US6617444B1 - Dinucleotide tetraphosphate crystals - Google Patents

Dinucleotide tetraphosphate crystals Download PDF

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US6617444B1
US6617444B1 US09/700,728 US70072800A US6617444B1 US 6617444 B1 US6617444 B1 US 6617444B1 US 70072800 A US70072800 A US 70072800A US 6617444 B1 US6617444 B1 US 6617444B1
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dcp4u
uridine
deoxycytidine
crystals
ump
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Kenya Mori
Takanori Miyashita
Hideaki Maeda
Hiroshi Sato
Yutaka Noda
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Merck Sharp and Dohme LLC
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Yamasa Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
    • C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
    • C07H1/06—Separation; Purification

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to crystals of p 1 -(2′-deoxycytidine 5′-)P 4 -(uridine 5′-)tetraphosphate (dCP4U) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter may be referred to simply as “dCP4U”) which is useful as a therapeutic agent for chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and the like; a process for producing the crystals; and a process for efficiently producing dCP4U.
  • dCP4U p 1 -(2′-deoxycytidine 5′-)P 4 -(uridine 5′-)tetraphosphate
  • P2Y2 purine receptor and/or P2Y4 purine receptor is a selective agonist to P2Y2 purine receptor and/or P2Y4 purine receptor and is a compound which is expected to be developed as a therapeutic agent for chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and the like (See WO 98/34942).
  • dCP4U has been prepared only in the form of white powder (white solid) through freeze-drying.
  • the conventionally obtained powdery products of dCP4U have a purity as low as 82% (measured by HPLC).
  • UDP uridine 5′-triphosphate
  • highly purified dCP4U has been produced only with great difficulty through a conventionally employed ion-exchange chromatography (WO 98/34942).
  • dCP4U is synthesized from 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate (dCMP) and UTP by use of an activating agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
  • dCMP 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • an object of the present invention is to provide stable crystals of dCP4U which is suitable for preparing drugs. Another object of the invention is to provide a process for producing the crystals. Still another object of the invention is to provide an efficient process suitable for large scale production of dCP4U.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on stabilization of dCP4U, and have found that dCP4U having a purity of 95% or more can be prepared through anion exchange chromatography in combination with chromatography employing activated charcoal (activated-charcoal chromatography) and that dCP4U crystals can be produced from such highly-purified dCP4U.
  • the thus-obtained dCP4U crystals have proven to possess a purity considerably higher than that of conventionally produced dCP4U powder, no hygroscopicity and high stability.
  • the inventors have also conducted intensive studies on methods for synthesizing dCP4U by use of inexpensive uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP) instead of expensive UTP, and have found that dCP4U can be effectively produced by use of diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPC) and a pyrophosphate (PPi).
  • DPC diphenyl phosphorochloridate
  • PPi pyrophosphate
  • the present invention provides crystals of dCP4U.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing crystals of dCP4U, which process comprises purifying crude dCP4U through anion exchange chromatography and activated-charcoal chromatography and adding a hydrophilic organic solvent to a solution of purified dCP4U, to thereby precipitate dCP4U in the form of crystals.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing dCP4U which comprises reacting UMP, dCMP, DPC, and PPi.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph showing crystal form of crystalline dCP4U.4Na (3.5-hydrate). The photograph was taken under a polarizing microscope (magnification: ⁇ 440), wherein 1 mm in the image corresponds to 25 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 2 shows an X-ray diffraction spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na (3.5-hydrate).
  • FIG. 3 shows an X-ray diffraction spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na (decahydrate).
  • FIG. 4 shows an X-ray diffraction spectrum of white powdery dCP4U (freeze-dried product).
  • FIG. 5 shows a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na (3.5-hydrate).
  • FIG. 6 shows a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na (decahydrate).
  • FIG. 7 shows a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of white powdery dCP4U (freeze-dried product).
  • the crystals of dCP4U of the present invention are obtained through purification of crude dCP4U by use of specific means, and addition of a hydrophilic organic solvent to a solution of purified dCP4U, to thereby precipitate dCP4U as crystals.
  • the present invention will next be described in relation to (1) purification of dCP4U and (2) crystallization of dCP4U.
  • dCP4U can be purified through anion exchange chromatography in combination with activated-charcoal chromatography. Although the two chromatography techniques may be performed in arbitrary sequence, anion exchange chromatography preferably precedes activated-charcoal chromatography, in view of improvement of the purity of dCP4U.
  • a styrenic or acrylic resin may be used as an anion-exchanging resin in the above-described chromatography techniques.
  • resins which may be used include strongly basic anion-exchanging resins such as AMBERLITE IRA 402 (Rohm & Haas Co.), DIAION PA-312, and DIAION SA-11A (Mitsubishi Chemical Co. Ltd.), and weakly basic anion-exchanging resins such as AMBERLITE IRA 67 (Rohm & Haas Co.) and DIAION WA-30 (Mitsubishi Chemical Co. Ltd.).
  • the activated charcoal may be in the form of chromatography-grade activated charcoal which is crushed or shaped into particles, and may include commercially available products (e.g., those of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Futamura Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd.).
  • Chromatography may be carried out in a batch manner, by use of a column, etc.
  • an aqueous acid solution or a mixture thereof with a salt having enhanced ionic strength, such as sodium chloride may be used as an eluent for anion exchange chromatography; and water or an aqueous solution of an alkali such as sodium hydroxide may be used as an eluent for activated-charcoal column chromatography.
  • a small-scale preliminary test may be conducted in order to select the appropriate concentration of each eluent from within the range of 0.001 M to 10 M.
  • dCP4U is crystallized through addition of a hydrophilic organic solvent to a solution containing the thus-purified dCP4U.
  • hydrophilic organic solvents examples include alcohols having six or fewer carbon atoms, such as methanol and ethanol; ketones such as acetone; ethers such as dioxane; nitriles such as acetonitrile; and amides such as dimethylformamide. Of these, alcohols, especially ethanol, are particularly preferred.
  • a solution of the thus-purified dCP4U, or a slurry obtained through concentration of the solution is optionally treated to thereby adjust the pH to 5-10, preferably 6-9, and a hydrophilic organic solvent is added to the solution or slurry at 60° C. or lower, preferably 20° C. or lower, to thereby precipitate the solute as stable crystals of dCP4U.
  • the thus-obtained dCP4U crystals of the present invention contain dCP4U in an amount of 95% or more and UTP in an amount of 3% or less.
  • dCP4U crystals contain dCP4U in an amount of 97% or more, and UTP in an amount of 2% or less. More preferably, dCP4U crystals contain dCP4U in an amount of 98% or more, and UTP in an amount of 1% or less.
  • Such high-purity dCP4U crystals may be in the form of a salt, hydrate, or hydrate salt.
  • the salts include pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; and ammonium salts.
  • the dCP4U may be substituted with 1-4 metal atoms to form a salt.
  • the above hydrate may comprise 1-14 molecules of water which are bound to or adhere to one molecule of dCP4U
  • the above hydrate salt may comprise 1-14 molecules of water which are bound to or adhere to one molecule of an alkali metal salt of dCP4U.
  • crystals of dCP4U according to the present invention also include tautomers thereof.
  • the thus-obtained crystals of dCP4U are optionally dried through a customary method such as drying under reduced pressure, drying under air-flow, or drying by heating, and are subsequently placed in a container (e.g., bottle, pouch, can, ampoule). Packing in the container may be achieved so that the container is open, closed, airtight, or sealed.
  • a container e.g., bottle, pouch, can, ampoule.
  • Packing in the container may be achieved so that the container is open, closed, airtight, or sealed.
  • the open-to-air state packing is not preferred, in view of maintenance of storage stability of the crystals.
  • the process for producing dCP4U according to the present invention comprises reacting UMP, dCMP, DPC, and PPi.
  • the process comprises reacting UMP with DPC to thereby synthesize UMP diphenylphosphate (UMP-DPP); further treating the UMP-DPP-containing reaction mixture with PPi to thereby form UTP in the mixture; and reacting the thus-formed UTP, without isolating from the reaction mixture, with dCMP in the presence of DPC, to thereby form the target dCP4U.
  • UMP-DPP UMP diphenylphosphate
  • UMP-DPP a routinely prepared UMP trialkylamine salt (e.g., UMP tributylamine salt) may be dissolved in a solvent.
  • the solvents include amides such as DMF and dimethylacetamide (DMAC); cyclic ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as acetone; and dimethylimidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, or a mixture of two or more of these.
  • DPC and optional trialkylamine are added to the solution, and the mixture is allowed to react at 10-50° C. for approximately 30 minutes to five hours.
  • the PPis which react with UMP-DPP are preferably PPi-organic alkali salts.
  • the salts include a hexylamine salt, a dibutylamine salt, a triethylamine salt, and a tributylamine salt.
  • the PPi-organic alkali salt may be dissolved in a solvent.
  • solvents include amides such as DMF, DMAC, and formamide; cyclic ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as acetone; and dimethylimidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, or a mixture of two or more of these.
  • the solution is added to the thus-synthesized UMP-DPP solution, and the mixture is allowed to react at 10-50° C. for approximately 30 minutes to five hours.
  • the reaction between UMP-DPP and PPi-organic alkali salt may be carried out in the presence of an adequate base.
  • the bases include pyridine bases such as pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-dimethylaminopyridine, ⁇ -collidine, ⁇ -collidine, and ⁇ -collidine, with pyridine being particularly preferred.
  • a basic solvent for the reaction is also included in the bases used in the present invention.
  • the concentration of the base is not particularly limited.
  • the base is preferably added in an amount of 6 equivalents or more based on UMP, more preferably 18 equivalents or more.
  • UTP is synthesized in the reaction mixture.
  • the thus-formed UTP and dCMP are reacted in the presence of DPC, to thereby synthesize dCP4U.
  • dCMP-DPP dCMP diphenylphosphate
  • the reaction of dCP4U may be carried out by adding, to the aforementioned synthesized UTP solution, DPC in an amount of 1.1 equivalents or more and dCMP or dCMP-DPP in an amount of 0.5-1.5 equivalents based on UMP employed as a starting material, and the mixture is allowed to react at 10-50° C. for approximately 30 minutes to five hours.
  • the thus-obtained dCP4U is purified and crystallized in the aforementioned manner, to thereby obtain the dCP4U crystals of the present invention.
  • dCP4U was prepared through a routine method as described in WO 98/34942 by use of UTP, dCMP, and DCC. Reaction was carried out on a scale of 20 mmol.
  • the thus-obtained dCP4U solution was diluted with water to thereby adjust the overall volume to 1,000 ml, and the diluted solution was applied to a column charged with medium basic anion-exchanging resin (AMBERLITE IRA-67, product of Rohm & Haas Co.). Elution was carried out sequentially by use of water, a 0.18 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and a 0.005 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.5 M sodium chloride, thereby collecting fractions containing dCP4U.
  • medium basic anion-exchanging resin AMBERLITE IRA-67
  • dCP4U dCP4U fractions (4000 ml) were applied to a column charged with chromatography-grade activated charcoal (Taiko Granular Activated Charcoal SGP, product of Futamura Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd.), and dCP4U was eluted by use of a 0.05 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (8000 ml).
  • the thus-obtained fractions of dCP4U were combined and concentrated, to thereby prepare a slurry.
  • the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 6.0.
  • the slurry was stirred while ethanol was gradually added to the slurry, and the resultant slurry was further cooled to 10° C. with stirring, thereby precipitating dCP4U.4Na crystals.
  • the crystals were separated to thereby yield 8.9 g of dCP4U.4Na crystals.
  • the isolated crystals were dried under reduced pressure at approximately 60° C. for approximately four hours and were then subjected to instrumental analyses.
  • UTP.3Na (12.8 kg) was dissolved in water (135 L), and the resultant solution was applied to a column charged with cation-exchanging resin (product of Mitsubishi Chemical Co. Ltd.). The solution that had passed through the column and fractions which had been eluted with water were combined, and tributylamine (TBA; 13.6 kg) was gradually added to the combined solution with stirring for neutralization. The solution was concentrated, and formamide (10 kg) was added to the solution. The resultant solution was dehydrated by boiling with dioxane. Subsequently, the dehydrated matter was diluted with pyridine (11.6 kg), to thereby prepare a pyridine solution of UTP.
  • TAA tributylamine
  • the overall volume of the thus-synthesized dCP4U solution was adjusted to 2,500 L, and the solution was applied to a column charged with medium basic anion-exchanging resin (AMBERLITE IRA-97, product of Rohm & Haas Co.). Elution was carried out sequentially with water, a 0.1 mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and a 0.005 mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.4 mol/L sodium chloride, thereby collecting fractions containing dCP4U.
  • medium basic anion-exchanging resin AMBERLITE IRA-97
  • dCP4U dCP4U fractions (2100 L) were applied to a column charged with chromatography-grade activated charcoal (Taiko Granular Activated Carbon SGP, product of Futamura Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd.), and dCP4U was eluted by use of a 0.05 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1200 L).
  • the thus-obtained fractions were combined and concentrated.
  • the pH of the resultant solution was adjusted to 7.5 by use of a 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the solution was stirred while 95% ethanol was gradually added to the solution, thereby precipitating dCP4U.4Na crystals.
  • the crystals were separated and dried at 60° C. for four hours, to thereby yield 4.2 kg of dCP4U.4Na crystals (water content: 5.9%, isolation yield: 22%).
  • the dCP4U.4Na crystals prepared in (1) or (2) of Example 1 and white powder of dCP4U.4Na (freeze-dried product) which was prepared in the same way as in the method described in Example 20 of WO 98/34942 were subjected to instrumental analysis. The crystals were compared with the freeze-dried product in terms of physical properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a typical crystal form of dCP4U.4Na (3.5-hydrate) crystals.
  • Water content of the dCP4U.4Na crystals was measured by the Karl Fischer method.
  • the dCP4U.4Na crystals were found to be stabilized at the water content from 6.9 to 17.4 wt. %, which varied in accordance with the degree of drying.
  • the calculation results apparently show that 3.5-10 water molecules bind or adhere to one dCP4U molecule.
  • the melting point of dCP4U.4Na crystals was measured by a conventional method. The melting point was found to be 202-210° C. The melting point of the freeze-dried product was about 195-210° C.
  • the dCP4U.4Na crystals were subjected to X-ray diffraction by use of an X-ray diffraction apparatus (Model: RINT2500V, product of Rigaku Denki) under the following conditions (measurement error: ⁇ 0.1°.
  • the thus-obtained X-ray diffraction spectrum and the peak data of dCP4U-4Na 3.5-hyudrate are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 3, respectively.
  • the X-ray diffraction spectrum and the peak data dCP4U.4Na decahydrate are shown in FIG. 3 and Table 4, respectively.
  • the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the freeze-dried product is shown in FIG. 4 as a reference.
  • Pre-treatment Grinding by use of an agate mortar
  • dCP4U.4Na crystals having a water content of approximately 17.4% were allowed to stand for two days under the following conditions a), b) and c): a) 25° C. and a relative humidity of 57%; b) 25° C. and a relative humidity of 75%; c) 25° C. and a relative humidity of 93%. No decomposition or change in weight was observed in the above three cases. The crystals have proven to be stable and to have no hygroscopicity. In addition, the same crystals were allowed to stand for seven days under the following severe conditions d): d) 40° C. and a relative humidity of 75%. No change was observed in this case.
  • dCP4U.4Na crystals decahydrate
  • a freeze-dried product was individually placed in bottles, which were then sealed and stored for 13 days at 60° C. (acceleration test). No decomposition of the crystals was observed. In contrast, the freeze-dried product was found to have been partially decomposed as proven through observation of a purity loss of the product of approximately 2.2%.
  • FIG. 5 and Table 5 show a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na 3.5-hydrate and the peak data, respectively.
  • FIG. 6 and Table 6 show a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of crystalline dCP4U.4Na decahydrate and the peak data, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 and Table 7 show a 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectrum of dCP4U in the form of white powder (freeze-dried product) and the peak data, respectively.
  • the numerals in FIGS. 5 to 7 refer to the corresponding peak numbers in Tables 5 to 7.
  • Formamide (2.5 ml) and pyridine (7.6 ml) were added to a dehydrated triethylamine salt (10 mmol) of pyrophosphate (TEA-PPi), followed by stirring the resultant mixture.
  • TEA-PPi pyrophosphate
  • UMP-TBA uridine 5′-monophosphate
  • DMAC 3.6 ml
  • dioxane 3.2 ml
  • tributylamine 3.3 ml
  • the crystals of dCP4U obtained through the process according to the present invention have high purity and high stability and no hygroscopicity as compared with a freeze-dried product, to thereby serve as a useful raw material for preparing a pharmaceutical.
  • the process for producing dCP4U according to the present invention permits use of inexpensive UMP as a raw material and realizes high yield. Thus, the process is suitable for large-scale synthesis of dCP4U.

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PCT/JP2000/004336 WO2001002416A1 (fr) 1999-06-30 2000-06-30 Cristaux dinucleotidiques

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US7223744B2 (en) 1997-02-10 2007-05-29 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulation comprising dinucleoside polyphosphates and salts thereof
US7078391B2 (en) 1997-02-10 2006-07-18 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method of treating edematous retinal disorders
US6818629B2 (en) 1997-02-10 2004-11-16 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulation comprising P1-(2'-deoxycytidine 5'-)P4-(uridine 5'-) tetraphosphate
US6548658B2 (en) * 1997-07-25 2003-04-15 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Di-(uridine 5′)-tetraphosphate and salts thereof
US6872710B2 (en) 1997-07-25 2005-03-29 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Di(uridine 5′)-tetraphosphate and salts thereof
SK284178B6 (sk) * 1999-06-30 2004-10-05 Yamasa Corporation Kryštalická forma P1-(2'-deoxycytidín-5'-)P4-(uridín-5'- )tetrafosfátu a spôsob ich prípravy
US6867199B2 (en) 2000-08-21 2005-03-15 Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dinucleoside polyphosphate compositions and their therapeutic use
CN100363376C (zh) * 2006-06-12 2008-01-23 南京工业大学 一种5’-核苷三磷酸钠盐的结晶方法
JPWO2017002827A1 (ja) * 2015-06-29 2018-04-26 ヤマサ醤油株式会社 Ｐ１，ｐ４−ビス（５’−ウリジル）テトラホスフェート結晶の保管方法
CN109843901B (zh) * 2016-10-25 2022-04-26 Yamasa 酱油株式会社 P1,p4-二(尿苷5’-)四磷酸的纯化方法
CN111253456B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2021-05-11 广东先强药业有限公司 一种地纽福索钠的制备方法
CN111704637A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-25 南京工业大学 一种采用膜蒸馏结晶精制核苷酸的方法

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