WO2004051754A1 - スピン注入素子及びスピン注入素子を用いた磁気装置 - Google Patents
スピン注入素子及びスピン注入素子を用いた磁気装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004051754A1 WO2004051754A1 PCT/JP2003/014830 JP0314830W WO2004051754A1 WO 2004051754 A1 WO2004051754 A1 WO 2004051754A1 JP 0314830 W JP0314830 W JP 0314830W WO 2004051754 A1 WO2004051754 A1 WO 2004051754A1
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- tunnel junction
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- spin injection
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66984—Devices using spin polarized carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
- G11B5/3909—Arrangements using a magnetic tunnel junction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
- G11C11/15—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements using multiple magnetic layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/10—Junction-based devices
- H10N60/128—Junction-based devices having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistor-like structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/1107—Magnetoresistive
- Y10T428/1121—Multilayer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/1107—Magnetoresistive
- Y10T428/1143—Magnetoresistive with defined structural feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/1193—Magnetic recording head with interlaminar component [e.g., adhesion layer, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spin injection element and a magnetic device using the spin injection element. Background yarn technology
- the magnetoresistance effect in which the resistance changes when an external magnetic field is applied to a metal or semiconductor, is used in magnetic heads and magnetic sensors.
- a magnetoresistance effect element using a tunnel junction and a ferromagnetic spin tunnel junction (MTJ) element and a spin injection element are attracting attention.
- MTJ ferromagnetic spin tunnel junction
- MRAM nonvolatile magnetic memory
- the conventional MTJ element has a ferromagnetic spin tunnel junction having a stacked structure in which a ferromagnetic layer / insulator layer / ferromagnetic layer is stacked in this order.
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance
- TMR 2 P, P 2 / (1 -P, P 2 ) (1)
- the spin polarizability P of the ferromagnetic layer takes a value of 0 ⁇ P ⁇ 1.
- the maximum value of TMR obtained at room temperature in an MTJ device is about 50% when a Co Fe alloy with a spin polarization of about 0.5 is used.
- the MTJ element is expected to be applied to a hard disk read head MRAM.
- MRAM the MTJ elements are arranged in a matrix, and a current is applied to a separately provided wiring to apply a magnetic field, thereby controlling the two magnetic layers constituting each MTJ element in parallel and antiparallel to each other. By this, 1 and 0 are recorded. Reading is performed using the TMR effect.
- spin injection The flow of current from a ferromagnetic material to a non-magnetic metal in this way is called spin injection. This is because ferromagnetic materials generally have different spin densities (different numbers of up-spin electrons and down-spin electrons) at the Fermi level, and spin-polarized electrons are injected when a current flows from a ferromagnetic material to a non-magnetic metal.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view
- FIG. 6 is a plan view thereof.
- a first tunnel junction 51 for performing spin injection and a second tunnel junction 5 for detecting a voltage due to spin current have a spin diffusion length L. They are arranged on the nonmagnetic metal 53 serving as a common electrode at an interval L4 shorter than s.
- the first tunnel junction 51 has a structure in which an insulator 54 and a first ferromagnetic material 55 are sequentially stacked on a nonmagnetic metal 53, and the second tunnel junction 52 has a nonmagnetic property. It has a structure in which an insulator 54 and a second ferromagnetic material 56 are sequentially laminated on a metal 53.
- the DC power supply 58 is applied so that the nonmagnetic metal 53 side of the first tunnel junction 51 is positive, and the ⁇ magnetic body 55 side is negative. At this time, the current flowing through the first tunnel junction is I.
- a voltmeter 59 is connected to the ferromagnetic material 56 of the second tunnel junction on the voltage detection side and the nonmagnetic metal 53.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5, in which a spin injection element 50 is provided on a substrate 57. Then, an external magnetic field 60 is applied in parallel to the plane of the substrate 57. When the external magnetic field 60 is applied, the magnetizations generated in the ferromagnetic material 55 of the first tunnel junction 51 and the ferromagnetic material 56 of the second tunnel junction 52 become magnetization 6 1, respectively.
- the magnetization is 62.
- the long sides of the patterns of the first tunnel junction 51, the second tunnel junction 52, and the nonmagnetic metal 53 are L1, L2, and L3, respectively, and the short sides are respectively W l, W 2, W 3.
- a DC power supply 58 is applied to the first tunnel junction 51 of the conventional spin injection element 50, and spin is injected by tunnel electrons.
- This spin-injected spin current (I s in FIG. 5) flows through a closed circuit in which the second tunnel junction 52 and the voltmeter 59 are connected at a distance L 4 shorter than the spin diffusion length.
- the resulting induced voltage is detected by a voltmeter 59 connected to the ferromagnetic metal 56 and the non-magnetic metal body 53 in the second tunnel junction 52.
- the external magnetic field 60 is controlled so that the magnetizations 62 and 63 of the ferromagnetic materials 55 and 56 used for the two tunnel junctions 51 and 52 are parallel and antiparallel to each other. Then, the sign of the induced voltage can be changed, so that the voltage detection becomes easy. For this reason, the second conventional spin injection device uses a magnetic tunnel junction that is strong against noise. It is expected as a resistance effect element.
- the detected output resistance R s is measured by the following equation (2).
- V AP and V P are induced voltages when the magnetizations of the ferromagnetic t raw layers 55 and 56 of the two tunnel junctions are antiparallel and parallel, respectively.
- V s Where Is is the current flowing through the second tunnel junction 52.
- the resistance of the non-magnetic metal 53 serving as the common electrode is small, so the detected output resistance R s is as small as 1 ⁇ or less, and a sufficiently large signal voltage for practical use cannot be obtained.
- the magnetization 61 of the ferromagnetic material 55 of the first tunnel junction 51 on the side where the spin injection is performed is reversed, and the second Since the magnetization 62 of the ferromagnetic material 56 of the tunnel junction 52 needs to be fixed, the sizes of the first tunnel junction 51 and the second tunnel junction 52 need to be changed from each other. For this purpose, it was necessary to make the aspect ratio (length / width) of the ferromagnetic material 56 of the second tunnel junction 52 larger than that of the first tunnel junction 51. .
- the distance L4 between the first tunnel junction 51 and the second tunnel junction 52 must be smaller than the spin diffusion length ⁇ .
- ⁇ ⁇ is generally 1 im or less. Therefore, the size of the ferromagnetic materials 55, 56 forming the tunnel junction must be 1 m or less, and further, sub-m or less.
- the conventional spin injection element has a problem that when the size of the ferromagnetic material is reduced, the magnetization reversal magnetic field is increased, and the conventional spin injection element does not operate at a low magnetic field.
- the ferromagnetic It is necessary to increase the area of the body 51 to some extent. Therefore, when the conventional spin injection element 50 is used as, for example, a storage element of a memory MRAM, there is a trade-off between reducing the magnetization reversal magnetic field and reducing the element area. For this reason, for example, when the magnetization reversal magnetic field is reduced, there is a problem that the element area of the tunnel junction becomes large and there is a limit in increasing the capacity. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a spin having a low current, a large change in resistance due to spin injection at a low magnetic field, a large signal voltage, and a magnetization reversal at a low magnetic field even when the element size is reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic device using an injection element and a spin injection element.
- the present inventors conduct theoretical studies on the spin accumulation of a nonmagnetic metal in a spin injection device. If the nonmagnetic metal is selected from a semiconductor, a semimetal, and a superconductor, the spin accumulation can be obtained. The inventors have found that the output resistance value R s is significantly larger than the case where the nonmagnetic conductor of the conventional spin injection device is a metal, and have completed the present invention.
- a spin injection device of the present invention includes a first tunnel junction and a second tunnel junction each having a non-magnetic conductor as a common electrode and the other electrode as a ferromagnetic material.
- the first tunnel junction and the second tunnel junction are arranged at a distance shorter than the spin diffusion length of the nonmagnetic conductor, and the first tunnel junction is a tunnel that injects spin from a ferromagnetic metal into the nonmagnetic conductor.
- the second tunnel junction is a tunnel junction that detects a voltage associated with spin injection of the first tunnel junction between the ferromagnetic metal and the nonmagnetic conductor, and the nonmagnetic conductor is more carrier than metal.
- the spin injection device of the present invention includes a first tunnel junction and a first tunnel junction each having a superconductor as a common electrode and the other electrode as a ferromagnetic material.
- a second tunnel junction is disposed at a distance shorter than the spin diffusion length of the superconductor, and the first tunnel junction is a tunnel junction that injects spin from a ferromagnetic metal into the superconductor.
- the tunnel junction is characterized in that it is a tunnel junction that detects a voltage associated with spin injection of the first tunnel junction between the ferromagnetic metal and the superconductor.
- the first tunnel junction and the first tunnel junction may be tunnel junctions in which an insulator is inserted between a nonmagnetic conductor or a superconductor and a ferromagnetic material. Further, at least one of the first tunnel junction and the first tunnel junction is formed by sequentially stacking an insulator, a ferromagnetic material, a nonmagnetic metal, and a ferromagnetic material on a nonmagnetic conductor or a superconductor.
- the ferromagnetic material on both sides of the non-magnetic metal is magnetically coupled antiparallel via the non-magnetic metal in the tunnel junction structure.
- the antiparallel coupling film magnetically coupled antiparallel via the nonmagnetic metal preferably has an aspect ratio of 1.
- an antiferromagnetic material is provided on the ferromagnetic layer of the second tunnel junction for detecting a voltage, and the antiferromagnetic material preferably fixes the spin of the ferromagnetic material.
- the spin injection element may be formed on the substrate.
- the spin injection device of the present invention can selectively use a semiconductor, a semi-metal, or a superconductor whose carrier density is smaller than that of a non-magnetic metal, thereby obtaining an output obtained by spin accumulation.
- the resistance R s can be non-magnetic conductors of the conventional spin injection device is significantly larger than that if it was metal.
- a large signal voltage can be obtained at a low current and a low magnetic field due to a large resistance change caused by spin injection.
- a magnetic device includes the spin injection element having the above-described configuration.
- the spin injection device of the present invention has a low magnetic field, a low current, a large output resistance R s , and the device dimensions can be miniaturized. It is possible to provide a magnetic device such as a magnetic head and a large-capacity MRAM having a large signal voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of the spin injection device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of a spin injection device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of a modification of the spin injection device of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of a conventional spin injection device.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of the spin injection device of the present invention.
- a first tunnel junction 2 for performing spin injection and a second tunnel junction 3 for detecting a voltage due to spin current have a spin diffusion length Ls.
- Ls spin diffusion length
- L4 short interval
- the first tunnel junction 2 has a structure in which an insulator 5 and a first ferromagnetic material 6 are sequentially laminated on a nonmagnetic conductor 4 or a superconductor 4.
- the second tunnel junction 3 has a structure in which an insulator 5, a second ferromagnetic material 7, and an antiferromagnetic material ⁇ are sequentially stacked on a nonmagnetic conductor 4 or a superconductor 4, I have.
- the DC power supply 9 is applied so that the nonmagnetic conductor 4 or the superconductor 4 ′ side of the first tunnel junction is positive and the ferromagnetic body 6 side is negative.
- the flowing current is I.
- the antiferromagnetic material of the second tunnel junction on the detection side 8 A voltmeter 10 is connected to the nonmagnetic conductor 4 or the superconductor 4 ′.
- the nonmagnetic conductor 4 is one of a semiconductor and a semimetal.
- the nonmagnetic conductor 4 and the superconductor 4 can be interchanged, and will be described as the nonmagnetic conductor 4 unless otherwise specified.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1.
- a spin injection device 1 of the present invention is provided on a substrate 11 covered with an insulator. Then, an external magnetic field 12 is applied in parallel in the plane of the substrate 11.
- the figure shows the magnetic field 13 generated in the ferromagnetic material 6 of the first tunnel junction when an external magnetic field 12 is applied, and the magnetic field 14 generated in the ferromagnetic material 8 of the second tunnel junction. Is shown.
- the long sides of the patterns of the first tunnel junction 2, the second tunnel junction 3, and the nonmagnetic conductor 4 are L1, L2, and L3, respectively, and the short sides are respectively W1, W2 and W3.
- the present invention is different from the conventional spin injection device 50 in that the common electrode of one tunnel junction 2 and 3 is not a nonmagnetic metal but a nonmagnetic conductor 4 or a superconductor 4.
- the second tunnel junction 3 on the detection side is that an antiferromagnetic material 8 is further laminated on the ferromagnetic material 7.
- the reason for using a semiconductor or semimetal as the nonmagnetic conductor 4 will be described.
- the present inventors have performed theoretical calculations of the spin injection device of the present invention, and when the nonmagnetic conductor 4 is an electric conductor such as a semiconductor and a semimetal, the output resistance value R S obtained by spin accumulation is as follows. (3) was found to be given by the equation.
- P j is the spin polarizability of the ferromagnetic materials 6 and 7 forming the tunnel junction (here, the two ferromagnetic materials 6 and 7 are made of the same material)
- RN is the resistance of the nonmagnetic conductor 4
- L 4 is the distance between the first tunnel junction 2 and the second tunnel junction 3, and is the spin diffusion length of the nonmagnetic conductor 4.
- the output resistance R s obtained by spin accumulation determined if ferromagnetic 6, 7 spin polarization of, as the resistance R N of the non-magnetic conductor 4 is large, and its, L 4 can be increased by making it sufficiently smaller than;
- a semiconductor or a semimetal is used as the nonmagnetic conductor 4
- these have a lower carrier density than the normal metal used for the nonmagnetic metal 53 of the conventional spin injection element 50.
- the output resistance R s obtained by spin accumulation can be increased.
- the nonmagnetic conductor 4 of the spin injection device of the present invention is any of a semiconductor, a semimetal, and a superconductor
- the nonmagnetic metal Spin is more likely to accumulate than the above metals, and as a result, the output resistance Rs can be increased.
- the reason why the antiferromagnetic material 8 is further provided on the ferromagnetic material 7 of the first tunnel junction 3 on the detection side will be described.
- the spin due to the magnetization 14 of the ferromagnetic material 7 is fixed in one direction by the spin valve effect due to the exchange interaction between the ferromagnetic material 7 and the antiferromagnetic material 8. Therefore, as in the conventional spin injection device 50, the aspect ratio (length / width) of the ferromagnetic layer 56 of the second tunnel junction 52 is larger than that of the first tunnel junction 51. This eliminates the need to perform the operation, and can reduce the element size.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of a spin injection device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the first tunnel junction 21 for performing spin injection and the first tunnel junction 2 for detecting a voltage due to spin current have an interval L shorter than the spin diffusion length Ls.
- a non-magnetic conductor 4 or a superconductor 4 'serving as a common electrode is provided.
- the difference between the spin injection element 20 of the present invention and the spin injection element 1 (see FIG. 1) is that the first tunnel junction 21 and the second tunnel junction 22 are formed of the nonmagnetic conductor 4 or It has a structure in which an insulator 5, a first ferromagnetic material 23, a non-magnetic metal 14, and a second ferromagnetic material 25 are sequentially stacked on a conductor 4 '. is there.
- the two ferromagnetic layers 23 and 25 on both sides of the nonmagnetic metal 14 are magnetically coupled antiparallel as shown in the figure. I have.
- the plan views corresponding to the other configurations are the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2, and therefore description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation principle of a modification of the spin injection device of the present invention.
- the first tunnel junction 21 for spin injection (see FIG. 3) and the second tunnel junction 3 for detecting voltage by spin current (see FIG. 1) are formed by spin It is disposed on the nonmagnetic conductor 4 or superconductor 4, which serves as a common electrode, at an interval L4 shorter than the diffusion length Ls.
- the plan views corresponding to the other configurations are the same as those in FIGS.
- At least one of the two tunnel junctions in the spin injection devices 20 and 30 having the above configuration is magnetically coupled to the two ferromagnetic layers 23 and 2 in antiparallel via the nonmagnetic metal 24.
- the reason for using the first tunnel junction 21 using 5 will be described.
- the external magnetic field 1 The demagnetizing field generated in the ferromagnetic materials 23 and 25 when 2 is applied is reduced, and the magnetization of the ferromagnetic materials 23 and 25 can be easily performed even when the external magnetic field 12 is low.
- the magnetization of the first tunnel junction 21 is inverted with a low magnetic field, that is, the magnetization reversal magnetic field is reduced, so that the element size can be reduced.
- the demagnetizing field coefficient becomes zero, so The field can be significantly reduced. Therefore, in this case, the device dimensions of the spin injection device can be further reduced.
- spin injection device of the present invention As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, spin injection device of the present invention, a low current and the output resistance R s obtained by spin accumulation at low magnetic field becomes very large.
- the pin injection device of the present invention exhibits a large output resistance value R s at a low current and a low magnetic field, so that a large output voltage can be obtained, and a highly sensitive magnetic element can be obtained when used as a magnetoresistive sensor.
- the spin injection element of the present invention exhibits a large output resistance value R s at a low current and a low magnetic field, so that a large output voltage can be obtained and the magnetic head which is a highly sensitive magnetic device for reading is used. Can be configured.
- the spin injection element of the present invention in a matrix and applying an external magnetic field by applying a current to a separately provided wiring, the magnetization of the ferromagnetic material of the first tunnel junction constituting the spin injection element is obtained.
- the sign of the voltage induced in the second tunnel junction becomes a positive state and a negative state.
- a magnetic device such as an MRAM can be configured.
- the capacity of a magnetic device such as an MRAM can be increased.
- a spin injection device 1 (see FIG. 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention was manufactured as follows.
- Substrate 11 A semi-insulating GaAs substrate was used as substrate 1, and a GaAs thin film to be a nonmagnetic conductor 4 doped with 100 nm Si as an impurity was formed on this substrate by molecular beam epitaxy.
- the cells were grown using the growth method (Mo1ecu1arBeamEpitaxy: MBE).
- A1 was formed to a thickness of 1.2 nm on the GaAs thin film.
- the A1 film was oxidized by a plasma oxidation method to form an A1 oxide, which was used as an insulator 5.
- 3 nm of C 0, which will be ferromagnetic materials 7 and 8, and 10 nm of IrMn as antiferromagnetic material 8 were deposited on the A 1 oxide.
- the multilayer film is finely processed using electron beam lithography and Ar ion milling, and the Si-doped Ga As film, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, is used as one nonmagnetic conductor 4.
- a structure in which two tunnel junctions 2 and 3 are arranged was fabricated. 31 Dope (& As film width W3 is 0.15 m, length 3 is 2 m. The size of the first tunnel junction 2 and the second tunnel junction 3 are both 0.5 imX The distance L 4 between the two tunnel junctions was varied below 1.
- an external magnetic field 12 is applied to invert the magnetic field 13 of C 0 of the first tunnel junction 2 so that the magnetizations of the two Co layers are parallel and anti-parallel to each other. performs voltage measurement to determine the output resistance R s of equation (2).
- R s 1.5 ⁇ .
- the value of the output resistance Rs is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the conventional spin injection device 50 using a normal metal.
- the value of the magnetization reversal magnetic field of the Co film was about 100 ⁇ e (oersted).
- a spin injection device 1 (see FIG. 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention was manufactured as follows.
- a Si (silicon) substrate coated with a thermal oxide film was used as the substrate 11, and an Nb (niobium) metal thin film to be a superconductor 4 ′ with a thickness of 10 O nm was formed on the Si substrate.
- A1 was deposited on this Nb thin film to a thickness of 1.5 nm.
- This A1 film was oxidized using a plasma oxidation method to obtain an A1 oxide serving as an insulator 5.
- C o Fe! Which becomes ferromagnetic materials 7 and 8 on A 1 oxide.
- IrMn was deposited to a thickness of 10 nm with an alloy film of 5 nm and antiferromagnetic material 8.
- the multilayer film is finely processed using electron beam lithography and Ar ion milling, and two tunnel junctions, each of which has a Nb thin film as one nonmagnetic conductor 4, as schematically shown in FIG. , 3 were fabricated.
- the width W3 of the Nb thin film is 0.25 m and the length 3 is 2 m.
- the size of each of the first tunnel junction 2 and the second tunnel junction 3 was set to 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
- two tunnel junctions The distance L4 between was varied variously below l ⁇ m.
- the first tunnel junction spin injection device 1 of the present invention thus has been manufactured, 1. at a temperature of 5 K, (0 9 6 1 .
- the external magnetic field 1 2 by applying a inverts the ⁇ I ⁇ 1 3 of the first C 0 90 F e 10 alloy film of the tunnel junction 2, two C 0 90 F e 10 Alloy Voltage measurement was performed with the magnetizations of the films being parallel and antiparallel to each other, and the output resistance R s of equation (2) was obtained.
- L 4 0.2 ⁇ m
- R s was 20 ⁇ .
- the output resistance R s rather than the conventional spin injection device 5 0 using normal metal, about three orders of magnitude larger value der ivy.
- the value of the external magnetic field required for the magnetization reversal of the Co film was about 10 O Oe (oersted).
- the spin injection device 20 was manufactured as follows. Co ⁇ F e of the first tunnel junction 2 in the second embodiment. Same as Example 2 except that the alloy was a three-layer film of Co 9D Fe 10 (5 nm) / Ru (0.45 nm) / Co 90 Fe, ⁇ (3 nm) As a result, a spin injection device 20 was manufactured in which the ferromagnetic materials 23 and 25 of the first tunnel junction 21 and the second tunnel junction 2 were magnetically coupled antiparallel via the nonmagnetic metal 24 (FIG. 3). See). In production, Co 9 . F e 10
- the first tunnel junction 2 of the spin injection device 20 of the present invention thus manufactured
- the magnitude of the magnetization reversal magnetic field is about 300 e.
- the magnitude of the magnetization reversal magnetic field is the magnetization reversal magnetic field when Co 9 o Fe, ⁇ (thickness: 5 nm) is used as the ferromagnetic material 6 in the first tunnel junction 2 in Example 2 described above. Compared to 1 000 e, it was less than 1/3.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and it goes without saying that they are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- a semiconductor is used as the non-magnetic conductor, but it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to semimetals such as Bi and FeSi.
- the magnetic device using the spin injection element of the present invention has been described with respect to a magnetoresistive sensor, an MRAM, and a magnetic head, but it goes without saying that the magnetic device can be applied to other magnetic devices.
- a very large output resistance Rs can be obtained with a low current and a low external magnetic field.
- the spin injection device of the present invention can obtain a very large output resistance Rs in a low magnetic field, and thus can be much finer than a conventional spin injection device.
- the spin injection element can provide a novel magnetic device when used in a magnetic device. If this spin injection device is used in a magnetic device, it is possible to realize an MRAM with a high sensitivity magnetic head and a large signal voltage, and to provide various high sensitivity magnetic field sensors.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/536,437 US7755929B2 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-11-20 | Spin-injection device and magnetic device using spin-injection device |
EP03774094A EP1571712A4 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-11-20 | SPIN INJECTION DEVICE AND MAGNETIC DEVICE USING THE SPIN INJECTION DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2002-349262 | 2002-11-29 | ||
JP2002349262A JP4714918B2 (ja) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | スピン注入素子及びスピン注入素子を用いた磁気装置 |
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WO2004051754A1 true WO2004051754A1 (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
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US (1) | US7755929B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1571712A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4714918B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100678758B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004051754A1 (ja) |
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US7755929B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
KR20050083957A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
JP4714918B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
EP1571712A4 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
EP2144295A3 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
US20060022220A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
EP2144295A2 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
KR100678758B1 (ko) | 2007-02-02 |
JP2004186274A (ja) | 2004-07-02 |
EP1571712A1 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
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