WO2004077599A1 - 非水系電解液およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非水系電解液およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004077599A1 WO2004077599A1 PCT/JP2004/002182 JP2004002182W WO2004077599A1 WO 2004077599 A1 WO2004077599 A1 WO 2004077599A1 JP 2004002182 W JP2004002182 W JP 2004002182W WO 2004077599 A1 WO2004077599 A1 WO 2004077599A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery having a high capacity, excellent storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, and continuous charging characteristics, and further, generating less gas. Background technology>
- the electrolyte used for the lithium secondary battery is usually mainly composed of a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
- the main components of the non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; cyclic carboxylic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and y -valerolactone. Have been.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that storage and cycle characteristics are improved because the formation of a non-conductive film on the negative electrode surface due to the asymmetric chain-like carbonate is suppressed by the formation.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that stabilization of the solution can suppress a decrease in battery capacity during storage.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate is used as a non-aqueous solvent.In Examples, a mixture of ethylene carbonate and getyl carbonate is used. .
- Patent Document 3 describes that aluminum corrosion can be suppressed. According to Patent Document 3, this cyclic imide salt can be used in combination with other lithium salts such as Li BF 4 and Li PF 6, and more than 10 mol times of other lithium salts. It is described that it is preferable to use a ratio.
- a continuous charging method is used in which a weak current is always supplied to maintain the charged state to compensate for the self-discharge of the battery. .
- a continuous charging method since the activity of the electrode is always in a high state, a decrease in the capacity of the battery is promoted, and gas is easily generated due to decomposition of the electrolyte.
- a safety valve may be activated in a cylindrical battery that detects when the internal pressure rises abnormally due to overcharging and activates the safety valve. In the case of prismatic batteries without a safety valve, The battery pressure can cause the battery to swell or even burst.
- Patent Document 1 (1) ethylene carbonate ne Ichiboku to dissolve the L i PF 6 in a non-aqueous solvent consisting of (2) methyl E chill carbonate and (3) vinylene carbonate electrolyte
- a non-aqueous solvent consisting of (2) methyl E chill carbonate and (3) vinylene carbonate electrolyte
- the cycle characteristics were improved, in most cases, there was no effect in preventing the capacity reduction due to continuous charging and reducing the amount of gas generated during continuous charging.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-185580
- Patent Document 3 Patent Document 3
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and has as its object to provide a lithium secondary battery having high capacity, excellent storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, and continuous charging characteristics, and further having a small amount of gas generation. I do.
- Li non-aqueous solvent composed of a specific solvent combination, Li PF 6 and Li BF 4 and Z or the general formula (1) A non-aqueous electrolyte solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt represented by the formula (1) has a small capacity reduction even after continuous charging and has a small amount of gas generated during continuous charging. That is, the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte mainly comprising a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent that dissolves the lithium salt. , the molar ratio of the L i PF 6 0. 2 ⁇ 2 molar / l, and L i BF 4 and Z or the following general formula represented by reduction compound (1) with respect to L i PF 6 0.005 ⁇ 0.4 And the non-aqueous solvent is
- the second aspect of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed primarily of non-aqueous solvent lithium salt and dissolving the as lithium salts, L i PF 6 to 0.2 to 2 Mo Honoré / l, L i BF 4 and 0.00 1 to 0.3 mol Z contained at a concentration of l, and non-aqueous solvent, (1) ethylene carbonate and / or propylene carbonate Natick Doo, (2 — 1) Symmetric chain carbonate, (2-2) Asymmetric chain carbonate, and (3) Non-aqueous electrolyte characterized by being mainly composed of vinylene carbonate.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a predominantly non-aqueous electrolyte and a nonaqueous solvent for a lithium salt and dissolving it, as the lithium salt, the L i PF 6 0. 5 ⁇ 2. 5 mole / Little, non-aqueous electrolyte solution characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1) at a concentration of 0.001 to 0.3 mol mol.
- R represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted by a fluorine atom. However, the alkylene chain excluding the side chain has 12 or less carbon atoms. Is.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a cylindrical battery manufactured in an example.
- the reference numerals in the figure are 1 for a battery case, 2 for a sealing case, 3 for an insulating gasket, 4 for a spiral electrode assembly, 5 for a positive terminal, 6 for a negative terminal, and 7 for insulation.
- Ring 8 indicates a current interrupting device.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention is mainly composed of a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent that dissolves the same as the usual non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the first characteristic of the non-aqueous electrolyte is that the lithium salt is Li i PF 6 And L i BF 4 and / or the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) in combination with L i PF 6 at a specific concentration, and L i BF 4 and Z or the general formula (1) a lithium salt represented by 1), in that it contains a specific ratio to L i FP 6.
- the concentration of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of L i PF 6 is 0.2 to 2 moles / liter.
- L i be the concentration of PF 6 is too high or too low, the electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution is lowered, the battery performance may be lowered.
- the concentration of L i PF 6 is 0.3 molnoliter or more, especially It is preferably at least 0.6 mol Z liter, and more preferably at most 1.8 mol Z liter, particularly preferably at most 1.5 mol Z.
- lower limit, upper limit value leaving at be combined arbitrarily.
- the concentration of Li PF 6 in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.5 to 2.5 mol / liter.
- the concentration of L i PF 6 in this case in particular 0.6 mol Z l or more, among others 0.7 mol / l or more, in particular 1.
- the following 8 mol / l, among them 1 5 mol / liter or less is preferable.
- lower limit upper limit values may be combined arbitrarily.
- R represents a linear or branched alkylene group which may be substituted by a fluorine atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene chain excluding the side chain has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl chain constituting the side chain of the alkylene group usually has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched.
- linear alkylene group examples include an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, and a pentamethylene group.
- branched alkylene group examples include 1-methylethylene group (propylene group), 2-methyl-trimethylene group, and neopentylene group. And the like.
- a fluorine atom can be replaced by any hydrogen atom of an alkylene group, but when an alkylene group is substituted by a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkylene group in which all hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group are replaced by fluorine atoms is used. preferable.
- lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) examples include lithium cyclic 1,2-ethanedisulfonoleimide, lithium cyclic 1,3-propanedisulfo-imid, and lithium cyclic 1,2-par Fluoroethanedisulfonylimide, lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropanedisulfonylimide, lithium cyclic 1,4,1-perfluorobutanedisulfonylimide, and the like. Of these, lithium cyclic 1,2-perphnololetangisolenorhinoleimid and lithium cyclic 1,3,1-perfluoropropyl pandisulfonylimide are preferred.
- the molar ratio of Li BF 4 or the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) to Li′PF 6 is usually 0.005 or more, preferably 0.01 or more, particularly preferably 0.05 or more. Usually, it is 0.4 or less, preferably 0.2 or less, more preferably 0.15 or less. In addition, in the range of the above molar ratio, the lower limit and the upper limit can be arbitrarily combined.
- the concentration of Li i BF 4 or the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) in the non-aqueous electrolyte is usually 00 1 to 0.3 mol / L. If the concentration of Li BF 4 or the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) is too low, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress gas generation and capacity deterioration during continuous charging. If the temperature is too high, the battery characteristics after high-temperature storage tend to decrease.
- the concentration of Li BF 4 or the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) is preferably at least 0.01 mol / liter, more preferably at least 0.02 mol / liter, and preferably at least 0.05 mol / liter. It is most preferable to set the above.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.25 mol / liter or less, and most preferably 0.18 mol / liter or less.
- the total should be within the above range.
- the upper limit of this ratio is also arbitrary, but if this ratio is too large, the battery characteristics after high-temperature storage tend to decrease. Therefore, the ratio is preferably 0.5 or less, particularly preferably 0.2 or less.
- the electrolyte contains Li PF 6 and a lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) as the lithium salt, it is sufficient that the electrolyte is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte at the above-described concentrations and ratios, respectively.
- the total of the lithium salt represented by L i PF 6 and formula in the electrolyte solution (1) is preferably a 0.7 to 1.7 mol / l.
- Nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention within a range which does not impair the effects of the present invention, and the arc can be used in the L i PF 6, L i BF 4 and the general formula (1) this application other than the lithium salt represented by It may also contain known titanium salts.
- L i inorganic lithium salts of C 1 0 4 like L i N (CF 3 S 0 2) 2, L i N (C 2 F 5 S 0 2) 2, L i CF 3 S0 3 , L i C (CF 3 S 0 2 ) 3 ⁇ L i PF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , L i PF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 ⁇ L i PF 4 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , L i PF 4 (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ L i BF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 , L i BF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , L i BF 2 (CF 3 S 0 2 ) etc. 2 and L i BF 2 (C 2 F 5 SO a) 2 fluorine-containing organic lithium salt, and the like.
- the concentration of the other lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5 mol / liter or less, particularly preferably 0.2 mol / liter or less.
- the lower limit is arbitrary, but it is generally preferable to add 0.01 mol / liter or more, particularly 0.05 mol / liter or more, in order to exert some effect by addition.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is that the non-aqueous solvent is (1) ethylene carbonate and / or propylene carbonate, (2-1) a symmetric chain carbonate,
- Ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate may be used alone or in combination, but it is preferable to use ethylene carbonate alone or to use ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate together.
- the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC) to propylene carbonate (PC) (EC: PC) is usually 99: 1 or less, preferably 95: 5 or less, It is usually at least 40:60, preferably at least 50:50.
- the volume of the nonaqueous solvent is a value at 25 ° C.
- the volume of ethylene carbonate is a value at the melting point.
- Examples of the symmetric chain carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, getyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate and the like. Among them, those having 5 or less carbon atoms are preferred, and particularly preferred are dimethyl carbonate and getyl carbonate. It is. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the asymmetric chain carbonate include ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl n-propyl carbonate, ethyl 1-propyl carbonate, and the like. Among them, those having 5 or less carbon atoms are preferred, and particularly preferred is ethyl methyl carbonate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the volume ratio of the sum of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte to the sum of the symmetric chain carbonate and the asymmetric chain carbonate is usually 10: 90-70: 30. It is preferably 10:90 to 50:50, particularly preferably 10:90 to 45:55, most preferably 15:85 to 40:60. If the total of the symmetrical and asymmetrical carbonates is too small, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, and if it is too large, the dissociation degree of the lithium salt decreases, and in any case, the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte may decrease. There is.
- ethylene carbonate and chain carbonate in the present invention include: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethynolecarbonate, ethynolemethynocarbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethinole carbonate and genetolecarbonate.
- examples include tinole carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, which provide an electrolyte having a good balance between cycle characteristics and large current discharge characteristics.
- a combination obtained by further adding propylene carbonate to these combinations of ethylene carbonate and chain carbonate is also mentioned as a preferable combination.
- the proportion of bi-lene carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte excluding the lithium salt is usually at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.3% by weight, most preferably at least 0.3% by weight. It is at least 5% by weight, usually at most 8% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight, particularly preferably at most 3% by weight.
- the lower and upper limits of the above vinylene carbonate ratio can be arbitrarily combined. Monkey
- vinylene carbonate has a function of forming a film on the negative electrode surface to improve cycle characteristics. If the ratio of vinylene carbonate is too small, the cycle characteristics cannot be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, if the ratio is too large, the internal pressure of the battery may increase due to gas generation during high-temperature storage.
- ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, symmetric chain carbonate, asymmetric chain carbonate, and biylene carbonate are combined to form a main component of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the total of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, symmetric chain carbonate, asymmetric chain force monocarbonate, and bielene carbonate accounts for at least 80% by weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte excluding the lithium salt. It is further preferable that the total is 90% by weight / 0 , particularly 93% by weight or more.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte having the above total in the above range is preferable because the cycle characteristics and the large current discharge characteristics are well balanced.
- Non-aqueous solvents other than vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, symmetric linear carbonate and asymmetric linear carbonate include, for example, cyclic carbonates having 5 or more carbon atoms such as butylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and the like.
- Cyclic ethers such as dimethoxetane and dimethoxymethane
- cyclic carponic esters such as ⁇ -petit mouth ratatotone and y-valerolatatotone
- linear chains such as methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and methyl butyrate Carboxylic acid esters and the like.
- the ratio of the non-aqueous electrolyte to the non-aqueous electrolyte excluding the lithium salt is usually 20% by weight or less.
- non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention has a small decrease in discharge characteristics due to continuous charging, but it is presumed as follows.
- vinylene carbonate forms a stable film on the negative electrode surface and improves the cycle characteristics.
- vinylene carbonate reacts with the charged cathode material
- continuous charging in which charging is continued at a constant voltage, the activity of the positive electrode is always high, so that the reaction between bene carbonate and the positive electrode material progresses, and the deterioration of the positive electrode active material is accelerated. Or increase the amount of gas generated.
- a part of the film component formed on the negative electrode surface is dissolved in the electrolytic solution, and the dissolved substance reacts on the positive electrode surface to accelerate deterioration of the positive electrode active material or generate gas. Become.
- the decomposition product derived from Li BF 4 suppresses the above reaction at the positive electrode, and does not inhibit the formation of a film on the negative electrode surface of vinylene carbonate 1. Furthermore, some of the L i BF 4, is reduced at the negative electrode surface to form a composite coating with vinylene carbonate and L i BF 4 on the negative electrode.
- This composite coating is thermally stable and has excellent lithium ion permeability. Furthermore, since the composite coating is difficult to dissolve, the dissolution of the coating components is suppressed, and as a result, the side reaction inside the battery is suppressed, so that the deterioration of the electrode active material is suppressed and good discharge characteristics can be maintained.
- Li BF 4 reacts more easily with the negative electrode material in a charged state than Li PF 6 , and when vinylene carbonate is not contained, a side reaction with the negative electrode material proceeds and the battery characteristics decrease.
- a stable film is formed on the negative electrode surface by coexisting with vinylene carbonate, and this film can suppress a side reaction with the negative electrode material.
- bi Ellen carbonate and L i BF 4 can be achieved and prevention of decrease in discharge characteristics due to continuous charging and improve the cycle characteristics.
- the ratio of vinylene carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte excluding the lithium salt is 0.3% by weight or more, and the concentration of Li BF 4 in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.02 mol / L or more. In such a case, the effect of the present invention becomes remarkable, which is preferable.
- the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) or a decomposition product derived from the lithium salt adsorbs on the active site of the positive electrode or The coating suppresses the reactivity of the positive electrode and suppresses side reactions of vinylene carbonate and other electrolyte components on the positive electrode. Furthermore, the lithium salt represented by the general formula (1) also forms a stable film having excellent lithium ion permeability without inhibiting the formation of a film derived from bicarbonate on the negative electrode surface. It is thought that the improvement in cycle characteristics, suppression of gas generation during continuous charging, and improvement in discharge characteristics can be achieved.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may contain other components, if necessary, such as auxiliary agents such as conventionally known overcharge preventing agents, dehydrating agents, and deoxidizing agents.
- overcharge inhibitor examples include biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-pentinobenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, and dibenzofuran.
- aromatic compounds not substituted with fluorine are preferred.
- oxygen such as biphenyl, alkyl biphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, etc. It is preferable to use a compound selected from aromatic compounds not containing the compound and a compound selected from oxygen-containing aromatic compounds such as diphenyl ether and dibenzofuran in combination.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains an overcharge inhibitor, its concentration is usually 0.1 to 5% by weight. It is preferable to include an overcharge inhibitor in the nonaqueous electrolyte, because the battery can be prevented from exploding or ignited due to overcharging, and battery safety is improved.
- these overcharge inhibitors react on the positive electrode and the negative electrode more than the nonaqueous solvent that forms the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and therefore, even when continuously charged or stored at high temperatures, the active site of the electrode becomes less active. It reacts and raises the internal resistance of the battery and generates gas, which causes the discharge characteristics to deteriorate significantly during continuous charging and high-temperature storage.
- Auxiliary agents for improving the capacity retention characteristics and cycle characteristics after high-temperature storage include bi-zoleethylene carbonate, phenolic ethylene carbonate, triphenylene propylene carbonate, phenylinoleethylene carbonate, erythritan carbonate and ⁇ ⁇ carbonate compounds such as spirobisdimethylene carbonate; succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, Carboxylic anhydrides such as cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and succinic anhydride; ethylene sulfite, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, methinolephonic acid methinole, busnolephane, sulfora , Snolleholen, dimethinoresnolephone
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention comprises (1) ethylene carbonate and Z or propylene carbonate, (2-1) symmetric chain carbonate, (2-2) asymmetric chain carbonate 1, and (3) vinylene carbonate. It can be prepared by dissolving Li PF 6 , Li BF 4 and Z or a lithium salt represented by the general formula (1), and if necessary, other compounds in a non-aqueous solvent containing it can.
- each raw material is preferably dehydrated in advance, and is preferably dehydrated to usually 50 ppm or less, preferably 30 ppm or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention is used as an electrolyte for a secondary battery, particularly for a lithium secondary battery. Suitable for use.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention using this electrolytic solution will be described.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is the same as a conventionally known lithium secondary battery except for the electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are interposed through a porous membrane impregnated with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention. It has a structure housed in a case. Therefore, the shape of the secondary battery according to the present invention is arbitrary, and may be, for example, any of a cylindrical type, a square type, a laminated type, a coin type, and a large size.
- the lithium secondary battery using the electrolytic solution according to the present invention generates little gas in a continuously charged state. Therefore, in a battery provided with a current interrupting device that operates due to an increase in battery internal pressure in the event of an abnormality such as overcharging, the use of the electrolyte according to the present invention prevents abnormal operation of the current interrupting device in a continuous charging state. Can be prevented.
- the thickness of the outer package is usually 0.5 mm or less, especially 0.4 mm or less, and the battery of the outer package is mainly made of metallic aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the volume capacity density is 11 OmAh / cc or more.
- a battery of 13 OmAh / cc or more, particularly 140 mAh / cc or more tends to cause a problem of battery expansion due to an increase in battery internal pressure.However, by using the electrolytic solution according to the present invention, battery expansion is reduced. Can be prevented.
- a carbonaceous material or a metal compound capable of inserting and extracting lithium, a lithium metal and a lithium alloy can be used. These may be used alone or in combination.
- carbonaceous materials particularly graphite or those in which the surface of graphite is coated with amorphous carbon compared to graphite, are preferred.
- the crystallite size (Lc) determined by X-ray diffraction by the Gakushin method is preferably 30 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, particularly preferably 100 nm or more.
- the ash content is usually preferably 1% by weight or less, 0.5% by weight or less, In particular, the content is more preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- the surface of graphite is coated with amorphous carbon because graphite having a lattice plane (002 plane) d-value of 0.335 to 0.338 nm in X-ray diffraction is a core material.
- a carbonaceous material having a larger d value on the lattice plane (002 plane) in X-ray diffraction than the core material is attached to the surface thereof, and the lattice plane in X-ray diffraction is larger than the core material and the nuclear material.
- the ratio of the (002 face) to the carbonaceous material having a large d value is 99 / 1-80 / 20 by weight.
- the particle size of the carbonaceous material is preferably at least l / im, and more preferably at least 3 ⁇ , particularly preferably at least 5 ⁇ , most preferably at least 7 Atm, as measured by laser diffraction scattering method. is there.
- the upper limit is preferably 100 / zm or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 40 / im or less, and most preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the specific surface area of the carbonaceous material as measured by the BET method is preferably at least 0.3 m 2 / g, more preferably at least 0.5 m 2 / g, particularly preferably at least 0.7 m 2 / g. Most preferred is 0.8m 2 // g or more.
- the upper limit is preferably not more than 25 Om 2 Zg, more preferably not more than 20.
- Om 2 Zg particularly preferably not more than 15. Om 2 / g, and most preferably not more than 10.
- semi-I straight width of the peak in the range of 1 570 to 1 620 cm _1 is, 26 cm one 1 or less, are preferred in particular 25 c [pi 1 below.
- Metal compounds capable of occluding and releasing lithium include Ag, Zn, A1, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Cu, and Ni. And compounds containing metals such as Sr and Ba. These metals are used as simple substances, oxides, alloys with lithium, and the like. In the present invention, from Si, Sn, 06 and 1 Those containing the selected element are preferred, and oxides or lithium alloys of metals selected from Si, Sn and A1 are more preferred.
- Metal compounds capable of occluding and releasing lithium or alloys with these oxides and lithium generally have higher capacities per unit weight than carbon materials represented by graphite, so higher energy density is required. Suitable for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium transition metal composite oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and lithium manganese oxide, and composites in which some of the transition metals of these composite oxides are substituted with other metals. Materials such as oxides capable of inserting and extracting lithium can be used.
- One type of positive electrode active material may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- any binder can be used as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the solvent and the electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
- fluorine-containing resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polymers having unsaturated bonds such as styrene butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber and butadiene rubber, and copolymers thereof, and ethylene copolymers.
- acrylic acid-based polymers such as methacrylic acid copolymer and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, and copolymers thereof.
- the electrode may contain a thickener, a conductive material, a filler, and the like in order to increase mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.
- Thickeners include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydro Xymethylsenorellose, etinoresenorelose, polybienoleanoreconore, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein and the like.
- Examples of the conductive material include metal materials such as copper and nickel, and carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- the production of the electrode may be performed according to a conventional method.
- it can be formed by adding a binder, a thickener, a conductive material, a solvent, and the like to a negative electrode or a positive electrode active material to form a slurry, applying the slurry to a current collector, drying the current collector, and then pressing.
- the density of the negative electrode active material layer after drying and pressing is usually 1.45 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 1.55 g / cm 3 or more, and particularly preferably 1.60 g Z cm 3 or more. It is. It is preferable that the density of the negative electrode active material layer be higher since the capacity of the battery increases.
- the density of the positive electrode material layer after drying and pressing is usually 3.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- a sheet electrode obtained by adding a binder or a conductive material to the active material as it is to form a sheet electrode, a pellet electrode by compression molding, or a method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, or plating is used. It is also possible to form a thin film of an electrode material on the electric body.
- Examples of the current collector of the negative electrode include copper, nickel, and stainless steel, and copper is preferable.
- Examples of the current collector of the positive electrode include metals such as aluminum, titanium, and tantalum or alloys thereof, and aluminum or alloys thereof are preferable.
- a porous film is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent a short circuit.
- the electrolytic solution is used by impregnating the porous membrane.
- the material and shape of the porous membrane are not particularly limited as long as they are stable in the electrolytic solution and have excellent liquid retention properties.
- Polyethylene sheets, non-woven fabrics and the like made of polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypyrene are available. I like it.
- the material of the exterior body of the battery used in the battery according to the present invention is also arbitrary, and nickel-plated iron, stainless steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, nickel, titanium, or the like is used. Examples>
- the d value of the lattice plane (002 plane) in X-ray diffraction is 0.336 nm, the crystallite size (L c) is 652 nm, the ash content is 0.07% by weight, the laser diffraction.
- the positive electrode (2) and the negative electrode (2) were wound together with a polyethylene separator so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode did not come into direct contact, and the outermost periphery was stopped with tape to form a spiral electrode assembly.
- insulating rings 7 were provided above and below the spiral electrode assembly 4 and inserted into a cylindrically shaped stainless steel battery case which also served as a negative electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode terminal 6 connected to the negative electrode of the spiral electrode assembly 4 is welded to the inside of the battery case 1, and the positive electrode terminal 5 connected to the positive electrode of the electrode body is connected to the gas pressure inside the battery. Activated when the temperature rises above a predetermined value. Welded to the bottom of the current interrupter 8.
- the current interrupting device and the explosion-proof valve were attached to the bottom of the sealing plate 2.
- the opening of the battery case 1 is sealed with a sealing plate and an insulating gasket 3 made of polypropylene to produce a cylindrical battery having a volume capacity density of 13 SmAhZc c. did.
- the cylindrical battery was charged at a constant current equivalent to 0.2 C to 4.2 V at 25 ° C, and then discharged to 3 V at a constant current equivalent to 0.2 C. This cycle is repeated three cycles to stabilize the battery.
- the battery is charged to 4.2 V with a constant current of 0.5 C, and the current value reaches 0.05 C with a constant voltage of 4.2 V.
- the battery was discharged at a constant current of 0.2 C to 3 V, and the initial discharge capacity was determined.
- 1 C represents a current value for discharging the reference capacity of the battery in one hour
- 0.2 C represents a current value of 1-5.
- the cylindrical battery was charged at 60 ° C. with a constant current of 0.5 C. After reaching 4.2 V, the battery was switched to a constant voltage charge and charged continuously for two weeks. After cooling the battery, discharge it to 3 V at a constant current of 0.2 C at 25 ° C. Then, the remaining capacity after the continuous charge test was measured, and the remaining capacity after the continuous charge when the discharge capacity before the continuous charge test was set to 100 was determined.
- Example 2 Using the obtained electrolyte, a cylindrical lithium secondary battery was fabricated, and the characteristics after continuous charging and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 Using the obtained electrolyte, a cylindrical lithium secondary battery was fabricated, and the characteristics after continuous charging and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 Using the obtained electrolyte, a cylindrical lithium secondary battery was fabricated, and the characteristics after continuous charging and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results. Example 2
- a cylindrical lithium secondary battery was fabricated using the obtained electrolyte, and the characteristics after continuous charging and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 3
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethynolemethinerecarbonate, dimethinolecarbonate and getylcarbonate (volume ratio 2: 4: 2: 2) was prepared by adding L i PF 6 dried to + min at a rate of 1.0 mol / liter. It was dissolved so as to obtain an electrolytic solution.
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethynolemethinorecarbonate, dimethinolecarbonate and getyl carbonate (volume ratio 2: 4: 2: 2) was added to 98 parts by weight of vinylene carbonate and 2 parts by weight of vinylene.
- the PF 6 1. was dissolved at a proportion of 0 Morunoritto Le was the electrolyte.
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethynolemethinerecarbonate, dimethinolecarbonate and getylcarbonate (volume ratio 2: 4: 2: 2) was added to 99.5 parts by weight, and 0.5 part by weight of vinylene carbonate was added.
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethynolemethynocarbonate, dimethycarbonate and getyl carbonate (volume ratio 2: 4: 2: 2) 1 part by weight of bicarbonate was added to 99 parts by weight, and L the i PF 6 1. was dissolved at a ratio of 0 mole Z liters was an electrolytic solution.
- Example 1 having both the symmetric linear carbonate and the asymmetric linear carbonate is superior to Examples 2 and 3 in terms of continuous charging characteristics and overall characteristics. You can see that.
- Example 4-way addition of L i BF 4 is excellent for continuous charge characteristics and service Ital characteristics ing.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethynolemethinolecarbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC getyl carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (1), and a polyethylene separator are laminated in the order of negative electrode, separator, positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode to produce a battery element.
- the aluminum-film thickness: 40 urn
- vacuum sealing was performed to produce a sheet-like battery.
- the battery After the battery whose capacity has been evaluated is immersed in an ethanol bath to measure the volume, the battery is charged with a constant current of 0.5 C at 60 ° C in a state sandwiched between glass plates, and then charged at 4.25 V After reaching, the battery was switched to constant voltage charging, and the battery was charged continuously for one week.
- the battery After cooling the battery, it was immersed in an ethanol bath to measure the volume, and the amount of gas generated from the volume change before and after continuous charging was determined.
- the general formula (1) represents a lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfoimide.
- a battery having high capacity, excellent storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, continuous charging characteristics, and a small amount of generated gas can be manufactured, and the miniaturization and high performance of a lithium secondary battery can be achieved. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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DE602004031086T DE602004031086D1 (de) | 2003-02-27 | 2004-02-25 | Wasserfreie elektrolytische lösung und lithium-sekundärbatterie |
EP04714453A EP1598895B1 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2004-02-25 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium secondary battery |
US11/026,398 US7083878B2 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2005-01-03 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium secondary battery |
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JP2003051684 | 2003-02-27 | ||
JP2003-51684 | 2003-02-27 | ||
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JP2003134694 | 2003-05-13 | ||
JP2003-174756 | 2003-06-19 | ||
JP2003174756 | 2003-06-19 |
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US11/026,398 Continuation US7083878B2 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2005-01-03 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium secondary battery |
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EP (2) | EP2259375B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004031086D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004077599A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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EP1806806A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2007-07-11 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and non-aqueous electrolyte |
JP2014519691A (ja) * | 2011-06-14 | 2014-08-14 | コミサリア ア レネルジー アトミック エ オ ゼネルジー アルテルナティブ | 非水性有機溶媒の四元混合物を含有するリチウム電池用液体電解質 |
US11283107B2 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2022-03-22 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary battery |
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KR101508788B1 (ko) | 2006-06-02 | 2015-04-06 | 미쓰비시 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 비수계 전해액 및 비수계 전해액 전지 |
KR100982325B1 (ko) | 2006-12-12 | 2010-09-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR101342509B1 (ko) | 2007-02-26 | 2013-12-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
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JP5323837B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2013-10-23 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 非水電解液リチウム二次電池 |
CN101803101B (zh) * | 2007-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 非水电解质锂二次电池 |
KR101147240B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-10 | 2012-05-21 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2012032471A1 (de) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von lösungsmittelgemischen mit geringem wassergehalt |
JP6386840B2 (ja) | 2013-09-13 | 2018-09-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質二次電池および電池パック |
JP6922927B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-14 | 2021-08-18 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
CN107959054A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-24 | 湖北环天高科新能源有限公司 | 一种动力电池用电解液 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1598895A4 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
EP2259375B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EP1598895A1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
EP1598895B1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
DE602004031086D1 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
EP2259375A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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