US20070183427A1 - Access control in radio access network having pico base stations - Google Patents

Access control in radio access network having pico base stations Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070183427A1
US20070183427A1 US11/538,081 US53808106A US2007183427A1 US 20070183427 A1 US20070183427 A1 US 20070183427A1 US 53808106 A US53808106 A US 53808106A US 2007183427 A1 US2007183427 A1 US 2007183427A1
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radio
user equipment
base station
access
femto
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Tomas Nylander
Jari VIKBERG
Paul Teder
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of US20070183427A1 publication Critical patent/US20070183427A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H04L61/4505Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
    • H04L61/4511Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/10Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
    • H04L63/101Access control lists [ACL]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/08Access security
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24Cell structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24Cell structures
    • H04W16/32Hierarchical cell structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/06Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/10Reselecting an access point controller
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/26Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • H04W88/085Access point devices with remote components
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/30Types of network names
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/10Connection setup
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/22Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/04Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H04W84/045Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/04Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
    • H04W92/12Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between access points and access point controllers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/22Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access point controllers

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to wireless telecommunications, and particularly to access control in a radio access network having pico or “femto” radio base stations.
  • wireless user equipment units communicate via a radio access network (RAN) to one or more core networks.
  • the user equipment units can be mobile stations such as mobile telephones (“cellular” telephones) and laptops with mobile termination, and thus can be, for example, portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-included, or car-mounted mobile devices which communicate voice and/or data with radio access network.
  • the wireless user equipment units can be fixed wireless devices, e.g., fixed cellular devices/terminals which are part of a wireless local loop or the like.
  • the radio access network covers a geographical area which is divided into cell areas, with each cell area being served by a base station.
  • a cell is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the radio base station equipment at a base station site. Each cell is identified by a unique identity, which is broadcast in the cell.
  • the base stations communicate over the air interface with the user equipment units (UE) within range of the base stations.
  • UE user equipment units
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the radio network controller also sometimes termed a base station controller (BSC) supervises and coordinates various activities of the plural base stations connected thereto.
  • the radio network controllers are typically connected to one or more core networks.
  • the core network has two service domains, with an RNC having an interface to both of these domains.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications
  • UTRAN Universal Mobile Telecommunications Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • UEs user equipment units
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • a common frequency band allows simultaneous communication between a user equipment unit (UE) and plural base stations.
  • Signals occupying the common frequency band are discriminated at the receiving station through spread spectrum CDMA waveform properties based on the use of a high speed, pseudo-noise (PN) code.
  • PN pseudo-noise
  • These high speed PN codes are used to modulate signals transmitted from the base stations and the user equipment units (UEs).
  • Transmitter stations using different PN codes (or a PN code offset in time) produce signals that can be separately demodulated at a receiving station.
  • the high speed PN modulation also allows the receiving station to advantageously generate a received signal from a single transmitting station by combining several distinct propagation paths of the transmitted signal.
  • a user equipment unit need not switch frequency when handover of a connection is made from one cell to another.
  • a destination cell can support a connection to a user equipment unit (UE) at the same time the origination cell continues to service the connection. Since the user equipment unit (UE) is always communicating through at least one cell during handover, there is no disruption to the call.
  • soft handover In contrast to hard handover, soft handover is a “make-before-break” switching operation.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • AMPS Advance Mobile Phone Service
  • NAMPS Narrowband AMPS
  • TACS Total Access Communications System
  • PDC Personal Digital Cellular
  • USDC United States Digital Cellular
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • a connection involves both a Source and Serving RNC (SRNC) and a target or drift RNC (DRNC), with the SRNC controlling the connection but with one or more diversity legs of the connection being handled by the DRNC.
  • SRNC Source and Serving RNC
  • DRNC target or drift RNC
  • An Inter-RNC transport link can be utilized for the transport of control and data signals between Source RNC and a Drift or Target RNC, and can be either a direct link or a logical link.
  • An interface between radio network controllers e.g., between a Serving RNC [SRNC] and a Drift RNC [DRNC]) is termed the “Iur” interface.
  • the radio network controller controls the UTRAN.
  • the RNC manages resources of the UTRAN.
  • resources managed by the RNC include (among others) the downlink (DL) power transmitted by the base stations; the uplink (UL) interference perceived by the base stations; and the hardware situated at the base stations.
  • an RNC can either have the role of a serving RNC (SRNC) or the role of a drift RNC (DRNC).
  • SRNC serving RNC
  • DRNC drift RNC
  • the RNC is in charge of the connection with the user equipment unit (UE), e.g., it has full control of the connection within the radio access network (RAN).
  • SRNC serving RNC
  • DRNC drift RNC
  • a system which includes the drift radio network controller (DRNC) and the base stations controlled over the Iub Interface by the drift radio network controller (DRNC) is herein referenced as a DRNC subsystem or DRNS.
  • An RNC is said to be the Controlling RNC (CRNC) for the base stations connected to it by an Iub interface. This CRNC role is not UE specific.
  • the CRNC is, among other things, responsible for handling radio resource management for the cells in the base stations connected to it by the Iub interface.
  • a small radio base station also called a “Femto RBS” and/or a “Home RBS” and/or “pico RBS” and/or “micro RBS” in some contexts.
  • the small RBS would provide normal WCDMA coverage for the end users (e.g., to a user equipment unit (UE)), and would be connected to the RNC using some kind of IP based transmission.
  • the coverage area so provided is called a “femto cell” (to indicate that the coverage area is relatively small).
  • Other terminology for a femto cell includes “pico cell” or “micro cell”, which is in contrast to a macro cell covered by a macro or standard radio base station (RBS).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the two different backhaul alternatives in more detail. The first alternative is labeled “xDSL Backhaul” and the second alternative is labeled “WiMAX Backhaul”.
  • macro RBS ordinary WCDMA base stations
  • RAN radio access network
  • IP addressing information DNS name, Fully Qualified Domain Name, FQDN, or IP-address
  • a femto RBS is typically installed by the end user rather than the network operator.
  • the end users are also able to move the Femto RBS geographically from place to place without the operator being able or willing to control relocation of the femto RBS.
  • Such user-directed relocation requires that, wherever the Femto RBS is installed or located, it should connect to the correct RNC.
  • a “correct RNC” or “preferred RNC” in this sense would be the same RNC that is controlling the overlaying macro cell of the radio access network (RAN).
  • the femto RBS When the femto RBS is used to enhance local coverage for example in a small or home office (SOHO) environment, it should be dedicated to the home or enterprise since the transmission towards the radio network controller node (and mobile core network) may be using transmission provided and paid by the home or enterprise itself. In such case the only terminals belonging to the SOHO or enterprise should be allowed to access the femto radio base stations.
  • SOHO small or home office
  • the end user or SOHO purchases and possibly operates the femto radio base station.
  • the femto radio base station may be a type of base stations that can only serve a limited number of end users. So it is very important that the end user or SOHO that has purchased the Femto RBS have access and not be denied access in view of the femto radio base station being preoccupied serving with unauthorized users.
  • access control is important for gaining end-user acceptance for the femto radio base station concept.
  • Access Control Class and Location Update or Routing Area Update
  • CN Core Network
  • the radio access network mechanisms are based on the Access Control Class concept.
  • one or more Access Control Classes are allocated to the subscriber and stored in the USIM of the subscriber's user equipment unit (UE).
  • UE subscriber's user equipment unit
  • These Access Control Classes can be used to prevent selected classes of users from sending initial access messages, mostly for load control reasons.
  • the Access Control Class concept in UTRAN cannot be used for fine-grained Access Control.
  • One reason for the deficiency is related to the fact that only ten different Access Control Classes are available for normal end-users. With such a limited number of Access Control Classes, it is impossible to build any logic for access control for the femto radio base station concept.
  • the mechanisms between the mobile station (e.g., mobile terminal or user equipment unit (UE)) and the core network are based on Location Update control. This means that when the mobile station performs a Location Update towards the core network, the core network can reject the Location Update based on e.g. the location of the mobile station. Although the core network can reject a Location Update, a problem exists in the fact that the level of rejection can be only done on Location Area (LAI) or PLMN levels. The core network is not even aware of the Cell Identifier allocated for each femto radio base station.
  • LAI Location Area
  • PLMN Packet Radio Service
  • Methods and apparatus provide access control to a femto radio base station of a radio access network.
  • the radio access network maintains a database of allowed user equipment units which are to be permitted access for use of a femto radio base station.
  • the database is consulted and used to determine if a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network is to be given access.
  • the candidate user equipment unit is permitted to use the femto radio base station only if the candidate user equipment unit is an allowed user equipment unit as determined by the database.
  • the candidate user equipment unit is redirected to another frequency, or to another cell, or to another radio access technology network.
  • the candidate user equipment unit if the candidate user equipment unit is not an allowed user equipment unit as determined by the database, the candidate user equipment unit is required to wait for a specified wait time before again attempting to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network.
  • the access control database can be pre-configured and/or dynamically configured with identities of allowed user equipment units which are to be permitted access for use of the femto radio base station
  • One example way for the candidate user equipment unit to attempt to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network is by the candidate user equipment unit attempting to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the radio access network through the femto radio base station.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the technology concerns a method of operating a radio access network.
  • the method includes (1) maintaining a database of allowed user equipment units which are to be permitted access for use of a femto radio base station; and (2) using the database to determine if a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network is to be given access.
  • a radio access network comprising at least one femto cell, the femto radio base station serving a femto cell of the radio access network; at least one radio network controller node (configured for controlling a connection between a user equipment unit and the radio access network using resources of the femto radio base station); and, an access control database.
  • the access control database is configured for facilitating a determination whether a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network is to be given access.
  • the access control database can be situated as a stand alone node of the radio access network or situated at a radio network controller node of the radio access network.
  • the access control database is configured for facilitating the determination in response to interrogation by the radio network controller node.
  • a radio access network node comprising an access control database configured for facilitating a determination whether a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use a femto radio base station for access to a radio access network is to be given access to the radio access network through the femto radio base station.
  • the access control database can be situated as a stand alone node of the radio access network or situated at a radio network controller node of the radio access network.
  • FIG. 1A - FIG. 1E are diagrammatic views of an example embodiment of a telecommunications system including a radio access network, showing different stages of an access control operation with respect to a femto radio base station.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example embodiment of a femto radio base station.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an example radio network control (RNC) node.
  • RNC radio network control
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an example structure of an access control database for femto radio base stations.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing two different backhaul alternatives.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an example embodiment of a status message returned by a radio network controller node after consultation with a femto access control database.
  • processors may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software.
  • the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared or distributed.
  • explicit use of the term “processor” or “controller” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, read only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • the present invention is described in the non-limiting, example context of a telecommunications system 10 shown in FIG. 1A .
  • the telecommunications system 10 connects to a core network 20 .
  • the telecommunications system 10 comprises a radio access network 24 .
  • the radio access network 24 includes one or more radio network controller nodes (RNCs) 26 and radio base stations (BS) 28 .
  • RNCs radio network controller nodes
  • BS radio base stations
  • FIG. 1A particular shows two radio network control nodes, i.e., a first radio network control 26 1 and a second radio network control 26 2 as well as one or more macro radio base stations (only one macro radio base station 28 M being shown in FIG. 1A ) and plural femto radio base stations 28 f1 , 28 f2 , . . .
  • the macro radio base station 28 M serves a macrocell C M .
  • the femto radio base stations 28 f1 , 28 f2 , . . . 28 fx serve respective femtocells C f1 , C f2 , . . . C fx .
  • a radio base station is typically situated at an interior (e.g., center) of the respective cell which the radio base station serves, but for sake of clarity the macro radio base station and femto radio base stations of FIG. 1A are shown instead as being associated by double headed arrows to their respective cells.
  • At least some of the femtocells C f1 , C f2 , . . . C fx are geographically overlayed or overlapped by the macrocell CM.
  • a “femto radio base station” also has the meaning of a pico radio base station or a micro radio base station, which serves a femto cell (or pico cell or micro cell).
  • the femto cell is typically overlaid by one or more macro cells and serves a smaller geographic area or subscriber constituency than a macro cell.
  • the technology described herein has particular benefit for a femto radio base station which can be installed and/or relocated within a radio access network without the installation or relocation being controlled by the owner/operator of the radio access network.
  • a non-network operator entity a femto operator
  • a user equipment unit such as user equipment unit (UE) 30 shown in FIG. 1A , communicates with one or more cells or one or more base stations (BS) 28 over a radio or air interface 32 .
  • the user equipment unit can be a mobile station such as a mobile telephone (“cellular” telephone) and laptop with mobile termination, and thus can be, for example, portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-included, or car-mounted mobile device which communicate voice and/or data with radio access network.
  • cellular mobile telephone
  • the radio access network 24 shown in FIG. 1A can be, by way of non-limiting example, a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
  • UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • radio access is preferably based upon Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) with individual radio channels allocated using CDMA spreading codes.
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • the nodes 26 and 28 are respectively termed the radio network control node and the radio base station nodes in view of the UTRAN example.
  • the term radio network control and radio base station also encompasses nodes having similar functionality for other types of radio access networks.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • AMPS Advance Mobile Phone Service
  • NAMPS Narrowband AMPS
  • TACS Total Access Communications System
  • PDC Personal Digital Cellular
  • USDC United States Digital Cellular
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the radio access network 24 is connected to core network 20 over an interface, such as the Iu interface for UTRAN.
  • the core network 20 of FIG. 1A can comprise, among other things a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) node, a Gateway MSC node (GMSC), a Gateway General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (GGSN), and a Serving GPRS Support node (SGSN).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • GMSC Gateway MSC node
  • GPRS Gateway General Packet Radio Service
  • GGSN Gateway General Packet Radio Service
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support node
  • Circuit switched (CS) network or packet switched (PS) network can be connected to core network 20 .
  • the radio access network 24 of FIG. 1A is shown with only two RNC nodes 26 .
  • Multiple radio network controller nodes (RNCs) may be provided, with each RNC 26 being connected to one or more base stations (BS) 28 .
  • BS base stations
  • RNCs radio network controller nodes
  • a different number of base stations than that shown in FIG. 1A can be served by a radio network control 26 , and that RNCs need not serve the same number of base stations.
  • an RNC can be connected over an Iur interface to one or more other RNCs in radio access network 24 .
  • the radio network controller node (RNC) 26 communicates over an interface Iub with the macro radio base station 28 M .
  • a base station such as the macro radio base station 28 is sometimes also referred to in the art as a radio base station, a node B, or B-node.
  • a radio base station such as the macro radio base station 28
  • a node B or B-node.
  • Each of the radio interface 32 , the Iu interface, the Iur interface, and the Iub interface are shown by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1A also shows by dash-dotted lines a Iub interface which exists between the femto radio base stations 28 f and the RNC node 26 .
  • the Iub interface is preferably formed by an internet protocol (IP) connection.
  • IP internet protocol
  • FIG. 1A also shows that the radio network controller nodes (RNCs) of radio access network 24 have access to access control database 44 .
  • the femto access control database 44 may be provided as a separate node of radio access network 24 as shown, or may be an adjunct of another RAN node (e.g., included in one or more radio network controller nodes (RNCs) 26 ). Alternatively, in certain cases, access to femto access control database 44 can even be provided through core network 20 .
  • Femto access control database 44 is shown as being connected to radio network control nodes, and particularly to first radio network controller node RNC 26 1 and second radio network controller node RNC 26 2 .
  • femto access control database 44 maintains or lists allowed user equipment units which are to be permitted access for use of a femto radio base station. As shown in FIG. 4 , femto access control database 44 is formatted to list, for each of L number of femto radio base stations, identifications of the user equipment units which have allowed access status to the respective femto radio base station. An example such identification for a user equipment unit (UE) may be the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the user equipment units. As explained hereinafter, femto access control database 44 is consulted and used to determine if a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use the femto radio base station for access to the radio access network is to be given access.
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • FIG. 1A can be viewed as illustrating generic access of femto radio base station 28 fj to the radio access network (RAN), e.g., to its radio network controller node (e.g., radio network controller node 26 1 in the specifically illustrated scenario).
  • RAN radio access network
  • e.g., to its radio network controller node e.g., radio network controller node 26 1 in the specifically illustrated scenario.
  • broadband wireless (mobile) access e.g., WiMAX
  • access for femto radio base station 28 fj to the radio access network 24 is through a macro radio base station, and can occur using, e.g. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and Enhanced Uplink; or WiMAX.
  • HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
  • WiMAX Enhanced Uplink
  • the femto radio base stations 28 f including femto radio base stations 28 fj are connected to a communications network 38 .
  • An example of such communications network is an IP network 38 .
  • aspects of the technology described herein are applicable to all types of access, including broadband fixed access and broadband mobile access (e.g., broadband wireless access).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates basic, selected, representative constituent elements of an example generic femto radio base station 28 f .
  • One or more of the femto radio base stations 28 f1 , 28 f2 , . . . 28 fx can take the form of the generic femto radio base station 28 f shown of FIG. 2 .
  • the femto radio base station 28 f of FIG. 2 is shown as including, among its other unillustrated constituent units, an interface unit 50 for connecting with radio network control node 26 over the Iub interface; one or more radio frequency transceivers 52 ; an optional UTRAN receiver 54 ; and, a data processing system, section, or unit 56 .
  • the IP interface unit 50 is a normal Iub interface unit, but has connectivity to an IP network
  • connection between RNC 26 and the femto radio base stations 28 f preferably utilizes, e.g., Internet Protocol (IP)-based transmission.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the radio frequency transceivers 52 are for communicating over the radio or air interface with user equipment units (UEs) in the femtocell served by the femto radio base station 28 f .
  • the number of radio frequency transceivers 52 depends on various factors including capacity of the femto radio base station to handle mobile connections.
  • Some femto radio base station nodes may further also comprise receiver 54 for receiving scanned cell information broadcast for one or more receivable cells of the radio access network.
  • the femto radio base station 28 f comprises or is equipped with a WCDMA receiver (a UE) as its radio frequency receiver 54 , thereby enabling the femto radio base station to camp on signals from receivable cells (including both WCDMA macrocells and femtocells) and to read the relevant system or network information broadcast in those cells.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates basic, selected, representative constituent elements of an example radio network control node 26 .
  • the radio network control node 26 can comprise several interface units, such as an interface unit 70 for connecting radio network control node 26 over the Iu interface to core network 20 ; an interface unit 72 for connecting radio network control node 26 over the Iur interface to other (unillustrated) radio network controllers; one or more interface units 74 for connecting radio network control node 26 over the Iub interface to respective one or more macro radio base station 28 M ; and, one or more interface units 76 for connecting radio network control node 26 over the Iub interface to respective one or more femto radio base stations 28 f1 , 28 f2 , . . . 28 fx .
  • the connection between RNC 26 and the femto radio base stations 28 m preferably utilizes, e.g., Internet Protocol (IP)-based transmission.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the connection between RNC 26 and the macro radio base station(s) 28 M can utilize, e.g., Internet Protocol (IP)-based and/or ATM-based transmission.
  • the radio network control node 26 comprises numerous unillustrated constituent units, as well as a data processing system, section, or unit 80 .
  • the data processing system 80 of radio network control node 26 comprises a control section (e.g., controller 82 ); a handover unit 84 ; a combiner and splitter unit 86 (involved, e.g., in handling diversity legs of a connection); and, a femto radio base station handler 88 .
  • the femto radio base station handler 88 includes a searcher interface 92 for femto access control database 44 .
  • UE 30 user equipment unit (UE) 30 is seeking access to radio access network 24 via femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • the femto radio base station 28 fj has been activated by a femto operator and has been connected to a correct radio network controller node (e.g., radio network controller 26 2 ).
  • the femto radio base station 28 fj can become connected to is correct radio network controller node in various ways, such as those explained, e.g., in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
  • femto radio base station 28 fj there may be economic exclusivities for femto radio base station 28 fj . That is, the owner/operator of femto radio base station 28 fj is ashamed regarding which and/or how many user equipment units utilize femto radio base station 28 fj for access to radio access network 24 .
  • Such arguely may arise, for example, by the fact that the owner/operator of femto radio base station 28 fj is obligated to pay for the connections via femto radio base station 28 fj to the radio access network 24 , or the fact that the owner/operator wants to ensure that the user equipment units associated with the owner/operator's community, enterprise, SOHO, or business or the like is guaranteed access to radio access network 24 via femto radio base station 28 fj with priority or exclusivity over other user equipment units which are not members of the owner/operators's community, etc.
  • FIG. 1A shows, as event or step S- 1 A, the user equipment unit (UE) 30 (also known herein as a “candidate” user equipment unit) attempting to use femto radio base station 28 fj for access to radio access network 24 .
  • UE user equipment unit
  • RRC radio resource control
  • candidate user equipment unit 30 sends a RRC connection establishment message to radio network controller node 26 2 via femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • the RRC connection establishment message of step S- 1 A includes identification information regarding the candidate user equipment unit 30 , e.g., the IMSI of candidate user equipment unit 30 .
  • the femto radio base station 28 fj relays the RRC connection establishment message of step S- 1 A over the Iub interface to radio network controller 26 2 .
  • the request for access inherent in the RRC connection establishment message of step S- 1 A is processed by radio network controller node 26 2 , and particularly by femto radio base station handler 88 .
  • the femto radio base station handler 88 directs searcher interface 92 to prepare a query of femto access control database 44 so that radio network controller node 26 2 can ascertain whether candidate user equipment unit 30 is permitted access to radio access network 24 via femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • FIG. 1B shows radio network controller node 26 2 sending a query to femto access control database 44 to find out whether the candidate user equipment unit 30 is a permitted user/subscriber/customer of femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • the query to femto access control database 44 includes both the identifier of the candidate user equipment unit 30 and an identifier of the femto radio base station 28 fj for which permission is sought.
  • FIG. 1C depicts, as step or event S- 1 C, the femto access control database 44 receiving the query from radio network controller node 26 2 and performing a search to determine if the identifier (IMSI) of the candidate user equipment unit 30 is listed as an allowed identifier for the particular femto radio base station identified in the query message, i.e., femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • IMSI identifier
  • FIG. 4 in one example configuration of femto access control database 44 , for each femto radio base station encompassed by femto access control database 44 there is a list of permitted or allowed user equipment units, the list preferably being formatted in terms of user equipment unit identifier such as IMSI, for example.
  • FIG. 1D also depicts femto access control database 44 returning a response radio network controller node 26 2 after femto access control database 44 has conducted its search.
  • the response message (depicted as step or event S- 1 D in FIG. 1D ) advises merely whether candidate user equipment unit 30 is allowed or not to use femto radio base station 28 fj for RAN access.
  • the radio network controller node checks femto access control database 44 to determine whether an allowed IMSI for this femto radio base station 28 fj is attempting to establish the connection. If the femto access control database 44 indicates in step S- 1 D that candidate user equipment unit 30 is allowed to access radio access network 24 using femto radio base station 28 fj , the RRC connection establishment is approved by the radio network controller node (e.g., radio network controller node 26 2 ).
  • the radio network controller node e.g., radio network controller node 26 2 .
  • step or event S- 1 E depicts, as step or event S- 1 E, the radio network controller node 26 2 sending a status message to candidate user equipment unit 30 .
  • the status message takes the form of an approval message.
  • the status message takes the form of a denial message.
  • the denial message of step S- 1 E can include a curt notification that the candidate user equipment unit 30 is denied use of femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • the denial message of step S- 1 E can include information whereby the candidate user equipment unit is redirected to another frequency, or to another cell, or to another radio access technology network.
  • the denial message of step S- 1 E can require candidate user equipment unit 30 to wait for a specified wait time before again attempting to use femto radio base station 28 fj for access to radio access network 24 .
  • the RNC e.g., radio network controller node 26 2 rejects the RRC connection establishment.
  • the RNC can indicate different actions for the mobile station in the event of a denial. These are all based on existing mechanisms in the RRC protocol.
  • an example status message 100 may include several fields of information elements (IEs) which indicates the different action to be taken by candidate user equipment unit 30 in view of the denial. Foremost among the fields or information elements (IE) is information element (IE) 102 which specifies whether the candidate user equipment unit 30 is allowed or denied. Such fields or information element(s) (IEs) may include one or more of the following: a “Rejection Cause IE” 104 ; a “Wait IE” 106 , and/or a “Redirection IE” 108 , for example.
  • the RNC may:
  • the information to include in the information element(s) such as “Rejection Cause IE” 104 , “Wait IE” 106 , and “Redirection IE” 108 may be gleaned from other databases or resources access from or maintained the radio network controller node itself, or alternatively by radio access network or, in some cases, the core network.
  • the owner/operator of femto radio base station 28 fj has some input or discretion in determining whether a guest candidate user equipment unit will be permitted subsequently to use femto radio base station 28 fj should congestion eventually dissipate or decrease.
  • femto access control database 44 may include an additional optional field of information to give guest privileges to an otherwise non-allowed candidate user equipment unit 30 when traffic conditions so permit.
  • a user equipment unit which is configured in the femto access control database 44 as a guest may be allowed optional access to femto cell C fj , but only when traffic conditions so permit (e.g., low congestion).
  • Information such as the information included in the status message of step S- 1 E and FIG. 6 can additionally and optionally be provided to the femto radio base station 28 fj , or any other network node (macro or pico) having a need or desire or advantage for knowing the outcome of the access request.
  • Such information to other nodes may be beneficial, for example, in architectures in which the other node (e.g., a radio base station node) currently has, or may in the future have, capabilities of handling access control, either totally or partially.
  • the femto access control database 44 can be pre-configured and/or dynamically configured with identities of allowed user equipment units which are to be permitted access for use of the femto radio base station.
  • the femto radio base station 28 fj is identified in the RNC and in femto access control database 44 with an identifier such as (for example) a serial number or the like.
  • the association between serial number and mobile subscriber identity is initially done, e.g. at a store or other release point at which the pico-base station is purchased or acquired by the pico/femto owner/operator.
  • the femto/pico owner/operator of femto radio base station 28 fj can define which mobile subscribers (e.g., which user equipment units (UEs) are able to access femto radio base station 28 fj .
  • Such control of access can be achieved, e.g., using a web-based service, where the owner of the base station is first authorized and is then able to define the allowed or permitted mobile subscribes.
  • the mobile subscribers are preferably identified using MSISDN number and then the service can map these values to the IMSI values of the user equipment units for use by the femto access control database 44 .
  • the technology enables a femto RBS to be genuinely dedicated to a set of users.
  • Such dedication and exclusivity is especially important if, for example, the end users' own broadband connection is used for transmission between base station and RNC or if the end user has paid for a certain WCDMA air capacity in the femto RBS.
  • an access control database is configured for facilitating (e.g., making or assisting in the making of) a determination whether a candidate user equipment unit attempting to use a femto radio base station for access to a radio access network is to be given access to the radio access network through the femto radio base station.
  • the access control database can be situated as a stand alone node of the radio access network or situated at a radio network controller node of the radio access network.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
US11/538,081 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Access control in radio access network having pico base stations Abandoned US20070183427A1 (en)

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US72298205P 2005-10-04 2005-10-04
US72298405P 2005-10-04 2005-10-04
US72298305P 2005-10-04 2005-10-04
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US72878005P 2005-10-21 2005-10-21
US73149505P 2005-10-31 2005-10-31
US11/538,081 US20070183427A1 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Access control in radio access network having pico base stations

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US11/538,088 Active 2029-02-06 US7817997B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Redirection of IP-connected radio base station to correct control node
US11/538,081 Abandoned US20070183427A1 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Access control in radio access network having pico base stations
US11/538,078 Abandoned US20070097939A1 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Automatic configuration of pico radio base station
US11/538,084 Active 2027-10-19 US7768983B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Radio network controller selection for IP-connected radio base station
US11/538,080 Abandoned US20070105568A1 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Paging for a radio access network having pico base stations

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US11/538,080 Abandoned US20070105568A1 (en) 2005-10-04 2006-10-03 Paging for a radio access network having pico base stations

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US7768983B2 (en) 2010-08-03
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