WO2004095639A1 - アンテナ装置 - Google Patents
アンテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004095639A1 WO2004095639A1 PCT/JP2004/005880 JP2004005880W WO2004095639A1 WO 2004095639 A1 WO2004095639 A1 WO 2004095639A1 JP 2004005880 W JP2004005880 W JP 2004005880W WO 2004095639 A1 WO2004095639 A1 WO 2004095639A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- dielectric
- dielectric substrate
- antenna device
- substrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna device suitable for communication using a frequency of GHz, and more particularly to an antenna device applicable to a glass antenna of a vehicle.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- VI CS Rotary Traffic Information
- System Vehicle Information and Communication System
- ETC Automatic Toll Collection System
- an antenna of an in-vehicle communication device used in these systems for example, an attempt has been made to attach an antenna device having a microstrip antenna (hereinafter, referred to as MSA) to a front window glass plate of a vehicle.
- MSA microstrip antenna
- transmission power and reception power are reduced due to reflection of electromagnetic waves by the front window glass. That is, a part of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the MSA is reflected on the boundary surface of the front window glass plate and becomes a reflected wave. There was a problem.
- the installation location of the MSA is limited using an installation spacer, and the correction constant is set to a half wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-252520 discloses a planar antenna in which a patch conductor and a ground conductor are formed only on one surface of a dielectric substrate.
- a predetermined patch conductor is formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, and the patch conductor is formed on the same plane.
- a ground conductor is formed with a predetermined interval (slot) provided around the contact conductor.
- This planar antenna is called a coplanar patch antenna (CPA).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 5-633432 discloses a “planar antenna for a vehicle” that includes a radiating element conductor layer, a dielectric layer, and a ground conductor layer on at least a portion of a vehicle window glass plate from below. There is disclosed a planar antenna in which an input terminal of an amplifier installed in the vicinity is connected to a radiation conductor. This planar antenna is formed by printing and firing a thick film using a silver paste as a conductor layer for a radiating element or a ground conductor layer, and a dielectric layer using a dielectric such as glass, resin, or ceramics.
- Multi-layer thick-film printing on windowpanes requires repeated printing and drying, and if the process is complicated and continuous printing is required, a printing machine and dryer are required respectively. There are a lot of facilities. In addition, it is difficult to apply multi-layer printing and have a shape that is optimally adapted to vehicle window glass, and to simultaneously fire each layer sufficiently. It is disclosed that a metal plate, sheet, or film is bonded with an adhesive, but the antenna characteristics are different due to the presence of the adhesive layer.
- the sum of each layer can be reduced to several hundred meters or less.However, if the dielectric layer is very thin compared to the wavelength, it is difficult to make the microstrip antenna a resonant structure. The radiation efficiency is also poor. In some cases, the dielectric layer is made thinner by increasing the relative permittivity of the dielectric layer.In general, when the relative permittivity is increased, the dielectric loss increases, the radiation efficiency as an antenna decreases, and the band becomes narrower. However, there was a problem that the antenna device was not suitable for receiving weak radio waves from artificial satellites.
- FIG. 6 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-237717 discloses that a spacer is provided on a substrate on which a ground conductor is provided, and a patch conductor made of a square metal plate is used as the spacer. It describes a patch antenna device supported by the satellite.
- the patch conductor since the patch conductor is not provided on the dielectric substrate, there is a problem that it is difficult to mount the patch conductor for use in a vehicle or the like.
- FIG. 8 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-265380 shows that an island-shaped conductor is provided inside an annular patch conductor provided on one surface of a dielectric substrate.
- An annular microstrip antenna is described that performs a ringing.
- a ground conductor is provided on the other surface of the dielectric substrate, and a hole is provided in the dielectric substrate and the ground conductor, and after the core of the coaxial cable is passed through the hole, the ground conductor is provided. Since the tip is connected to the island-shaped conductor, there is a problem that it is difficult to mount it for use in vehicles and the like.
- the patch conductor and the ground conductor are spaced apart from each other, and the conductor for electromagnetic coupling passes through a hole provided in the ground conductor.
- the conductor for electromagnetic coupling passes through a hole provided in the ground conductor.
- the specific structure of the entire antenna device is not shown, and there is a problem that the mounting means is unclear for use in a vehicle or the like.
- the length obtained by multiplying the half wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave by the correction constant is used as the reference length.
- the MSA must be placed near the position away from the front window glass by a positive integer multiple of this reference length.
- the antenna element is constituted by a conductor provided on one side of the dielectric substrate, and thus the front window glass plate and It can be easily formed on a rear window glass plate or the like.
- a connector it is necessary to use a connector to take out the received signal from the CPA provided on the front window glass plate and the rear window glass plate, or to directly attach a coaxial cable with solder.
- a practical antenna device could not always be constructed.
- the conductor is formed only on one surface of the dielectric substrate to form the CPA, so that the CPA is formed on both sides of the dielectric substrate.
- the antenna has directivity, and there was a problem that efficient transmission and reception could not always be performed. For this reason, there has been a demand for a small, thin, high-performance, and low-cost antenna device for a high-frequency band as compared with the past. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a first dielectric substrate provided with a patch conductor
- a second dielectric substrate is provided on a spacer provided on the first dielectric substrate
- the spacer in which the second dielectric substrate is interposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate causes the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate to be separated at a predetermined interval.
- An antenna device is provided.
- the first dielectric substrate is provided on the inner surface of the vehicle window glass plate or on the dielectric film provided on the inner surface of the window glass plate.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of radio waves in the air for communication.
- D is the shortest distance between the patch conductor and the vehicle body opening edge.
- the antenna device is characterized in that the shortest distance between the portion of the antenna device furthest from the vehicle body opening edge and the vehicle body opening edge is 200 mm or less. Further, the first dielectric substrate is provided on the inner surface of the vehicle window glass plate or on the dielectric film provided on the inner surface of the window glass plate.
- a microstrip antenna comprising: a patch conductor; an insulating sheet or an insulating substrate disposed on the window glass plate facing the patch conductor; and a ground conductor provided on the insulating sheet or the insulating substrate.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of radio waves in the air for communication.
- D is the shortest distance between the patch conductor and the vehicle body opening edge.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the antenna device, comprising the following steps (1) to (5).
- a window glass plate which is the first dielectric substrate, fitted in an opening of a vehicle and provided with the patch conductor
- a window glass plate which is the first dielectric substrate, before being fitted into the opening of the vehicle and provided with the patch conductor is prepared.
- An adhesive portion is formed on the window glass plate, or an adhesive portion is formed on the surface of the above-mentioned spacer on the side of the window glass plate.
- a spacer is attached to a predetermined portion of the window glass plate so that the spacer is bonded to the window glass plate via the bonding portion.
- the second dielectric substrate is fixed to a spacer.
- step (1) when a window glass plate before being fitted into the opening of the vehicle is used, the window glass plate is fitted into the opening of the vehicle.
- a method for manufacturing the antenna device is provided.
- a dielectric material having fluidity through a hole provided in the spacer or the second dielectric substrate is applied to the window glass plate.
- a method of manufacturing the above-described antenna device comprising a step of injecting the same into a space surrounded by the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate.
- the spacer is provided with a first fixing means, and further, a second fixing means is provided.
- the second dielectric substrate is sandwiched between the spacer and the upper lid case, and the upper lid case is fixed to the second dielectric substrate.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the antenna device, wherein the upper lid case is attached to the spacer so as to cover the plate.
- the spacer is provided with a first fixing means, and further, a second fixing means is provided.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the antenna device, wherein the upper fixing case is attached to the spacer by fixing the second fixing means to the first fixing means.
- the method for manufacturing the antenna device wherein the electromagnetic coupling conductor or the columnar conductor is attached to the second dielectric substrate I will provide a.
- the dielectric substance has fluidity
- the method for manufacturing the antenna device includes a step of fixing the second dielectric substrate to the spacer by removing the frame after losing the fluidity or slightly losing the fluidity. Offer.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the antenna device, comprising the following steps (a l) to (a 5).
- a window glass plate which is the first dielectric substrate, before being fitted into the opening of the vehicle and provided with the patch conductor is prepared.
- the window glass is bonded so that the spacer is bonded to the window glass plate via the bonding portion. Attach the spacer to the specified place on the board.
- the window glass plate is fitted into the opening of the vehicle.
- the present invention provides the method for manufacturing the antenna device, further comprising: fixing a spacer to the window glass plate after forming a dielectric substance on the patch conductor on the window glass plate.
- a dielectric material having fluidity is passed through the spacer or the hole provided in the second dielectric substrate, and the window glass plate and the second Providing a method of manufacturing the above antenna device, comprising a step of injecting into a gap surrounded by the dielectric substrate.
- a first fixing means is provided on the spacer, and an upper lid case provided with a second fixing means is prepared.
- the second fixing means When the second fixing means is fixed to the first fixing means, the second dielectric substrate is sandwiched between the spacer and the upper lid case, and the upper lid case connects the second dielectric substrate.
- the method of manufacturing the antenna device further comprising a step of attaching the upper lid case to the spacer so as to cover the antenna device.
- a first fixing means is provided on the spacer, a second fixing means is provided, and an upper lid case provided with a second dielectric substrate inside is prepared.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the above antenna device, comprising the step of fixing the second fixing means to the fixing means so that the upper lid case is attached to the spacer.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the antenna device, wherein the electromagnetic coupling conductor or the columnar conductor is attached to a second dielectric substrate after fixing to a spacer.
- the dielectric substance has fluidity
- a molding frame is provided on the window glass plate, and after flowing the dielectric material into the frame, Providing a method for manufacturing the antenna device, comprising a step of removing the frame after losing the property or slightly losing the fluidity, and attaching a spacer to a predetermined portion of the window glass plate.
- a method for manufacturing the above antenna device in which a stirrer and an upper lid case are integrated.
- the frequency of the electromagnetic wave used in the antenna device of the present invention is preferably an electromagnetic wave of 300 MHz to 3 THz, more preferably 0.8 to 60 GHz, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 30 GHz. 1.2-6.38 GHz are particularly preferred.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic conceptual diagram of main components of the antenna device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 Enlarged plan view of the patch conductor 8 and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 of the antenna device shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 4: A plan view showing an example in which the lower case 20, which is a spacer, is bonded to a window glass plate Fig. 5: Fig. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an application example of the example shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the antenna device of the present invention, which is different from the example shown in FIG. Figure 7: Schematic conceptual diagram of the main components of the example shown in Figure 6.
- FIG. 8 A plan view of the antenna element of the antenna device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method of assembling the antenna device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 Cross-sectional view showing the antenna device of Example 3.
- Fig. 11 Return loss vs. frequency characteristic diagram of Example 1.
- Figure 12 Directivity diagram of Example 1.
- Figure 14 Directivity diagram of Example 2.
- Figure 15 Directivity diagram of Example 3.
- Fig. 16 In Example 4, the horizontal axis is the length of one side (horizontal width, vertical width) of the square ground conductor, and the vertical axis is the antenna gain.
- Figure 17 In Example 4, the horizontal axis is L g X (s q ) ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ . And the vertical axis represents the antenna gain.
- FIG. 19 Diagram showing the relationship between L 2 , L 4 , the distance between the window glass plate and the printed circuit board, and the antenna gain in Example 5.
- FIG. 20 A plan view showing an aspect in which the antenna device is provided on a window glass plate.
- Figure 21 Cross-sectional view of the patch conductor 8 that is provided on the inner surface of the windowpane with the dielectric film 25 interposed.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view showing the ground conductor 10 and the slot part 50 in the present invention.
- FIG. 23 Cross-sectional view showing another embodiment different from the examples shown in FIGS. Explanation of reference numerals
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device showing an embodiment of the antenna device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic conceptual diagram of main components of the antenna device.
- the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the patch conductor 8 and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 of the antenna device shown in FIG. 1, and shows the positional relationship between the patch conductor 8 and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 in the example shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the first dielectric substrate viewed from the upper lid case 18 side in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first dielectric substrate 1.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device showing an embodiment of the antenna device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic conceptual diagram of main components of the antenna device.
- the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line
- the present invention includes a first dielectric substrate 1 on which a patch conductor 8 is provided, and a substrate facing the first dielectric substrate 1, the surface of an opposing substrate facing the patch conductor 8 (hereinafter referred to as a first substrate). And a second dielectric substrate 2 on which a ground conductor 10 is provided.
- an electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 extending from the second counter substrate surface toward the first dielectric substrate 1 is provided, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 and the patch conductor 8 are electromagnetically coupled. Have been.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is not DC-connected to the ground conductor 10.
- the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 arranged to face the first dielectric substrate 1 are separated by a predetermined distance.
- the lower case 20 which is a spacer is adhered and fixed to the first dielectric substrate 1 by an adhesive portion 22.
- the upper lid case 18 is fixed at a predetermined position on the first dielectric substrate 1
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is disposed at a predetermined position
- the second dielectric substrate 2 is placed on the first dielectric substrate 1.
- An antenna device having an MSA antenna in which the second dielectric substrate 2 and the first dielectric substrate 1 are separated at a predetermined interval by a sensor interposed between the second dielectric substrate 2 and the first dielectric substrate 1 is assembled.
- the spacer in this manner is preferred when the distance between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 is to be several mm or more in order to improve the antenna gain.
- a simple structure can be achieved and production can be easily performed, resulting in excellent productivity.
- the window glass plate usually has a curvature, so that the curvature is absorbed by a spacer and the window glass is used. This is because the second dielectric substrate 2 can be reliably provided on the plate. Also, if the structure is such that the second dielectric substrate 2 can be easily removed from the spacer, it is convenient for repair.
- a patch conductor 8 is provided on a surface of the opposing substrate of the first dielectric substrate 1 facing the second dielectric substrate 2 (hereinafter, referred to as a first opposing substrate surface).
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 is a hexagon in which a notch 8b is provided at one corner and a diagonal of a square or substantially square, which is a shape effective for circular polarization. I have.
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 is not limited to this, and the shape of the patch conductor 8 is square, rectangular, etc. It is good. In order to improve the circular polarization characteristics, it is preferable to provide a notch 8b in the patch conductor 8.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be used without providing the notch 8 b in the patch conductor 8.
- the shape of the notch 8b is a right-angled isosceles triangle or a substantially right-angled isosceles triangle, but the shape of the notch 8b is not limited to this.
- the conductor 3 for electromagnetic coupling penetrates a through hole (not shown) provided in the second dielectric substrate 2, and one end 3 a of the conductor 3 for electromagnetic coupling is It is connected to the transmission conductor 14 functioning as a signal line, which is provided on the surface of the substrate 2 opposite to the surface of the second opposing substrate (hereinafter referred to as the second non-opposing substrate surface) by, for example, hanging. It has been.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 penetrating the through hole is extended so as to protrude from the second counter substrate surface. This protruding part is called the vertical part 3b of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3. You.
- the ground conductor 10 provided on the surface of the second counter substrate near the through hole is not DC-connected to the vertical portion 3b.
- the peripheral portion of the through hole and the ground conductor 10 around the through hole are 0.05 mm to 10 mm. Preferably, they are separated by 0.2 to 3 mm. A thickness of 0.05 mm or more is preferable because transmission loss is reduced. Further, it is preferable that the thickness be 10 mm or less, since the area of the ground conductor 10 can be sufficiently secured.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is temporarily extended from the second dielectric substrate 2 toward the first dielectric substrate 1, and before reaching the first counter substrate surface. It bends or bends and extends parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor 8.
- the portion that is extended after this tune is bent or bent is referred to as a first parallel portion 3c.
- the first parallel portion 3c is bent and extends along the peripheral edge of the patch conductor 8, forming a second parallel portion 3d.
- the first parallel portion 3c and the second parallel portion 3d are both parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor 8, and have a predetermined distance h from the patch conductor 8 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the patch conductor 8.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 has a first parallel portion 3c and a second parallel portion 3d, and the first parallel portion 3c and the second parallel portion 3d Is preferably parallel or substantially parallel to the periphery of the patch conductor 8, which is preferable because it improves electromagnetic coupling, but is not limited to this, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is the second parallel portion 3. It can be used without d, and the portion of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 near the patch conductor 8 does not necessarily have to be parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor 8.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is formed by forming a cylindrical conductor into a predetermined shape, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed by forming the conductive plate into a predetermined shape. .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the antenna device of the present invention, which is different from the example shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 7 is a schematic conceptual diagram of main components of the example shown in FIG.
- the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 7, the upper lid case 18 is not shown.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of the antenna element 6 of the example shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an assembling method of the example shown in FIG.
- the first dielectric substrate 1 is disposed so as to face the first dielectric substrate 1. And the second dielectric substrate 2 is separated by a predetermined distance.
- a planar antenna element 6 that radiates an electromagnetic wave is provided on the substrate surface of the first dielectric substrate 1.
- the antenna element 6 has a patch conductor 8 that is a radiation conductor, and an island-shaped conductor 19 that is separated from the patch conductor 8 and surrounded by the patch conductor 8 (see FIG. 8).
- the island-shaped conductor 19 is surrounded by the patch conductor 8, and is, for example, a rectangular conductor separated from the patch conductor 8 by a conductor-free gap having a width of 0.5 mm.
- the island-shaped conductor 19 is a connection portion of the antenna element 6 when the columnar conductor 7 is connected to the antenna element 6 as described later.
- the island-shaped conductor 19 in the antenna element 6 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a circular shape, and the shape is not particularly limited.
- the ground conductor 10 is provided on the second opposing substrate surface, and the columnar conductor 7 is provided so as to protrude from the second opposing substrate surface.
- One end of the columnar conductor 7 passes through a through hole that penetrates and penetrates the second dielectric substrate 2 to a transmission conductor 14 that is a signal line provided on the second non-opposite substrate surface. They are connected by soldering or the like and are fixed to the second dielectric substrate 2.
- the other end of the columnar conductor 7 is in contact with substantially the center of the island-shaped conductor 19 provided on the first dielectric substrate 1.
- the ground conductor 10 is provided on the entire surface of the opposing substrate of the second dielectric substrate 2 excluding the through-hole formed in the second dielectric substrate 2 and a region around the through-hole.
- the columnar conductor 7 is DC-insulated from the ground conductor 10 and protrudes from the second counter substrate surface.
- the columnar conductor 7 connects between the antenna element 6 and the transmission conductor 14, feeds a transmission signal from an external circuit to the patch conductor 8 at the time of transmission, or at the time of reception. It forms a signal line for transmitting the transmission signal from the patch conductor 8 to an external circuit via the transmission conductor 14 and the coaxial cable 16.
- the island-shaped conductor 19 is separated from the patch conductor 8 by a certain gap consisting of no conductor provided on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and is surrounded by the patch conductor 8. Has formed. Further, the columnar conductor 7 is connected to the island-shaped conductor 19.
- the island-shaped conductor 19 functions as a capacitive correction element for correcting the inductivity (inductance) of the columnar conductor 7 or the patch conductor 8.
- the island-shaped conductors 19 are specially used for high-frequency signal lines.
- the impedance is adjusted to match, for example, 50 ⁇ , which is the characteristic impedance.
- the shape and dimensions of the island-shaped conductor 19 and the gap between the island-shaped conductor 19 and the patch conductor 8 are considered in consideration of the inductive property of the columnar conductor 7 and the inductive property of the patch conductor 8. The width of is adjusted.
- the columnar conductor 7 is connected to the antenna element 6 in a high-frequency circuit.
- the columnar conductor 7 is formed due to a difference in the curvature of each window glass plate.
- the island-shaped conductor 19 is hard to contact and cannot be connected. Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to use a spring probe as the columnar conductor 7.
- a spring probe is used as the columnar conductor 7, the columnar conductor 7 can be reliably brought into contact with and connected to the island-shaped conductor 19 without changing the design of the entire antenna device shown in FIG.
- the stroke of the spring probe is preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- the pressing force of the spring probe should not damage the island-shaped conductor 19 and prevent the contact part from vibrating due to the vibration of a vehicle such as an automobile.In addition, make sure that the repulsive force of the spring does not make assembly difficult. In consideration of this, 0.2 to 5 ON is preferable.
- the spring probe preferably has a low electric resistance in order to reduce electric loss during signal transmission.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 is arranged with respect to the first dielectric substrate 1 so that the columnar conductor 7 comes into contact with the island-shaped conductor 19. They are arranged at a predetermined distance. At that time, the contact position of the columnar conductor 7 varies due to an assembly error.
- the columnar conductor 7 functions as a capacitive correction element, and can absorb fluctuations in the performance of the antenna element 6 caused by this assembly error.
- the columnar conductor 7 is constituted, for example, by a spring probe whose one end in contact with the island-shaped conductor 19 is supported by a spring. Are urged toward the island-shaped conductor 19 by the elastic force of the spring. As a result, the assembly of the antenna device shown in FIG. At this time, the columnar conductor 7 can be smoothly abutted without damaging the island-shaped conductor 19.
- the lower case 20 as a spacer is adhered and fixed to the first dielectric substrate 1 by an adhesive portion 22.
- the upper lid case 18 is fixed at a predetermined position on the first dielectric substrate 1, the columnar conductor 7 is brought into contact with the center of the island-like conductor 19, and the second dielectric substrate 2
- An antenna device having an MSA antenna which is held parallel to the first dielectric substrate 1 by a predetermined distance is assembled.
- the columnar conductor 7 is exemplified by a spring probe, instead of this spring probe, the upper lid case 18 biases the second dielectric substrate 2 toward the lower case 20 and supports it.
- the support mechanism of the substrate of the upper lid case 18 may include a biasing means such as a spring or an elastic body.
- the columnar conductor 7 is not fixed to the second dielectric substrate 2 in advance, but is connected to the island-shaped conductor 19 of the antenna element 6 by fixing one end of the columnar conductor 7 in advance by soldering or the like. It may be.
- the upper lid case 18 is fixed to the lower case 20, for example, the other end of the columnar conductor 7 is received by a socket provided on the second dielectric substrate 2 and connected to the transmission conductor 14.
- the configuration of the above-described embodiment in which the columnar conductors 7 are provided in advance on the second dielectric substrate 2 is preferable in terms of practically easy and short mounting work and low cost.
- one columnar conductor 7 crossing between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided, but in the present invention, a plurality of columnar conductors are provided.
- the columnar conductor may be connected at a plurality of different positions of the antenna element. For example, when power is supplied to an antenna element from two columnar conductors, a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is radiated.
- power may be supplied by shifting the phase of a signal when power is supplied from the columnar conductor to the antenna element.
- the size of the ground conductor 10 is small from the viewpoint of miniaturization of the antenna device.
- the ground conductor 10 has a square shape or a substantially square shape
- the length of one side of the ground conductor 10 may have a length of at least a half or more of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
- the area of the ground conductor 10 is preferably 3960 mm 2 or less from the viewpoint of miniaturization.
- a more preferable range of the area of the ground conductor 1 0 is a 2 3 0 4 mm 2 or less, particularly preferably ranges 1 9 2 0 mm 2 or less, and particularly more preferable range is 1 7 6 0 mm 2 or less.
- the shape of the ground conductor 10 is a square or a substantially square, and a square or a substantially square is preferable in order to improve communication characteristics.
- the shape is not limited thereto.
- An ellipse, a substantially ellipse, a polygon or a substantially polygon can be used.
- a ground conductor 10 is provided on the second counter substrate surface, and a transmission conductor 14 constituted by a conductor having a fixed width is provided on the second non-opposite substrate surface.
- a microstrip line is configured.
- the ground conductor 10 is provided on the second non-facing substrate surface, and the slot portion where the ground conductor 10 is not provided on the second non-facing substrate surface is provided.
- 50 shall be provided, and the transmission conductor 14 shall be provided at the center or substantially the center of the slot portion 50 so as not to be connected to the ground conductor 10 in a DC manner, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 or the columnar shape shall be provided.
- the conductor 7 may penetrate in the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate 2 and be connected to the transmission conductor 14.
- the slot portion 50 is a slot portion 50 where an elongated region where no conductor is provided on the dielectric substrate.
- the slot portion 50 is usually exposed by exposing the material of the dielectric substrate, but is not limited thereto, and an insulating material may be provided on the slot portion 50.
- the transmission conductor 14 is provided on the second non-opposing substrate surface, and this is preferable for improving the antenna characteristics.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it can be used even if the transmission conductor 14 is provided on the second counter substrate surface.
- the slot 50 is provided in the ground conductor 10 as described above, and the transmission conductor is provided at the center or substantially at the center of the slot 50.
- the transmission conductor 14 is provided so that the To do.
- a ground conductor may be provided on the second non-counter substrate surface, and a transmission conductor may be provided on the second counter substrate surface.
- a dielectric layer may be formed and laminated on at least one of the second counter substrate surface and the second non-counter substrate surface.
- the transmission conductor 14 is connected to the core wire of a coaxial cable 16 connected to an external circuit such as an RF (Radio Frequency) circuit outside the antenna device, and the ground conductor 10 is connected to the external conductor of the coaxial cable 16. It is connected.
- the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 16 is preferably grounded.
- the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are formed by the patch conductor 8 provided on the first dielectric substrate 1 and the ground conductor 10 provided on the second dielectric substrate 2.
- An MSA that uses, for example, the air space existing in the gap as a dielectric is constructed.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is connected to the patch conductor 8 by electromagnetic coupling, and a signal from an external circuit is patched through the coaxial cable 16 and the transmission conductor 14 and the like. Power is supplied to the conductor 8, and the signal from the patch conductor 8 is transmitted to an external circuit via the transmission conductor 14 and the coaxial cable 16 and the like.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 is housed in a predetermined position of the upper lid case 18 and is supported and fixed, and the upper lid case 18 is configured to surround the periphery of the patch conductor 8. Locked to lower case 20 fixed to dielectric substrate 1.
- the interval between the patch conductor 8 and the ground conductor 10 is appropriately set according to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used in the antenna device from the viewpoint of ensuring the transmission and reception performance of the antenna device.
- the air space existing in the gap between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 may be used as the dielectric. It is preferable to separately inject and interpose a dielectric material, which is a dielectric substance such as an adhesive or a filler, into the gap.
- the dielectric substance A flows for convenience of manufacturing and repair. It preferably has properties, semi-fluidity or non-curability.
- dielectric substance A has fluidity or semi-fluidity at least initially, and is curable over time or by prescribed treatment.
- the predetermined treatment refers to any treatment for imparting curable or semi-curable properties to the dielectric substance A by a treatment such as a chemical reaction by adding another substance to the dielectric substance A or heating.
- the window glass plate for a vehicle usually has a curvature, so that when a fluid or semi-fluid dielectric material is used, the gap is uniformly filled and interposed. It is preferable to have adhesion.
- the antenna device of the present invention includes electronic components such as an amplifier, it is practically preferable in that it has an effect of protecting them from moisture such as water droplets and moisture. Further, it is desirable that the dielectric substance has a low loss in that it does not degrade antenna characteristics. When it is used for a vehicle, it is further flame-retardant, has heat resistance and cold resistance, and has other electronic components. It is preferable to prevent electrolytic corrosion or corrosion of a conductor obtained by firing a conductor paste such as silver or silver paste.
- the antenna device of the present invention cannot achieve desired antenna characteristics because the relative permittivity ⁇ of the dielectric substance A is small, it contains powder having a relative permittivity ⁇ larger than the relative permittivity ⁇ . It is preferable to mix the dielectric substance ⁇ with the dielectric substance ⁇ so as to increase the apparent dielectric constant of the dielectric substance A in appearance.
- dielectric substance A examples include silicone (polymeric silicon organic compound), rubber, and various synthetic resins having fluidity and excellent productivity, but are not limited thereto. Any dielectric material can be used.
- the relative dielectric constant of silicone is usually 2.3 to 4.3.
- the dielectric constant epsilon Micromax is 8 It is preferable that the ratio is equal to or greater than 0 because the apparent dielectric constant of the dielectric substance is efficiently increased.
- the relative dielectric constant ⁇ is more preferably 8.0 to 12.0.
- contained in the dielectric substance 0 is preferably from 0.1 to 50 m, particularly preferably from 0.3 to 20 m.
- the antenna characteristics are preferably stable.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an application example of the example shown in FIG.
- a dielectric substance B cured toward the second dielectric substrate 2 (FIG. 5) is provided in a predetermined gap between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2. 26b (shaded area)) shown in the figure is provided. Further, a dielectric substance A (26a shown in FIG.
- the antenna device of the present invention obtains the wavelength of the radio wave for communication in the air.
- a dielectric substance is interposed between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 (in the example shown in FIGS.
- the normalized width W g of the ground conductor is expressed by (S) ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ ( ⁇ ,) ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ 0 , preferably 0.42 ⁇ W g ⁇ 0.81, especially 0.5 ⁇ W g ⁇ 0.6.
- the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substance is 1.89 to 5.20
- the area of the ground conductor 10 is 1280 to 3960 mm 2
- the notch conductor The vertical width L i of the patch conductor or the horizontal width L i of the patch conductor is 21.3 to 36.11 mm.
- the antenna gain is improved.
- the relative permittivity is 5.20 or less, the antenna gain is improved, the productivity is excellent, and the dielectric substance can be produced at low cost. Further, when the area of the ground conductor 10 is 3960 mm 2 or less, miniaturization can be achieved. More preferably, the relative permittivity of the dielectric substance is 2.30 to 3.10, and the area of the ground conductor 10 is 1280 to 1920 mm 2 . It is particularly preferable that the area of the ground conductor 10 is 1440 to 1760 mm 2 .
- the area of the ground conductor 10 is set to 1024 to 2304 mm 2 in order to further reduce the size, so that the relative permittivity of this dielectric substance is 2.56 to 5.80. Is preferred. Therefore, in the present invention, the preferable range of the relative permittivity of the dielectric substance is 1.89 to 5.80. Further, in the present invention, in consideration of a minimum embodiment described later, a preferable range of the area of the ground conductor 10 is 1024 to 3960 mm 2 .
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor when used as the power supply means, when the frequency of the radio wave to be communicated is 2.10 to 2.65 GHz, is 21.5 to 3.85 mm, The area of the ground conductor 10 is 1024 to 2304 mm 2 .
- the length of the portion of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor 8 (the sum of the length of the first parallel portion 3c and the length of the second parallel portion 3d) is It is preferably between 7.9 and 29.4 mm. 1 ⁇ is 21. a five to thirty-four.
- the magnetic coupling conductor 3 improves antenna gain.
- the area of the ground conductor 10 is 2304 mm 2 or less, it is preferable because the size can be further reduced.
- the frequency of the radio wave to be communicated is 2.10 to 2.65 GHz
- the distance between the patch conductor and the ground conductor that is, the approximate distance between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate
- the diameter is 3.6 to 10.8 mm because the antenna gain is improved.
- Ground conductor 10 Preferably has an area of 102 to 234 mm 2 .
- a dielectric substance is interposed between the patch conductor and the ground conductor, and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substance is 2.56 to 5.80, and the length of the patch conductor is vertical. It is preferable that the width Lt or the width of the patch conductor be 19.0 to 29.0 mm. When it is within this range, the antenna gain is improved compared to when it is outside this range.
- the more preferable range and the particularly preferable range of the relative dielectric constant range “2.56 to 5.80” refer to the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substance in Table 1 described later. The same applies to the description.
- the dielectric substance interposed between the patch conductor and the ground conductor is not limited to one kind
- At least one selected from the group consisting of air, dielectric substance A, dielectric substance B, dielectric substance M, an insulating sheet described later, an insulating substrate described later, and a dielectric substance other than these is disposed between the patch conductor and the ground conductor. It can be used even if it is interposed.
- at least one of the relative dielectric constants of the plurality of kinds of dielectric substances other than air is 2.56 to 5.80. More preferably, the relative permittivity of the dielectric substance other than air is 2.56 to 5.80.
- the dielectric inclusion has a relative dielectric constant of 2.56 to 5.80.
- the relative permittivity of the dielectric inclusion means that the average value of the relative permittivity of each dielectric substance constituting the dielectric inclusion is 2.56 to 5.80.
- the relative permittivity of the dielectric inclusion is preferably a value obtained by normal measurement, but may be a value obtained by calculation.
- each dielectric material has a plurality of layers
- the thickness and the relative dielectric constant of each dielectric material are usually considered when calculating the average value.
- the relative permittivity is calculated including the relative permittivity of air. It can be used even if a mixture of dielectric substances and air bubbles are mixed.
- the ground conductor is provided on the surface of the second non-facing substrate or inside the second non-facing substrate, the second dielectric substrate is also included in these dielectric substances.
- a dielectric plate or a dielectric layer for example, A ceramic plate, ceramic layer, etc.
- an air layer are interposed between the patch conductor and the ground conductor, and the relative permittivity of this dielectric plate or dielectric layer and the relative permittivity of this air layer (1.0 ) May be set such that the average value of the dielectric plate or the dielectric layer and the relative permittivity of the dielectric plate or the dielectric layer are set to 2.56-5.80.
- the air and the dielectric substance can be separated from each other.
- the average value of the relative permittivity can be reduced and the productivity can be improved.
- the distance between the patch conductor and the ground conductor is 2.92 to 15.3 mm, since the antenna gain is improved. When it is within this range, the antenna gain is improved as compared to when it is outside this range. Further, it is preferred when the patch conductor 8 is provided a notch 8 b is a notch 8 length of one side sandwiching the right angle 8 c of b L 2 is 0. 77 ⁇ 16. 7 mm. When it is within this range, the antenna gain is improved as compared to when it is outside this range.
- the patch conductor of the electromagnetic coupling conductor when the electromagnetic coupling conductor is used as the power supply means and the electromagnetic coupling conductor has a portion parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor, the patch conductor of the electromagnetic coupling conductor Preferably, the length of the part parallel or substantially parallel to is from 3.95 to 28.7 mm. When it is within this range, the antenna gain is improved as compared to when it is outside this range.
- preferred ranges in the case of the minimum embodiment and more preferred ranges are described in Table 1 collectively.
- Preferred range More preferred range Particularly preferred range Ground conductor area 1 024 to 2304 1 280 to 1 920 1 440 to 1 760
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor is used as the power supply means, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor has a portion parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor, and the frequency of the radio wave for communication is 2.10-2. 65 GHz, and when the dielectric substance interposed between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 is air, the length of the first parallel portion 3c and the The sum of the length of the parallel portion 3d and the length of 3d is preferably 4.7 to 49.3 mm, and more preferably 18.8 to 34.0 mm, because the antenna gain is improved.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor when used as the power supply means and the electromagnetic coupling conductor has a portion parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor, the first 'dielectric substrate 1 And the dielectric substance interposed between the second dielectric substrate 2 and the air is L) _, which is 32.68 to 41.80 mm, the length of the first parallel portion 3c and the second The sum of the length of the parallel portion 3d and the length of 2d is preferably 10.4 to 27.3 mm, since the antenna gain is improved.
- the area of the ground conductor 10 is preferably 3240 to 3960 mm 2 . If the area of the ground conductor 10 is 3240 mm 2 or more, the antenna gain is preferably improved, and if the area of the ground conductor 10 is 3690 mm 2 or less, it is preferable because the size can be reduced.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 when the electromagnetic coupling conductor is used as the power supply means, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor has a portion parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor, the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 becomes the patch conductor 8
- the axes of the portions (first parallel portion 3c and second parallel portion 3d) that are parallel or substantially parallel to each other are three-dimensionally overlapped with the patch conductor 8, and viewed three-dimensionally, the center of the axis of the portion and the spacing L 3 between the peripheral edge of the patch conductor is preferably an 1. 17 ⁇ - 2. 42mm.
- L 3 is a negative value
- the first parallel portion 3 c and the second parallel portion 3 d of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 are three-dimensionally overlapped with the patch conductor 8.
- the first parallel portion 3c and the second parallel portion 3d are three-dimensionally arranged inside the patch conductor 8. If L 3 is smaller than 1.17, the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 does not act as a radiation conductor, and the directivity is adversely affected even if the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 is inclined with respect to the direction of the radio wave. Is preferred because it does not give When L 3 is larger than 12.4, the state of power supply is good and preferable.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor is used as the power supply means, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor has a portion parallel or substantially parallel to the patch conductor, and the frequency of the radio wave for communication is 2.10-2. 65 GHz, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate
- the length of the first parallel portion 3c of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is determined. It is preferable that the sum of the length of the second parallel portion 3d and the length of the second parallel portion 3d is 8.7 to 28.7 mm, since the antenna gain is improved.
- the material of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 may be copper, tin, aluminum, iron, silver, gold, platinum, an alloy of these, or a metal whose surface is plated.
- the antenna device of the present invention When the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is not fixed by the hardened dielectric substance B as shown in FIG. 5 so as to have a mechanical strength to withstand vibration when the The material of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 preferably has a Young's modulus of 5 X 101 C) Pa or more, and particularly preferably 7 X 101 () Pa or more.
- the cross-sectional area of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 is set to 0.16 to 16 mm in order to have a mechanical strength enough to withstand vibration and to supply power efficiently. 2 , particularly preferably 0.64 to 2.25 mm 2 .
- the shape of the cross section of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 may be circular, polygonal, or the like, but is preferably circular in consideration of productivity.
- the mounting work for locking the upper lid case 18 to the lower case 20 as an antenna device is simple, and furthermore, the boundary surface through which electromagnetic waves pass is reduced and transmission or transmission as the patch conductor 8 is performed. It is preferable not to affect the reception performance. For this reason, it is preferable to use a low-loss dielectric material as the dielectric or to use the air space as the dielectric.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 a single-layer substrate or a multilayer substrate can be used as the second dielectric substrate 2.
- a single-layer substrate is used as the second dielectric substrate 2. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is preferable to use a single-layer substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a multilayer substrate may be used as the second dielectric substrate 2.
- the ground conductor 10 and the transmission conductor 14 are formed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 in the example shown in FIGS.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and at least one of the ground conductor 10 and the transmission conductor 14 may be provided inside the second dielectric substrate 2.
- the ground conductor 10 and the transmission conductor 14 are provided in different layers.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it can be used even if the ground conductor 10 and the transmission conductor 14 are provided in the same layer.
- a slot where the ground conductor 10 is not provided is provided in this layer, and the center or substantially the center of the slot is provided. Is arranged so that the transmission conductor 14 is not connected to the ground conductor 10 in a DC manner, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 or the columnar conductor 7 penetrates in the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate 2. Alternatively, it may be connected to the transmission conductor 14.
- the power supply means used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described power supply means and a power supply means described later, and any other power supply means may be used as long as antenna performance can be obtained. it can.
- the material of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 examples include various dielectric materials such as resin, ceramic, and glass.
- various types of printed substrates such as a glass cloth substrate fluororesin double-sided copper-clad printed substrate, a glass epoxy substrate, and a ceramic substrate can be used, which has durability. In addition, those with low cost are preferred.
- the patch conductor 8 the ground conductor 10 and the transmission conductor 14, for example, a conductor obtained by printing a conductor paste such as silver paste on a dielectric substrate and then firing the same, and applying a conductive paint to the dielectric substrate Or a conductor formed by attaching a copper foil or the like to a dielectric substrate.
- it may be formed of a copper foil provided on a flexible printed circuit board having a thickness that can be ignored with respect to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
- the patch conductor 8 or the like may be formed by attaching the flexible printed board to a separate dielectric board via an extremely thin adhesive layer or adhesive layer.
- the material and the production method of the patch conductor 8 and the like are not particularly limited.
- the materials of the upper lid case 18 and the lower case 20 are not particularly limited.
- various resins such as ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin, PEK (polyether ketone) resin, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) resin, PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) resin, PP (polypropylene) resin, and PA (polyamide) resin Resin, etc.
- the required durability of the antenna device, 1 is appropriately selected depending on the adhesiveness to the dielectric substrate 1 or the cost.
- an acrylic foam tape manufactured by 3M having a thickness of 0.8 mm, which is a double-sided adhesive tape, is used.
- the thickness and the material of the first dielectric substrate 1 are not particularly limited, and various double-sided adhesive tapes and adhesives are used in consideration of the adhesiveness and durability of the material of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the material of the lower case 20.
- a first dielectric window glass sheet of the substrate 1 is for a vehicle such as an automobile, the area of the ground conductor 10, if it is 1024 ⁇ 2304mm 2, for example, the scan Bae colonel a lower case 20 Patch It is preferable that the spacer is bonded to the window glass plate 1 so as to surround the conductor 8, and that the area where the spacer is bonded to the window glass plate has an area of 150 to 770 mm 2 . Further, since the spacer preferably has a vertical tensile strength of 196 N or more, if the area of the bonded portion is 150 mm 2 or more, the spacer has mechanical strength to withstand vibration.
- the bonding strength of the bonding portion 22 where the spacer is bonded to the window glass plate is 0.4 N / mm 2 or more, which is preferable in terms of mechanical strength and miniaturization.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example in which the lower case 20 as a spacer is bonded to a window glass plate.
- the lower case 20 is adhered to a window glass plate so as to draw four sides of a square or four sides of a substantially square in a strip shape. 4
- W 2 is the width of the outer periphery of the lower casing 20
- W 3 is the width with the patch conductor 8 of the inner periphery of the lower case 20.
- the frequency of the radio wave to be communicated is 2.10 to 2.65 GHz, and is between the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2, or between the patch conductor and the ground conductor.
- a dielectric substance is interposed between the dielectric substances and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substance is in a preferable range (2.56 to 5.80) shown in Table 1, a more preferable range or a particularly preferable range, W 2 is 33 ⁇ 50mm is preferable. If W 2 is 33 mm or more, antenna gain is improved, and if W 2 is 50 mm or less, miniaturization can be achieved.
- the thickness of the bonding portion 22 is 0.4 to 3.0 mm.
- the thickness of the bonding portion 22 is 0.4 mm or more, the curvature of the window glass plate can be absorbed, and the thickness of the bonding portion 22 is 3.0 m. When it is less than m, productivity is excellent.
- a hole 20a is provided in the lower case 20, which is a spacer, and / or a hole 2a for injecting the dielectric substance A into the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided. May be provided.
- the dielectric substance A having fluidity can be injected with a device such as a syringe through this hole. It is.
- the relative dielectric constant of 20 affects the antenna gain
- the relative dielectric constant of the lower case 20 is preferably 1.89 to 12.0, particularly preferably 2.7 to 4.0.
- the relative permittivity of the lower case 20 is 1.89 or more, the antenna gain is improved, and when the relative permittivity of the lower case 20 is 12.0 or less, the productivity is excellent.
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 shown in FIG. 3 is provided for transmitting and receiving left circularly polarized waves
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 shown in FIG. 8 is provided for transmitting and receiving right circularly polarized waves.
- the shape of the patch conductor of the present invention can cope with both left circular polarization and right circular polarization by changing the position of the pair of notches 8b. It is also possible to use for direct II polarization.
- the shape of the patch conductor is determined by a known technique similar to the shape of the patch conductor in the MSA, for example, a “small-sized planar antenna”.
- the patch conductor 8 can be configured.
- a notch or a projection is provided in a part of the patch conductor, and a degenerate separation element can be used.
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 is provided for transmitting and receiving left circular polarization, but the shape of the patch conductor in the present invention is not limited to the shape for left circular polarization.
- ⁇ In addition to left circular polarization, it can be used for linear polarization or right circular polarization, and is a well-known method similar to the shape of patch conductor in MSA, for example, "small and planar antenna"
- the patch conductor 8 can be configured. In particular, when using for circularly polarized waves, cut out a part of the patch conductor. A degenerate separation element can be used.
- the upper lid case 18 is fixed to a predetermined position on the first dielectric substrate 1 by being locked by a lower case 20 attached to the first dielectric substrate 1.
- the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 approaches the patch conductor 8 and is electromagnetically coupled with the patch conductor 8. Is done.
- the patch conductor 8 is formed on the window glass plate. That is, a window glass plate provided with a patch conductor is prepared.
- the method of forming the patch conductor 8 on the window glass plate is such that a paste containing a conductive metal, such as a silver paste, is printed on the inner surface of the window glass plate by screen printing or the like and baked.
- a conductive metal such as a silver paste
- the present invention is not limited to this forming method, and a foil made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the inside surface of the window glass plate, or may be provided inside the window glass plate itself.
- the marks used for positioning when forming the bonding portion 22 on the window glass plate in the subsequent steps may be formed simultaneously by the method of forming the patch conductor 8.
- the bonding portion 22 is formed on the window glass plate, or the bonding portion 22 is formed on the lower case 20.
- a dielectric material is formed on the ground conductor 10 on the second dielectric substrate 2.
- the upper cover case is attached to the convex portion 4 as the first fixing means provided on the outer peripheral portion of the lower case 20.
- the upper lid case 18 is attached to the lower case on the vehicle window glass plate so that the claw 5 serving as second fixing means provided on the inner peripheral portion of the case 18 is engaged or fitted. Lock to 20. That is, by fixing the second fixing means to the first fixing means, the upper case 18 is attached to the lower case 20 so that the upper case 18 covers the second dielectric substrate 2. It is attached.
- the window glass plate thus treated is fitted into the opening of the vehicle.
- fixing refers to all fixing means such as fitting, fixing, and sticking.
- the window glass plate to which the lower case 20 has been attached may be fitted in the opening of the vehicle in advance, and the upper cover case 18 may be attached after the window glass plate has been attached to the opening of the vehicle.
- the attachment of the upper lid case 18 to the first dielectric substrate 1 is not limited to the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the lower case 20 is not provided, and the upper lid case 18 is attached to the bonding portion. It may be attached to the first dielectric substrate 1 via 22. In this case, the upper case 18 functions as a spacer.
- the molding frame has a shape such that the dielectric substance on the second dielectric substrate 2 does not collide with the spacer when the second dielectric substrate 2 is fixed to the spacer. And dimensions.
- the shape of the molding frame may be substantially the same as the shape of the lower case 20 shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG.
- the upper lid case 18 is locked by the lower case 20 affixed to the first dielectric substrate 1 so as to be fixed on the first dielectric substrate 1.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 is separated from the first dielectric substrate 1 by a predetermined distance, and the columnar conductor 7 comes into contact with the island-shaped conductor 19 by being fixed at the position Connected to antenna element 6.
- the antenna device of the present invention can be assembled and can be attached to a vehicle window glass plate. Therefore, an antenna device that is inexpensive, compact, durable, has good workability, and is excellent in practicability without the need for connecting parts such as connectors is realized.
- a transmission conductor 14 of a microstrip line is provided on the second non-opposing substrate surface, and the transmission conductor 14 and the coaxial cable 16 are connected by soldering.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the coaxial cable 16 connected to an external circuit such as an RF circuit may be connected to the transmission conductor 14 by a connector.
- An LNA Low Noise Amplifier
- an LNA Low Noise Amplifier
- the antenna device of the present invention receives a weak signal from a satellite, it is preferable to mount a circuit component such as an LNA using the space 24. Further, by holding the second dielectric substrate 2 at an angle with respect to the first dielectric substrate 1, the distribution of the directivity of the antenna device can be adjusted.
- a circuit component such as an LNA
- FIG. 6 in this case, it is also possible to provide an island-shaped conductor that is a capacitance correction element according to the input impedance of a circuit component such as LNA, and adjust the size and gap of the island-shaped conductor.
- the patch conductor 8 is preferably formed on the inner surface of the window glass plate for a vehicle.
- the windowpane for a vehicle is preferably a front windowpane or a rear windowpane.
- a concealing film may be formed on the surface of a window glass plate for a vehicle, and an upper lid case 18 or the like may be provided on the concealing film.
- the concealing film may be a ceramic such as a black ceramic film.
- a concealing film may be formed between the patch conductor 8 and the surface of the vehicle window glass plate. That is, as shown in FIG.
- a part or all of the patch conductor 8 may be formed on a dielectric film 25 such as a concealing film formed on the plate 1.
- a dielectric film 25 such as a concealing film formed on the plate 1.
- the antenna device of the present invention is provided on the inside of the vehicle, and a colored intermediate film is sandwiched on the mating surface of the laminated glass plate, so that the antenna device provided on the vehicle interior side can be provided. You may shield so that it may not be visually recognized from the vehicle outside.
- the color of the interlayer is not limited to black.
- An insulating sheet or an insulating substrate (hereinafter, the insulating sheet or the insulating substrate may be collectively referred to as insulating support means 27) and a ground conductor 10 provided on the insulating support means 27. It is a microstrip antenna. Therefore, in this embodiment, the insulating support means 27 is provided on the patch conductor 8. With such a configuration, an antenna device can be configured without the second dielectric substrate 2.
- This insulating support means 27 can replace the spacer and the dielectric material. Therefore, even if the spacer is not provided on the window glass plate as in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the ground conductor 10 is supported by the insulating support means 27 at a predetermined interval from the patch conductor 8. be able to. In the example shown in FIG. 23, the coaxial cable and the like are omitted.
- a ground conductor 10 is usually provided on the surface of the insulating support means 27 opposite to the patch conductor 8 side.
- the ground conductor 10 should be provided with a slot, and the transmission conductor should be provided at the center or almost the center of the slot so that it is not connected to the ground conductor 10 in a DC manner.
- a ground conductor 10 may be provided inside the insulating support means 27.
- the transmission conductor 14 may be provided so as not to be performed.
- the ground conductor 10 is provided with a slot, and the transmission conductor is grounded at or substantially at the center of the slot. It is preferable that the conductor is provided so as not to be connected to the conductor 10 in a DC manner.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided, the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided on the insulating support means 27 on the side opposite to the window glass plate.
- the second dielectric substrate 2 may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- ground conductor 10 may be provided on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 opposite to the insulating support means 27 side.
- the transmission conductor 14 When the transmission conductor 14 is provided on the second dielectric substrate 2, the surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 on the side of the insulating support means 27, the inside of the second dielectric substrate 2, or The ground conductor 10 can be provided on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 opposite to the insulating support means 27 side.
- the insulating support means may be provided on the surface of the step, any layer of the second dielectric substrate 2, or the surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 opposite to the insulating support means 27 side. it can.
- the transmission conductor 14 is provided on the same surface or the same layer of the second dielectric substrate 2 on which the ground conductor 10 is provided, the slot portion is provided on the ground conductor 10.
- the transmission conductor 14 is provided so as not to be DC-connected to the ground conductor 10 at the center or substantially the center of the slot, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 or the columnar conductor ⁇ It may penetrate in the thickness direction of the body substrate 2 and be connected to the transmission conductor 14.
- the insulating sheet or the insulating substrate a single-layer sheet or a single-layer substrate can be used, and this is preferable from the viewpoint of improving productivity.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and a multilayer sheet or a multilayer substrate may be used as the insulating sheet or the insulating substrate.
- the power supply means When a power supply conductor such as the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 or the columnar conductor is used as the power supply means, insulate so that these power supply conductors can be arranged between the patch conductor 8 and the ground conductor 10.
- the support means 27 is provided with holes, through holes, grooves, and the like as necessary.
- the power supply means such as a power supply conductor and a coaxial cable is patched.
- patch conductor 8 and feeder The stages may be electrically connected.
- a dielectric layer may be formed and laminated on at least one of the surface on the side of the window glass plate and the surface on the side opposite to the window glass plate of the insulating support means 27.
- the means for providing the ground conductor 10 on the insulating support means 27, the means for providing on the window glass plate, and the means for providing the second dielectric substrate 2 on the insulating support means 27 are usually bonded. Adhesion with an agent. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other means can be used. As the material of the insulating sheet, synthetic resin, rubber, or the like can be used. As the material of the insulating substrate, ceramics, synthetic resin, glass and the like can be used. However, the material of the insulating sheet or the insulating substrate is not limited to these, and any material can be used as long as it has an appropriate relative dielectric constant and the necessary mechanical strength.
- the wavelength of radio waves for communication in the air is ⁇ .
- the distance is 0.
- the vehicle body opening edge 9 refers to the periphery of the opening of the vehicle body into which the window glass plate is fitted and which should serve as the vehicle body ground, and is made of, for example, a conductive material such as metal. It can be used even if the ground conductor 10 is electrically connected to or close to or in contact with the vehicle body opening edge 9.
- the portion of the antenna device of the present invention furthest from the vehicle body opening edge 9 in the example shown in FIG. 20, the peripheral edge 18 a of the upper lid case 18
- the antenna device of the present invention be provided on the window glass plate so that the shortest distance from the vehicle body opening edge 9 is 200 mm or less, particularly 100 mm or less.
- the ground conductor 10 and the like are omitted.
- the antenna device of the present invention is provided on the front window glass plate, the antenna device is formed, for example, within a range of 100 mm or less around the center line in the horizontal direction when the front window glass plate is mounted on the vehicle.
- the mounting position of the antenna device of the present invention be set to a position on the rear side of the rearview mirror when viewed from the driver's viewpoint, from the viewpoint of not hindering the driver's driving view and the design of the interior of the vehicle.
- the antenna device of the present invention is not only an antenna device for receiving satellite broadcasting using a frequency band of 2.3 GHz, but also a dedicated short range communication (DSRC) using ETC or a similar frequency band. ion) and various data communications Can also be used.
- DSRC dedicated short range communication
- various data communications can also be used.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- VICS Vehicle Information and Communication System
- it can be used for transmitting and receiving radio waves in the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), high frequency band (3 GHz to 30 GHz), and millimeter wave band (30 GHz to 300 GHz).
- UHF 300 MHz to 3 GHz
- high frequency band 3 GHz to 30 GHz
- millimeter wave band (30 GHz to 300 GHz.
- An antenna device as shown in Fig. 1 was manufactured using a window glass plate for an automobile.
- a glass plate was used as the first dielectric substrate 1
- a glass substrate-based fluororesin double-sided copper-clad printed circuit board was used as the second dielectric substrate 2.
- the dielectric material between the glass plate and the printed board was air.
- the conductor for electromagnetic coupling 3 used was a copper wire with tin plating.
- the antenna device was set so that the operating frequency was 2.3 GHz.
- the dimensions and constants of each part are as follows.
- Fig. 11 shows the return loss vs. frequency characteristics
- Fig. 12 shows the directivity.
- the patch conductor 8 was formed by printing a silver paste on a glass plate and firing it.
- the upper case 18 and the lower case 20 were made of ABS resin material.
- the thickness of the lower case 20 was 3 mm.
- an acrylic foam tape having a thickness of 0.8 mm was used as the bonding portion 22, and the lower case 20 was attached to the glass plate.
- a through-hole approximately equivalent to the diameter of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 was provided in the print substrate so that the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 penetrated.
- the copper foil of 0.5 mm (circle with a diameter of 2.0 mm) in the vicinity of the through hole is removed from the copper foil on the second counter substrate surface, and the substantially entire area excluding the vicinity of the through hole is removed.
- the copper foil was used as the ground conductor 10.
- a transmission conductor 14 of a microstrip line was provided by a copper foil on the second non-opposing substrate surface.
- One end of the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 was inserted into a through hole formed in the printed circuit board and connected to the transmission conductor 14 by soldering, and the electromagnetic coupling conductor 3 was fixed to the printed circuit board. Further, a coaxial cable 16 connected to the transmission conductor 14 was mounted on the printed circuit board.
- the antenna device of the example resonated at approximately 2.3 (GHz) and received approximately 2.3 (GHz) electromagnetic waves.
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 is set so as to function as an antenna for left circular polarization, but as shown in Fig. 12, the radiated electromagnetic wave has left circular polarization and good directivity. Then, it was found that the antenna functioned as a left circularly polarized antenna having good directivity.
- An antenna device as shown in FIG. 6 was manufactured.
- the first dielectric substrate 1 the same glass plate used in Example 1 was used, and as the second dielectric substrate 2, the same glass substrate as the fluororesin double-sided copper-clad printed circuit board used in Example 1 was used.
- the shape of the antenna element 6 was designed to resonate at a frequency of 2.3 GHz and emit electromagnetic waves.
- the dimensions and constants of each part are as follows.
- the return loss vs. frequency characteristics are shown in Fig. 13 and the directivity is shown in Fig. 14.
- the width of the gap between the island conductor 19 and the patch conductor 8 is 0.5 mm.
- the notch portion was formed by printing a silver paste on a glass plate and firing the patch conductor 8 and the island-shaped conductor 19 provided so that the radiated electromagnetic waves become right-handed circularly polarized waves.
- the upper case 18 and the lower case 20 were made of ABS resin material.
- the thickness of the lower case 20 was 3 mm.
- Acrylic foam tape (made by 3M) with a thickness of 0.8 mm is used as the bonding portion 22 to bond the lower case 20 to the dielectric substrate made of a glass plate, so as to surround the antenna element 6.
- the lower case 20 was stuck on a glass plate.
- a through-hole substantially equal to the outer diameter of the insertion portion of the columnar conductor 7 was provided. Then, the copper foil in the vicinity area around the through hole is removed from the copper foil on the counter substrate surface facing the glass plate as the first dielectric substrate 1, and the entire area except for the vicinity area of the through hole is removed. The copper foil was used as the ground conductor 10. Further, a transmission conductor 14 of a microstrip line was provided by a copper foil on a substrate surface on a side opposite to the substrate surface of the printed circuit board on which the ground conductor 10 was provided.
- a spring probe having a maximum protruding length of 5 mm to one end contacting the island-shaped conductor 19 is used, and the other end of the columnar conductor 7 is inserted into the through-hole formed in the printed circuit board. It was inserted and connected to the transmission conductor 14 by soldering, and the columnar conductor 7 was fixed to the printed circuit board. Further, a coaxial cable 16 connected to the transmission conductor 14 was mounted on the printed circuit board.
- the upper cover case 18 is provided with a columnar conductor 7, and the printed circuit board, on which the coaxial cable 16 connected to the transmission conductor 14 on the printed circuit board is mounted, is supported and fixed at a predetermined position and accommodated. .
- the upper cover case 18 was locked and fixed to the lower case 20 attached to the glass plate, and the antenna device of Example 2 was assembled. This At this time, the distance between the ground conductor 10 and the island-shaped conductor 19 was set to 4.5 (mm).
- the shape of the patch conductor 8 is set so as to function as an antenna for right circular polarization, but as shown in FIG. 14, the radiated electromagnetic wave has good directivity characteristics with right circular polarization. It was found that the antenna functioned as a right circularly polarized antenna having good directivity characteristics.
- Figure 15 shows the directivity when the printed circuit board is held at an angle to the glass plate. As shown in FIG. 15, the distribution of directivity can be adjusted in this way.
- the thickness of the glass plate was set to 3.1 mm, and an antenna device similar to that of Example 1 was manufactured except for the following description and the description in Table 2.
- Table 2 the units of distance, interval and length are all mm.
- the measurement frequency was 2.338 GHz.
- the size (length x width) of the glass plate was 20 ° x 200mm. Fig.
- FIG. 16 shows the characteristics where the horizontal axis is the length of one side (horizontal width and vertical width) of the square ground conductor, and the vertical axis is the antenna gain. Also, based on FIG. 16, the horizontal or vertical width L g of the ground conductor with the horizontal axis normalized, that is, the horizontal axis is L g X ( ⁇ .) ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ . FIG. 17 shows the characteristics in which the vertical axis represents the antenna gain.
- the characteristic line 30 is sample numbers 1 to 3 in Table 2
- the characteristic line 31 is sample numbers 4 and 5, and the sample number 6 is not shown in FIG.
- Line 32 is sample numbers 4 and 5 in Table 2
- characteristic line 33 is sample numbers 1 to 3
- measurement point 34 is sample number 6.
- the parallel portion 3 d is three-dimensionally arranged inside the patch conductor 8.
- the dimensions of lower case 20 of sample number 6 are as follows.
- FIGS. Fig. 18 shows the relative permittivity of dielectric substance A (curve 40) and 1 ⁇ (curve 41) as various values
- Fig. 19 shows L 2 (curve 42) and L 4 (curve 42) as various values.
- the curve 43) and the distance between the pane and the print (curve 44) are shown.
- Figures 8 and 19 are based on the values calculated by the method of moments. Industrial applicability
- An antenna device includes a first dielectric substrate having a patch conductor, and a ground conductor facing the patch conductor.
- a second dielectric substrate provided with a ground conductor on an opposing substrate surface facing the patch conductor is provided.
- the power supply means does not have a structure in which it is in contact with and connected to the patch conductor, there is no need to consider the durability of the contacting part, and reliability can be improved.
- the first dielectric substrate is a window glass plate for a vehicle and the patch conductor is formed on the glass surface inside the vehicle, the radiation is radiated from the patch conductor toward the external communication device.
- the number of dielectric interfaces through which electromagnetic waves pass is smaller than that of conventional MSA, and the reduction in transmission power and reception power (reduction in gain) due to the reflection of electromagnetic waves is reduced as compared with conventional MSA. .
- better transmission power and reception power than in the past can be realized, and the thickness of the antenna device can be reduced, so that the driver's field of view during driving is less likely to be disturbed.
- the second dielectric substrate since the ground conductor is provided on the second dielectric substrate facing the vehicle window glass plate, the second dielectric substrate has directivity from the vehicle window glass plate to the external communication device side (outside the vehicle).
- the transmission / reception power increases compared to the conventional CPA, which has bidirectional directivity on both sides.
- an antenna device mounted on a vehicle can be. Furthermore, it can be an antenna device suitable for GPS, digital satellite broadcasting, VICS, ETC, DSRC system.
- the present invention can be used for GPS, satellite digital broadcasting, VICS, ETC, DSRC system and the like for vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005505800A JP4337817B2 (ja) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | アンテナ装置 |
CN2004800107874A CN1778017B (zh) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | 天线装置 |
EP04729220A EP1624527B1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | Antenna device |
US11/256,050 US7365685B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2005-10-24 | Antenna device |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-119944 | 2003-04-24 | ||
JP2003119944 | 2003-04-24 | ||
JP2003-285224 | 2003-08-01 | ||
JP2003285224 | 2003-08-01 | ||
JP2004-065647 | 2004-03-09 | ||
JP2004065647 | 2004-03-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/256,050 Continuation US7365685B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2005-10-24 | Antenna device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004095639A1 true WO2004095639A1 (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
Family
ID=33314027
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/005880 WO2004095639A1 (ja) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | アンテナ装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7365685B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1624527B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4337817B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060009848A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1778017B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004095639A1 (ja) |
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US7489279B2 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2009-02-10 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | In-vehicle antenna apparatus |
JP2006191574A (ja) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-20 | Agc Automotive Americas R & D Inc | スロット結合パッチアンテナ |
EP1710860A3 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-12-27 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Multiple-element beam steering antenna |
US7224319B2 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2007-05-29 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D Inc. | Multiple-element beam steering antenna |
KR100809913B1 (ko) | 2006-09-25 | 2008-03-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 휴대용 단말기의 내장형 안테나 장치 |
JP2014156180A (ja) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-28 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 車載用電子機器 |
WO2015087486A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 無線モジュール |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1778017B (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
US20060109178A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
US7365685B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
EP1624527A4 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
EP1624527B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
JP4337817B2 (ja) | 2009-09-30 |
KR20060009848A (ko) | 2006-02-01 |
JPWO2004095639A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
CN1778017A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1624527A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
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