US20060159925A1 - High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same - Google Patents

High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20060159925A1
US20060159925A1 US11/311,289 US31128905A US2006159925A1 US 20060159925 A1 US20060159925 A1 US 20060159925A1 US 31128905 A US31128905 A US 31128905A US 2006159925 A1 US2006159925 A1 US 2006159925A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
thermochromic
layer
formulation
preformed article
materials
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/311,289
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Satish Agrawal
Robb Osinski
Robert Winskowicz
Clifford Parker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Performance Indicator LLC
Original Assignee
Performance Indicator LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Performance Indicator LLC filed Critical Performance Indicator LLC
Priority to US11/311,289 priority Critical patent/US20060159925A1/en
Assigned to PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC reassignment PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AGRAWAL, SATISH, PARKER, CLIFFORD, WINSKOWICZ, ROBERT, OSINSKI, ROBB J.
Publication of US20060159925A1 publication Critical patent/US20060159925A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/0023—Covers
    • A63B37/0024—Materials other than ionomers or polyurethane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/005—Cores
    • A63B37/0051—Materials other than polybutadienes; Constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/542—No clear coat specified the two layers being cured or baked together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
    • C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/76—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment with means enabling use in the dark, other than powered illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B43/00—Balls with special arrangements
    • A63B43/06—Balls with special arrangements with illuminating devices ; with reflective surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1088—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Definitions

  • thermochromic compositions comprising an effective amount of thermochromic materials formulated to yield change in color of high intensity.
  • the present invention is also directed to thermochromic objects comprising at least one envirochromic layer, wherein said envirochromic layer comprises at least one thermochromic composition.
  • Thermochromic objects may also additionally comprise at least one reflective layer, at least one colorant layer, and/or at least one protective layer.
  • Such protective layers comprise photoluminescent fluorescent materials to retard photolytic degradation.
  • the present invention is further directed to methods for creating thermochromic objects, said methods comprising the steps of obtaining a preformed article and applying thereto at least one envirochromic layer constructed by applying said thermochromic materials, and wherein one may additionally apply to said preformed article said reflective layer, and/or said colorant layer, and/or said protective layer.
  • Desirable products are those that meet specific needs and/or provide added benefits to the consumer.
  • These specific needs or added benefits may be safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, shelf life indicators, authentication and tamper indicators, fashion accessory benefits, and/or fun & entertainment benefits.
  • These added benefits can be created, or indicators provided, by triggering a color change as a response to the product's environment.
  • Envirochromic materials are those whose visible color changes due to emission, absorption reflection, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation. Such emission, absorption, reflection, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation results from a change in the material's environment. These changes, or “triggers,” include change in temperature, change in electromagnetic radiation, change in chemical environment, an electrical stimulus, etc.
  • Color change can occur by changes in electromagnetic radiation, reflection, absorption or scattering.
  • photochromism signifies color change triggered by electromagnetic radiation
  • thermochromism signifies color change triggered by changes in temperature
  • electrochromism signifies changes in color occurring due to gain or loss of electrons
  • solvatochromism signifies color change resulting from changes in solvent polarity
  • halochromism signifies color change caused by a change in pH
  • ionochromism signifies color change caused by ions
  • piezochromism signifies changes caused by mechanical pressure.
  • Color change can also result from luminescent emissions.
  • luminescent emissions we will use “luminescence” or “luminescent” to signify the color change.
  • thermochromic temperature-triggered color changes as a consequence of changes in absorption reflection and/or scattering of electromagnetic radiation, hereinafter referred to as “thermochromic,” but also from luminescent emissions which will be designated as “luminescent” or “luminescence.”
  • Thermochromism can be triggered, in general, by inorganic compounds, organic compounds, polymers, and sol-gels.
  • thermochromic behavior arises from phase transition, change in ligand geometry, equilibria between different molecular structures, and change in the number of solvent molecules in the coordination sphere.
  • Certain metal complex crystals comprising double salts of a transition metal such as cobalt, nickel, or manganese, and an aminic amide, such as hexamethylenetetramine, exhibit thermochromism. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,710. These double salts discolor on releasing water when heated and resume the original color on absorption of moisture when cooled. Id.
  • a transition metal such as cobalt, nickel, or manganese
  • an aminic amide such as hexamethylenetetramine
  • thermochromic temperature range is substantially from 50° C. to about 300° C. More specifically, the number of substances undergoing thermochromism at temperatures below 100° C. is limited to 2 or 3. For instance, in the case of Ag 2 HgI 4 , the thermochromism is from yellow to orange occurs at 50° C., and in the case of Cu 2 HgI 4 thermochromism from red to brown is brought about at 70° C. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,118. Of course, the kind of color cannot be optionally chosen and the difference between colors before and after thermochromism is small. Moreover, since these metal complex crystals are not light-transmitting, it is not possible to use them as optical switches to hide/reveal an indicia, pattern or color in the layer below. Id.
  • thermochromic materials These materials have heretofore been used as thermochromic materials but their applications are limited.
  • thermochromism varies with molecular structure. It may be due to equilibrium between two molecular species, acid-base, keto-enol, lactim-lactam, or between stereoisomers or between crystal structures.
  • Thermochromic liquid crystals show different colors at different temperature because of selective reflection of specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation from their structure.
  • these materials form a cholesteric liquid crystal.
  • changes in temperature result in thermal expansion, which leads to a change in layer spacing and hence pitch, which results in a change in the wavelength of reflected light and hence a color change is observed with varying temperature.
  • Thermochromic substances further include cholesteric liquid crystals and mixtures of cholesteric liquid crystals and nematic liquid crystals, but these substances also find greatly limited use because they are low in color density, have no selectivity in color and in color change temperature and are very expensive. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,710.
  • Liquid crystals generally exhibit thermochromism at temperatures ranging from ⁇ 10° C. to +200° C.
  • the number of liquid crystals undergoing thermochromism at a temperature not exceeding 0° C. is very limited, namely 1 or 2.
  • the color or thermochromism causing temperature cannot freely be chosen but is determined by the properties of the liquid crystals per se. These compounds are also chemically very sensitive; their properties are readily degraded upon contact with other substances.
  • Thermochromic liquid crystal materials tend to be expensive and generally exhibit low color density. Hence, their use is not widespread, occurring in specialized situations
  • Thermochromism arising from variations in stereoisomers in mostly associated with “overcrowded” ethylenes, such as Bianthrone, Dixanthylene, and Xanthylidenanthrone. These compounds are characterized by at least one ethylene group, a number of aromatic rings, and a hetero-atom, usually nitrogen or oxygen.
  • the ethylene bond places a restriction on the molecular orientations possible, thereby increasing the energy barrier between different streoisomeric configurations.
  • the temperature is increased, the molecule “switches” between different stereoisomers, this change being accompanied by a variation in color.
  • thermochromism occurs at temperatures in excess of 150° C.
  • bianthrone is colorless when solid, but forms green droplets above its melting point.
  • the molecular rearrangement of an organic compound that arises from tautomerization can lead to an increase in the conjugation of the molecule, and consequently the formation of a new chromophore.
  • Such molecular rearrangement can be effected by a change in temperature or by alteration of the polarity of the solvent and/or the pH of the system. Examples are, acid-base, keto-enol, and Lactim-Lactam equilibrium.
  • thermochromic behavior Although fundamentally the chromism is pH-dependent, the temperature-dependence of the acid-base equilibrium means that pH sensitivity can result in thermochromic behavior. We present below one such example of crystal violet lactone.
  • crystal violet Lactone does not exhibit thermochromism below a pH of 4. That is, even upon heating the ring opening does not occur and the colored form predominates. On the other hand, at higher pHs and upon heating equilibrium will shift to the left and the dye will become colorless.
  • thermochromic system is one wherein molecular rearrangement occurs by a reaction between an electron donating compound referred to as a color former and an electron accepting compound referred to as a developer.
  • compositions have the following advantages: (1) Thermochromic materials can be formulated for various colors; (2) The thermochromic materials gives a high color density; and (3) Depending on the kind of solvent, the color change temperature can be set over a wide range of low to high temperatures.
  • thermochromic materials of this type generally comprise an electron donating compound, an electron accepting compound, and organic solvents to control the temperature and sensitivity of the thermochromic effect. It can be appreciated that since thermochromism is an equilibrium reaction, the two component systems can be very sensitive to their environment and hence are generally encapsulated to make them amenable to deployment in different formulations. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,028,118; 4,421,560; 4,425,161; and 4,717,770.
  • thermochromic materials which are generally very sensitive to their physical and chemical environment, which can comprise solvents, polymeric resin binders, stabilizing additives, pigments, dyes etc., which if not controlled, can quickly result in a degradation of the degree of color change, or even complete loss of thermochromic performance.
  • thermochromic materials are encapsulated, to enable greater formulation flexibility for application to various substrates deploying a variety of techniques, the materials are still quite sensitive to their physical and chemical environment since the encapsulant is still porous.
  • these materials are essential for the color change to be perceived as vibrant.
  • thermochromic materials Even if the chemical environment does not impact the thermochromic materials, it can impact the capsule material. For example, the solvent can swell the polymeric capsule wall, thereby making it a scatterer of electromagnetic radiation. In cases where thermochromic materials are used as an optical switch, the changed color state will appear white and/or hazy instead of clear.
  • thermochromic material environment is carefully selected so that the thermochromic performance is not degraded
  • the solvents used can leach harmful materials from the substrate over which these materials are applied.
  • thermochromic materials have generally been deployed as single layer applications, the color gamut is still fairly limited.
  • pigments are added to colorants in order to expand the range of colors that can be achieved.
  • color results from absorption of electromagnetic radiation creating colors with combinations of thermochromic materials of limited color range, and pigment colorants, is still quite restrictive in the range of bright colors that can be achieved.
  • thermochromic materials are not only subject to photolytic degradation but by virtue of their sensitivity, need to be protected from mechanical forces such as abrasion, etc.
  • thermochromic materials and mixtures of thermochromic materials will need to be adapted to provide the requisite color change.
  • Thermochromic materials usually exist as solids or liquid crystals in a carrier medium.
  • thermochromic materials When thermochromic materials are used as an optical switch, the theromochromic material needs to be formulated with clear resins and solvents that do not interact. Vibrant color layer formulations using solvents that do not leach are also desired.
  • thermochromic objects also necessitates good adhesion to substrates and mechanical toughness such as scratch resistance, etc., specific requirements being dictated by the application.
  • thermochromic materials and thermochromic objects created from such materials that can serve as safety indicators, fashion indicators, or create fun and entertainment by triggering temperature-activated color changes that are vibrant and impactful.
  • the thermochromic objects can also be created in a variety of standard and emissive colors, also with high intensity.
  • the thermochromic objects are also created to minimize photolytic degradation, do not degrade with moisture, and are mechanically robust, particularly in outdoor applications.
  • thermochromic materials comprising an effective amount of thermochromic materials, at least one liquid carrier medium, at least one polymeric resin, and at least one formulation stabilizing additive, wherein said thermochromic materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation provide thermochromic formulations with high intensity and persistence.
  • thermochromic formulation comprising an effective amount of thermochromic materials, at least one liquid carrier medium, at least one polymeric resin, and at least one formulation stabilizing additive, wherein said thermochromic materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermochromic formulation comprising an effective amount of thermochromic materials, at least one liquid carrier medium, at least one polymeric resin, and at least one formulation stabilizing additive, wherein said thermochromic materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation and wherein the theromchromic formulation has an FT of at least 90%.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermochromic object comprising a performed article and at least one thermochromic layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermochromic object comprising a preformed article, at least one thermochromic layer, and at least one reflective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the reflective layer results from a reflective formulation, wherein the reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said thermochromic layer is distal to said preformed article.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermochromic object comprising a preformed article, at least one thermochromic layer, at least one reflective layer, and at least one protective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the reflective layer results from a reflective formulation, wherein said protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein the reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, and wherein said thermochromic layer is between said reflective layer and said protective layer.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermochromic object comprising a preformed article, at least one thermochromic layer, and at least one protective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein the thermochromic layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for creating a thermochromic object, said method comprising the steps of obtaining a preformed article and applying to said preformed article at least one thermochromic layer, wherein said thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for creating a thermochromic object, said method comprising the steps of obtaining a preformed article, applying to said preformed article at least one thermochromic layer, and applying to said preformed article at least one reflective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the reflective layer results from a reflective formulation, wherein the reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said thermochromic layer is distal to said preformed article.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for creating a thermochromic object, said method comprising the steps of obtaining a preformed article, applying to said preformed article at least one thermochromic layer, applying to said preformed article at least one reflective layer, and applying to said preformed article at least one protective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the reflective layer results from a reflective formulation, wherein said protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein the reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, and wherein said thermochromic layer is between said reflective layer and said protective layer.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for creating a thermochromic object, said method comprising the steps of obtaining a preformed article, applying to said preformed article at least one thermochromic layer, and applying to said preformed article at least one protective layer, wherein the thermochromic layer results from the foregoing thermochromic formulations, wherein the protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein the thermochromic layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates how absorption of ultraviolet radiation by a molecule excites it from a vibrational level in the electronic ground state to one of the many vibrational levels in the electronic excited state, such as singlet states and triplet states.
  • FIG. 2 is a Jablonski Diagram illustrating processes that occur between the absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG. 3 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a thermochromic layer 2 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 4 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a reflective layer 3 and a thermochromic layer 2 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 5 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a theromchromic layer 2 and a protective layer 4 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 6 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a reflective layer 3 , a thermochromic layer 2 , and a protective layer 4 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 7 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby transfer technology is used to obtain the thermochromic object.
  • FIG. 8 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a reflective layer 3 , a first thermochromic layer 2 , a second thermochromic layer 5 , a first protective layer 4 , and second protective layer 6 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 9 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a reflective layer 3 , a first thermochromic layer 2 , a second thermochromic layer 5 , and a first protective layer 4 applied thereto.
  • FIG. 10 is a stylized depiction of an embodiment of the invention whereby a thermochromic object is created using a preformed article 1 with a reflective layer 3 , a first thermochromic layer 2 , a first protective layer 4 , and second protective layer 6 applied thereto.
  • thermochromic formulations As noted above, the present invention generally relates to thermochromic formulations, thermochromic objects comprising preformed articles onto which said thermochromic formulations have been applied, and to methods for creating said thermochromic objects.
  • Luminescence is defined as the emission of electromagnetic radiation from any substance. Luminescence occurs from electronically excited states. As seen in FIG. 1 , absorption of ultraviolet radiation by a molecule excites it from a vibrational level in the electronic ground state to one of the many vibrational levels in the electronic excited states. The electronic states of most organic molecules can be divided into singlet states and triplet states.
  • plasma state refers to when all electrons in the molecule are spin-paired.
  • triplet state refers to when one set of electron spins is unpaired.
  • the excited state is usually the first excited state. A molecule in a high vibrational level of the excited state will quickly fall to the lowest vibrational level of this state by losing energy to other molecules through collision. The molecule will also partition the excess energy to other possible modes of vibration and rotation.
  • Luminescent materials are those which emit electromagnetic radiation. Characterizing luminescent materials requires consideration of: (1) the excitation source, (2) the nature of the emission, and (3) whether or not additional stimulation is required to cause emission.
  • luminescent materials excited by electromagnetic radiation are referred to herein as “photoluminescent.”
  • Luminescent materials excited by electrical energy are referred to herein as “electroluminescent.”
  • Luminescent materials excited by a chemical reaction are referred to herein as “chemiluminescent.”
  • this may be either fluorescence or phosphorescence.
  • a “fluorescent” material stores electromagnetic radiation and releases it rapidly, in about 10 ⁇ 12 seconds or less.
  • a “phosphorescent” material stores electromagnetic radiation and releases it gradually, in about 10 ⁇ 8 seconds or more.
  • FIG. 2 Processes that occur between the absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation are usually illustrated using a Jablonski Diagram, such as the one found in FIG. 2 .
  • Ground, first, and second electronic states are depicted in FIG. 2 by S 0 , S 1 , and S 2 , respectively.
  • the fluorophores can exist in a number of vibrational energy levels, denoted by 0, 1, 2, etc. Transitions between states are depicted in FIG. 2 as vertical lines to illustrate the instantaneous nature of electromagnetic radiation absorption.
  • Fluorescence occurs when a molecule returns, by emission of a photon, from the excited singlet state to the electronic ground state. If the photon emission occurs between states of the same spin state, that is, from S 1 to S 0 , it is characterized as fluorescence.
  • Phosphorescence occurs when a molecule goes from the ground state to a metastable state such as T1, a triplet state, and then the metastable state slowly decays back to the ground state S 0 , via photon emission. Hence, if the spin states between initial and final energy levels are different, that is emission occurs between T 1 to S 0 , it is characterized as phosphorescence.
  • thermochromic is defined as characterizing a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering of electromagnetic radiation with a change in temperature to cause a change in the perceived color, wherein the color change may be from colorless to colored, or colored to colorless, or from one color to another.
  • Thermochromic materials are defined to mean materials that undergo a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering of electromagnetic radiation with a change in temperature to cause a change in the perceived color of the materials wherein the color change may be from colorless to colored, or colored to colorless, or from one color to another.
  • Thermochromic objects are defined to mean objects that undergo a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering with a change in temperature to cause a change in the perceived color of the object wherein the color change may be from colorless to colored, or colored to colorless or from one color to another.
  • “Negative thermochromism” is defined to describe a temperature-triggered color change resulting from a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering wherein the color change is from a colored state to a colorless state.
  • Pelsitive thermochromism is defined to describe a temperature-triggered color change resulting from a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering of electromagnetic radiation wherein the color change is from a colorless to colored state.
  • Nemism is defined to describe a temperature-triggered color change resulting from a change in absorption, reflection, and/or scattering of electromagnetic radiation wherein the color change is from one color to another color.
  • Liquid carrier medium is a liquid that acts as a carrier for materials distributed in a solid state and/or dissolved therein.
  • a “formulation” is a liquid carrier medium, as defined above, comprising at least one material either dissolved and/or distributed in a solid state within said liquid carrier medium.
  • a “dispersion” is a formulation, as defined above, wherein said material is a solid distributed in the liquid carrier medium.
  • thermochromic formulation is a formulation, as defined above, which additionally comprises thermochromic materials as defined above.
  • thermochromic layer is a film resulting from at least one thermochromic formulation that is substantially dry, as characterized by the residual liquid carrier medium being in the range of 1-5 weight % of the total weight of the film.
  • a “reflective formulation” is a formulation, as defined above, which comprises at least a polymeric resin in a liquid carrier medium, as defined above, and further comprises at least one colorant (white or non-white).
  • a “reflective layer” is a film resulting from at least one reflective formulation that is substantially dry, as characterized by the residual liquid carrier medium being in the range of 1-5 weight % of the total weight of the film.
  • a “white reflectance layer” is one that reflects 95% of visible electromagnetic radiation incident upon it.
  • a “protective formulation” is a formulation, as defined above, which comprises at least a polymeric resin selected for environmental or mechanical protection of the underlying article, upon application onto said article.
  • a “protective layer” is a film resulting from at least one protective formulation that is substantially dry, as characterized by the residual liquid carrier medium being in the range of 1-5 weight % of the total weight of the film.
  • a “stabilizing additive” is a material added to a formulation comprising solid particles or a dispersion to uniformly distribute, prevent agglomeration, and/or prevent settling of solid materials in said dispersion in said liquid carrier medium to result in an enhancement of luminous intensity.
  • Such stabilizing additives generally comprise dispersants and/or rheology modifiers.
  • a “preformed article” is any article onto which at least one layer may be applied.
  • a preformed article may be rigid or flexible.
  • visible electromagnetic radiation is characterized by electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the region of 400 nanometers (“nm”) to 700 nm.
  • FT Frm Transmissivity
  • Photolytic degradation is deterioration, degradation, or change in properties, such as observed color, that is initiated by electromagnetic radiation.
  • thermochromic materials that are formulated to be liquid mixtures with stabilizing additives comprising polymeric resin binders, dispersants, rheology modifiers, and wetting agents so as to be highly transmissive of visible electromagnetic radiation in the colorless thermochromic state upon application to any article.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of photoluminescent fluorescent pigment materials to render color or aid in rendering color upon triggering of thermochromic materials into a colorless state.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the luminescent fluorescent dye materials such that they exist as solid solutions in the polymeric resin matrix, thereby creating high ratio of emission per unit weight of material deployed for rendering color or aid in rendering color upon triggering of the thermochromic materials into a colorless state
  • the present invention also relates to the use of photostabilizers either singly or in combination or with a combined functionality in a single molecule to retard the photolytic degradation of said thermochromic and photoluminescent fluorescent materials cited above.
  • thermochromic objects comprising at least one thermochromic layer, wherein said thermochromic layer is highly transmissive of visible electromagnetic radiation and wherein the thermochromic materials have been triggered into a colorless state.
  • thermochromic objects comprising at least one thermochromic layer, as defined above, but which may additionally comprise photoluminescent fluorescent pigments, dyes, or both, as described above.
  • thermochromic objects comprising at least one thermochromic layer, as defined abov,e but which may additionally comprises photostabilizers, as described above
  • thermochromic object which comprises a thermochromic layer, as defined above, wherein the thermochromic layer functions as an optical switch to transition from either a colored state to a colorless state or from a colorless state to a colored state.
  • thermochromic object which comprises a reflective layer comprising polymeric resin and white or colored pigments, wherein the reflective layer is highly reflective of unabsorbed visible electromagnetic radiation and wherein such reflective layer is deployed in conjunction with a thermochromic layer.
  • thermochromic objects comprising a reflective layer, as defined above, and additionally comprising photoluminescent fluorescent pigments wherein the reflective layer is highly reflective of unabsorbed visible electromagnetic radiation.
  • thermochromic object comprising a reflective layer, as defined abov,e and additionally comprising photoluminescent fluorescent dyes wherein the photoluminescent fluorescent dye exists as a solid solution in polymeric matrix wherein the reflective layer is highly reflective of unabsorbed visible electromagnetic radiation.
  • thermochromicobject comprising a reflective layer as defined above which additionally comprises photostabilizers as defined above to retard the photolytic degradation of said thermochromic and photoluminescent fluorescent materials cited above
  • thermochromic object comprises at least one reflective layer and at least one thermochromic layer
  • the reflective layer is applied first, so that it is proximal to the preformed article.
  • the thermochromic layer is applied after the reflective layer, so that said thermochromic layer is distal to said preformed article. If transfer technology is used, it must be used such that the result is the same.
  • thermochromic object comprising at least one protective layer which comprises a polymeric resin and wherein the protective layer is deployed in conjunction with an thermochromic layer and wherein the protective layer provides physical protection to the thermochromic layer.
  • thermochromic object comprising at least one protective layer as defined above but which additionally comprises photostabilizers as described above.
  • thermochromic object comprises at least one thermochromic layer and at least one protective layer
  • the thermochromic layer is applied first, so that it is proximal to said preformed article.
  • the protective layer is applied after the thermochromic layer, so that said protective layer is distal to said preformed article. If transfer technology is used, it must be used such that the result is the same.
  • thermochromic object comprises at least one reflective layer, at least one thermochromic layer, and at least one protective layer
  • the reflective layer is applied first, so that it is proximal to said preformed article.
  • the thermochromic layer is applied next and then the protective layer is applied. Therefore, the reflective layer is proximal to the preformed article, the protective layer is distal to said preformed article, and said thermochromic layer is between said reflective layer and said protective layer. If transfer technology is used, it must be used such that the result is the same.
  • the present invention also relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one thermochromic layer.
  • the present invention also relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one reflective layer and one thermochromic layer.
  • the present invention also relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one thermochromic layer and at least one protective layer.
  • the present invention also relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one colorant layer and at least one thermochromic layer.
  • the present invention relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one reflective layer, at least one thermochromic layer and at least one protective layer.
  • the present invention relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one colorant layer, at least one thermochromic layer and at least one protective layer.
  • the present invention relates to the method of making a thermochromic object with at least one reflective layer, at least one colorant layer, at least one thermochromic layer and at least one protective layer.
  • New products have surprisingly been developed that address the problems associated with various compounds and their uses, including developing products which have color changing indicators based on thermochromic, fluroscent photochromic, phosphorescent photochromic compounds or a combination thereof and that are constructed from a variey of substrate materials such as PVC acrylics, urethanes polyester, nylon, etc.
  • the substrate or surface construction materials or components may be rigid or flexible.
  • a system construction has also been developed such that the visual impact of the color change is striking, the indicator indicia are robust, the applied images patterns or indicia are photolytically stable and the product is not only durable for the user but also environmentally stable.
  • These new products are also desirable and useful to consumers in many fields of use, including food products, entertainment, sports, transportation, weather protection, decorating, indoor and outdoor sanitation or a combination thereof.
  • a multilayer system construction or layered material has been designed so as to create a visually striking impact of the color change, to be durable with respect to scratches and abrasions and to have weatherometric robustness, such as photolytic stability and atmospheric stability for the indicator indicia or images.
  • One contemplated embodiment comprises a three functional layer structure with a base layer providing functionality for maximizing or that maximizes the desired visual impact of the color change of at least part of the layered material, a thermochromic layer providing functionality for triggering a state change that is, either colorless to colored, or colored to colorless, or from one color to another, and a protective layer that provides functionality for handling and weatherometric robustness for the underlying image.
  • the protective layer can also provide a visual enhancement function when desired by providing a reflective component or gloss for image viewing.
  • the base functional layer may produce the desired functionality either by a single or multiple layers of material, depending on the application and product.
  • the base layer may be constructed either by blending the final color dye or pigment before fabrication of the layered material, such as by extrusion or molding or formation of plastic, glass, paper etc., or by a coating application process such as gravure, flexo, roll or blade coating etc., or by printing application processes such as screen printing or pad printing etc.
  • a base layer construction would to apply a layer containing a dye or pigment material including one or more fluorescent dyes or pigments that will render a brilliant final color.
  • the thermochromic layer (applied on top of this layer) would generally function as an optical switch going from colored to colorless.
  • thermochromic layer having the appropriate dye or pigment for the desired visual impact.
  • Another application of a base layer construction is where the base layer contains just a white reflective pigment coating to maximze the color rendering of the thermochromic materials. In this type of application the thermochromic layer would go from either colorless to colored or from one color to another.
  • the base layer may also comprise multiple layers.
  • An example of a two layer base functional layer is contemplated when the base layer is being applied to a rigid or flexible plastic or other material containing a strong absorbing color different from the final color.
  • the base layer will consist of a hidden layer consisting of a white reflective pigment application followed by the layer rendering the final color such as that described above.
  • the base functional layer could become a three layer construction. In this case, one has to first create a desired oversized (oversized relative to final color image) contrast color image followed by a white reflective image followed by final color image application.
  • the base layer in addition to serving the function of enhancing the visual impact of the final color, will also serve as a platform for the additional layers and/or functional layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the components of the base layer with respect to the components of additional layers in order to avoid color bleeding, undesirable chemical reactions between layers of materials and deterioration of the desired visual impact of the layered materials.
  • the second layer applied on top of the base layer will contain the thermochromic layer.
  • the thermochromic layer may have one or more layers, where the layer or layers comprise at least one layer of envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks.
  • Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are those that change color or texture with a changing environment, such as heat, cold, rain, sunshine, UV rays, snow, dark, light or a combination thereof.
  • Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are contemplated to be those described herein earlier, conventional envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks, envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks that are yet to be developed or a combination thereof.
  • Envirochromic inks, dyes and pigments may be clear until triggered, opaque until triggered or a particular color until triggered. Once triggered by an environmental condition, the ink, dye or pigment will change—whether it changes from clear to opaque or colored, from opaque to clear or colored or from colored to opaque or clear.
  • Dispersing agents are surface-active substances of anionic, cationic, or neutral structure. These substances are added in a small amount, either directly to the solid or to the dispersion medium. Furthermore, it is known that even after complete deflocculation of the solid agglomerates into primary particles, re-agglomeration occurs after the dispersion process. In such a case, the effort expended to produce a dispersion is partially or completely negated.
  • amino- and amide-functional poly- and oligocopolymers based on polyamines and polycaprolactones are used for the dispersion of magnetic pigments.
  • European Patent No. 0 713 894 describes the use of amino-functional polylactones for coatings and printing inks.
  • amine-functional polyacrylates such as those disclosed in European Patent No. 0 311 157 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,980,602 are used for the stabilisation of organic and inorganic pigments.
  • Amine-functional polymers based on polyisocyanates constitute a further group. See, e.g., European Patent Nos. 0 159 678 and 0 438 836.
  • Suitable dispersing aids that minimize agglomeration require very low levels of energy are cited for example an acrylic acid-acrylamide polymer such as those cited in U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,816, incorporated herein by reference for all purposes, or salts of an amine functional compound and an acid such as those cited in U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,054, also incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
  • “Rheology Modifiers” are those substances which generally can build viscosity in liquid dispersion formulations, thereby retarding settling of pigment materials while at the same time significantly lowering viscosity upon application of shear, to enhance smooth applicability of such formulations onto articles.
  • materials such as colloidal silica or fumed silica and magnesium aluminum silicate clays, such as bentonite, not only as thixotropic modifiers to prevent sagging and running of luminescent formulation as it is applied to the object but also as suspending fillers, that is, for minimizing settling of dense pigment particles such as phosphor particles. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,077.
  • thermochromic layer The bigger disadvantage of their use in luminescent coatings such as the thermochromic layer is that they lead to turbidities and haze rather than transparent coatings. Moreover, handling dry pulverulent products which give rise to dusts in the course of processing is undesirable.
  • the present invention employs polymeric urea-urethanes in aprotic polar solvents as rheology modifiers.
  • This class of rheology modifiers can be used satisfactorily, that is without any scattering of electromagnetic radiation, and without any significant build up of viscosity. Thus, this class serves not only as rheology modifiers but also to minimize settling of the dense pigment particles. Examples of such urea-urethanes can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,617,468 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,870,024, incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
  • the resulting surface may not be smooth. Instead, the surface may be less structured, referred to as having a wavy surface or as having an orange peel-like surface. These surfaces may be finely structured, with a short wave, or coarsely structured, with a long wave.
  • the structure depends on the nature and composition of the coating compositions; for example, on whether these coating compositions comprise solvents or else are solvent-free, as in the case of powder coating materials.
  • these coating compositions comprise solvents or else are solvent-free, as in the case of powder coating materials.
  • powder coating materials it is absolutely necessary to add leveling agents, since without these leveling agents it is impossible to achieve a surface which is in any way smooth.
  • poly(meth)acrylates and polysiloxanes which may be used as leveling promoters for coatings.
  • the compounds generally comprise polydimethylsiloxanes, polymethylalkylsiloxanes, or else polyether- or polyester-modified polydimethyl- or polymethylalkylsiloxanes.
  • the products used possess in some cases molecular weights of up to 100,000.
  • the action of all these products is based on surface activity at the liquid/gas interface: owing to a certain incompatibility with the actual binder of the coating system, these products adopt an orientation to the interface. This incompatibility may be increased by raising the molecular weight of these polymers.
  • a disadvantage then, however, is that owing to this incompatibility there can be cases wherein the scattering of electromagnetic radiation or haze of the layer becomes high, thereby resulting in significant reduction in luminous intensity.
  • the present invention employs branched polymers comprising a free-radically or ionically polymerized base molecule into which monoethylenically unsaturated macromonomeric units have been incorporated by copolymerization. Examples of such polymers may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,710,127, incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
  • Deaerators are those substances which minimize entrained air.
  • Defoamers are those substances that allow easier dissipation of entrained air.
  • a significant amount of air entrainment can cause scattering of electromagnetic radiation and, hence, a reduction in luminous intensity.
  • thermochromic pigment in a binder of nitrocellulose and diluted with 2-methoxyethanol. This gave pigment solids of 40% of dry pigment to 60% Nitrocellulose binder. The solids were contained in a solvent mixture at 45% solids. This material was coated over plasticized PVC to give a dry coating thickness of 18 microns using a screen printing process.
  • the color of the thermochromic pigment at room temperature was selected so that it contrasted the color of the PVC.
  • the opacity of the thermochromic layer at room temperature masked the PVC layer below it. The thermochromic layer became translucent when heated through normal body contact to reveal the contrasting base color of the PVC underneath.
  • thermochromic pigment in 48% Nitrocellulose binder.
  • the pigment and binder were prepared in a solvent mixture containing Toluene, Hexane, and Hydrocarbon solvents at a solids content of 40%. This material was applied using a silk screen to give a dry coating thickness of 22 microns.
  • a yellow fluorescent pigment was dispersed in 2-methoxyethanol at 50% solids using the wetting agent TegoWet 550. This dispersion was added to an acrylic binder (NeoCryl B-735) to give solids of 20% in 2-methoxyethanol.
  • the ink was then applied to plasticized PVC using a screen print to achieve a 15 micron thickness, which provided for an image that contrasted the base color of the PVC. Over this was applied the formulation from Example 2 at a thickness of 26 microns.
  • the color of the thermochromic layer at room temperature contrasted with the fluorescent layer below it. In this case, the thermochromic layer was dark blue compared to the fluorescent yellow of the layer below the thermochromic layer.
  • the opacity of the thermochromic layer masked the fluorescent layer below it. The image was such that when warmed, the thermochromic pigment became translucent and revealed the fluorescent layer printed underneath.
  • Thermochromic pigment was mixed with 10% 2-methoxyethanol and then dispersed in plastisol to give a pigment concentration of 40% in the final mixture. This was then applied over a polyester fabric using a applicator to give a 1 mil ending thickness.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
US11/311,289 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same Abandoned US20060159925A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/311,289 US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63753504P 2004-12-20 2004-12-20
US11/311,289 US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060159925A1 true US20060159925A1 (en) 2006-07-20

Family

ID=36602251

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/311,289 Abandoned US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
US11/793,376 Expired - Fee Related US8163201B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US11/311,290 Abandoned US20060172135A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof
US12/874,441 Abandoned US20110012062A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2010-09-02 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,843 Active US8287757B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-03 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,850 Active US8282858B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,854 Active US8293136B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/523,923 Active - Reinstated US8409662B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2012-06-15 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same

Family Applications After (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/793,376 Expired - Fee Related US8163201B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US11/311,290 Abandoned US20060172135A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof
US12/874,441 Abandoned US20110012062A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2010-09-02 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,843 Active US8287757B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-03 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,850 Active US8282858B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,854 Active US8293136B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/523,923 Active - Reinstated US8409662B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2012-06-15 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (8) US20060159925A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1833943A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008524401A (fr)
AU (1) AU2005319365B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2591803A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007007445A (fr)
SG (1) SG159492A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006069028A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120080615A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Performance Indicator, Llc. Photolytically and environmentally stable multilayer structure for high efficiency electromagentic energy conversion and sustained secondary emission
CN110791190A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-02-14 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 水性自发光弹性涂料及其制备方法和应用

Families Citing this family (253)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110140002A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2011-06-16 Performance Indicator, Llc Photoluminescent Compositions, Methods of Manufacture and Novel Uses
US7910022B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2011-03-22 Performance Indicator, Llc Phosphorescent compositions for identification
US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2006-07-20 Satish Agrawal High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
US8092866B2 (en) * 2005-03-22 2012-01-10 World Wide Lines, Inc. Thermochromatic pigment covered article and method of making the same
WO2006119561A1 (fr) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Suivi haute resolution de materiaux utilises dans des processus industriels en incorporant sous forme de traces des marqueurs luminescents
US7547894B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2009-06-16 Performance Indicator, L.L.C. Phosphorescent compositions and methods for identification using the same
JP5428147B2 (ja) * 2006-12-07 2014-02-26 三菱化学株式会社 有機蛍光体材料
US7684997B2 (en) * 2006-12-27 2010-03-23 Pitney Bowes Inc. Machine readable colored envelopes
US8029190B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2011-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and articles for sensing relative temperature
US20090060165A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Pradeep Kumar Dani Method and System for Customer Transaction Request Routing
FR2933100B1 (fr) 2008-06-25 2010-08-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispersions de particules d'oxydes de terres rares luminescents, vernis comprenant ces particules, leurs procedes de preparation et procede de marquage de substrats.
WO2010068425A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-17 David Postma Peintures luminescentes et procédés pour leur fabrication
US8523645B2 (en) * 2009-03-25 2013-09-03 Nike, Inc. Golf club head and head cover combination providing enhanced functionality
WO2010114810A1 (fr) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 David Postma Peintures luminescentes et leurs procédés de fabrication
US7960688B2 (en) 2009-06-18 2011-06-14 Performance Indicator Llc Photoluminescent markings with functional overlayers
WO2011053412A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Defense Holdings, Inc. Procédé d'éclairage d'une boussole magnétique ou d'un autre type d'indice dans des situations de faible lumière à l'aide de matériaux photoluminescents
JP5712550B2 (ja) * 2010-10-12 2015-05-07 日立化成株式会社 球状蛍光体、波長変換型太陽電池封止材、太陽電池モジュール及びこれらの製造方法
US8664624B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2014-03-04 Performance Indicator Llc Illumination delivery system for generating sustained secondary emission
TWI494639B (zh) * 2010-12-08 2015-08-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 變色迷彩顯示結構
US8506843B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-08-13 General Electric Company White emitting persistent phosphor
US8404153B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-03-26 General Electric Company White persistent phosphor blend or layered structure
US9696011B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2017-07-04 Once Innovations, Inc. Extended persistence and reduced flicker light sources
US20130286461A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Pleotint, L.L.C. Synergistic reversible chromism
WO2013173451A2 (fr) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Krook Justin Compositions photoluminescentes et utilisations desdites compositions
US8952341B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2015-02-10 Performance Indictor, LLC Low rare earth mineral photoluminescent compositions and structures for generating long-persistent luminescence
US9057021B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2015-06-16 Performance Indicator, Llc Photoluminescent objects
US20140072738A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Throw Glow, LLC Sporting equipment covering
US9868863B1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2018-01-16 Swift IP, LLC Compositions having slip resistance and luminous properties
US9121557B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-01 Jianqiao YANG Lamp having multi-functional support
MX2015016438A (es) * 2013-05-28 2016-03-01 Procter & Gamble Composiciones que comprenden tintes fotocromicos para el tratamiento de superficies.
EP2813295A1 (fr) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-17 Stanley Works (Europe) GmbH Outil à main ayant un revêtement en PVC fluorescent
US9539941B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cupholder illumination
US9821708B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated exterior strip
US9797575B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light-producing assembly for a vehicle
US9625115B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle graphics
US9764686B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-09-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light-producing assembly for a vehicle
US9694743B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-07-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dual purpose lighting assembly
US9469244B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent vehicle seal
US9481297B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated steering assembly
US9457712B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle sun visor providing luminescent lighting
US10041650B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated instrument panel storage compartment
US9771019B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-09-26 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Photoluminescent vehicle illumination
US9782504B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-10 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Self-disinfecting surface with printed LEDs for a surface of a vehicle
US9586518B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent grille bar assembly
US9499092B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating molding for a vehicle
US9487128B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating running board
US9688186B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating decal for a vehicle
US9961745B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-05-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED rylene dye welcome/farewell lighting
US9950658B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-04-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Privacy window system
US9573516B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Rear vehicle lighting system
US9499096B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle reading lamp
US9538874B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cupholder illumination
US9583968B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent disinfecting and charging bin
US9464886B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent hitch angle detection component
US9463737B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated seatbelt assembly
US9493113B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cargo area illumination
US10363867B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2019-07-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED trim panel lamp
US9539939B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent logo for vehicle trim and fabric
US9969323B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-05-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting system employing a light strip
US9989216B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-06-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior exterior moving designs
US9464776B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system with illuminating exhaust
US9487136B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method to locate vehicle equipment
US9539940B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated indicator
US9492575B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Color changing and disinfecting surfaces
US9839098B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-12-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light assembly operable as a dome lamp
US9487127B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle step lamp
US9463738B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Seatbelt lighting system
US9613549B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-04-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating badge for a vehicle
US9487135B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dome light assembly
US9533613B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent fuel filler door
US9586523B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9682651B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting system with improved substrate
US9682649B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-20 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Photoluminescent winch apparatus
US9499113B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent grille bar assembly
US10064256B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for remote activation of vehicle lighting
US9868387B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-01-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent printed LED molding
US9688192B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle having interior and exterior lighting on tailgate
US9463734B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated seatbelt assembly
US9527438B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-12-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent blind spot warning indicator
US9849831B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED storage compartment
US9463736B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated steering assembly
US9487126B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent puddle lamp
US9796304B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle floor lighting system having a pivotable base with light-producing assembly coupled to base
US9440579B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-09-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent step handle
US9464887B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated hitch angle detection component
US9464803B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated speaker
US9598632B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for depositing photoluminescent material
US9810401B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent trim light assembly
US9931991B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-04-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Rotating garment hook
US9499090B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Spoiler using photoluminescent illumination
US9905743B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED heat sink double lock
US9587800B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent vehicle molding
US9463739B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Sun visor with photoluminescent structure
US9649877B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-05-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system with illuminating wheel assembly
US9495040B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Selectively visible user interface
US9902320B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent color changing dome map lamp
US9809160B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate illumination system
US10400978B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent lighting apparatus for vehicles
US9796325B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exterior light system for a vehicle
US9573517B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Door illumination and warning system
US9789810B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle panel
US9283819B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2016-03-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel assembly external illumination lamp
US9642223B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2017-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel assembly illumination lamp
KR20150109854A (ko) * 2014-03-21 2015-10-02 동우 화인켐 주식회사 광 루미네선스 코팅 조성물 및 이를 이용한 광 루미네선스 필름
JP6418945B2 (ja) * 2014-12-26 2018-11-07 住友ゴム工業株式会社 ゴルフボール
JP5935869B2 (ja) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-15 日立化成株式会社 球状蛍光体の製造方法、波長変換型太陽電池封止材の製造方法、及び太陽電池モジュールの製造方法
CN107532028B (zh) * 2015-07-17 2021-02-12 惠普深蓝有限责任公司 静电油墨组合物
US10168039B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2019-01-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US9663967B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2017-05-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated latch system
US10253559B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2019-04-09 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US9463735B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle visor assembly with illuminating check assembly
US9694739B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-07-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Disinfecting handle
US9889791B2 (en) 2015-12-01 2018-02-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US10023100B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated trim assembly
US20170174124A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle panel
HUE055184T2 (hu) * 2015-12-17 2021-12-28 Sicpa Holding Sa Biztonsági elem, amely legalább két, részben egymást átfedõ területen lévõ anyagot tartalmaz, a biztonsági elemet tartalmazó tárgy, és hitelesítési eljárás
US9500333B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Phosphorescent lighting assembly
US10235911B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-03-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating badge for a vehicle
US10300843B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-05-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10501007B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel port illumination device
US9855799B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel level indicator
US10011219B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-07-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge
US9927114B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2018-03-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination apparatus utilizing conductive polymers
US9517723B1 (en) 2016-01-21 2016-12-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated tie-down cleat
US9586519B1 (en) 2016-01-27 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle rear illumination
US9623797B1 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lift gate lamp
US9499094B1 (en) 2016-02-08 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable running board with long-persistence phosphor lighting
US9499093B1 (en) 2016-02-08 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable running board with long-persistance phosphor lighting
US10189401B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2019-01-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light strip with optical element
CN107068004A (zh) 2016-02-10 2017-08-18 福特环球技术公司 车辆徽章
US9664354B1 (en) 2016-02-11 2017-05-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination assembly
US9656598B1 (en) 2016-02-23 2017-05-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9751458B1 (en) 2016-02-26 2017-09-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination system
US10501025B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9688189B1 (en) 2016-03-09 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated license plate
US10118568B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge having discretely illuminated portions
DE102017102905A1 (de) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lumineszierende Grilllamelleneinrichtung
US9688190B1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc License plate illumination system
US9963001B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2018-05-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel illumination assembly using photoluminescent material
US10081296B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2018-09-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated exterior strip with photoluminescent structure and retroreflective layer
US9902315B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent lighting apparatus for vehicles
US9714749B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2017-07-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle grille assembly
US9758088B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2017-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Auxiliary lighting roof rack
US9738219B1 (en) 2016-05-11 2017-08-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle trim
US9688215B1 (en) 2016-05-11 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Iridescent vehicle applique
US10420189B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2019-09-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US10064259B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle badge
US9821710B1 (en) 2016-05-12 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lighting apparatus for vehicle decklid
US10631373B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-04-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Heated windshield indicator
US9821717B1 (en) 2016-05-18 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Box step with release button that illuminates
US9586527B1 (en) 2016-05-18 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Wheel well step assembly of vehicle
US9994144B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2018-06-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated automotive glazings
US9896020B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2018-02-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9925917B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2018-03-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Concealed lighting for vehicles
US9937855B2 (en) 2016-06-02 2018-04-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Automotive window glazings
US9803822B1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-10-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10343622B2 (en) 2016-06-09 2019-07-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior and exterior iridescent vehicle appliques
US10205338B2 (en) 2016-06-13 2019-02-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle charging assembly
US9604567B1 (en) 2016-06-15 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent trailer hitch plug
US10131237B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2018-11-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle charging system
US9855888B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle appliques
US9840191B1 (en) 2016-07-12 2017-12-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US9855797B1 (en) 2016-07-13 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated system for a vehicle
US9889801B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2018-02-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9573518B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Floor console IR bin light
US9840193B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-12-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9604569B1 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Window lighting system of a vehicle
GB201613415D0 (en) * 2016-08-03 2016-09-14 Saf-T-Glo Ltd Markers
US9587967B1 (en) 2016-08-04 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle container illumination
US9573519B1 (en) 2016-08-08 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Engine compartment lighting to moving parts
US9845047B1 (en) 2016-08-08 2017-12-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light system
US9573520B1 (en) 2016-08-09 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent console storage bin
US9827903B1 (en) 2016-08-18 2017-11-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated trim panel
US9616823B1 (en) 2016-08-22 2017-04-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US10173604B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2019-01-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle console
US10047911B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent emission system
US10047659B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent engine indicium
US9604568B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10308175B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2019-06-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination apparatus for vehicle accessory
US10075013B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2018-09-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle apparatus for charging photoluminescent utilities
US10065555B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2018-09-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Directional approach lighting
US10043396B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2018-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Passenger pickup system and method using autonomous shuttle vehicle
US20180086255A1 (en) 2016-09-28 2018-03-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated trim
US9863171B1 (en) 2016-09-28 2018-01-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle compartment
US9593820B1 (en) 2016-09-28 2017-03-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination system
US10046688B2 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle containing sales bins
US10137829B2 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Smart drop off lighting system
US9914390B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2018-03-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle shade assembly
US9707887B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2017-07-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle mirror assembly
US10086700B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2018-10-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated switch
US9802534B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2017-10-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle compartment
US20180118101A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated trim
US10035473B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2018-07-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle trim components
US9902314B1 (en) 2016-11-17 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US9994089B1 (en) 2016-11-29 2018-06-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle curtain
US10220784B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2019-03-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent windshield display
US10106074B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-10-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp system
US10118538B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated rack
US10422501B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-09-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US10144365B2 (en) 2017-01-10 2018-12-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9815402B1 (en) 2017-01-16 2017-11-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate and cargo box illumination
US10173582B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2019-01-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light system
US10053006B1 (en) 2017-01-31 2018-08-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated assembly
US9849830B1 (en) 2017-02-01 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate illumination
US9896023B1 (en) 2017-02-09 2018-02-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle rear lighting assembly
US10427593B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2019-10-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
WO2018157139A1 (fr) 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Dispositifs chromogènes pour récolte d'énergie
DE202017101205U1 (de) 2017-03-02 2017-03-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Beleuchtungssystem für ein Kennzeichen
US9849829B1 (en) 2017-03-02 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US9758090B1 (en) 2017-03-03 2017-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior side marker
US10240737B2 (en) 2017-03-06 2019-03-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10150396B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2018-12-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle cup holder assembly with photoluminescent accessory for increasing the number of available cup holders
US10399483B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10195985B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2019-02-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10611298B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-04-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated cargo carrier
US10166913B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2019-01-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Side marker illumination
US10465879B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2019-11-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicular light assemblies with LED-excited photoluminescent lightguide
US10483678B2 (en) 2017-03-29 2019-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle electrical connector
US10569696B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2020-02-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated airflow control device
US10023110B1 (en) 2017-04-21 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge sensor assembly
WO2018209104A1 (fr) 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Dispositifs contenant un film de nanotubes de carbone multicouches
US10399486B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle door removal and storage
US10035463B1 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-07-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Door retention system
US20180326899A1 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated hinge assembly
US9963066B1 (en) 2017-05-15 2018-05-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle running board that provides light excitation
US20180336786A1 (en) 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Collision avoidance method and system
US10059238B1 (en) 2017-05-30 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle seating assembly
US10871405B2 (en) * 2017-05-30 2020-12-22 The Boeing Company Indicator device and method
US10144337B1 (en) 2017-06-02 2018-12-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10493904B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2019-12-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10502690B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Indicator system for vehicle wear components
US10137831B1 (en) 2017-07-19 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle seal assembly
US10160405B1 (en) 2017-08-22 2018-12-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle decal assembly
US10186177B1 (en) 2017-09-13 2019-01-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle windshield lighting assembly
US10137825B1 (en) 2017-10-02 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10391943B2 (en) 2017-10-09 2019-08-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10207636B1 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-02-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Seatbelt stowage assembly
US10179542B1 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-01-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle climate status indicator
US10189414B1 (en) 2017-10-26 2019-01-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle storage assembly
CN108070306B (zh) * 2017-12-20 2020-04-21 成都斯特斯科技有限公司 一种激光隐身涂料及其制备方法
US10723258B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2020-07-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10723257B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2020-07-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Multi-color luminescent grille for a vehicle
US10281113B1 (en) 2018-03-05 2019-05-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle grille
US10627092B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2020-04-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle grille assembly
US10703263B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2020-07-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10457196B1 (en) 2018-04-11 2019-10-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10778223B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-09-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Hidden switch assembly
CA3004436C (fr) 2018-05-09 2021-06-01 Paige Whitehead Baguette lumineuse biodegradable
US10576893B1 (en) 2018-10-08 2020-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10720551B1 (en) 2019-01-03 2020-07-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamps
US10576879B1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable illuminated running board
CN110938403B (zh) * 2019-12-02 2021-08-17 武汉市科达云石护理材料有限公司 一种荧光防滑胶及其制备方法
NL2028298B1 (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-12-08 Renewaball B V Recyclable product and method of recycling a mixed waste stream comprising said product

Citations (98)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787558A (en) * 1955-01-27 1957-04-02 Firth Carpet Company Inc Process of producing phosphorescent yarn
US3022189A (en) * 1961-01-19 1962-02-20 Du Pont Daylight fluorescent coated fabric
US3508810A (en) * 1967-07-19 1970-04-28 Vari Light Corp Photochromic systems
US3560211A (en) * 1967-09-22 1971-02-02 Horizons Research Inc Light sensitive leuco dye systems containing no molecular oxygen therein
US3562172A (en) * 1968-10-28 1971-02-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound and composition containing the same
US3578602A (en) * 1967-08-30 1971-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound
US3650812A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-03-21 Ford Motor Co Acrylic-siloxane resin paint and painted article
US3654190A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-04 Us Navy Fire retardant intumescent paint
US3666352A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-05-30 Charles A Wagner Rate controlled photochromic lenses of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer containing a mercury thiocarbazone compound
US3668189A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-06-06 Allied Chem Fluorescent polycarbonamides
US3714181A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-01-30 American Cyanamid Co 2-aryl-5,10-diphenylphenanthro(9,10-d)azoles
US3738299A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-06-12 M Packler Emblems which will glow in the dark and the method of making them
US3873390A (en) * 1972-09-27 1975-03-25 Richard K Cornell Phosphorescent, fluorescent and reflective coated sheets or films and compositions and method for making the same
US3884697A (en) * 1969-03-31 1975-05-20 Eiichi Inoue Photographic process utilizing spiropyran compound dispersed in nitrocellulose films with high nitrogen content
US3936970A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-02-10 Hodges John A Fishing lure and method of fishing
US3957678A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a luminescent sulfide
US4025661A (en) * 1972-11-13 1977-05-24 Rca Corporation Method of making viewing-screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US4028118A (en) * 1972-05-30 1977-06-07 Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic materials
US4188449A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Phosphorescent screens
US4208300A (en) * 1973-07-11 1980-06-17 Gravisse Philippe E Photoluminescent materials and method of manufacturing same
US4268134A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-05-19 Corning Glass Works Lightweight laminated photochromic lenses
US4375373A (en) * 1978-12-29 1983-03-01 Toro Ganryo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of coating inorganic pigments (ultramarine and bronze powder) with dense amorphous silica
US4379100A (en) * 1981-02-02 1983-04-05 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Polyurethane molding process with siloxane internal release agent
US4425161A (en) * 1980-11-27 1984-01-10 Yutaka Shibahashi Thermochromic materials
US4425377A (en) * 1981-07-22 1984-01-10 Rca Corporation Method of making a cathode-ray tube having a conductive internal coating exhibiting reduced arcing current
US4440672A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4451504A (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-05-29 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Process for applying phosphor to the aperture mask of a cathode ray tube
US4567019A (en) * 1977-05-11 1986-01-28 Graphic Controls Corporation Color reversing compositions
US4637698A (en) * 1983-11-04 1987-01-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US4663214A (en) * 1985-01-04 1987-05-05 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4717770A (en) * 1986-02-27 1988-01-05 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for producing epsilon-caprolactam
US4717710A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-01-05 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co. Ltd. Thermochromic composition
US4720356A (en) * 1982-03-22 1988-01-19 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4729907A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-03-08 Rca Corporation Method of making a viewing screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US4734295A (en) * 1985-01-07 1988-03-29 Liu P Dong Guang Glare control
US4818096A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-04-04 The Plessey Company Plc Photoreactive lenses with adamantane spiro compounds
US4826977A (en) * 1986-05-15 1989-05-02 The Plessey Company Plc Photochromic spiropyran compounds
US4826550A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-05-02 Matui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparing molded product of thermochromic polyvinyl chloride
US4830875A (en) * 1985-10-10 1989-05-16 Quantex Corporation Photoluminescent materials and associated process and infrared sensing device
US4898895A (en) * 1986-12-30 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Co., Ltd. Antifouling pain having a polyacrylate component with pendent silyl or siloxane groups
US4910252A (en) * 1986-07-07 1990-03-20 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Siloxane polymer antifouling paint composition containing polysiloxanes
US4913544A (en) * 1986-05-01 1990-04-03 Pilkington Plc Photochromic articles
US4921727A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-05-01 Rca Licensing Corporation Surface treatment of silica-coated phosphor particles and method for a CRT screen
US4927180A (en) * 1986-08-22 1990-05-22 Plessey Overseas Limited Marking of articles with photochromic compounds
US5007647A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-04-16 Sports Glow, Inc. Golf ball and method of making same
US5023015A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Method of phosphor preparation
US5176905A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-01-05 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Photochromic flesh-colored pigment and process for producing the same
US5185390A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5219625A (en) * 1991-07-09 1993-06-15 The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic laminate member and toy utilizing the same
US5221288A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-06-22 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Thermochromic dyeing method and cellulose product dyed thereby
US5223330A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-06-29 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article and process for making the same
US5292549A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-03-08 Armco Inc. Metallic coated steel having a siloxane film providing temporary corrosion protection and method therefor
US5294375A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-03-15 Polaroid Corporation Thermochromic materials
US5321069A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-14 Afterglow Accent Yarns, Inc. Process for producing phosphorescent yarn and yarn produced by the process
US5378897A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-01-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image storage panel
US5387458A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-02-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Articles exhibiting durable fluorescence with an ultraviolet screening layer
US5389093A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-02-14 Howell; Wesley A. Wetness indicating diaper
US5391327A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-02-21 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US5395673A (en) * 1992-04-23 1995-03-07 Hunt; Gary B. Non-slip surface
US5424006A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-06-13 Nemoto & Co., Ltd. Phosphorescent phosphor
US5427415A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-06-27 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat sensitive system and use thereof
US5480482A (en) * 1991-11-04 1996-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reversible thermochromic pigments
US5490344A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-02-13 Bussiere; Robert A. Glow-in-the-dark material for fishing accessories
US5605734A (en) * 1989-11-02 1997-02-25 Basf Corporation Phosphorescent directional signals and manufacturing method
US5607621A (en) * 1994-12-28 1997-03-04 Ykk Corporation Phosphorescent synthetic resin material method for production thereof, and formed article
US5618063A (en) * 1992-12-09 1997-04-08 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Multicolor heat-sensitive verification and highlighting system
US5630869A (en) * 1988-01-12 1997-05-20 Sicipa Holding S.A. Reversibly photochromic printing inks
US5708184A (en) * 1995-07-31 1998-01-13 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of substituted aminocarbonyltriazolinones
US5717282A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-02-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device comprising a display screen having a light-absorbing coating
US5716723A (en) * 1996-03-07 1998-02-10 Van Cleef; James Gresham Glow in the dark shoe sole
US5728758A (en) * 1993-12-13 1998-03-17 Transitions Optical, Inc. Coating composition and articles having a cured coating
US5730961A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-03-24 Goudjil; Kamal Metamorphic nail polish
US5731658A (en) * 1994-11-30 1998-03-24 Honeywell Inc. Ultraviolet binder for phosphor fluorescent light box
US5744233A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-04-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of coating luminescent powders, luminescent powders and coated object
US5753146A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-05-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of neutral color
US5770115A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-06-23 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US6027810A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-02-22 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Radiographic intensifying screen with antistat
US6046455A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-04 Segan Industries Integrating ultraviolet exposure detection devices
US6048347A (en) * 1995-11-01 2000-04-11 Micro Medical Devices, Inc. Lens storage and folding apparatus
US6060428A (en) * 1992-12-09 2000-05-09 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat-sensitive chromogenic system
US6177487B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 2001-01-23 Basf Coatings Ag Aqueous powder paint dispersions
US6196241B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-03-06 Denise Doolan Color changing umbrella
US6201057B1 (en) * 1998-02-23 2001-03-13 Therma-Tru Corporation Weatherable coating and stain system for thermoset or thermoplastic composite surfaces
US6207077B1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-03-27 Orion 21 A.D. Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US6344233B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2002-02-05 Institute For Radiological Image Sciences, Inc. Method of producing a phosphor screen
US6359048B1 (en) * 1999-06-05 2002-03-19 Van Duynhoven Debra May Tintable luminescent paint
US6358160B1 (en) * 1997-10-03 2002-03-19 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US6375864B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2002-04-23 M.A. Hannacolor, A Division Of M.A. Hanna Company Daylight/nightglow colored phosphorescent plastic compositions and articles
US6391492B1 (en) * 1992-04-05 2002-05-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery
US6508732B1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-21 Mildred Kinghorn Romberger Tennis ball
US6514594B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-02-04 Avery Dennison Corporation Fluorescent polymeric articles having screening layer formed from U.V. light absorbing polymer
US6553696B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2003-04-29 Robert Foster, Sr. Flourescent drink rim
US20040009833A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Ja-Ru, Inc. Glow-in-the-dark wrist toy
US6710127B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-23 Byk- Chemie Gmbh Levelling agents for surface coatings
US6861467B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-01 Okitsumo Incorporated Powder coating composition
US6870024B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2005-03-22 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Polymeric urea-urethane rheology control agents and a process for their preparation
US6894124B2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2005-05-17 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. High solid paint compositions
US7033712B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-04-25 Thomson Licensing Method of manufacturing a color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)

Family Cites Families (185)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2522704A (en) 1939-12-08 1950-09-19 Laval Jacques Hjaimar De Method and apparatus to treat material in form of pieces or powder with gases
US2527365A (en) 1945-05-22 1950-10-24 Rca Corp Doubly activated infrared phosphors
US3212898A (en) 1962-11-21 1965-10-19 American Cyanamid Co Photosensitive compositions of matter comprising photochromic materials suspended in polyester binders
US3522143A (en) 1966-08-18 1970-07-28 Libbey Owens Ford Co Phototropic units
US3595804A (en) 1968-10-30 1971-07-27 Rca Corp Method for preparing zinc and zinccadmium sulfide phosphors
US3627690A (en) 1969-10-01 1971-12-14 Itek Corp Photochromic naphthopyran compositions
US3912677A (en) 1970-05-14 1975-10-14 Ici Australia Ltd Compounds
JPS551195B2 (fr) 1972-09-27 1980-01-12
US4210953A (en) 1973-12-13 1980-07-01 Stone Wilfred S Self-illuminated case
GB1511053A (en) 1974-04-11 1978-05-17 Raychem Corp Polymeric material having a thermochromic coating
US3980602A (en) 1975-02-28 1976-09-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Acrylic polymer dispersant for aqueous acrylic coating compositions
US4121011A (en) 1975-11-28 1978-10-17 Raychem Corporation Polymeric article coated with a thermochromic paint
FR2384836A1 (fr) 1977-03-25 1978-10-20 Bric Textiles photoluminescents par enduction
US4130760A (en) 1977-06-29 1978-12-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Reusable radiation monitor
GB2026502B (en) 1978-04-28 1983-03-30 Canon Kk Image-holding member for electrostatic or toner images
US4215010A (en) 1978-09-08 1980-07-29 American Optical Corporation Photochromic compounds
US4342668A (en) 1978-09-08 1982-08-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic compounds
JPS5937037B2 (ja) 1978-11-09 1984-09-07 株式会社東芝 螢光体の製造方法
US4286957A (en) 1979-01-10 1981-09-01 Essilor International "Cie Generale D'optique" Process of integrating a photochromic substance into an ophthalmic lens and a photochromic lens of organic material
US4304833A (en) 1979-12-26 1981-12-08 Polaroid Corporation Photographic products and processes employing triarylmethane compounds
US4289497A (en) 1980-09-02 1981-09-15 American Optical Corporation Gradient photochromic lens and method selectively reducing photochromic activity
JPS57167380A (en) 1981-04-08 1982-10-15 Pilot Ink Co Ltd Thermochromic material
JPS59155800A (ja) 1983-02-24 1984-09-04 富士写真フイルム株式会社 蓄積性蛍光体シ−ト
JPS6032234A (ja) 1983-08-03 1985-02-19 Hitachi Ltd 陰極線管のフィルミング膜形成法
US4699473A (en) 1983-08-08 1987-10-13 American Optical Corporation Trifluoromethyl substituted spirooxazine photochromic dyes
US4623579A (en) 1983-10-04 1986-11-18 Multi-Tex Products Corp. Yarn product with combined fluorescent-phosphorescent appearance and method
GB8402801D0 (en) 1984-02-02 1984-03-07 Ici Plc Dispersion
JPH0753665B2 (ja) 1984-04-20 1995-06-07 財団法人癌研究会 抗転移剤
US4857228A (en) 1984-04-24 1989-08-15 Sunstone Inc. Phosphors and methods of preparing the same
US4602263A (en) 1984-09-04 1986-07-22 Polaroid Corporation Thermal imaging method
CA1240883A (fr) 1985-01-30 1988-08-23 Norikazu Nakasuji Materiau textile thermochrome
US4640797A (en) 1985-06-11 1987-02-03 Jones And Vining, Incorporated Phosphorescent polymer-containing compositions and articles made therefrom
US4629583A (en) 1985-06-11 1986-12-16 Jones And Vining, Incorporated Phosphorescent polymer-containing compositions and articles made therefrom
US4880667A (en) 1985-09-24 1989-11-14 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic plastic article and method for preparing same
US4695336A (en) 1985-10-11 1987-09-22 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4884860A (en) 1986-02-05 1989-12-05 Brown David C Linear lens and method for concentrating radiant energy and multiplying phosphor luminance output intensity
US4698296A (en) 1986-03-14 1987-10-06 Gaf Corporation Processless color imaging and film therefor
US4835475A (en) * 1986-11-17 1989-05-30 Niichi Hanakura Battery tester including a thermochromic material
NL8702089A (nl) 1987-09-04 1989-04-03 Efka Chemicals Bv Dispergeermiddel.
ATE95094T1 (de) 1987-04-09 1993-10-15 Ceramics Process Systems Komplexe keramische und metallische formkoerper durch niederdruck-formgebung und trocknen durch sublimation.
US4781647A (en) 1987-05-04 1988-11-01 Hasbro, Inc. Toy doll construction with phosphorescent hair fibers
US4759453A (en) 1987-06-26 1988-07-26 Paetzold James M Luminescent baby bottle
US4942213A (en) 1987-12-04 1990-07-17 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Addition compounds useful as dispersing agents and dispersion stabilizers, process for producing them, their use and solids coated therewith
US5807625A (en) 1988-01-12 1998-09-15 Sicpa Holding S.A. Security document with reversibly photochromic printing inks
DE68916070T2 (de) 1988-03-16 1994-10-13 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Phosphorpastenzusammensetzungen und damit erhaltene Überzüge.
JPH01249436A (ja) 1988-03-31 1989-10-04 Toray Ind Inc 透明導電性フィルムおよびその製造方法
US5435994A (en) 1988-08-23 1995-07-25 Ultraset Limited Partnership Quick-drying nail coating method and composition
US4943896A (en) 1988-11-21 1990-07-24 Tony Johnson Production of improved infant care articles
US5081171A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-01-14 Nixon Charles R Composition for sealing of painted or metal surfaces
DE3930687A1 (de) 1989-09-14 1991-04-11 Byk Chemie Gmbh Phosphorsaeureester, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung als dispergiermittel
JPH03143180A (ja) 1989-10-30 1991-06-18 Pioneer Electron Corp 有機蛍光体スクリーン
CA2032992C (fr) 1989-12-29 2001-04-10 Peter H. Quednau Agents de dispersion et procede de preparation connexe
US5066818A (en) 1990-03-07 1991-11-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compounds
JPH03261596A (ja) 1990-03-10 1991-11-21 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd カード及びカード識別方法
US5260252A (en) 1990-07-24 1993-11-09 Nashua Corporation Thermal latent image material and method of producing and developing the same
US5164127A (en) * 1990-10-02 1992-11-17 Cook Composites And Polymers Co. Method of preparing molded coatings for gel coated composites
US5149568A (en) 1990-11-19 1992-09-22 Beck Michael P Glow in the dark artwork
US5135591A (en) 1990-11-28 1992-08-04 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Process of making a phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article
US5409797A (en) 1991-03-04 1995-04-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Heat-sensitive recording material for laser recording
US6312782B1 (en) 1991-03-18 2001-11-06 Rochelle L. Goldberg Discreet shaped colored polymeric objects in a transparent or translucent matrix
US5352649A (en) 1991-07-04 1994-10-04 The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic laminate member, and composition and sheet for producing the same
JP2618596B2 (ja) 1991-07-08 1997-06-11 ローン−プーラン・ロレ・ソシエテ・アノニム タキサン類の誘導体を基とする新規組成物
US5248916A (en) 1991-10-02 1993-09-28 Zenith Electronics Corporation Chlorinated silane and alkoxysilane coatings for cathode ray tubes
US5132043A (en) 1991-12-24 1992-07-21 Gte Products Corporation Method of preparing small particle size borate phosphor
US5916541A (en) 1992-06-25 1999-06-29 Stewart; Ernest G. Water resistant sunscreen and insect repellent composition
GB9225346D0 (en) 1992-12-03 1993-01-27 Pilkington Plc Photochromic compounds
US5344191A (en) 1992-12-09 1994-09-06 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Hidden entry system and use thereof
US5356149A (en) 1992-12-23 1994-10-18 Kane Patrick E Injection molded water-soluble golf ball
AU679216B2 (en) 1993-04-20 1997-06-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photographic elements comprising antistatic layers
EP0646631B1 (fr) 1993-10-05 2004-01-28 Hitachi Maxell Ltd. Composition d'encre émettrice de lumière
US5445611A (en) 1993-12-08 1995-08-29 Non-Invasive Monitoring Company (Nimco) Enhancement of transdermal delivery with ultrasound and chemical enhancers
US5997849A (en) 1993-12-29 1999-12-07 Chromatic Technologies, Inc. Thermochromic ink formulations, nail lacquer and methods of use
US5708181A (en) * 1994-03-11 1998-01-13 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Spiropyran compound
US5665793A (en) 1994-06-09 1997-09-09 Anders; Irving Phosphorescent highway paint composition
US6005024A (en) 1994-06-09 1999-12-21 Anders; Irving Phosphorescent epoxy overlay
JP3585005B2 (ja) 1994-08-12 2004-11-04 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 水性塗料用硬化性樹脂組成物
JPH0899384A (ja) 1994-09-30 1996-04-16 Ykk Kk 蓄光体
US5709985A (en) 1994-11-10 1998-01-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photographic element comprising antistatic layer
US6194539B1 (en) 1994-11-22 2001-02-27 Daicel Chemical Industries, Inc. Polylactone having amino groups, a process for the preparation thereof, a compound having amino group, a composition for coatings, a composition for printing inks
US5692895A (en) 1995-01-30 1997-12-02 Ormco Corporation Luminescent orthodontic appliances
US5558187A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-09-24 Aberle; David H. Brake apparatus for a rotating shaft
US5658500A (en) 1995-06-14 1997-08-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Substituted naphthopyrans
US5973034A (en) 1995-10-11 1999-10-26 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha (Oxide or sulfide) powder epoxy (meth) acrylate w/glass and/or metal
US5581090A (en) 1995-10-25 1996-12-03 Solartech Enterprises, Llc Photochromic ultraviolet detector
JP3595046B2 (ja) 1995-11-08 2004-12-02 ビーエーエスエフディスパージョン株式会社 高分子分散剤、同製造方法、及びそれを用いた乳化重合方法
DE19547327C2 (de) 1995-12-19 1999-08-26 Daimler Chrysler Ag Schichtaufbau mit einem photochromen Material, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung
US5885482A (en) 1995-12-28 1999-03-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device, production process thereof and liquid crystal apparatus
US5674437A (en) 1996-02-28 1997-10-07 Glotex Corporation Method of providing luminescence to fibrous materials
US5789015A (en) 1996-06-26 1998-08-04 Innotech, Inc. Impregnation of plastic substrates with photochromic additives
JPH1036834A (ja) 1996-07-16 1998-02-10 Riken Vinyl Kogyo Kk 蛍光体組成物
US5998085A (en) 1996-07-23 1999-12-07 3M Innovative Properties Process for preparing high resolution emissive arrays and corresponding articles
US5753597A (en) 1996-08-20 1998-05-19 Chevron Chemical Company Polymeric dispersants
US5938554A (en) 1996-09-30 1999-08-17 Borg-Warner Automotive, Inc. Roller chain link plate profile
TW445380B (en) 1996-10-23 2001-07-11 Sumitomo Chemical Co Plasma display front panel
TW358895B (en) 1996-12-26 1999-05-21 Sumitomo Chemical Co Plasma display front panel
US5774997A (en) 1997-01-02 1998-07-07 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball out-of-round indicator
US6268458B1 (en) 1997-01-07 2001-07-31 Corning Precision Lens Coupler fluids for projection televisions
US6197218B1 (en) 1997-02-24 2001-03-06 Superior Micropowders Llc Photoluminescent phosphor powders, methods for making phosphor powders and devices incorporating same
EP1176575A1 (fr) 1997-03-17 2002-01-30 Magiccom Etiquette flexible, rouleau et empilement
TW417025B (en) 1997-04-10 2001-01-01 Sumitomo Chemical Co Front plate for plasma display
US6746724B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2004-06-08 Infosight Corporation Dual paint coat laser-marking labeling system, method, and product
US5989135A (en) 1997-04-28 1999-11-23 Night & Day Golf, Inc. Luminescent golf ball
US6013980A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-01-11 Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. Electrically tunable low secondary electron emission diamond-like coatings and process for depositing coatings
US5975696A (en) 1997-05-12 1999-11-02 Kohan; George Process for rendering plastic substrate photochromic
DE19721728C2 (de) 1997-05-24 2001-07-12 Byk Chemie Gmbh Dispergiermittel für Pigmente oder Füllstoffe auf der Basis von Acrylsäurealkylester-Polymeren, Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung
JPH11279408A (ja) 1997-06-02 1999-10-12 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 水性樹脂の製造法、水性硬化性樹脂組成物および水性塗料
US5985381A (en) 1997-06-30 1999-11-16 Conner; Kyle Henry Methods for increasing a camouflaging effect and articles so produced
US5839718A (en) 1997-07-22 1998-11-24 Usr Optonix Inc. Long persistent phosphorescence phosphor
DE19732251B4 (de) 1997-07-26 2004-07-29 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Versalzungsprodukte von Polyaminen und deren Einsatz als Dispergiermittel für Pigmente und Füllstoffe
US6277037B1 (en) 1997-10-03 2001-08-21 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US5823891A (en) 1997-10-03 1998-10-20 Performance Dynamics, Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US5914076A (en) 1997-10-10 1999-06-22 The Glo-Tech Corporation Process for producing longer-lasting, high luminescence, phosphorescent textile fibers
US5833349A (en) 1997-10-25 1998-11-10 Apple; Wayne B. Phosphorescent lamp shade
US6117362A (en) 1997-11-07 2000-09-12 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Long-persistence blue phosphors
US6267911B1 (en) 1997-11-07 2001-07-31 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Phosphors with long-persistent green phosphorescence
JPH11140351A (ja) * 1997-11-07 1999-05-25 Kowa Chem Ind Co Ltd 水系蓄光塗料組成物およびその塗装方法
JPH11236524A (ja) 1998-02-20 1999-08-31 Sakura Color Prod Corp 蓄光インキ組成物及び蓄光体
US6165234A (en) 1998-03-26 2000-12-26 Kanakkanatt; Sebastian V. Thermally color-changing candles
US6096443A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-08-01 Xerox Corporation Transparencies
US6013122A (en) 1998-08-18 2000-01-11 Option Technologies, Inc. Tattoo inks
US6130781A (en) 1998-09-08 2000-10-10 Gauvin; Aime H. Skylight for day and night illumination
US6156325A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-12-05 L'oreal Nail enamel composition containing a urea-modified thixotropic agent
TWI285671B (en) 1998-10-13 2007-08-21 Orion 21 A D Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US6905634B2 (en) 1998-10-13 2005-06-14 Peter Burnell-Jones Heat curable thermosetting luminescent resins
AU775879C (en) 1998-11-20 2005-03-10 Freedom-2, Inc. Permanent, removable tissue markings
JP2000192034A (ja) 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 蛍光体の製造方法
JP4051645B2 (ja) * 1999-02-19 2008-02-27 有限会社アミティ 蓄光反射物が配設されている繊維製品
JP2000294130A (ja) 1999-04-08 2000-10-20 Fujitsu Ltd 蛍光体層の形成方法及びプラズマディスプレイパネル
JP3803998B2 (ja) 1999-04-22 2006-08-02 横浜ゴム株式会社 一液型湿気硬化性組成物
WO2000077564A1 (fr) 1999-05-18 2000-12-21 Tutco, Inc. Fenetre d'appareil revetue d'une dispersion polymere thermochromique de cristaux liquides
US6623791B2 (en) 1999-07-30 2003-09-23 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coating compositions having improved adhesion, coated substrates and methods related thereto
GB9918229D0 (en) 1999-08-04 1999-10-06 Ici Plc Improvements relating to metal-compound catalysed processes
JP2001052866A (ja) * 1999-08-05 2001-02-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 蛍光変換フィルタ及び該フィルタを備えた有機発光素子
KR100772142B1 (ko) 1999-09-29 2007-10-31 사이그넷 웍스, 인코포레이티드 열변색성 라미네이트 및, 구조물의 온도를 제어하는 방법
US6400072B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-06-04 Motorola, Inc. Viewing screen for a display device
DE10018581C1 (de) 2000-04-14 2002-02-21 Basf Coatings Ag Farb- und/oder effektgebende Lackierung mit Kombinationseffektschicht und deren Verwendung
JP2001329047A (ja) 2000-05-25 2001-11-27 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、樹脂付き金属箔、接着シート及び積層板
JP2003535954A (ja) * 2000-06-08 2003-12-02 バイリー・クレイグ・ジェイムソン 改良型発光体材料
US6607744B1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2003-08-19 Segan Industries Ingestibles possessing intrinsic color change
JP3547374B2 (ja) 2000-06-23 2004-07-28 コナミ株式会社 ゲームシステム及びそれに用いる記憶媒体
US6617468B2 (en) 2000-08-16 2003-09-09 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Rheologically active urea urethane compounds
US20030022247A1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2003-01-30 Masabumi Shibuya Substance which inhibits binding of information transfer molecule for 1175-tyrosine phosphorylated KDR/FLK-1 and usages of the same
US6499995B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2002-12-31 Dann A. Schwartz Phosphorescent dental appliance and method of construction
EP1330499A2 (fr) 2000-10-11 2003-07-30 Chemteall GmbH Procede de pretraitement et d'enduction subsequente de surfaces metalliques avant le formage a l'aide d'une couche de type peinture et utilisation des substrats ainsi recouverts
JP2002234260A (ja) 2000-12-04 2002-08-20 Pilot Ink Co Ltd 可逆熱変色透光性積層体
JP3706105B2 (ja) 2001-03-15 2005-10-12 三井化学株式会社 ディスプレイ用フィルタおよびそれを用いた表示装置
TW570876B (en) 2001-05-11 2004-01-11 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd Silicon oxide film
WO2002092660A2 (fr) 2001-05-14 2002-11-21 Omnova Soltions Inc Surfactants polymeres derives de monomeres cycliques possedant des groupes lateraux de carbone fluore
US6800684B2 (en) 2001-05-16 2004-10-05 Toda Kogyo Corporation Composite particles, and tread rubber composition, paint and resin composition using the same
DE10126653A1 (de) 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Basf Coatings Ag Pigmentierte Pulverlacksuspersionen (pigmentierte Pulverslurries), Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
DE10126652A1 (de) 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Basf Coatings Ag Pulverlacke, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
WO2003002674A1 (fr) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Pennzoil-Quaker State Company Composition de revetement
JP3608051B2 (ja) 2001-07-27 2005-01-05 ターンオン有限会社 液状化カラー発光発色蓄光材及びその製造方法
EP1288234A1 (fr) 2001-08-27 2003-03-05 Sigma Coatings B.V. Liants à faible teneur en monomères hydrolysables utilisables dans des peintures autopolissantes et antisalissures
TW548683B (en) 2001-10-23 2003-08-21 Toray Industries Dielectric paste and manufacturing method of plasma display
US6833191B2 (en) 2001-11-20 2004-12-21 Encap Technologies, Llc Microencapsulated particles and process for manufacturing same
DE10156918A1 (de) 2001-11-21 2003-06-05 Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co Anstrichverträgliche bis überstreichbare Polyorganosiloxan-Zusammensetzungen
US6660184B2 (en) 2001-12-13 2003-12-09 Osram Sylvania Inc. Phosphor paste compositions
US6750266B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-06-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiphoton photosensitization system
US20030222247A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2003-12-04 Putman Everly Dean Methods for manufacturing luminescent products having long afterglow
US7241825B2 (en) * 2002-05-08 2007-07-10 Teijin Chemicals, Ltd. Polycarbonate resin composition, pellets thereof and molded article thereof
US20030219531A1 (en) 2002-05-22 2003-11-27 Farzad Parsapour Method of manufacturing a dual color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)
ATE363716T1 (de) 2002-06-14 2007-06-15 Hyperion Catalysis Int Elektroleitfähige farbstoffe und beschichtungen auf kohlenstofffibrilenbasis
US7050387B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-05-23 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Optical storage medium
US7494704B2 (en) 2002-08-15 2009-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Material, article and method of preparing materials containing oriented anisotropic particles
US20040109853A1 (en) 2002-09-09 2004-06-10 Reactive Surfaces, Ltd. Biological active coating components, coatings, and coated surfaces
US7241489B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2007-07-10 Jds Uniphase Corporation Opaque flake for covert security applications
WO2004075624A2 (fr) 2003-02-24 2004-09-10 Gnxpert Color, Inc. Systeme et procedes de signalisation
US6953536B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2005-10-11 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Long persistent phosphors and persistent energy transfer technique
US20040187417A1 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-09-30 Thomas Paul J. Changeable display system for the exterior of a house and ornaments for exterior window shutters
US6807909B1 (en) 2003-06-19 2004-10-26 William R. Coots Method and apparatus for depositing railroad plates along a railroad track bed
US20050031838A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2005-02-10 Spectra Systems Corporation Taggant security system for paper products as a deterrent to counterfeiting
GB0319639D0 (en) 2003-08-21 2003-09-24 Dodd Caroline M Luminous container
KR100638157B1 (ko) 2003-09-04 2006-10-26 주고꾸 도료 가부시키가이샤 1차 방청도료 조성물 및 1차 방청도막을 갖는 강판
US7813025B2 (en) 2003-09-17 2010-10-12 Segan Industries Inc. Flash imaging devices, methods for making and using the same
CN1867523A (zh) 2003-10-17 2006-11-22 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 阻燃的经uv固化并缓冲的光纤和缓冲组合物
US20050197423A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-09-08 Hidetoshi Fukuo Photostorage solid drawing medium
US20050134164A1 (en) 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical coupler for projection display
TWI388876B (zh) 2003-12-26 2013-03-11 Fujifilm Corp 抗反射膜、偏光板，其製造方法，液晶顯示元件，液晶顯示裝置，及影像顯示裝置
CN102352095B (zh) 2003-12-30 2014-09-10 沙伯基础创新塑料知识产权有限公司 聚合物组合物及其制备方法以及由其制备的制品
US6990903B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2006-01-31 Print-Lock Corporation Kit for labeling valuables for their identification and method therefor
US7138009B2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2006-11-21 Pitney Bowes Inc. Signature protected photosensitive optically variable ink compositions and process
US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2006-07-20 Satish Agrawal High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
US7910022B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2011-03-22 Performance Indicator, Llc Phosphorescent compositions for identification
US7547894B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2009-06-16 Performance Indicator, L.L.C. Phosphorescent compositions and methods for identification using the same

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787558A (en) * 1955-01-27 1957-04-02 Firth Carpet Company Inc Process of producing phosphorescent yarn
US3022189A (en) * 1961-01-19 1962-02-20 Du Pont Daylight fluorescent coated fabric
US3508810A (en) * 1967-07-19 1970-04-28 Vari Light Corp Photochromic systems
US3578602A (en) * 1967-08-30 1971-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound
US3560211A (en) * 1967-09-22 1971-02-02 Horizons Research Inc Light sensitive leuco dye systems containing no molecular oxygen therein
US3562172A (en) * 1968-10-28 1971-02-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound and composition containing the same
US3884697A (en) * 1969-03-31 1975-05-20 Eiichi Inoue Photographic process utilizing spiropyran compound dispersed in nitrocellulose films with high nitrogen content
US3650812A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-03-21 Ford Motor Co Acrylic-siloxane resin paint and painted article
US3666352A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-05-30 Charles A Wagner Rate controlled photochromic lenses of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer containing a mercury thiocarbazone compound
US3654190A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-04 Us Navy Fire retardant intumescent paint
US3668189A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-06-06 Allied Chem Fluorescent polycarbonamides
US3714181A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-01-30 American Cyanamid Co 2-aryl-5,10-diphenylphenanthro(9,10-d)azoles
US3936970A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-02-10 Hodges John A Fishing lure and method of fishing
US4028118A (en) * 1972-05-30 1977-06-07 Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic materials
US3738299A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-06-12 M Packler Emblems which will glow in the dark and the method of making them
US3873390A (en) * 1972-09-27 1975-03-25 Richard K Cornell Phosphorescent, fluorescent and reflective coated sheets or films and compositions and method for making the same
US4025661A (en) * 1972-11-13 1977-05-24 Rca Corporation Method of making viewing-screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US3957678A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a luminescent sulfide
US4208300A (en) * 1973-07-11 1980-06-17 Gravisse Philippe E Photoluminescent materials and method of manufacturing same
US4567019A (en) * 1977-05-11 1986-01-28 Graphic Controls Corporation Color reversing compositions
US4188449A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Phosphorescent screens
US4375373A (en) * 1978-12-29 1983-03-01 Toro Ganryo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of coating inorganic pigments (ultramarine and bronze powder) with dense amorphous silica
US4268134A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-05-19 Corning Glass Works Lightweight laminated photochromic lenses
US4425161A (en) * 1980-11-27 1984-01-10 Yutaka Shibahashi Thermochromic materials
US4379100A (en) * 1981-02-02 1983-04-05 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Polyurethane molding process with siloxane internal release agent
US4425377A (en) * 1981-07-22 1984-01-10 Rca Corporation Method of making a cathode-ray tube having a conductive internal coating exhibiting reduced arcing current
US4440672A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4720356A (en) * 1982-03-22 1988-01-19 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4451504A (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-05-29 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Process for applying phosphor to the aperture mask of a cathode ray tube
US4637698A (en) * 1983-11-04 1987-01-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US4663214A (en) * 1985-01-04 1987-05-05 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4734295A (en) * 1985-01-07 1988-03-29 Liu P Dong Guang Glare control
US4717710A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-01-05 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co. Ltd. Thermochromic composition
US4830875A (en) * 1985-10-10 1989-05-16 Quantex Corporation Photoluminescent materials and associated process and infrared sensing device
US4826550A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-05-02 Matui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparing molded product of thermochromic polyvinyl chloride
US4717770A (en) * 1986-02-27 1988-01-05 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for producing epsilon-caprolactam
US4913544A (en) * 1986-05-01 1990-04-03 Pilkington Plc Photochromic articles
US4826977A (en) * 1986-05-15 1989-05-02 The Plessey Company Plc Photochromic spiropyran compounds
US4818096A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-04-04 The Plessey Company Plc Photoreactive lenses with adamantane spiro compounds
US4910252A (en) * 1986-07-07 1990-03-20 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Siloxane polymer antifouling paint composition containing polysiloxanes
US4927180A (en) * 1986-08-22 1990-05-22 Plessey Overseas Limited Marking of articles with photochromic compounds
US4898895A (en) * 1986-12-30 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Co., Ltd. Antifouling pain having a polyacrylate component with pendent silyl or siloxane groups
US4729907A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-03-08 Rca Corporation Method of making a viewing screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US5630869A (en) * 1988-01-12 1997-05-20 Sicipa Holding S.A. Reversibly photochromic printing inks
US4921727A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-05-01 Rca Licensing Corporation Surface treatment of silica-coated phosphor particles and method for a CRT screen
US5605734A (en) * 1989-11-02 1997-02-25 Basf Corporation Phosphorescent directional signals and manufacturing method
US5176905A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-01-05 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Photochromic flesh-colored pigment and process for producing the same
US5007647A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-04-16 Sports Glow, Inc. Golf ball and method of making same
US5023015A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Method of phosphor preparation
US5185390A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5221288A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-06-22 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Thermochromic dyeing method and cellulose product dyed thereby
US5223330A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-06-29 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article and process for making the same
US5387458A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-02-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Articles exhibiting durable fluorescence with an ultraviolet screening layer
US5219625A (en) * 1991-07-09 1993-06-15 The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic laminate member and toy utilizing the same
US5294375A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-03-15 Polaroid Corporation Thermochromic materials
US5480482A (en) * 1991-11-04 1996-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reversible thermochromic pigments
US5389093A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-02-14 Howell; Wesley A. Wetness indicating diaper
US6391492B1 (en) * 1992-04-05 2002-05-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery
US5395673A (en) * 1992-04-23 1995-03-07 Hunt; Gary B. Non-slip surface
US5391327A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-02-21 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US5292549A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-03-08 Armco Inc. Metallic coated steel having a siloxane film providing temporary corrosion protection and method therefor
US5321069A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-14 Afterglow Accent Yarns, Inc. Process for producing phosphorescent yarn and yarn produced by the process
US5618063A (en) * 1992-12-09 1997-04-08 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Multicolor heat-sensitive verification and highlighting system
US5427415A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-06-27 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat sensitive system and use thereof
US5378897A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-01-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image storage panel
US6060428A (en) * 1992-12-09 2000-05-09 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat-sensitive chromogenic system
US5424006A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-06-13 Nemoto & Co., Ltd. Phosphorescent phosphor
US5728758A (en) * 1993-12-13 1998-03-17 Transitions Optical, Inc. Coating composition and articles having a cured coating
US5490344A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-02-13 Bussiere; Robert A. Glow-in-the-dark material for fishing accessories
US5744233A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-04-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of coating luminescent powders, luminescent powders and coated object
US6027810A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-02-22 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Radiographic intensifying screen with antistat
US5731658A (en) * 1994-11-30 1998-03-24 Honeywell Inc. Ultraviolet binder for phosphor fluorescent light box
US5607621A (en) * 1994-12-28 1997-03-04 Ykk Corporation Phosphorescent synthetic resin material method for production thereof, and formed article
US5717282A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-02-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device comprising a display screen having a light-absorbing coating
US5708184A (en) * 1995-07-31 1998-01-13 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of substituted aminocarbonyltriazolinones
US6048347A (en) * 1995-11-01 2000-04-11 Micro Medical Devices, Inc. Lens storage and folding apparatus
US6177487B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 2001-01-23 Basf Coatings Ag Aqueous powder paint dispersions
US5716723A (en) * 1996-03-07 1998-02-10 Van Cleef; James Gresham Glow in the dark shoe sole
US5753146A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-05-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of neutral color
US5770115A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-06-23 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US6344233B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2002-02-05 Institute For Radiological Image Sciences, Inc. Method of producing a phosphor screen
US5730961A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-03-24 Goudjil; Kamal Metamorphic nail polish
US6878076B2 (en) * 1997-10-03 2005-04-12 Performance Indicator, Llc Golf ball with moisture exposure indicator
US6358160B1 (en) * 1997-10-03 2002-03-19 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US6046455A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-04 Segan Industries Integrating ultraviolet exposure detection devices
US6201057B1 (en) * 1998-02-23 2001-03-13 Therma-Tru Corporation Weatherable coating and stain system for thermoset or thermoplastic composite surfaces
US6375864B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2002-04-23 M.A. Hannacolor, A Division Of M.A. Hanna Company Daylight/nightglow colored phosphorescent plastic compositions and articles
US6196241B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-03-06 Denise Doolan Color changing umbrella
US6359048B1 (en) * 1999-06-05 2002-03-19 Van Duynhoven Debra May Tintable luminescent paint
US6553696B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2003-04-29 Robert Foster, Sr. Flourescent drink rim
US6207077B1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-03-27 Orion 21 A.D. Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US6508732B1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-21 Mildred Kinghorn Romberger Tennis ball
US6710127B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-23 Byk- Chemie Gmbh Levelling agents for surface coatings
US6894124B2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2005-05-17 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. High solid paint compositions
US6514594B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-02-04 Avery Dennison Corporation Fluorescent polymeric articles having screening layer formed from U.V. light absorbing polymer
US6861467B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-01 Okitsumo Incorporated Powder coating composition
US20040009833A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Ja-Ru, Inc. Glow-in-the-dark wrist toy
US6870024B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2005-03-22 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Polymeric urea-urethane rheology control agents and a process for their preparation
US7033712B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-04-25 Thomson Licensing Method of manufacturing a color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120080615A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Performance Indicator, Llc. Photolytically and environmentally stable multilayer structure for high efficiency electromagentic energy conversion and sustained secondary emission
US8232533B2 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-07-31 Performance Indicator, Llc Photolytically and environmentally stable multilayer structure for high efficiency electromagnetic energy conversion and sustained secondary emission
CN110791190A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-02-14 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 水性自发光弹性涂料及其制备方法和应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1833943A2 (fr) 2007-09-19
US20080185557A1 (en) 2008-08-07
US8163201B2 (en) 2012-04-24
US8282858B2 (en) 2012-10-09
US20120028054A1 (en) 2012-02-02
CA2591803A1 (fr) 2006-06-29
US20060172135A1 (en) 2006-08-03
AU2005319365A1 (en) 2006-06-29
US20120021251A1 (en) 2012-01-26
US8409662B2 (en) 2013-04-02
WO2006069028A2 (fr) 2006-06-29
US8293136B2 (en) 2012-10-23
MX2007007445A (es) 2007-11-08
US20110012062A1 (en) 2011-01-20
US8287757B2 (en) 2012-10-16
EP1833943A4 (fr) 2011-09-28
US20120251712A1 (en) 2012-10-04
SG159492A1 (en) 2010-03-30
JP2008524401A (ja) 2008-07-10
AU2005319365B2 (en) 2011-02-03
US20120027930A1 (en) 2012-02-02
WO2006069028A3 (fr) 2006-10-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20060159925A1 (en) High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
EP0677564B1 (fr) Compositions thermochromiques opaques/transparentes et laminé
US5721059A (en) Temperature-dependent color/transparency storing resin composition and laminate member employing the same
JP3396787B2 (ja) 感温変色性色彩記憶性マイクロカプセル顔料
KR100689001B1 (ko) 적색 형광 조성물 및 이것으로 제조된 물품
JP2007098778A (ja) 可逆熱変色性転写シート及びそれを用いた可逆熱変色性物品
JP4347749B2 (ja) 感温変色性色彩記憶性積層体
JP2015024582A (ja) 可逆熱変色積層体への粘着層の配設方法および可逆熱変色性貼着体
KR200417096Y1 (ko) 광호환 변색 칼라야광 전사지
JP4934255B2 (ja) 耐光性熱変色体
JP3333912B2 (ja) 蓄光性インキおよびこれを用いた蓄光性印刷物
KR100782282B1 (ko) 광호환 변색 칼라야광 전사지의 제조방법
JPH09309174A (ja) 熱変色性積層体
JP5955666B2 (ja) 描画セット及びそれを用いた描画方法
JP2008207510A (ja) 光輝調熱変色性積層体
JP2004322423A (ja) 金属光沢調熱変色性積層体
JPH07179048A (ja) 熱変色性積層体
JP2012188796A (ja) 凹凸状変色性布帛の製造方法
JPH11208194A (ja) 転写用印刷物
JP2015009369A (ja) 可逆熱変色性積層体及びそれを用いた可逆熱変色性貼着体
JP2003127293A (ja) 金属光沢調熱変色性積層体
JPH0834157A (ja) 蓄光性熱変色性積層体
JP2006034320A (ja) 蓄光性可逆熱変色性玩具
JP2012187910A (ja) 凹凸状変色性布帛及びその製造方法
JP2012106502A (ja) 耐光性熱変色体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC, MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AGRAWAL, SATISH;OSINSKI, ROBB J.;WINSKOWICZ, ROBERT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017386/0081;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060307 TO 20060308

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION