Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
  • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
  • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
  • G09G3/3674—Details of drivers for scan electrodes
  • G09G3/3677—Details of drivers for scan electrodes suitable for active matrices only
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
  • G09G2330/08—Fault-tolerant or redundant circuits, or circuits in which repair of defects is prepared

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) apparatus, and more particularly, to an LCD apparatus having improved display characteristics.
• LCD Liquid Crystal Display
• a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus generally includes two substrates, each having an electrode formed on an inner surface thereof, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two substrates.
• a voltage is applied to the electrodes to re-align liquid crystal molecules and control an amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer, thereby obtaining desired images.
• TFT-LCDs are now the most common type of LCDs. Electrodes are formed on each of the two substrates and thin film transistors (TFTs) are used for switching power supplied to each electrode.
• the TFT is typically formed on one side of the two substrates.
• an LCD apparatus in which TFTs are respectively formed in unit pixel regions is classified as an amorphous silicon type TFT-LCD (amorphous-Si TFT-LCD) and a polycrystalline silicon type TFT-LCD (poly-Si TFT-LCD).
• the poly-Si TFT-LCD apparatus has the advantages of lower power consumption and lower price compared with the amorphous- Si TFT-LCD apparatus but has a drawback in that its manufacturing process is complicated.
• the poly-Si TFT-LCD apparatus is mainly used in small sized displays, such as mobile phones, and the amorphous-Si TFT-LCD apparatus, due to its ease of application to a large screen and high production yield, is applied to large sized displays such as notebook personal computers (PC), LCD monitors, high definition (HD) televisions, etc..
• An embodiment of the present invention provides an LCD capable of being operated in high-speed.
• Another embodiment of the present invention provides an LCD capable of preventing a gate driving signal from being delayed.
• a further embodiment of the present invention provides an LCD capable of preventing a gate driving signal from being delayed with a redundancy function.
• an LCD apparatus comprises a timing controller for outputting an image signal, a first timing signal, a second timing signal and a clock generating control signal in response to an external signal; a clock generator for generating a first clock signal and a second clock signal having different phase from the first clock signal, for controlling the first and second clock signals to determine a voltage level of a gate driving signal during a first period, and for controlling the first and second clock signals to be charged or discharged during a second period;; a gate driver for sequentially outputting the gate driving signal in response to the first timing signal, the first clock signal and the second clock signal; a data driver for outputting the image signal in response to the second timing signal; and an LCD panel having a plurality of data lines for receiving the image signal, a plurality of gate lines for receiving the gate driving signal, and a switching device connected to the data and gate lines, for outputting the image signal in response to the gate driving signal.
• an LCD apparatus comprises an LCD panel having a plurality of gate lines extended in a first direction, a plurality of data lines extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a switching device having a first electrode connected to the gate lines and a second electrode connected to the data lines and a pixel electrode connected to a third electrode of the switching device; a gate driver connected to the gate lines for sequentially applying a gate driving signal to the gate lines; a data driver connected to the data lines for applying a data driving signal to the data lines; and a discharger for discharging a second gate driving signal applied to a present gate line in response to a first gate driving signal applied to a next gate line.
• an LCD apparatus comprises an LCD panel having a plurality of gate lines extended in a first direction, a plurality of data lines extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a switching device having a first electrode connected to the gate lines and a second electrode connected to the data lines and a pixel electrode connected to a third electrode of the switching device; a first gate driver connected to first ends of the gate lines for sequentially applying a gate driving signal to the gate lines; a second gate driver connected to second ends of the gate lines for sequentially applying the gate driving signal to the gate lines when the first gate driver is misoperated; a data driver connected to the data lines for applying a data driving signal to the data lines; and a first discharger for discharging a second gate driving signal applied to a present gate line in response to a first gate driving signal applied to a next gate line when the first gate driver is operated; and a second discharger for discharging the second gate driving signal in response to the second gate driving signal when the second gate driver is operated.
• the LCD apparatus may be operated in high-speed due to the first and second clock signals respectively having a first period for determining the voltage level of the gate driving signal and a second period for charging or discharging the first and second clock signals.
• the discharging transistor connected to first ends of gate lines discharges a present stage before operating a next stage, thereby preventing the gate driving signal from being delayed.
• the gate lines include the first gate driver and the second gate driver for operating the gate lines while the first gate driver is operated in an abnormal state.
• the LCD apparatus may be operated in normal state due to the second gate driver.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an LCD apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the clock generator shown in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of respective elements shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the D-flip flop shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of the D-flip flop shown in FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing the first voltage applying circuit shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the second voltage applying circuit shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the charging/discharging circuit shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 9 is a waveform of first and second clock signals from the clock generator shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 10 is a waveform of current needed to output the first and second clock signals from the clock generator shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 11 is an output waveform simulated at a respective stage according to the first and second clock signals
• FIGS. 12 and 13 are waveforms of clock generating control signals according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an LCD apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing a discharger shown in FIG. 14;
• FIG. 16 is a waveform simulated at the discharger shown in FIG. 15;
• FIG. 17 is a waveform of a gate driving signal of the LCD apparatus shown in FIG. 14;
• FIG. 18 is a waveform of a conventional gate driving signal
• FIG. 19 is a waveform of the gate driving signal according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 14;
• FIGS. 20 and 21 are schematic views showing LCD apparatuses according to other embodiments of the present invention;
• FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing the first gate driver shown in FIG. 20;
• FIG. 23 is a waveform of output from the first gate driver shown in FIG. 22;
• FIG. 24 is a waveform showing output signals of the first gate driver in the case of applying the first power voltage to the first power voltage input terminal of the second gate driver shown in FIG. 20;
• FIG. 25 is a waveform showing output signals of the first gate driver in the case of applying the second power voltage to the first and second clock input terminals of the second gate driver shown in FIG. 20.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an LCD apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• an LCD apparatus 400 includes an LCD panel 100 on which gate and data drivers 110 and 120 are disposed, a timing controller 200 for controlling the LCD panel 100 in response to an external signal and a clock generator 300 for generating first and second clock signals CKV and CKNB applied to the gate driver 110.
• the timing controller 200 generates timing signals to control the gate and data drivers 110 and 120.
• the timing controller 200 applies a horizontal start signal STH to the data driver 120 in response to an H-sync (Horizontal synchronization) signal provided from an external device.
• the data driver 120 converts image data provided from the timing controller 200 into analog image data and supplies the analog image data to data lines in response to the horizontal start signal STH from the timing controller 200.
• the timing controller 200 applies a first vertical start signal STN to the clock generator 300 in response to a V-sync (Vertical synchronization) signal provided from the external device.
• V-sync Very synchronization
• the timing controller 200 applies a gate clock signal CPV for determining a period of a gate driving signal, an enable signal OE for enabling the gate driving signal and a charging/discharging control signal CHC for controlling charging or discharging of the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB to the clock generator 300.
• the LCD panel 100 includes a plurality of gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn extended in a first direction, a plurality of data lines Dl ⁇ Dm extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a TFT 130 connected to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn and data lines Dl ⁇ Dm and a pixel electrode 140 connected to the TFT 130.
• the LCD panel 100 includes the gate driver 110 for sequentially applying the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn and the data driver 120 for applying the data signal to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm.
• the LCD panel 100 further includes a TFT substrate, a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal interposed between the TFT substrate and the color filter substrate.
• the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn, the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm, the TFT 130 and the pixel electrode 140 are disposed on the TFT substrate.
• the data driver 120 generates a data signal applied to respective pixels of the LCD panel 100 in response to the horizontal start signal STH.
• the data signal generated from the data driver 120 is a charging voltage for charging the respective pixels.
• the gate driver 110 includes a shifter register in which plural stages are connected one after another to each other and the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn are connected to the plural stages, respectively. Therefore, the plural stages sequentially output the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn. That is, the gate driver 110 sequentially applies the gate driving signal having a high level period to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn to control the data signal applied to respective pixels in response to a second vertical start signal STVB having a phase opposite to that of the first vertical start signal STV.
• the gate driving signal has a voltage level sufficient to drive the TFT 130 connected to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn. When the TFT 130 is operated in response to the gate driving signal, the data signal is applied to the pixel electrode 140 through the TFT 130 to charge the liquid crystal layer.
• the clock generator 300 outputs the first clock signal CKV and the second clock signal CKVB having a phase opposite to that of the first clock signal CKV in response to the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE.
• the first clock signal CKV is applied to odd-numbered stages of the gate driver 110 and the second clock signal CKVB is applied to even-numbered stages of the gate driver 110.
• the clock generator 300 includes first and second voltage applying circuits (not shown) and a charging/discharging circuit (not shown).
• the first and second voltage applying circuits generate the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB having a predetermined voltage so as to determine a level of the gate driving signal in response to the gate clock signal CPV, the enable signal OE and the first vertical start signal STV.
• the charging/discharging circuit controls the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB to be charged or discharged in response to the gate clock signal CPV and the charging/discharging signal CHC.
• the clock generator 300 outputs the second vertical start signal STVB to the gate driver 110 to sequentially apply the first vertical start signal STV from the gate driver 110 to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB have a predetermined voltage during a first period and is charged or discharged during a second period.
• a pulse width of the gate driving signal is reduced, so that the gate driver 110 may be operated in high-speed.
• the clock generator 300 may use the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE without additional control signals applied to the clock generator 300 to generate the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the clock generator shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of respective elements shown in FIG. 2.
• the clock generator 300 includes a D-flip flop 310 for outputting a first clock enable signal OCS (Odd Clock Pulse) and a second clock enable signal ECS (Even Clock Pulse), a first voltage applying circuit 320 for outputting the first clock signal CKV in response to the first clock enable signal
• OCS Order Clock Pulse
• ECS Extended Clock Pulse
• a second voltage applying circuit 330 for outputting the second clock signal CKVB in response to the second clock enable signal ECS and a charging/discharging circuit 340 for charging or discharging the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB.
• the D-flip flop 310 receives the vertical start signal STV and synchronizes with the enable signal OE so as to output the first and second clock enable signals OCS and ECS through first and second terminals QB and Q, respectively.
• the enable signal OE delays the output from the gate driver 110 by a delay time of the gate driving signal. That is, the enable signal OE has a high level while the gate driving signal is delayed during first period IH.
• the first voltage applying circuit 320 outputs the first clock signal CKV having the predetermined voltage during the first period in response to the gate clock signal CPV, the enable signal OE and the first clock enable signal OCS.
• the second voltage applying circuit 330 outputs the second clock signal CKVB having the predetermined voltage during the first period in response to the gate clock signal CPV, the enable signal OE and the second clock enable signal ECS.
• the charging/discharging circuit 340 receives the gate clock signal CPV and charges or discharges the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB when the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are turned off.
• the gate clock signal CPV has a first period IH and the enable signal OE is generated in the first period IH and has a high level of a predetermined duty while the gate driving signal is delayed.
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are operated.
• the charging/discharging circuit 340 is operated.
• the first voltage applying circuit 320, the second voltage applying circuit 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340 are in a disable state.
• the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE have the low level or high level, respectively.
• FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the D-flip flop shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
• FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of the D-flip flop shown in FIG. 4.
• the D-flip flop 310 when the D-flip flop 310 is cleared in response to the second vertical start signal STVB having the phase opposite to that of the first vertical start signal STV, the second clock enable signal ECS outputted from the first terminal QB of the D-flip flop 310 has a high level. That is, the D-flip flop 310 receives the first vertical start signal STV and outputs the first and second clock enable signals OCS and ECS having two high levels (2H) as one period in response to the enable signal OE inputted through a clock terminal CLK thereof.
• the first clock enable signal OCS enables the first voltage applying circuit 320 that outputs the first clock signal CKV applied to the odd-numbered stages of the gate driver 110 and the second clock enable signal ECS enables the second voltage applying circuit 330 that outputs the second clock signal CKVB applied to the even-numbered stages of the gate driver 110.
• FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing the first voltage applying circuit shown in FIG. 2 and
• FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the second voltage applying circuit shown in FIG. 2.
• the first voltage applying circuit 320 includes a first power voltage supplier 321 for supplying a first power voltage Von to the first clock signal CKV in response to the first clock enable signal OCS having a high level and a second power voltage supplier 323 for supplying a second power voltage Voff to the first clock signal CKV in response to the first clock enable signal OCS having a low level.
• the first power voltage supplier 321 includes an on- voltage generator 321a and a first controller 321b for controlling operation of the on-voltage generator 321a.
• the first controller 321b includes a first transistor TI, a second transistor T2, a first resistor Rl and a second resistor R2.
• the first transistor TI includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the enable signal OE and a collector connected to an emitter of the second transistor T2.
• the first resistor Rl is connected between a base of the first transistor TI and a terminal for the first clock enable signal OCS.
• the second transistor T2 has a collector connected to the on-voltage generator 321a.
• the second resistor R2 is connected between a base of the second transistor T2 and a terminal for the gate clock signal CPV.
• the first transistor TI is turned on in response to a voltage difference between the first clock enable signal OCS and the enable signal OE and the second transistor T2 is turned on in response to a voltage difference between the enable signal OE provided from the first transistor TI and the gate clock signal CPV, thereby controlling operation of the on-voltage generator 321a.
• the on-voltage generator 321a includes a third transistor T3, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5.
• the third transistor T3 includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the first power voltage Von and a collector connected to a terminal for the first clock signal CKV.
• the third resistor R3 is connected between the emitter and a base of the third transistor T3.
• the fourth and fifth resistors R4 and R5 are connected between the base of the third transistor T3 and the collector of the second transistor T2 in series.
• the third transistor T3 outputs the first clock signal CKV through the terminal.
• the second power voltage supplier 323 includes an off-voltage generator 323a and a second controller 323b for controlling the off-voltage generator 323a.
• the second controller 323b includes a fourth transistor T4, a fifth transistor T5 and sixth to eleventh resistors R6-R11.
• the fourth fransistor T4 includes an emitter connected to the terminal for the gate clock signal CPV and a collector connected to the fifth transistor T5.
• the sixth resistor R6 is connected between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor T4.
• the seventh and eighth resistors R7 and R8 are connected between the base of the fourth fransistor T4 and the terminal for the enable signal OE in series.
• the fifth transistor T5 includes a collector connected to the off-voltage generator 323a.
• the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the emitter and base of the fifth fransistor T5.
• the tenth and eleventh resistors RIO and Rl 1 are connected between the base of the fifth transistor T5 and the terminal for first clock enable signal OCS in series.
• the fourth transistor T4 outputs the gate clock signal CPV in response to a voltage difference between the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE and the fifth transistor T5 outputs the gate clock signal CPV in response to a voltage difference between the gate clock signal CPV outputted from the fourth transistor T4 and the first clock enable signal OCS.
• the gate clock signal CPV outputted from the fifth transistor T5 is provided to the off-voltage generator 323a.
• the off-voltage generator 323a includes a sixth transistor T6, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13 and a fourteenth resistor R14.
• the sixth transistor T6 includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the second power voltage Voff and a collector connected to a terminal for the first clock signal CKV.
• the twelfth resistor R12 is connected between the collector of the fifth transistor T5 and first terminals of the thirteenth and fourteenth resistors R13 and R14 in parallel, a second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the emitter of the sixth transistor T6 and a second terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to a base of the sixth transistor T6.
• the first to sixth transistors TI, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are bipolar junction transistors.
• the second voltage applying circuit 330 includes a first power voltage supplier 331 for supplying a first power voltage Von to the second clock signal CKVB in response to the second clock enable signal ECS having a high level and a second power voltage supplier 333 for supplying a second power voltage Voff to the second clock signal CKVB in response to the second clock enable signal ECS having a low level.
• the first power voltage supplier 331 includes an on-voltage generator 331a and a first controller 331b for controlling operation of the on-voltage generator 331a.
• the first controller 33 lb includes a first transistor TI, a second transistor T2, a first resistor Rl and a second resistor R2.
• the first transistor TI includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the enable signal OE and a collector connected to an emitter of the second transistor T2.
• the first resistor Rl is connected between a base of the first transistor TI and a terminal for the second clock enable signal ECS.
• the second transistor T2 includes a collector connected to the on-voltage generator 331a.
• the second resistor R2 is connected between a base of the second transistor T2 and a terminal for the gate clock signal CPV.
• the first transistor TI is turned on in response to a voltage difference between the second clock enable signal ECS and the enable signal OE and the second transistor T2 is turned on in response to a voltage difference between the enable signal OE provided from the first transistor TI and the gate clock signal CPV, thereby controlling operation of the on-voltage generator 331a.
• the on-voltage generator 331a includes a third transistor T3, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5.
• the third transistor T3 includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the first power voltage Von and a collector connected to a terminal for the second clock signal CKVB.
• the third resistor R3 is connected between the emitter and a base of the third transistor T3.
• the fourth and fifth resistors R4 and R5 are connected between the base of the third fransistor T3 and the collector of the second transistor T2 in series.
• the third transistor T3 outputs the second clock signal CKVB through the terminal.
• the second power voltage supplier 333 includes an off-voltage generator 333a and a second controller 333b for controlling the off-voltage generator 323a.
• the second controller 333b includes a fourth fransistor T4, a fifth transistor T5 and sixth to eleventh resistors R6-R11.
• the fourth transistor T4 includes an emitter connected to the terminal for the gate clock signal CPV and a collector connected to and emitter of the fifth transistor T5.
• the sixth resistor R6 is connected between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor T4.
• the seventh and eighth resistors R7 and R8 are connected between the base of the fourth fransistor T4 and the terminal for the enable signal OE in series.
• the fifth transistor T5 includes a collector connected to the off-voltage generator 333a.
• the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the emitter and base of the fifth fransistor T5.
• the tenth and eleventh resistors R10 and Rl l are connected between the base of the fifth transistor T5 and the terminal for second clock enable signal ECS in series.
• the fourth transistor T4 outputs the gate clock signal CPV in response to a voltage difference between the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE and the fifth transistor T5 outputs the gate clock signal CPV in response to a voltage difference between the gate clock signal CPV outputted from the fourth transistor T4 and the second clock enable signal ECS.
• the gate clock signal CPV outputted from the fifth transistor T5 is provided to the off-voltage generator 333a.
• the off-voltage generator 333a includes a sixth fransistor T6, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor Rl 3 and a fourteenth resistor R14.
• the sixth transistor T6 includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the second power voltage Voff and a collector connected to a terminal for the second clock signal CKVB.
• the twelfth resistor R12 is connected between the collector of the fifth transistor T5 and first terminals of the thirteenth and fourteenth resistors R13 and R14 in parallel, a second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the emitter of the sixth transistor T6 and a second terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to a base of the sixth transistor T6.
• the first to sixth transistors TI, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are bipolar junction transistors.
• FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the charging/discharging circuit shown in FIG. 2.
• the charging/discharging circuit 340 includes a charger
• the charging controller 343 includes first to third transistors T1-T3 and first to tenth resistors R1-R10.
• the first fransistor TI includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the gate clock signal CPV and a collector connected to a first terminal of the fourth resistor R4.
• the first resistor Rl is connected between the emitter and base of the first transistor TI.
• the second and third resistors R2 and R3 are connected between the base of the first transistor TI and a ground terminal V 0 in series.
• the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the fifth and sixth resistors R5 and R6 in parallel.
• the fifth resistor R5 is connected to a base of the second transistor T2 and the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the emitter of the second transistor T2.
• the third fransistor T3 includes an emitter connected to a terminal for the first power voltage Von and a collector connected to a collector of the second transistor T2 through the tenth resistor RIO.
• the seventh resistor R7 is connected between the emitter and base of the third fransistor T3.
• the eighth and ninth resistors R8 and R9 are connected between the base of the third transistor T3 and the terminal for the gate clock signal CPV in series.
• the charging driver 342 includes fourth and fifth transistors T4 and T5 and eleventh to fourteenth resistors Rl 1-R14.
• the fourth fransistor T4 includes an emitter connected to the terminal for the second clock signal CKVB and a collector connected to the terminal for the first clock signal CKV through the twelfth resistor R12.
• the eleventh resistor Rl l is connected between the base of the fourth transistor T4 and a terminal for the charging/discharging control signal CHC.
• the fifth fransistor T5 includes an emitter connected to the twelfth resistor R12 and a collector connected to the terminal for the second clock signal CKVB through the thirteenth resistor R13.
• the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected between the base of the fifth transistor T5 and the terminal for the charging/discharging control signal CHC.
• the charger 341 includes a first capacitor Cl connected between the terminal for the first clock signal CKV and the ground terminal V 0 and a second capacitor C2 connected between the terminal for the second clock signal CKVB and the ground terminal V 0 . Accordingly, the charging/discharging circuit 340 is operated when the third and sixth transistors T3 and T6 of the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are turned off and the gate clock signal CPV has the low level. That is, when the gate clock signal CPV has the low level, the first and second transistors TI and T2 of the charging controller 343 are turned off. The first power voltage Von is applied to the charging driver 342 through the third transistor T3 turned on in response to the gate clock signal CPV and the first power voltage Von.
• the fourth transistor T4 of the charging driver 342 is turned on in response to the first power voltage Von and the charging/discharging control signal CHC so as to charge the second capacitor C2.
• the charging voltage charged to the second capacitor C2 is outputted through the terminal for the second clock signal CKVB.
• the first capacitor Cl is discharged and the discharging voltage is outputted through the terminal for the first clock signal CKV.
• the fifth fransistor T5 of the charging driver 342 is turned on in response to the charging/discharging control signal CHC and a potential rises at a first node Nl.
• the first capacitor Cl is charged and charging voltage charged to the first capacitor Cl is outputted through the terminal for the first clock signal CKV.
• the second capacitor C2 is discharged and the discharging voltage is outputted through the terminal for the second clock signal CKVB.
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are turned off and the gate clock signal CPV has the low level, the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB are charged or discharged.
• the tenth resistor R10 connected to the collector of the third fransistor T3 delays the first power voltage Von to be applied to the charging driver 342 to drive the charging/discharging circuits 340 while the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are not operated. Thus, it is able to prevent the first voltage applying circuit 320, the second voltage applying circuit 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340 from being operated together during the fifth period t5.
• FIG. 9 is a simulated waveform of the first and second clock CKV and
• CKVB signals from the clock generator shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 10 is a simulated waveform of current needed to output the first and second clock signals.
• the first and second power voltages Von and Voff are 20 volts and 14 volts, respectively.
• the first clock signal CKV has the first power voltage Von during the first period tl and has a slope of a first polarity during the second period t2.
• the second clock signal CKVB has the second power voltage Voff having the phase opposite to that of the first clock signal CKV during the first period tl and has a slope of a second polarity during the second period t2 opposite to the first polarity.
• the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB respectively have the first and second periods tl and t2 as IH and the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB having the phase opposite to each other are charged or discharged during the second period t2.
• the power consumption of the clock generator 300 may be reduced because the voltage transition of the clock generator 300 is reduced about half of that of a conventional waveform.
• the power consumption (P) is defined as the following equation:
• the power consumption (P) of the clock generator 300 may be reduced about quarter because the power consumption
• (P) is in proportion to a square of the voltage transition. That is, the power consumption (P) of the clock generator 300 for generating the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB may be reduced.
• FIG. 11 is an output waveform simulated at a respective stage according to the first and second clock signals.
• an i th gate driving signal is outputted from an i th stage at a rising edge of the second clock signal CKVB.
• an i+1 1 gate driving signal outputted from an i+l ⁇ stage reaches a voltage VI
• the i th gate driving signal is discharged.
• the amount of time the i th gate driving signal is maintained at a high level is reduced.
• the pulse width of the gate driving signal may be adjusted and the LCD apparatus 400 may be operated in high-speed.
• the gate clock signal CPV and the enable signal OE are described as a clock generating confrol signal for controlling the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 are waveforms of clock generating confrol signals according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• the clock generating confrol signal includes a first confrol signal CTl having IH period and a second control signal CT2 having a phase partially opposite to that of the first confrol signal CTl and IH period.
• the first and second control signals CTl and CT2 control operations of the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 and the charging/discharging circuit
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are operated.
• the charging/discharging circuit 340 is operated.
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340 are not operated.
• the fifth period t5 is provided between the third and fourth periods t3 and t4.
• the clock generating confrol signal includes third and fourth confrol signals CT3 and CT4 having IH period, respectively.
• the fourth control signal CT4 is generated as a high level when the third control signal CT3 has a low level.
• the third and fourth control signals CT3 and CT4 confrol operations of the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340.
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 are operated during a third period t3 where the third confrol signal CT3 has the high level and the fourth confrol signal CT4 has the low level.
• the charging/discharging circuit 340 is operated during a fourth period t4 where the third confrol signal CT3 has the low level and the fourth control signal CT4 has the low level.
• the first and second voltage applying circuits 320 and 330 and the charging/discharging circuit 340 are not operated during a fifth period t5 where the third control signal CT3 has the low level and the fourth control signal CT4 has the high level.
• the fifth period t5 is provided between the third and fourth periods t3 and t4.
• FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an LCD apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing a discharger shown in FIG. 14.
• FIG. 16 is a waveform simulated at the discharger shown in FIG. 15.
• FIG. 17 is a waveform of a gate driving signal of the LCD apparatus shown in FIG. 14.
• an LCD apparatus 500 includes an LCD panel 100 on which a gate driver 110, a data driver 120 and a discharger 150 are disposed.
• the LCD panel 500 includes a plurality of gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn extended in a first direction, a plurality of data lines Dl ⁇ Dm extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a TFT 130 having a first elecfrode 131 connected to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn and a second electrode 132 connected to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm and a pixel elecfrode 140 connected to a third electrode 133 of the TFT 130.
• the TFT 130 receives data signal through the second electrode 132 and provides the data signal to the pixel elecfrode 140 in response to a gate driving signal applied to the first elecfrode 131.
• the gate driver 110 connected to first ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn sequentially applies the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the data driver 120 connected to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm applies the data signal to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm.
• the discharger 150 is connected to second ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn. As shown in FIG. 15, the discharger 150 discharges a second gate driving signal applied to a present gate line Gi in response to a first gate driving signal applied to a next gate line Gi+1, so that the second gate driving signal has the second power voltage Voff.
• the "i" is a natural number larger than "1" and smaller than "n".
• the discharger 150 includes a discharging fransistor 155 having a first elecfrode 155a connected to the present gate line Gi, a second electrode 155b connected to a terminal for the second power voltage Voff and a third elecfrode 155c connected to the next gate line Gi+1. That is, when a voltage level of the first gate driving signal is greater than a threshold voltage of the discharging transistor 155, the discharging transistor 155 discharges the second gate driving signal into the second power voltage Voff. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, when the voltage level of the first gate driving signal rises more than the threshold voltage of the discharging transistor 155, the discharging transistor 155 discharges the second gate driving signal into the second power voltage Voff. Thus, the discharging transistor 155 sufficiently discharges the second gate driving signal before the first gate driving signal is pulled up, so that the discharging fransistor 155 may prevent the second gate driving signal from being delayed.
• FIG. 18 is a waveform of a conventional gate driving signal and FIG. 19 is a waveform of the gate driving signal according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 14.
• a first gate driving signal Vfirst applied to a first switching device among plural switching devices connected to the gate line GI of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn a second gate driving signal Vcenter applied to a center switching device among plural switching devices connected to the gate line GI of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn
• a third gate driving signal Vend applied to a last switching device among plural switching devices connected to the gate line GI of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn are described.
• the first, second and third gate driving signals Vfirst, Vcenter and Vend are completely discharged at about 140 ⁇ s and each reach the second power voltage Voff at different times, respectively.
• Vcenter and Vend are completely discharged at about 136 ⁇ s.
• the delay time of the first, second and third gate driving signals Vfirst, Vcenter and Vend may be reduced about 4 ⁇ s.
• the first, second and third gate driving signals Vfirst, Vcenter and Vend reach the second power voltage Voff at the same time, the delaying characteristics of the first, second and third gate driving signals Vfirst, Vcenter and Vend are thereby improved.
• FIGS. 20 and 21 are schematic views showing LCD apparatuses according to other embodiments of the present invention.
• an LCD apparatus 600 includes a first gate driver 160, a second gate driver 170, a data driver 120, a first discharger 180 and a second discharger 190.
• the LCD panel 600 includes a plurality of gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn extended in a first direction, a plurality of data lines Dl ⁇ Dm extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a TFT 130 having a first elecfrode 131 connected to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn and a second electrode 132 connected to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm and a pixel elecfrode 140 connected to a third electrode 133 of the TFT 130.
• the TFT 130 receives a data signal through the second elecfrode 132 and provides the data signal to the pixel elecfrode 140 in response to a gate driving signal applied to the first elecfrode 131 thereof.
• the first gate driver 160 connected to first ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn sequentially applies the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the data driver 120 connected to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm applies the data signal to the data lines Dl ⁇ Dm when the gate driving signal is applied to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the second gate driver 170 connected to second ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn sequentially applies the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn when the first gate driver 160 is in an abnormal operation state.
• the LCD apparatus 600 may be operated in a normal state while the second gate driver 170 is in a normal operation state.
• the first and second gate drivers 160 and 170 respectively have a shift register having plural stages connected one after another to each other. Respective stages of the shift register have a same configuration. As shown in FIG.
• the first gate driver 160 includes five input terminals for receiving signals, such as a first vertical start signal STV, a first clock signal CKV, a second clock signal CKVB, a first power voltage Von and a second power voltage Voff, from an external device.
• the second gate driver 170 also includes five input terminals.
• the second gate driver 170 receives the first vertical start signal STV, the first power voltage Von and the second power voltage Voff while the first gate driver 160 is operated in the normal state. That is, the second gate driver 170 receives the first power voltage Von instead of the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB and the second power voltage Voff instead of the input terminal for the first power voltage Von.
• the second gate driver 170 maintains a bias state while the first gate driver 160 is operated in the normal state.
• the second gate driver 170 receives the first clock signal CKV, the second clock signal CKVB and the first power voltage Von, so that the second gate driver 170 may output the gate driving signal to the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the first discharger 180 is connected to the second ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the second discharger 190 is connected to the first ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn so as to prevent the gate driving signal from being delayed when the second gate driver 170 is operated.
• the first discharger 180 includes a first discharging fransistor having a first elecfrode connected to a first end of a present gate line, a second elecfrode connected to the terminal for the second power voltage Voff and a third electrode connected to a first end of a next gate line. Accordingly, the first discharging transistor is operated in response to a first gate driving signal applied from the first gate driver 160 to the next gate line to discharge the second gate driving signal applied to the present gate line into the second power voltage Voff.
• the second discharger 190 includes a second discharging transistor having a first elecfrode connected to a second end of the present gate line, a second elecfrode connected to the terminal for the second power voltage Voff and a third elecfrode connected to a second end of the next gate line. Accordingly, the second discharging fransistor is operated in response to a first gate driving signal applied from the second gate driver 170 to the next gate line to discharge the second gate driving signal applied to the present gate line into the second power voltage Voff.
• the first and second gate drivers 160 and 170 are disposed adjacent to the first and second ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn, respectively. However, the first and second gate drivers 160 and 170 may be disposed adjacent to second and first ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn, respectively.
• a second gate driver 170 is connected to the first ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn and the first gate driver 160 is connected to the second ends of the gate lines Gl ⁇ Gn.
• the second gate driver 170 is operated while the first gate driver 160 is operated in an abnormal state.
• FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing the first gate driver shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 23 is a waveform of output from the first gate driver shown in FIG. 22.
• the first gate driver 160 has a shift register having plural stages connected one after another to each other. Respective stages of the shift register have a same configuration.
• each stage 161 of the shift register includes a pull-up section 161a, a pull-down section 161b, a pull-up driving section 161c and a pull-down driving section 161d.
• the pull-up section 161a includes a first NMOS fransistor NT1 of which a drain is connected to a clock signal input terminal CKV, a gate is connected to a first node Nl and a source is connected to an output terminal Gout(i) of the present stage.
• the pull-down section 161b includes a second NMOS fransistor NT2 of which a drain is connected to an output terminal Gout(i), a gate is connected to a second node N2 and a source is connected to a second power voltage Voff.
• the pull-up driving section 161c includes a capacitor Cl and third to fifth NMOS transistors NT3 to NT5.
• the capacitor Cl is connected between the first node Nl and the output terminal Gout(i).
• the third NMOS fransistor NT3 has a drain connected to the first power voltage Von, a gate connected to the terminal Gout(i-l) and a source connected to the first node Nl.
• the fourth NMOS transistor NT4 has a drain connected to the first node Nl, a gate connected to an output terminal Gout(i+l) of the next stage and a source connected to the second power voltage Voff.
• the fifth NMOS fransistor NT5 has a drain connected to the first node Nl, a gate connected to the second node N2 and a source connected to the second power voltage Voff.
• the pull-down driving section 161d includes sixth and seventh NMOS transistors NT6 and NT7.
• the sixth NMOS fransistor NT6 has drain and gate commonly connected to the first power voltage Von and a source connected to the second node N2.
• the seventh NMOS fransistor NT7 has a drain connected to the second node N2, a gate connected to the first node Nl and a source connected to the second power voltage Voff.
• the sixth NMOS fransistor NT6 has a size ratio of 16: 1 to the seventh NMOS fransistor NT7.
• each stage sequentially outputs the gate driving signal. That is, each stage outputs the first clock signal CKV of a high level period as the gate driving signal through the output terminal Gout(i) in response to an output signal of a previous stage.
• the output voltage is bootstrapped at the capacitor Cl and thereby the gate voltage of the first NMOS fransistor NT1 rises over the turn-on voltage VDD. Accordingly, the first NMOS transistor NT1 maintains a full turn-on state.
• the third NMOS transistor NT3 has a size ratio of 2: 1 to the fifth NMOS transistor NT5.
• the fifth NMOS fransistor NT5 is turned on in response to the first vertical start signal STV, the first NMOS transistor NT1 is transited to the turn-on state.
• the second NMOS fransistor NT2 is turned on.
• the gate driving signal outputted from the output terminal Gout(i) maintains the second power voltage Voff.
• the potential of the second node N2 is dropped to the second power voltage Voff because the seventh NMOS transistor NT7 is turned on in response to the gate driving signal outputted from the output terminal Gout(i-l) of the previous stages.
• the second node N2 maintains the second power voltage Voff since a size of the seventh NMOS fransistor NT7 is larger 16 times than the sixth NMOS fransistor NT6. Therefore, the second NMOS fransistor NT2 is transited from the turn-on state to the turn-off state.
• the seventh NMOS fransistor NT7 is turned off.
• the potential of the second node N2 rises from the second power voltage Voff to the first power voltage Von because the second node N2 receives the first power voltage Von through the sixth NMOS fransistor NT6.
• the fifth NMOS fransistor NT5 is turned on while rising the potential of the second node N2, the charged voltage into the capacitor Cl is discharged so as to turn off the first NMOS fransistor NT1.
• the fourth NMOS fransistor NT4 Responsive to the voltage level of the gate driving signal outputted from the output terminal Gout(i+l) of the next stage having the turn-on voltage, the fourth NMOS fransistor NT4 is turned on. At this time, the potential of the first node Nl is rapidly dropped to the second power voltage Voff while only the fifth NMOS transistor NT5 is turned on since a size of the fourth NMOS fransistor NT4 is larger 2 times than the fifth NMOS fransistor NT5. Therefore, the first NMOS transistor NT1 is turned off and the second NMOS transistor NT2 is turned on, so that the gate driving signal from the output terminal Gout(i) of the present stage is dropped from the first power voltage Von to the second power voltage Voff.
• the second node N2 maintains the first power voltage Von through the sixth NMOS transistor NT6 and the first node Nl maintains the second power voltage Voff through the fifth NMOS fransistor NT5. Therefore, the potential of the second node N2 may maintain the first power voltage Von and prevent the second NMOS fransistor NT2 from being turned off.
• FIG. 24 is a waveform showing output signals of the first gate driver in the case of applying the first power voltage to the first power voltage input terminal of the second gate driver shown in FIG. 20.
• FIG. 25 is a waveform showing output signals of the first gate driver in the case of applying the second power voltage to the first and second clock input terminals of the second gate driver shown in FIG. 20.
• the output waveforms from respective stages of the first gate driver 160 are outputted in abnormal waveforms. As a result, the display characteristics of the LCD apparatus are deteriorated.
• the input terminals for the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB of the second gate driver 170 the voltage levels of the output waveforms from respective stages of the first gate driver 160 are dropped. As a result, the power consumption of the first gate driver 160 increases.
• the input terminals for the first and second clock signals CKV and CKVB of the second gate driver 170 the voltage levels of the output waveforms from respective stages of the first gate driver 160 are dropped. As a result, the power consumption of the first gate driver 160 increases.
• the clock generator generates the first and second clock signals respectively having a first period that determines the voltage level of the gate driving signal and a second period that charges or discharges the first and second clock signals and applies the first and second clock signals to the gate driver so as to control the pulse width of the gate driving signal. Therefore, the gate driver may normally drive the gate lines corresponding to the IH frame, thereby improving the display characteristics of the LCD apparatus.
• the gate lines since the gate lines have the discharging transistor connected to first ends thereof, the present stage may be discharged before operating the next stage, thereby preventing the gate driving signal from being delayed.
• the gate lines include have the first gate driver connected to first ends thereof and the second gate driver connected to second ends thereof.
• the second gate driver normally operates the gate lines while the first gate driver is operated in abnormal state.
• the LCD apparatus may be operated in normal state due to the second gate driver.

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