Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
  • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/262—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
  • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
  • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
  • Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish

Definitions

• frozen feed provides data for the chemical composition: the average water content or dry matter content is 90 - 95% and 5 - 10%. This means that frozen food is characterized by very high levels of water. Frozen food animals are sold in the form of blocks, plates or cubes. Frozen food is required for the storage of frozen food both at the retailer and at the aquarist. There is one for this form of feed preservation
• Freezer or a freezer compartment in the refrigerator is required, in which temperatures can be generated significantly below 0 ° C.
• the frozen food is either first thawed and then fed by the aquarist, or added to the aquarium water when frozen. Due to the usually relatively high water temperatures of approx. 20 - 30 ° C, the natural food thaws quickly and can be eaten by the ornamental fish. After thawing, however, the feed should be fed quickly because it spoils quickly.
• Frozen food can be stored in the refrigerator for 3 - 4 days, at temperatures well below 0 ° C it can be stored for a maximum of one year.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide an industrially producible feed for aquatic animals, in particular fish, shrimp and invertebrates, usable in fresh and sea water, which can be used in particular for warm and cold water ornamental fish in the aquarium as a potential replacement for frozen food, without to have the disadvantages of frozen food described.
• gelling agents preferably a combination of several gelling agents, and the above-mentioned natural feed alone or in combination, and possibly additional natural raw materials (e.g. spirulina algae), vitamins, minerals, flavorings, preservatives and other additives
• a feed can be produced industrially. that can be used as a substitute for frozen food and can be stored in sealed containers at normal room temperature without any problems and thus has significantly improved handling properties as frozen food.
• the invention therefore relates to a feed for aquatic animals, in particular fish, shrimp and invertebrates in fresh and sea water, which can be used as a substitute for frozen food for the feeding of warm and cold water ornamental fish in the aquarium in the form of a viscous gel.
• An ornamental fish food is preferred which contains 0.001-50% gelling agent, 0.1-190% natural food and, depending on the intended use, further additives with a water content of 20-99%.
• a feed is particularly preferred which contains 0.1-10% gelling agent, 1-20% natural feed and, depending on the intended use, further additives with a water content of 50-99%.
• the viscosity of the gel-like feed according to the invention is in a range of 1 - 2 x 10 6 mpa-s, preferably in a range of 1 x 10 2 - lx 10 6 mpa-s and very particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 x 10 2 up to 5 x 10 5 mpa-s.
• Suitable gelling agents can be of synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural origin.
• Synthetic gel formers are, for example, cellulose ethers, such as alkyl and / or hydroxyalkyl-substituted cellulose ethers having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, preferably methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or the like. HPMC is particularly preferred.
• Natural gel formers or semi-synthetic or gel formers obtained by biotechnological means are hydrocolloids of plant, animal or bacterial origin such as, for example, polysaccharides, plant gums or collagens.
• Scleroglycan Schizophyllan, Tamarind Gum, Curdlan, Pullulan, Dextran or Gelatin.
• Agar is particularly preferred.
• the gelling agents mentioned can be used alone or preferably in synergistic combinations which improve the acceptance and the properties of the feed.
• the feed mixtures according to the invention can additionally contain plasticizers or humectants, such as Glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycine, sorbitol, mannitol, cane sugar, corn syrup, fructose, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, 1, 2-propylene glycol, mono-, di- or triacetates of glycerol, acetamide and formamide or lactamide alone or lactam in synergistic combinations.
• plasticizers or humectants such as Glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycine, sorbitol, mannitol, cane sugar, corn syrup, fructose, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, 1, 2-propylene glycol, mono-, di- or
• additional chelating agents can be used be included, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid and salts of the acids or metaphosphates mentioned, dihydroxyethylglycine, lecithin or beta-cyclodextrin or mixtures thereof.
• the preferred gel-like feed according to the invention is a complete replacement for frozen feed. It preferably contains natural food in the form of whole animals or parts. Preferred types of natural feed are brine shrimp
• the formulation of the new type of feed is composed of various components.
• the above-mentioned gel formers particularly preferably agar agar, a gelling agent belonging to the group of hydrocolloids and made from seaweed.
• Agar Agar is a dried, hydrophilic colloid substance made of giant molecules that have a linear, thread-like structure and consist primarily of galactose.
• Some types of red algae are used for the production, namely Gelidium and Gracellaria.
• the hydrocolloid is not soluble in cold water, but is practically completely soluble at higher temperatures.
• the melting point is approx. 90 ° C
• the gelling point is approx. 35 - 40 ° C with the formation of a strong, clear, thermo-reversible gel, which melts again only at temperatures above 85 ° C.
• the gel-like feed according to the invention is expediently made from one or more types of natural feed and / or commercially available by means of an extruder
• Feed mixtures, raw materials and one or more gelling agents as well as, if necessary, the usual vitamins, minerals, colors, aromas, attractants and preservatives are produced with the addition of large amounts of water or prepared using a stirred tank.
• the shaping, cooling and packaging then take place.
• the feed is preferably packaged in ready-to-use form in glasses, cans, bags, tubes or the like or as cylindrical sticks. However, it can also be another
• Subsequent drying step and then into feed forms such as Granules, cubes, plates, flakes or tablets are further processed, which can be reconditioned briefly with water if necessary before feeding.
• feed forms such as Granules, cubes, plates, flakes or tablets
• Are natural foods such as Mosquito larvae, daphnia or planktonic animals processed, so it can be processed in the dried, fresh or thawed state with and without liquid.
• Commercially available components such as e.g. Lactic acid or hydrochloric acid used.
• the feed pieces according to the invention are relatively large in relation to the mostly small ornamental fish.
• the food offered can therefore not be eaten as a whole, rather the fish bites off small pieces of it.
• the prerequisite is that a suitable selection of one or more gelling agents in combination with other food components may set the consistency of the feed so that the fish can easily bite off chewable pieces and then swallow them due to the soft nature.
• Another possibility is the production and application of a feed, the gel formers of which, due to their specific dissolution behavior, dissolve in whole or in part in the water and thus release food components.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Physiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
• Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (12)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7841508

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (16)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (55)

Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1997
  • 1997-09-06 DE DE19739167A patent/DE19739167A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1998
  • 1998-08-21 CZ CZ20000783A patent/CZ302053B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-08-21 PL PL339013A patent/PL191262B1/pl unknown
  • 1998-08-21 US US09/486,950 patent/US6303175B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-08-21 CA CA002300262A patent/CA2300262C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-08-21 EA EA200000295A patent/EA002257B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-08-21 ES ES98946400T patent/ES2226171T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-08-21 KR KR1020007002375A patent/KR100780907B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-08-21 CN CNB988088657A patent/CN1288995C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-08-21 WO PCT/EP1998/005317 patent/WO1999012430A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1998-08-21 EP EP98946400A patent/EP1006807B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-08-21 DE DE59811696T patent/DE59811696D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-08-21 AT AT98946400T patent/ATE271321T1/de active
  • 1998-08-21 BR BR9811750-5A patent/BR9811750A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-21 JP JP2000510338A patent/JP2001515704A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-08-21 AU AU93455/98A patent/AU743971B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-09-04 TW TW087114711A patent/TW390791B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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