US20110195207A1 - Graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and graphene roll-to-roll coating method using the same - Google Patents

Graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and graphene roll-to-roll coating method using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110195207A1
US20110195207A1 US12/909,352 US90935210A US2011195207A1 US 20110195207 A1 US20110195207 A1 US 20110195207A1 US 90935210 A US90935210 A US 90935210A US 2011195207 A1 US2011195207 A1 US 2011195207A1
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Prior art keywords
graphene
roll
metallic member
roller
roll coating
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Abandoned
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US12/909,352
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English (en)
Inventor
Byung Hee Hong
Young Jin Kim
Jaeboong Choi
Hyeong Keun Kim
Junmo Kang
Su Kang Bae
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Graphene Square Inc
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Sungkyunkwan University Foundation for Corporate Collaboration
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Assigned to SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR CORPORATE COLLABORATION reassignment SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR CORPORATE COLLABORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAE, SU KANG, CHOI, JAEBOONG, HONG, BYUNG HEE, Kang, Junmo, KIM, HYEONG KEUN, KIM, YOUNG JIN
Publication of US20110195207A1 publication Critical patent/US20110195207A1/en
Assigned to GRAPHENE SQUARE INC. reassignment GRAPHENE SQUARE INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR CORPORATE COLLABORATION
Assigned to GRAPHENE SQUARE INC. reassignment GRAPHENE SQUARE INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE ADDRESS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 030266 FRAME 0367. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE ADDRESS. Assignors: SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR CORPORATE COLLABORATION
Priority to US14/462,178 priority Critical patent/US10266948B2/en
Priority to US15/926,473 priority patent/US10808321B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
    • C23C16/545—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating for coating elongated substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
    • C23C16/0281—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating of metallic sub-layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
    • C23C16/463—Cooling of the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/56—After-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
    • H01J37/32733—Means for moving the material to be treated
    • H01J37/32752—Means for moving the material to be treated for moving the material across the discharge
    • H01J37/32761—Continuous moving
    • H01J37/3277—Continuous moving of continuous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
    • H01J37/32798—Further details of plasma apparatus not provided for in groups H01J37/3244 - H01J37/32788; special provisions for cleaning or maintenance of the apparatus
    • H01J37/32899—Multiple chambers, e.g. cluster tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus, a graphene roll-to-roll coating method using the same, and a metallic member coated with graphene.
  • a metallic pipe or a metallic plate has wide application in the industry. Especially, a metallic pipe or a metallic plate may be used as a heat pipe or a heat plate.
  • the heat pipe is a pipe for transferring heat efficiently, and its main body may be made of copper, stainless steel, ceramics, tungsten, or the like while its inner wall may be made of a porous fiber. Further, a material such as methanol, acetone, water or mercury may be used as a volatile material in the inside of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe may be used in a waste heat collecting device, an air conditioning and cooling system, a solar energy collector, a cooling system of an atomic reactor, and so forth, and also be used for cooling an electronic component and device, for cooling an electric motor, for local heating and heat control, for heat control of a satellite, a flying vehicle, cooling systems and so forth.
  • the heat pipe exhibits many advantages in that it is capable of transferring high-density heat effectively while reducing power consumption and weight and volume of an apparatus.
  • the present disclosure provides a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus based on a roll-to-roll coating technique as a continuous process and also provides a method for coating a metallic member with graphene by using the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus.
  • problems to be solved by the present disclosure is not limited to the aforementioned problems, and other problems can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
  • a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus including:
  • a pre-treating unit that performs a surface treatment on the supplied metallic member
  • a second roller that collects the metallic member coated with the graphene in a roll-to-roll mechanism after the metallic member passes through the graphene forming unit.
  • a metallic member coated with graphene formed by the graphene roll-to-roll coating method as described above.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure may have a chamber shape or tube shape, and thus, the chamber(s) or the tube(s) are configured to communicate with each other in sequence to perform a stable continuous process. Further, high quality of graphene can be coated on one surface or both surfaces of the metallic member in a large scale with lost cost.
  • the metallic member of which surface is coated with graphene by using the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus of the present disclosure exhibits high anti-chemical/anti-corrosion property, improved liquid resistance, high heat transfer efficiency and highly efficient exothermal (heat dissipating) property as well as electrical conductivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus of a horizontally configured chamber-type in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus of a vertically configured chamber-type in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tube-type graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a vertically configured tube-type graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with an example of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a horizontally configured tube-type graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with an example of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 provides a diagram showing a metallic member coated with graphene and also provides an analysis result using a Raman spectrum showing a presence or absence of a graphene coating on the metallic member;
  • FIG. 7 shows analysis results of contact angle of the fluid for evaluating fluid resistance of the fluid flowing within heat pipes in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and comparative examples
  • FIG. 8 shows an evaluation result of anti-chemical/anti-corrosion property of a surface of a copper heat pipe coated with a graphene film under a liquid environment and an atmospheric environment in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and evaluation results of anti-chemical/anticorrosion properties of surfaces of copper heat pipes in accordance comparative examples;
  • FIGS. 9A to 9E show evaluation results of heat conductivity of a high-temperature fluid (including a gas) for heat pipes in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and comparative examples, and also illustrate an experiment apparatus used in the experiment;
  • FIG. 10 provides images showing a heat pipe or a heat plate coated with graphene in accordance with examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 provides electron micrographs showing the surface and diameter change of Cu/Ni wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 12 provides a method and an apparatus for measuring resistivity of a metal wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 13 provides graphs showing changes in resistivity according to a diameter of Cu/Ni wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 14 provides electron micrographs showing the surface and diameter change of Cu wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 15 provides graphs showing changes in resistivity according to a diameter of Cu wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • graphene refers to a layer or a sheet made of graphene which is a polycylic aromatic molecule formed of a multiple number of carbon atoms bonded by a covalent bond.
  • the carbon atoms bonded by the covalent bond may form a 6-membered ring as a basic repeat unit but may further include 5-membered and/or 7-membered rings.
  • the metallic graphene layer may exit as a monolayer of covalently bonded (typically, sp 2 -bonded) carbon atoms.
  • the metallic graphene layer may have various structures, and their structures may depend on a 5-membered and/or 7-membered ring content that may be included in the graphene.
  • the metallic graphene layer may be a monolayer of graphene as mentioned above, but it may also be made of a plurality of graphene layers stacked together. Typically, the dangling bonds on the edge of the graphene may be saturated with a hydrogen atom.
  • the term ‘metallic member’ refers to a member made of a metallic material typically used in the pertinent art.
  • the metallic member may include a metallic pipe, a metallic plate, a metal sheet, a metal wire, a metal foil, and the like.
  • the shape and/or the structure of the metallic member and any shape or structure known in the art may be used.
  • a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus including:
  • a first roller that supplies a metallic member in a roll-to-roll manner
  • a pre-treating unit that performs a surface treatment on the supplied metallic member
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus is capable of performing a graphene coating process on the surface of the metallic member by using the above-described apparatus as a post process after intrusion, drawing and rolling processes that are machining processes for the metallic member.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a cooling unit that cools the graphene-coated metallic member prior to collecting the metallic member coated with the graphene by the second roller, but not limited thereto.
  • the first roller, the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit, the cooling unit and the second roller may be vertically or horizontally arranged, but not limited thereto.
  • the pre-treating unit performs, on the surface of the metallic member supplied from the first roller, a process selected from a group consisting of a plasma process, a laser process, pre-heating and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • the metallic member includes a metallic pipe, a metallic plate, a metallic sheet, a metallic wire or a metallic foil, but not limited thereto.
  • each of the pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit has a chamber shape, but not limited thereto.
  • the chamber of each of the pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit has a partition wall, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a roller provided at an inlet and/or an outlet of the pre-treating unit having the chamber shape, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a roller provided at an inlet and/or an outlet of the graphene forming unit having the chamber shape, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene forming unit having the chamber shape includes one or more gas nozzles, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene forming unit having the chamber shape includes a temperature controllable heating source, but not limited thereto.
  • the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit and the cooling unit have tube shapes and are arrange so as to communicate with each other, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus further comprises, but not limited thereto:
  • a firs gas outlet formed between the cooling unit and the second roller.
  • the first roller is provided with a fourth gas inlet for supplying a gas into the inside of the metallic member
  • the second roller is provided with a second gas inlet for exiting the gas from the inside of the metallic member, but not limited thereto.
  • each of the pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit has a temperature controllable heating jacket
  • the cooling unit has a temperature controllable cooling jacket, but not limited thereto.
  • the pre-treating unit performs, on the surface of the metallic member supplied from the first roller, a process selected from a group consisting of a plasma process, a laser process, pre-heating and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • each of the pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit has a temperature controllable heating jacket
  • the cooling unit has a temperature controllable cooling jacket, but not limited thereto.
  • a roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 in accordance with the present disclosure includes a first roller 250 for supplying a metallic member 150 in a roll-to-roll manner; a pre-treating unit 400 for processing a surface of the supplied metallic member supplied by the first roller 250 ; a graphene forming unit 500 for forming and coating graphene on a surface of the pre-treated metallic member; and a second roller 300 for collecting the metallic member coated with the graphene in a roll-to-roll manner after the metallic member passes through the graphene forming unit (see FIGS. 1 to 5 ).
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a cooling unit 600 for cooling the metallic member coated with the graphene in the graphene forming unit.
  • the metallic member 150 is made to pass through the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit and the cooling unit (if necessary) in sequence by being driven by the first roller 250 and the second roller 300 . Then, the metallic member 150 coated with the graphene is collected by the second roller 300 .
  • the roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure may be arranged vertically or horizontally (see FIGS. 1 to 5 ).
  • the apparatus may be arranged vertically (as illustrated in FIGS. 2 , 3 and 4 ).
  • large-area crystallization of a catalyst layer may be enabled in the vertically arranged roll-to-roll coating apparatus, so that the graphene may be more easily coated on the metallic member.
  • the apparatus in case that the apparatus is horizontally arranged (as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5 ), the apparatus can be operated by allowing the metallic member to be stably transferred through the use of a specially designed jig.
  • a process selected from a group consisting of a plasma process, a laser process, pre-heating and a combination thereof may be performed on a surface of the metallic member supplied by the first roller.
  • a plasma process, a laser process or_a preheating process may be performed in sequence.
  • the plasma process and the laser process may be used to remove impurities on a metallic member or a metallic catalyzer on which graphene is to be formed and to make morphology of the metallic member dense for increasing the morphology of the metallic member.
  • partition walls 430 may be installed in the pre-treating unit between the plasma process and the laser process. Further, partition walls may be additionally formed at an inlet and/or an outlet of the pre-treating unit to block an inflow of external air and an outflow to external air.
  • the pre-heating process may include a process of heating the metallic member to a temperature at which chemical vapor deposition would progress easily before the formation and/or coating of graphene is performed in the graphene forming unit.
  • the pre-heating process may be performed when a high-temperature chemical vapor deposition method is performed in the graphene forming unit, but not limited thereto.
  • the pre-treating unit can be heated to a temperature equal to or lower than a temperature of the graphene forming unit, e.g., to about 300° C. to about 2000° C., to about 300° C. to about 1000° C., or to about 300° C. to about 500° C.
  • each of the pre-treating unit 400 and the graphene forming unit 500 may have a chamber shape.
  • such a chamber-type roll-to-roll coating apparatus may be used to coat graphene on a surface of a metallic plate, a metal sheet, a metal foil or the like, but not limited thereto.
  • the chambers of the pre-treating unit 400 and the graphene forming unit 500 may be configured to communicate with each other to perform a series of processes stably.
  • the separated pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit may be additionally connected so as to maintain a low-pressure or a vacuum atmosphere during the coating process.
  • graphene is formed and coated on a surface of the pre-treated metallic member.
  • the formation of the graphene may be performed by a chemical vapor deposition method typically employed in the art.
  • thermal chemical vapor deposition T-CVD
  • rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition RTCVD
  • plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD
  • inductively coupled enhanced chemical vapor deposition ICPCVD
  • metal organic chemical vapor deposition MOCVD
  • LPCVD low pressure chemical vapor deposition
  • APCVD atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition
  • laser heating but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene may be formed and coated on the surface of the metallic member 150 in the graphene forming unit by chemical vapor deposition by supplying a reactant gas containing a carbon source through a gas nozzle 510 within the graphene forming unit.
  • the reactant containing a carbon source may be composed of only a carbon source or may be composed of a carbon source and a nonreactive gas such as helium or argon.
  • the reactant gas containing the carbon source may include hydrogen in addition to the carbon source. Hydrogen may be used to maintain the surface of the metallic member_clean, to thereby control a gas phase reaction.
  • the amount of the hydrogen may range from about 1 to 40 volume % of the entire volume of a vessel, desirably, about 10 to 30 volume % and, more desirably, about 15 to 25 volume %.
  • the carbon source may include, but not limited to, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, ethanol, acetylene, propane, butane, butadiene, pentane, pentene, cyclopentadiene, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene or polymer.
  • carbon components existing in the carbon source may be bonded to each other and form a hexagonal plate-shaped structure on the surface of the metallic member 150 , so that graphene is formed.
  • the graphene may be single-layered or multi-layered.
  • the gas nozzle 510 may be one or plural. When necessary, a plurality of gas nozzles may be installed within the graphene forming unit so as to control degree of graphene formation. Further, in case that the gas nozzles are provided at one side within the chamber, e.g., either at a top surface or at a bottom surface of the inside of the chamber, the graphene may be formed only on one surface of the metallic member on the side where the gas nozzle is provided. However, by providing the gas nozzles at both top and bottom surfaces of the inside of the chamber, the graphene can be formed and coated on both surfaces of the metallic member.
  • Rollers 220 may be provided at inlets and/or outlets of the chamber-type pre-treating unit 400 and the chamber-type graphene forming unit 500 .
  • the rollers may have a function of minimizing or preventing bending of the metallic member and/or deformation of the metallic member at a high temperature and also a function of maintaining a heat gradient stably.
  • the rollers may be cooling rollers for cooling the metallic member. In such a case, by providing the cooling rollers at the outlet of each chamber, the metallic member can be cooled to a desired temperature without having to install an additional cooling unit.
  • a roll-to-roll coating apparatus in accordance with another illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured to be of a single tube type to perform a series of processes stably.
  • a tube-type roll-to-roll coating apparatus may be used for graphene coating of a metallic pipe or a metal wire, but not limited thereto.
  • the roll-to-roll coating apparatus may include a pre-treating unit 400 , a graphene forming unit 500 and a cooling unit 600 as tube-type chambers communicating with each other in sequence.
  • Each of the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit and the cooling unit may have a heating jacket 100 or a cooling jacket 200 on an exterior surface, so that their temperatures can be controlled.
  • the roll-to-roll coating apparatus may be vertically or horizontally arranged as in the case of the above-described chamber-type roll-to-roll coating apparatus.
  • the roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a roller having a gas inlet for forming and coating graphene on an inner surface of the metallic pipe and capable of supplying a gas stably regardless of driving directions of rollers around which a metallic pipe is wound.
  • the tube-type roll-to-roll coating apparatus may further include a first gas inlet 10 formed between the first roller 250 and the pre-treating unit 400 , a second gas inlet 20 formed between the pre-treating unit and the graphene forming unit, a third gas inlet 30 formed between the graphene forming unit and the cooing unit and a firs gas outlet 40 formed between the cooling unit and the second roller 300 .
  • the first gas inlet 10 to the third gas inlet 30 and the first gas outlet 40 introduces or exhausts various kinds of gases necessary for forming and coating the graphene on the surface of the metallic member 150 .
  • the first roller 150 , the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit, the cooling unit and the second roller 300 may be arranged vertically or horizontally (see FIGS. 4 and 5 ). If the first roller 250 , the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit and the second roller 300 are vertically arranged, bending of the metallic member and/or deformation of the metallic member at a high temperature can be prevented and a heat gradient can be stably maintained. To minimize bending and deformation at a high temperature when the apparatus is horizontally arranged, the metallic member 150 can be stably transferred through the use of a specially designed jig.
  • a roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 in accordance with the present disclosure, the inside of the graphene forming unit or the inside of the coating apparatus may be driven under a vacuum or under an atmospheric pressure. If the roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 is scaled up, a system may be set up such that graphene formation on the outside of the metallic member may be performed under an atmospheric pressure, while graphene formation on the inside of the metallic member, e.g., on the inside of the metallic pipe may be performed under a vacuum atmosphere, but not limited thereto.
  • a sealing member (not shown) provided at an end of the pre-treating unit to introduce the metallic member 150 into the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 may be made of polymer having high heat resistance, e.g., a PTEE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)-based rubber.
  • a PTEE Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the first roller 250 may be provided with a fourth gas inlet 50 for supplying a gas into the inside of the metallic pipe
  • the second roller 300 may be provided with a second gas outlet 60 for exhausting the gas from the inside of the metallic pipe.
  • the fourth gas inlet 50 and the second gas outlet 60 may be used for the process of forming and coating graphene on an inner surface of the metallic pipe. Through the fourth gas inlet 50 , the gas can be stably supplied regardless of driving directions of the first and second rollers 250 and 300 around which the metallic pipe is wound.
  • one end of the fourth gas inlet 50 may be designed to communicate with one end of the metal pipe wound around the first roller 250 within the first roller 250 through a flexible connecting member.
  • one end of the second gas outlet 60 may also be designed to communicate with one end of the metal pipe wound around the second roller 300 within the second roller 300 through a flexible connecting member.
  • the graphene in the process of forming and simultaneously coating the graphene on the surface of the metallic member, is formed and simultaneously coated on the surface of the metallic member by chemical vapor deposition by supplying a reactant gas containing a carbon source through a gas nozzle in the graphene forming unit having a chamber shape, but not limited thereto.
  • the metallic member includes a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, brass, bronze, white brass, stainless steel, Ge and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • a metallic catalyst layer is formed on the surface of the metallic member, but not limited thereto.
  • the metallic catalyst layer may include a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, brass, white brass, bronze, stainless steel, Ge and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating method further includes transferring the graphene-coated metallic member into the cooling unit to cool the graphen-coated metallic member before the graphen-coated metallic member is collected by the second roller, but not limited thereto.
  • a reducing gas may be, e.g., a hydrogen gas, but not limited thereto.
  • the pre-treating unit may be heated to a temperature equal to or lower than a temperature of the graphene forming unit.
  • the graphene forming and coating process in the graphene forming unit may include all technical disclosures discussed above for the roll-to-roll coating apparatus, and redundant description will be omitted for the simplicity of explanation.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating method further includes transferring the graphene-coated metallic member into the cooling unit to cool the graphen-coated metallic member before the graphen-coated metallic member is collected by the second roller, but not limited thereto.
  • the gas inlets and the gas outlets may be designed such that various gas supply lines are operated independently even in case that the first roller and the second roller are rotated in forward/backward directions in the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 .
  • a purge gas is supplied through a third gas inlet formed between the graphene forming unit and the cooling unit, but not limited thereto.
  • the pure gas may be an argon gas, a nitrogen gas or a helium gas, but not limited thereto.
  • a gas having passed through the pre-treating unit, the graphene forming unit and the cooling unit is exited through a first gas outlet formed between the cooling unit and the second roller, but not limited thereto.
  • the graphene roll-to-roll coating method may further include, but not limited thereto:
  • multi-layered graphene in 10 or more layers can be formed on a metallic member as a protective film.
  • a single-layered graphene film may be formed on a surface of a copper pipe. Then, a metallic catalyst layer for graphene growth such as nickel capable of forming a relatively thick graphene layer may be deposited on the graphene film coated on the surface of the copper pipe by electroplating or the like. Thereafter, by allowing the cooper pipe to pass through the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus, a graphene film including 10 or more layers of graphene may be additionally coated on an outer wall of the copper pipe as a graphene protective film.
  • a metallic catalyst layer for graphene growth such as nickel capable of forming a relatively thick graphene layer
  • the metallic member includes a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, brass, bronze, white brass, stainless steel, Ge and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • the metallic catalyst layer includes a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, brass, bronze, stainless steel, Ge and a combination thereof, but not limited thereto.
  • the metallic catalyst layer for graphene growth may be a thin film or a thick film, but not limited thereto.
  • its thickness may range from, e.g., about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, but not limited thereto.
  • its thickness may range from, e.g., about 0.01 mm to 5 mm, but not limited thereto.
  • a metallic member coated with graphene formed by a graphene roll-to-roll coating method as described above (see FIG. 6 ). Either one surface or both surfaces of the metallic member 150 may be coated with single-layered or multi-layered graphene.
  • the metallic member 150 may be coated with the graphene through the above-discussed graphene roll-to-roll coating process and may be provided in a roll type.
  • the metallic member may be used as a heat pipe or a heat plate.
  • a heat pipe or heat plate may be used in a heat transfer system having wide applications in various electric appliances, air conditioning systems, mechanic systems and space engineering.
  • heat transfer efficiency can be improved.
  • FIG. 7 shows analysis results of contact angle of the fluid for evaluating fluid resistance of the fluid flowing within copper heat pipes in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 7 shows images of surfaces of the respective copper heat pipe samples.
  • FIG. 7 (a) is a copper heat pipe coated with graphene by the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 ; (b), a copper heat pipe undergone through high-temperature hydrogen annealing (reducing process); and (C), a bare copper pipe on which a great amount of surface oxide layer is formed). Water was used as a liquid.
  • the copper heat pipe coated with graphene is prepared by using the graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus 700 .
  • the copper heat pipe coated with graphene was prepared through the steps of supplying a copper heat pipe from the first roller 250 into the pre-treating unit (about 800° C.) in a roll-to-roll manner; pre-heating the supplied copper heat pipe in the pre-treating unit (about 800° C.) while flowing H 2 of about 10 sccm under an atmospheric pressure or at about 180 mTorr; transferring the pre-heated copper heat pipe into the graphene forming unit pre-heated to about 1000° C.) and forming and coating graphene on a surface of the copper heat pipe; transferring the copper heat pipe coated with the graphene into the cooling unit and cooling it therein; and collecting the copper heat pipe coated with the graphene by the second roller through a roll-to-roll mechanism after the copper pipe passes through the cooling unit.
  • the reactant gas containing the carbon source for graphene formation may be additionally supplied into the inside of the cooper heat pipe through the fourth gas inlet 50 provided in the first roller 250 , so that the graphene may be formed and coated on an external surface and an internal surface of the copper heat pipe while the copper heat pipe passes through the graphene forming unit.
  • contact angles were found to be higher than a contact angle on the surface of the bare copper pipe (b) by about 5 degree or more, which implies that there may be a difference in liquid resistances when the same liquid flows through the respective copper heat pipes.
  • surface roughness of the copper pipe can be improved, and, thus, the liquid resistance within the heat pipe coated with the graphene may be further ameliorated.
  • FIG. 8 shows an evaluation result of anti-chemical/anti-corrosion property of a surface of a copper heat pipe coated with a graphene film under a liquid atmosphere and an atmospheric atmosphere in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and evaluation results of anti-chemical/anticorrosion properties of surfaces of copper heat pipes in accordance comparative examples.
  • the same samples as used in FIG. 7 were used, and surface states of the respective samples were compared through optical microscope analysis. As for experiment conditions, the samples were submerged in water for one day, and after the samples were dried under an atmospheric atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) for about 10 hours, the surfaces of the samples were observed. In case of the sample (a), a surface change was hardly observed before and after an oxidation test.
  • the metallic member 150 coated with graphene may be provided by using the graphene coating method and the graphene coating apparatus before an oxide film is formed on the surface of the metallic member. Since the graphene protects the metal surface, anti-chemical/anti-corrosion property of the metallic member 150 coated with the graphene can be improved, and surface resistance between the liquid and the inside of the heat pipe can be minimized.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9E show evaluation results of heat conductivity of a high-temperature liquid (including a gas) for heat pipes in accordance with an example of the present disclosure and comparative examples, and also illustrate an experiment apparatus used in the experiment.
  • FIG. 9A indicates a case of (a) a copper heat pipe coated with graphene and a case of (c) a bare copper heat pipe (on which a great amount of surface oxide layer is formed), and FIG. 9B shows a case of (b) a copper heat pipe undergone through high-temperature hydrogen annealing (reducing process).
  • the heat pipe coated with graphene in accordance with the present disclosure is expected to exhibit heat transfer efficiency about 8% higher than that of a conventional heat pipe.
  • FIGS. 9C and 9D illustrate experiment equipment used to measure a temperature variation for a certain part inside and outside of the heat pipes while flowing a high-temperature gas into the heat pipes.
  • thermocouples were installed at inlets, outlets and two central portions of each heat pipe, and the system was set up to obtain data on a real time basis. Further, by using a thermal image camera, temperature distributions were observed at the same time.
  • a graph (B) of FIG. 9E indicates that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe coated with graphene was improved by a maximum of about 8.6% as compared to the heat pipes without being coated with graphene.
  • a graph (D) of FIG. 9E indicates that collected heat efficiency was improved by about 7.6% in case of the heat pipe coated with graphene, as compared to the heat pipes without coated with graphene.
  • FIG. 10 shows a heat pipe or a heat plate in accordance with an example of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 shows electron micrographs showing the surface and diameter change of Cu/Ni wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • FIG. 11A shows a bare Cu/Ni wire as a comparative example
  • FIG. 11B shows a Cu/Ni wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing as an comparative example
  • FIG. 11C shows a Cu/Ni wire coated with graphene as an example according to the present disclosure.
  • the diameter changes for each of those Cu/Ni wires are shown in the following Table 1.
  • FIG. 12B shows a photograph of the 4-point probe apparatus.
  • resistance variation for the bare Cu/Ni wire (a), the Cu/Ni wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing (b) and the Cu/Ni wire coated with graphene as an example according to the present disclosure (c) were measured.
  • the Cu/Ni wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing showed a higher resistivity than the bare Cu/Ni wire
  • the Cu/Ni wire coated with graphene as an example according to the present disclosure showed a lower resistivity than the bare Cu/Ni wire.
  • the resistivity of the Cu/Ni wire coated with graphene becomes lower as a diameter of the Cu/Ni wire becomes larger, confirming that electrical property the Cu wire coated with graphene was improved up to 47%.
  • FIG. 14 provides electron micrographs showing the surface and diameter change of Cu wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and a comparative example.
  • FIG. 14A shows a bare Cu wire as a comparative example
  • FIG. 14B shows a Cu wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing as an comparative example
  • FIG. 14C shows a Cu wire coated with graphene as an example according to the present disclosure.
  • the diameter changes for each of those Cu wires are shown in the following Table 2.
  • FIG. 15 shows graphs showing changes in resistivity according to a diameter of Cu wire in accordance with examples of the present disclosure and comparative examples.
  • the Cu wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing showed a lower resistivity than the bare Cu wire, which is different from the above the Cu/Ni wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing.
  • the Cu wire coated with graphene as an example according to the present disclosure showed the lowest resistivity than the bare Cu/Ni wire and the Cu wire treated by a high-temperature hydrogen annealing.
  • the resistivity of the Cu wire coated with graphene becomes higher as a diameter of the Cu wire becomes larger, confirming that electrical property of the Cu wire coated with graphene was improved up to 32%.
  • Graphene-coated metallic members may be applied to a heat pipe system in a wide range of industry areas as a heat pipe or a heat plate.
  • such metallic members may be applied to an electric/electronic field, air conditioning systems, a mechanic field, space engineering, hydraulic or air pressure metal-based pipe systems, cooling and heating systems for buildings, and so forth.
  • such metallic members in accordance with the present disclosure may be widely used in a waste heat collecting device, an air conditioning and cooling system, a solar energy collector, a cooling system of an atomic reactor, and so forth, and also be used for cooling a power line, an electronic circuit, a power generator, a transformer and the like, for cooling an electronic component and device, for cooling a metal cutter or the like, for cooling an electric motor, for local heating and heat control, for ice manufacturing and snow manufacturing, for controlling a temperature of a component of a spacecraft and a spacesuit, for heat control of a satellite and a flying vehicle, and so forth.

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