is connected to a field effect transistor (hereinafter abbreviated as MOS) 90, a resistance change element 91 made of a phase change material having a memory function, a data input / output bit line BL, and a gate electrode.
- MOS field effect transistor
- a word line WL for turning on / off the MOS 90 to perform data input / output control and a current or voltage supply unit VA are provided.
- the resistance change element 91 is formed, for example, as shown in (b). That is, the resistance change element 91 includes an upper electrode 100, a phase change material film 101 such as GeSbTe (germanium, antimony, tellurium), an interlayer insulating film 103 such as a silicon oxide film, and a metal acting as a heat source.
- a plug 104 and a lower electrode 105 are provided.
- the crystal state of the phase change region 102 in the phase change material film 101 in contact with the electrode plug 104 changes as described later. As shown by the dotted line in FIG.
- phase change material film 101 (FIG. 12)
- the phase change region 102) of (b) is crystallized to be in a low resistance state (hereinafter also referred to as a set state).
- a current equal to or more than a predetermined threshold current Ith may be passed through the variable-resistance element and then rapidly cooled.
- the low current region I / I th 0.6 (approximately 0.45 V or less at applied voltage) ) Must be read.
- the voltage applied to the voltage supply unit VA at the time of reading the resistance value must be set to 0.45 V or less.
- An object of the present invention is to operate a non-volatile memory cell using a MOS in which a gate and a substrate are electrically connected as a switch element with low power consumption and high performance in order to solve the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a driving method capable of performing the following.
- a method for driving a nonvolatile memory according to a first aspect of the present invention which achieves the above object, comprises an n-channel field-effect transistor in which a gate and a substrate are electrically connected, a first terminal, and a second terminal. A first terminal connected to a source of the field effect transistor, a resistance change element formed using a phase change material, and arranged in a two-dimensional array. A plurality of memory cells, A lead line connected to the gate of the memory cell in each row;
- variable resistance element included in the first memory cell When the variable resistance element included in the first memory cell is set to the high resistance state, an initial voltage is applied to all the read lines and the bit lines connected to the first memory cell; and A first resetting step of applying a first voltage higher than the initial voltage to bit lines other than the bit lines connected to the first memory cell and the voltage supply unit;
- the word line connected to the first memory cell is higher than the first rising voltage of the pn junction of the field effect transistor with respect to the initial voltage, is equal to or higher than the first voltage, and A second reset step of causing a reset current to flow through the resistance change element provided in the first memory cell by applying a second voltage smaller than the sum of the first voltage and the rising voltage.
- the initial voltage is applied to all the read lines and the bit lines connected to the second memory cell. And applying a third voltage higher than the initial voltage to bit lines other than the bit lines connected to the second memory cell and the voltage supply unit;
- a ground line connected to the first memory cell is higher than a forward voltage of a P11 junction of the field-effect transistor with respect to the initial voltage, is equal to or higher than the third voltage, and Applying a fourth voltage smaller than the sum of the third voltage and the rising voltage to cause a set current to flow through the resistance change element provided in the second memory cell;
- a third setting step of applying the initial voltage to a wire connected to the second memory cell In order,
- a fifth voltage is applied to a read line connected to the third memory cell, so that the third memory cell includes the third voltage.
- the third memory is turned on by turning on the electric field effect transistor and generating a potential difference between the bit line connected to the third memory cell and the voltage supply unit to cause a current to flow.
- a first reading step of detecting a value of a current flowing through the resistance variable element provided in the cell as a magnitude of a current flowing through the bit line is executed.
- a method of driving a nonvolatile memory according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a p-channel field-effect transistor in which a gate and a substrate are electrically connected, a first terminal and a second terminal.
- a first terminal connected to a source of the field effect transistor, a variable resistance element formed using a phase change material, and arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- a lead line connected to the gate of the memory cells in each row;
- variable resistance element included in the first memory cell When the variable resistance element included in the first memory cell is set to the high resistance state, an initial voltage is applied to all the read lines and the bit lines connected to the first memory cell; and Applying a first voltage lower than the initial voltage to bit lines other than the bit lines connected to the first memory cell and the voltage supply unit; a mode connected to the first memory cell; Line, the field effect
- a second reset current is supplied to the resistance change element included in the first memory cell by applying a forward rising current to the pn junction in the evening and applying a second voltage smaller than the initial voltage.
- the initial voltage is applied to all the read lines and the bit lines connected to the second memory cell, A first setting step of applying a third voltage smaller than the initial voltage to bit lines other than the bit lines connected to the second memory cell and the voltage supply unit;
- a forward rising current flows through a pn junction of the field-effect transistor through a lead line connected to the second memory cell, and a current is smaller than the initial voltage.
- a fifth voltage is applied to a word line connected to the third memory cell, and the third memory cell includes Turning on the field effect transistor, and generating a potential difference between the bit line connected to the third memory cell and the voltage supply unit to cause a current to flow, so that the third memory cell A first reading step of detecting a value of a current flowing through the variable resistance element included in the bit line as a magnitude of a current flowing through the bit line.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a nonvolatile memory to which a driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing gate voltage-drain current characteristics of M ⁇ S and DTMOS that can be used in the semiconductor circuit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the phase change memory cell represented by the circuit diagram of FIG. 1, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a plan view taken along line XX ′ of (a). (C) is a sectional view taken along the line YY 'of the plan view (a).
- Figure 4 shows a two-dimensional array in which the semiconductor circuit shown in Figure 1 is arranged in a two-dimensional array. It is a circuit diagram showing a memory.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart for setting the variable resistance element to a high resistance state when using the n-channel DTMOS in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for setting the resistance change elements of all the memory cells to a high resistance state when the n-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart for setting the resistance changing element to a low resistance state when the n-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart for reading the resistance value of the variable resistance element when the n-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart for setting the resistance change element to a high resistance state when the p-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart for setting the variable resistance element to a low resistance state when the p-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart for reading the resistance value of the variable resistance element when the p-channel DTMOS is used in the two-dimensional array memory shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams for explaining a phase change memory cell using a MOS according to the prior art, wherein FIG. 12A is a circuit diagram of the phase change memory cell, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a resistance change element using a material, and (c) is a view showing current-voltage characteristics of a resistance change element using a phase change material.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a nonvolatile memory to which a driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- This non-volatile memory consists of an n-channel MOS transistor 1 in which the gate terminal G and the substrate potential control terminal U are electrically connected, and a phase change such as GeSbTe (germanium / antimony / tellurium).
- the resistance changing element 2 using the material Have.
- One memory cell is constituted by these two elements 1 and 2.
- the first terminal R 1 is M ⁇ S
- What is connected to the voltage supply terminal VA is not limited to the voltage supply source, but may be a current supply source.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing gate voltage (Vg) -drain current (Isd) characteristics of normal MOS and DTMOS.
- Vg gate voltage
- Isd drain current
- the drain current I sd larger than the normal M ⁇ S is obtained at all gate voltages Vg except near 0 V, and the sub-threshold slope is an ideal value of 6 OmV / dec. It can be seen that it is.
- this current value can be obtained with a gate voltage of about 0.95 V in a DTMOS.
- the gate voltage must be increased to about 1.5V.
- the gate applied voltage at reset can be reduced by about 40%, power consumption can be reduced, and the reading speed is greatly improved. It turns out that it becomes possible. It is clear that the set operation performed when the drain current Isd is 1 mA or less can be achieved by applying a lower voltage. Furthermore, when the device is designed to obtain the same drive current, the drive current is proportional to the ratio W / L of the channel width W to the channel length L of the device. It goes without saying that the area can be reduced. Next, in order to realize a memory cell with a small occupation area, the channel width W and the length The case where the ratio WZL is designed to be 2 (1/10 in the case of Fig. 2) will be described.
- the drain current I sd is 1/10 of the value shown in Fig. 2.
- the gate voltage Vg must be increased to 3 V or more.
- the p-channel DTMOS also has the same characteristics as described above and an advantage over the ordinary P-channel MOS.
- the polarity of the voltage applied to each terminal is opposite to that of the n-channel DTMOS.
- the conductivity type of the substrate is n-type
- the conductivity types of the source and drain are p + -type
- a p + n junction is formed. Therefore, the gate voltage V source (or drain) to the G voltage V s, i.e. V s - if V G is p + n forward rise voltage V F above bonding, towards the gate from the source (or drain) direction Then, a diode forward current that is larger than the channel current during normal operation of the MOS transistor flows.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a phase change memory cell formed according to the semiconductor circuit shown in FIG.
- A is a plan view showing a phase change memory cell formed by stacking a DTMOS and a resistance change element using a phase change material on an SOI (Si 1 icon On Insulator) substrate.
- B and (c) are cross-sectional views taken along line XX 'and YY' of the plan view).
- the phase change memory cell is formed in a stacked structure of a silicon substrate 20, a buried oxide film 21, an element isolation oxide film 10, and an interlayer insulating film 18. It has a DTMOS and a variable resistance element.
- the DTMOS includes a drain region 12, a source region 13, a polysilicon gate pattern 14, and a gate oxide film 19 such as a silicon oxide film.
- the resistance change element has a phase change A membrane 22 and a heater electrode 23 are provided.
- the phase change memory cell is embedded in a metal wiring pattern 17 a to 17 c of aluminum or the like formed on the interlayer insulating film 18, and in a contact window formed in the interlayer insulating film 18.
- metal plugs 15a to l5c and 16 such as sung stainless steel.
- the metal wiring patterns 17 a to l 7 c are connected to the gate pattern 14, the drain region 12, and the source region 13 of the DTMOS via metal plugs 15 a to 15 c, respectively. I have.
- the metal wiring pattern 17a is formed by impurity diffusion in which the impurity opposite to that of the drain region 12 and the source region 13 is diffused through the metal plug 16. It is also connected to area 30. For example, if the drain region 12 and the source region 13 are n +, the impurity diffusion region 30 is p +.
- 3A to 3C the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and in FIG. 3A, the interlayer insulating film 18 is omitted.
- the heater electrode 23 shown in FIG. 3 (b) is made of a material having higher resistivity and higher heat resistance than metal, such as polysilicon, ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (I r), osmium (O s), and their oxidants. That is, when a current flows through the phase change memory cell, the heat generated by the first electrode 23 causes the phase change film 22 at the interface between the first electrode 23 and the phase change film 22 to crystallize. Alternatively, the material and dimensions of the electrode 23 may be determined so that the phase change film 22 can be non-crystallized and the resistance of the phase change film 22 can be controlled.
- metal such as polysilicon, ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (I r), osmium (O s), and their oxidants. That is, when a current flows through the phase change memory cell, the heat generated by the first electrode 23 causes the phase change film 22 at the interface between the first electrode 23 and
- the heater electrode 23 may be made of the same material as the metal plug 15c. In that case, the entire phase change film 22 will be crystallized or non-crystallized, and compared to a case where a material having a higher resistivity than the metal plug 15 c is used for the heater electrode 23. The energy required for resistance value control increases.
- the phase change film 22 can be stacked on the DTMOS and requires only a very small area, so that the area of the entire memory cell is: It is almost determined by the area of the transistor which is a switch element.
- D TM The OS requires an extra metal plug 16 for substrate contact for each element compared to a normal MOS, which increases the memory cell area, but reduces the channel width reduction effect due to the aforementioned increased current driving force. In consideration of this, it is possible to largely reduce the area as a whole.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the case where an SOI substrate is used, a well may be formed on a bulk substrate to control the substrate potential of each element.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an array memory in which the memory cells of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 are arranged two-dimensionally.
- This array memory is composed of a memory cell composed of an n-channel DTMOS 1 and a variable resistance element 2 using a phase change material, and a bit line BL for data input / output (1 is a natural number of 1 to 11).
- a word line WLi (1 is a natural number of 1 to 11) connected to the gate electrode to turn on / off the DTMOS 1 to control data input / output, and a voltage supply unit VA for supplying a voltage.
- I have.
- each bit line BL i is connected to the second terminal R 2 of the variable resistance element 2
- each pad line WL i is connected to the gate terminal G of DTMOS 1
- the voltage supply VA is a drain terminal. Connected to D.
- the first terminal R1 of the variable resistance element 2 is connected to the source terminal of the DTMOS 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 4).
- the voltage supply units VA are all common and are connected to one voltage supply or current supply.
- the method of driving the non-volatile memory shown in FIG. 4 is described below, that is, the reset operation for the resistance change element 2 of each memory cell 1 constituting the two-dimensional array memory (that is, the resistance change element 2
- the operation of setting the resistance change state), the set operation (that is, the operation of setting the resistance change element 2 to the low resistance state), and the resistance reading operation (that is, the operation of reading the resistance state of the resistance change element 2) will be described.
- DTMOS 1 is an n-channel DTMOS.
- DTMOS 1 is a p-channel DTMOS will be described later as a second embodiment.
- the applied voltage to the bit line ⁇ ⁇ is V B
- the applied voltage to the word line WLi is V w
- the forward rising voltage of the pn junction composed of the aforementioned substrate and source (or drain) is V F (> 0)
- the applied voltage to the voltage supply section VA is V A
- the maximum applied voltage during readout that does not cause read disturb is V R (> 0) (in the example of (c) in Fig. 12, About 0.45 V).
- the subscript “1” is added in the reset operation
- the subscript “2” is added in the set operation
- the subscript “3” is added in the resistance reading operation. That is, the voltage applied to the bit line BL; in the reset operation is expressed as “V B1 ”.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing the voltage applied to each line when only the resistance change element 2 of the memory cell (referred to as the first memory cell) connected to the bit line BL 2 and the word line WL 2 is reset. This is a chart.
- the voltage is not limited to 0 V as long as it can maintain the state of DTMOS 1 off and does not affect the state of the force and resistance change element 2. Will be described assuming that the voltage applied to each line is based on the initial voltage.
- the word lines other than the word line WL 2 connected to the first memory cell WI ⁇ (i ⁇ 2) to an initial voltage (preferably 0V) remains is applied.
- an initial voltage preferably 0V
- a forward current of the pn junction flows from the gate terminal G to the source terminal S through the substrate having the p-type impurity. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
- the semiconductor immediately below the gate pattern 14 (hereinafter, the semiconductor in this portion is referred to as an “active region” and is denoted by reference numeral 31) is a p-type and a drain.
- the region 12 and the source region 13 are n-type, and the gate pattern 14 and the active region 31 are a metal plug 15a, an electrode wiring pattern 17a, a metal plug 16 and an impurity diffusion region 30. Are connected so as to be electrically at the same potential. Therefore, the voltage V W1 applied to the gate pattern 1 4 via the word line WL 2 is also applied to the active region 3 1. Since a pn junction is formed between the active region 31 having the p-type impurity and the drain region 12 and the source region 13 each having the n-type impurity, the voltage applied to the active region 31 is The current due to V W1 tends to go to drain region 12 and source region 13.
- the variable resistance element 2 connected to the source terminal S can be reset, that is, brought into a high resistance state.
- the time 1 ⁇ is a time required for melting the phase change material, and may be a short time of, for example, 100 ns or less.
- Wado line WL 2 is also connected to the gate terminal G of the memory cell other than the first memory cell, in those memory cells, the voltage V B 1 equal to the voltage V W1 is applied to the gate terminal G Since the voltage is applied to the bit line BL i (i ⁇ 2), no current flows through the resistance change element 2 without force being applied to the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate. That is, the previously applied voltage V B 1 in the first bit Izumi other than connected to the memory cell bit line BL 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (i ⁇ 2) includes a voltage V W1 is applied to the word line ⁇ 2 This is because the voltage V B 1 is balanced so that no voltage is applied to the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate.
- the voltages of all the lead lines WL; all the bit lines BLi, and the voltage supply VA are returned to the initial voltage (preferably 0 V).
- the initial voltage preferably 0 V.
- V W1 ⁇ V B1 is a condition under which no reverse bias voltage is applied to the pn junction.
- the timing of applying the voltage V B1 to the bit line BLi (i ⁇ 2) is the same as the timing of applying the voltage V A1 to the voltage supply unit VA, if only the voltage V B1 and V A1 is applied both before the voltage V W1 to a predetermined word line WL 2 is applied, either may be applied quickly.
- the timing of returning the voltage of the bit line BLi (i ⁇ 2) and the voltage supply unit VA to the initial voltage (preferably 0 V) the voltage V W1 with a predetermined Wado line WL 2 is returned to the initial voltage As long as it is later, one of them may be returned to the initial voltage earlier.
- a variable resistance element of a memory cell connected to the bit line BL 2 and the word line WL 2 (here, described as a second memory cell in order to specify that the memory cell is not necessarily the same as the first memory cell described above)
- the timing sequence of voltage application to each line is as shown in FIG.
- the timing sequence shown in FIG. 7 is basically the same as the timing sequence of the reset operation shown in FIG.
- This positive voltage that is, the voltage V W2 larger than the initial voltage, is referred to as a “fourth voltage”.
- the initial voltage (preferably 0 V) remains applied to the word lines WLi (i 2) other than the word line WL 2 connected to the second memory cell.
- the forward current flows [rho eta joined to the source terminal S direction via the substrate having a [rho type impurity material from the gate terminal G in the second memory cell. If the value of this current is set as the value of the set current region where the phase change material constituting the variable resistance element is in a crystalline state as shown in Fig. 12 (c), the resistance connected to the source terminal S
- the variable element 2 can be set, that is, a low resistance state can be set.
- Time T 2 the phase-varying I arsenide material the time required to the crystalline state, for example a short time 100 ns or less.
- Wa one word line WL 2 is also connected to the gate terminal G of the memory cell other than the second memory cell, in those memory cells, a voltage equal to the voltage V W2 that is applied to the gate terminal G V B2 Is applied to the bit line BL! (I ⁇ 2), no voltage is applied to the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate, and no current flows through the resistance change element 2. That is, the reason why the voltage V B2 is previously applied to the bit lines BLi (i ⁇ 2) other than the bit line BL 2 connected to the second memory cell is that the voltage V W2 and the voltage V B2 applied to the word line WL 2 This is done so that no voltage is applied to the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate.
- the voltages of all the word lines WL, all the bit lines BL and the voltage supply are returned to the initial voltage (preferably 0V).
- the initial voltage preferably 0V.
- the bit lines BLi (i ⁇ 2) other than the bit line BL 2 connected to the second memory cell, and the applied voltage V W2 , VB 2, and V A 2 to the voltage supply unit VA are variable resistance elements. Needs to be determined from the current-voltage characteristics.
- a desired plurality of memory cells can be set at once, or all memory cells can be set at once. It is also possible. Either the timing of applying the voltage V B2 to the bit line BL 5 (i ⁇ 2) or the timing of applying the voltage V A2 to the voltage supply unit VA may be earlier. Further, either one of the timings of returning the voltage of the bit line BL ; (i ⁇ 2) and the voltage of the voltage supply unit VA to the initial voltage (preferably 0 V) may be earlier.
- the DTMOS 1 is operated in the same manner as a normal MOS transistor.
- the memory cell to be read is referred to as a third memory cell, and the third memory cell is provided with the third memory cell. How to read out the state (resistance value) of the resistance change element is described.
- the resistance value may be read by the timing chart shown in FIG. 8, when reading the resistance value of the variable resistance element 2 in the third memory cell connected bit line BL 2 and Wa one word line WL 2, a timing chart showing a voltage applied to each line.
- the timing chart shown in FIG. 8 is the same as FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 except that all voltages are lower than the maximum applied voltage V R at the time of reading where the read disturb does not exceed 3 ⁇ 4g. . Therefore, only a brief explanation is given below.
- V W3 to the word line WL 2 connected to the third memory cell is applied, then returned to the initial voltage (preferably 0V).
- the lead lines WL 5 (i ⁇ 2) other than the lead line WL 2 connected to the third memory cell The initial voltage (preferably 0 V) is kept applied.
- V W3 V R
- the resistance change of the selected third memory cell is performed.
- the resistance value of the element 2 can be obtained, that is, the data written in the third memory cell can be read.
- a voltage may be equal the voltage V A3 and V B 3.
- the voltage in the read voltage region is sufficiently lower than the forward rise voltage V F of the pn junction, so that the current flowing in the direction of the pn junction does not flow in the DTMOS 1 constituting each memory cell.
- one of the timing of applying the voltage V B3 to the bit line BLi (i ⁇ 2) and the timing of applying the voltage V A3 to the voltage supply unit VA is performed. It may be early. Further, the timing of returning the voltage of the bit line BLi (i ⁇ 2) and the voltage of the voltage supply unit VA to the initial voltage (preferably 0 V) may be earlier.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show timing charts for driving an array memory configured similarly to FIG. 4 using p-channel DTMOS.
- the set operation, the reset operation, and the resistance reading operation for the array memory using the p-channel DTMOS will be described.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where only the resistance change element 2 of the memory cell (referred to as a first memory cell) connected to the bit line BL 2 and the word line WL 2 is reset, and is applied to each line.
- 9 is a timing chart showing a voltage (corresponding to FIG. 5).
- the initial voltage 0 V can be mentioned.However, if the voltage of DTMOS can be kept off and the voltage does not affect the state of the variable resistance element 2, it is 0 V. Not limited.
- the voltage may be a positive voltage (for example, 3 V). In this case, as described later, the nonvolatile memory can be driven with a voltage of 0 V or more.
- the second voltage is the forward rise voltage V F (> 0) of the P n junction formed between the n-type active region 31 and the p-type source and drain regions.
- V F the forward rise voltage
- the voltage is, for example, about 13 V to about ⁇ 2 V.
- the second voltage is, for example, about 0 V to 1 V.
- Time 7 ⁇ is a time required to melt the phase change material, and it is necessary to satisfy the same conditions as in the case of using the n-channel DTMOS.
- the active region 31 is n-type
- the drain region 12 and the source region 13 are p-type
- the gate pattern 14 and the active region 31 are metal plugs.
- 15a, the electrode wiring pattern 17a, the metal plug 16 and the impurity diffusion region 30 are connected so as to have the same electric potential. Therefore, the voltage V B 1 which is applied to the source region 1 3 through the bit line BL 2 is also applied to the active region 3 1.
- the voltage applied to the source region 13 is Due to V B 1 , the current tries to go to the gate pattern 14 via the active region 31. If the current value generated by this is set as the value of the reset current region, as shown in Fig. 12 (c), which fully melts the phase change material constituting the resistance change element and then turns it into an amorphous state,
- the variable resistance element 2 connected to the terminal S can be reset, that is, the high resistance state can be set.
- the time is a time required for melting the phase change material, and may be a short time of, for example, 100 ns or less.
- Wa one word line WL 2 is also connected to the gate terminal G of the memory cell other than the first memory cell, in those memory cells, a voltage equal to the voltage V W1 is applied to the gate terminal G V B Since 1 is applied to the bit line BL i (i ⁇ 2), no voltage is applied to the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate, and no current flows to the resistance changing element 2 . That is, the reason why the voltage V B1 was previously applied to the bit lines BL i (i ⁇ 2) other than the bit line BL 2 connected to the first memory cell is that the voltage V W1 applied to the word line WL 2 and the voltage V W1 V B ! And the voltage at the pn junction between the source terminal S and the substrate Is not applied.
- the voltages of all the lead lines WLp, all the bit lines BL and the voltage supply VA are returned to the initial voltage.
- the rising of the pulse waveform after a lapse of 1 ⁇ , as shown by the arrow in FIG. 9, must be steep. desirable.
- V W1 V W1- V F
- the resistance of the memory cell connected to the bit line BL 2 and the read line WL 2 (hereinafter, referred to as a second memory cell in order to clearly indicate that the memory cell is not necessarily the same as the first memory cell).
- the additional timing sequence is as shown in FIG.
- V A2 V B2
- each voltage is set to a voltage value that can give the characteristics of the set current region in FIG. These voltages V B2 and V A2 are called “third voltage”.
- This second set step is substantially the same as the second set step of the first embodiment, except for the word line WL 2 connected to the second memory cell and the bit line BL 2 connected to the second memory cell.
- V A2 is - 2V ⁇ - is 3V
- Ru 3 V Dare V A2 is 0 to 1 V. Also in this case, as described in the second reset step, a current flows in a tribute direction from the p-type source region 13 to the n-type active region 31 through the pn junction formed by them.
- DTMOS 1 is operated in the same manner as a normal MOS transistor.
- the memory cell to be read is referred to as a third memory cell here, and the third memory cell is provided.
- the state (resistance value) of the variable resistance element is explained.
- bit line BL 2 Furthermore, to generate a potential difference between the bit line BL 2 and the voltage supply unit VA which is connected to the third memory cell. Then, current flows between the bit lines BL 2 and the voltage supply unit VA. By sensing this current with a sense amplifier (not shown) connected to the bit line BL 2 connected to the third memory cell, the current flows to the resistance change element 2 provided in the third memory cell. detecting a magnitude of current flowing through the current value to bit Bokusen BL 2.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing the voltage applied to each line when reading the resistance value of the resistance change element 2 of the third memory cell connected to the bit line BL 2 and the read line WL 2. It is a chart.
- the third non-connected to the memory cell word line WL 2 of the word line WI ⁇ (i ⁇ 2) is kept applied to OV initial voltage.
- the resistance of the selected third memory cell is detected.
- the resistance value of the variable element 2 can be obtained, that is, the data written in the third memory cell can be read.
- the voltages of the bit lines BL i (i ⁇ 2) other than the bit line BL 2 connected to the third memory cell and the voltage of the voltage supply section VA are returned to the initial voltage of 0 V, and the third memory cell Deselect and return to the expected state.
- the voltage V B is applied to the bit line BLi (i ⁇ 2) as in the case of using the n-channel DTMOS.
- a timing of applying the and the timing of applying the voltage V a to the voltage supply unit VA one may quickly.
- the voltage of the bit ⁇ ? ( ⁇ (I ⁇ 2) and the voltage of the voltage supply unit VA are The return timing may be either one earlier.
- a DTMOS whose subthreshold characteristics and drive current are significantly improved as compared with a normal MOS is used as a switch element, and this is used as described above.
- the power consumption of the memory can be reduced and the high-speed reading operation of the memory can be performed.
- the memory cells using the phase change material have large variations in resistance after manufacturing, it is necessary to set or reset all memory cells once before shipping or before programming for recording predetermined data. . Accordingly, in such a case, the drive sequence shown in FIG. 6 is very effective because the initial value setting step can be simplified.
- the voltage of each line is assumed to be 0 V as an initial state. As described, these voltages are not limited to 0 V and may be biased to the same predetermined voltage. In this case, the voltage applied to each line may be a voltage obtained by adding a predetermined bias voltage to each of the above-described voltages.
- a resistance change element using a phase change material that has many advantages when DTMOS is used as a switch element has been described.
- the resistance value changes according to the application of voltage or current. Any element may be used as long as the element is a dangling element.
- an element in which a manganese-based perovskite oxide having a resistance value changed by application of voltage is sandwiched between two metal electrodes may be used as the variable resistance element.
- the method of driving the nonvolatile memory described as the present embodiment is characterized in that the bipolar operation region of DTMOS is used at the time of resetting, which is required for the current-driven resistance change element. Even if the current value is small, its effectiveness is not lost.
- DTMOS is used for the switch element, the drain current can be increased in all the gate voltage regions compared to the conventional MOS, so that the memory cell area can be reduced and the power consumption can be reduced by lower voltage operation. The benefits are huge. Industrial potential
- a DTMOS in which a gate and a substrate are electrically connected is switched. It is possible to provide a method for driving a non-volatile memory which can be read with low power consumption and high speed, which is used as an element.
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Abstract
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Also Published As
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CN1717748A (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
US7106618B2 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
JP3752589B2 (ja) | 2006-03-08 |
JPWO2004114315A1 (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
US20050117397A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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