TWI830948B - 積層體 - Google Patents
積層體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI830948B TWI830948B TW109133349A TW109133349A TWI830948B TW I830948 B TWI830948 B TW I830948B TW 109133349 A TW109133349 A TW 109133349A TW 109133349 A TW109133349 A TW 109133349A TW I830948 B TWI830948 B TW I830948B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- adhesive
- group
- laminated body
- base material
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明提供一種對低極性之金屬構件於溫水存在下之接著力優異之積層體。積層體係具有:樹脂基材;易接著層,設置於上述樹脂基材的至少一表面;以及接著性樹脂層,設置於上述易接著層中的相對於上述樹脂基材為相反側之表面;上述接著性樹脂層含有聚烯烴,該聚烯烴具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基,且酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g;上述積層體係用於將偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%的金屬構件加以接著。
Description
本揭示係關於一種積層體。
熱熔(hot melt)型之接著劑組成物係加工為膜狀或片狀,作為積層於構件的表面之接著性膜或接著性片材而用於電氣領域、汽車領域及其他工業領域等各種產業領域。已知,若為了將這些領域中所用之鐵、鋁、鈦及其他金屬等以及這些金屬之合金等的金屬構件加以接著而使用下述熱熔型組成物,則可獲得具有相對較良好之接著強度的接合體,前述熱熔型組成物係以經酸進行了改質之烯烴系熱塑性樹脂(以下稱為「酸改質聚烯烴」)作為主成分。
例如,專利文獻1中揭示有一種接著性密封構件,係使用含有特定之酸改質聚烯烴、未經酸進行改質之熱塑性彈性體及具有環氧基之矽烷偶合劑的接著劑組成物。該接著性密封構件藉由矽烷偶合劑與金屬表面之羥基之化學鍵結而獲得接著力,使用該密封構件之接合體的耐水性優異。
專利文獻2係關於一種藉由使用聚烯烴在特定條件下之熱熔接而製造金屬構件與熱塑性樹脂構件之接合體的方法,揭示有:於對金屬構件進行鉻酸鹽處理等表面處理之情形時,將聚烯烴之膜厚設為0.1mm至9mm,於不對金屬構件進行上述表面處理之情形時,將聚烯烴之膜厚設為0.2mm至9mm。
專利文獻3中揭示有一種熱熔接著性樹脂膜,係將第一接著劑層、第一中間層、具有耐熱性之基材層、第二中間層及第二接著劑層依序進行積層而成,上述第一接著劑層及上述第二接著劑層含有酸改質聚烯烴樹脂。
專利文獻4中揭示有一種接著劑組成物,係含有特定之改質聚烯烴(A)、縮水甘油胺型環氧樹脂(B1)、縮水甘油醚型環氧樹脂(B2)及有機溶劑(C)。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2011-213767號公報。[專利文獻2]國際公開第2014/112506號。[專利文獻3]日本特開2017-36354號公報。 [專利文獻4]國際公開第2015/190411號。
[發明所欲解決之課題]
然而,於將使用先前技術所形成之接合體於水之存在下使用之情形時,存在下述問題:因水向接著界面滲入而促進剝離,接著力於短時間降低。
對於使用專利文獻1所記載之接著性密封構件的接合體而言,雖然耐水性相對較良好,但有於溫水存在下之接著力明顯降低之問題。專利文獻2所記載之接合體之製造方法存在下述問題:針對偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為5.0%以下的低極性之金屬構件,於無論有無表面處理,均將聚烯烴之膜厚設為較200μm更薄之情形時,耐水性差,尤其於溫水存在下之接著力明顯降低。專利文獻3所記載之熱熔接著性樹脂膜、及專利文獻4所記載之接著劑組成物中亦存在下述問題:針對上述低極性之金屬構件,尤其於溫水存在下之接著力明顯降低。
本揭示之一實施形態有鑒於上述情況而成,目的在於提供一種積層體,對低極性之金屬構件於溫水存在下之接著力(以下有時稱為「耐溫水性」)優異。
[用以解決課題之手段]
用以解決上述課題之手段中,包含以下態樣。
<1>一種積層體,係具有:樹脂基材;易接著層,設置於上述樹脂基材的至少一表面;以及接著性樹脂層,設置於上述易接著層中的相對於上述樹脂基材為相反側之表面;上述接著性樹脂層含有聚烯烴,係具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基,且酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g;上述積層體係用於將偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%的金屬構件加以接著。<2>如<1>所記載之積層體,其中上述易接著層之溶解參數大於上述接著性樹脂層之溶解參數並小於上述樹脂基材之溶解參數,上述易接著層之溶解參數與上述接著性樹脂層之溶解參數之差的絕對值為3.0(J/cm3
)1/2
以下。<3>如<1>或<2>所記載之積層體,其中上述易接著層之厚度為8nm至200nm。<4>如<1>至<3>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度為90℃以上。<5>如<1>至<4>中任一項所記載之積層體,係具有:上述易接著層,設置於上述樹脂基材的兩面;以及上述接著性樹脂層,分別設置於上述易接著層中的相對於上述樹脂基材為相反側之表面。<6>如<1>至<5>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述酸性基包含羧酸基。<7>如<1>至<6>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述酸酐基包含羧酸酐基。<8>如<1>至<7>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述聚烯烴含有丙烯單元,相對於聚烯烴,上述丙烯單元之含量為50質量%以上。<9>如<1>至<8>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述聚烯烴之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至3.0mgKOH/g。<10>如<1>至<9>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述接著性樹脂層進而含有苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體。<11>如<10>所記載之積層體,其中相對於上述聚烯烴及上述苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體之合計,上述苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體之含量為20質量%以下。<12>如<1>至<11>中任一項所記載之積層體,其中上述接著性樹脂層之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g。 <13>一種接著方法,係使用積層體將金屬構件加以接著;前述積層體為如<1>至<12>中任一項所記載之前述積層體,前述金屬構件係偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%。
[發明功效]
根據本揭示之一實施形態,可提供一種針對低極性之金屬構件而於溫水存在下之接著力優異之積層體。
以下,對本揭示之實施形態詳細說明。再者,本揭示不受以下實施形態之任何限制,可於本揭示之目標範圍內適當加以變更而實施。
本揭示中,使用「至」所表示之數值範圍意指包含「至」之前後所記載的數值作為下限值及上限值之範圍。本揭示中階段性地記載之數值範圍中,以某數值範圍所記載之上限值或下限值亦可替換為其他階段性記載之數值範圍之上限值或下限值。另外,本揭示所記載之數值範圍中,以某數值範圍所記載之上限值或下限值亦可替換為實施例所示之值。
本揭示中,「質量%」與「重量%」為相同含意,「質量份」與「重量份」為相同含意。本揭示中,兩個以上之較佳態樣之組合為更佳態樣。
1.積層體
本揭示之積層體係具有:樹脂基材;易接著層,設置於上述樹脂基材的至少一表面;以及接著性樹脂層,設置於上述易接著層中的相對於上述樹脂基材為相反側之表面;上述接著性樹脂層含有聚烯烴,該聚烯烴具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基,且酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g;上述積層體係用於將偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%的金屬構件加以接著。
本揭示之積層體可藉由具有含有上述特定之聚烯烴的接著性樹脂層,而對偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%的金屬構件具有高接著力,另外,藉由接著於上述金屬構件能夠減少水向接著性樹脂層與上述金屬構件之接著界面的滲入。因此,本揭示之積層體對低極性之金屬構件於溫水存在下具有優異之接著力。
1-1.樹脂基材
本揭示中,使用樹脂基材作為具有接著性樹脂層之積層體的基材。構成相關基材之樹脂可對應於目標用途中基材所需求之特性而選擇,為了提高濕熱環境下相對於接著性樹脂層之密接性的提高效果、提高相對於金屬構件之密接性的提高效果,玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)以高溫為佳,較佳為75℃以上,更佳為90℃以上,特佳為100℃以上。因此,較佳為熱塑性樹脂。就操作性之觀點而言,樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度之上限值較佳為200℃以下。
玻璃轉移溫度可按照以下方法進行測定。
將10mg的試樣封入至測定用之鋁製盤並安裝於示差掃描熱分析儀(TA Intrusments公司製造之Q100型DSC),自25℃起以20℃/min之速度升溫至300℃為止,於300℃保持5分鐘後取出,藉由在金屬板上進行冷卻而急遽冷卻。將該盤再次安裝於示差掃描熱分析儀,自25℃起以20℃/min之速度升溫而測定玻璃轉移溫度(Tg:℃)及熔點(Tm:℃)。再者,相關玻璃轉移溫度係設為外插起始溫度。
關於本揭示所使用之樹脂基材之厚度,為了獲得作為具有接著性樹脂層之積層體的基材所需要的強度,可為20μm以上,較佳為25μm以上,更佳為35μm以上,特佳為45μm以上,另外,較佳為300μm以下,更佳為270μm以下,特佳為250μm以下。除此以外,亦可為150μm以下,亦可為130μm以下。
本揭示中,就容易獲得如上述之玻璃轉移溫度之觀點、機械特性等佳而容易操作之觀點等而言,作為樹脂,可列舉:聚酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂。作為聚醯胺系樹脂,可列舉:尼龍6(N6)、尼龍66(N66)、尼龍46(N46)、尼龍11(N11)、尼龍12(N12)、尼龍610(N610)、尼龍612(N612)、尼龍6/66共聚物(N6/66)、尼龍6/66/610共聚物(N6/66/610)、尼龍MXD6(MXD6)、尼龍6T、尼龍6/6T共聚物、尼龍66/PP(Polypropylene;聚丙烯)共聚物、尼龍66/PPS(Polyphenylene Sulfide;聚苯硫醚)共聚物等。其中,較佳為成形性優異之聚酯樹脂,亦即作為樹脂基材較佳為聚酯膜。
本揭示中構成聚酯膜之聚酯樹脂較佳為玻璃轉移溫度為75℃以上。藉由將玻璃轉移溫度設為75℃以上,能夠於濕熱環境下維持與接著性樹脂層之優異密接性,而有助於提高與金屬構件之密接性。玻璃轉移溫度更佳為90℃以上,更佳為100℃以上。
作為相關聚酯樹脂之具體例,可較佳地例示:聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚間苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚2,7-萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚2,6-萘二甲酸丁二酯之均聚物。較佳為亦可於玻璃轉移溫度為75℃以上之範圍內,將其他單體加以共聚合而成共聚物。另外,聚酯樹脂亦可為聚合物摻合物。作為共聚合成分,例如可較佳地使用:如草酸、己二酸、鄰苯二甲酸、癸二酸、十二烷羧酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、1,4-環己烷二羧酸、4,4’-二苯基二羧酸、苯基茚烷二羧酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、2,7-萘二羧酸(主聚合物並非聚2,7-萘二甲酸乙二酯之情形)、四氫萘二羧酸、十氫萘二羧酸、二苯基醚二羧酸等之二羧酸;如對羥基苯甲酸、對羥基乙氧基苯甲酸之羥基羧酸;或是如丙二醇、三亞甲基二醇、四亞甲基二醇、六亞甲基二醇、環己烷亞甲基二醇、新戊二醇、雙酚S之環氧乙烷加成物、雙酚A之環氧乙烷加成物、二乙二醇、聚環氧乙烷二醇等之二元醇類等。這些化合物可使用兩種以上而非僅一種。另外,這些化合物中,作為酸成分,更佳可例示間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、4,4’-二苯基二羧酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、2,7-萘二羧酸、對羥基苯甲酸,作為二醇成分,更佳可例示三亞甲基二醇、六亞甲基二醇、新戊二醇、雙酚S之環氧乙烷加成物。作為玻璃轉移溫度為90℃以上之聚酯樹脂之較佳例,特佳為聚萘二甲酸乙二酯。只要玻璃轉移溫度為90℃以上,則聚萘二甲酸乙二酯亦可為共聚物。另外,聚萘二甲酸乙二酯亦可為聚合物摻合物。其中,以聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯作為主體的聚酯樹脂係力學物性及耐濕熱性良好,故而較佳。此處所謂「作為主體」,表示聚酯樹脂的所有重複單元之90mol%以上、較佳為95mol%以上為2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯單元。
[添加劑]
本揭示之樹脂基材中,只要不損及本揭示之目的,則可為了提高潤滑性等而對應於需要含有適當之填料。作為該填料,可使用自以往作為聚酯膜等膜及片材之潤滑性賦予劑而已知之填料,可列舉例如:碳酸鈣、氧化鈣、氧化鋁、高嶺土、氧化矽、氧化鋅、碳黑、碳化矽、氧化錫、交聯丙烯酸樹脂粒子、交聯聚苯乙烯樹脂粒子、三聚氰胺樹脂粒子、交聯矽樹脂粒子等。進而,樹脂基材中亦可適當添加著色劑、抗靜電劑、抗氧化劑、有機潤滑材料、觸媒等。
[製造方法]
本揭示所用之樹脂基材及其所使用之樹脂可利用業者以往公知之方法加以製造。以下,以使用聚酯樹脂作為樹脂之情形作為代表例進行說明。再者,其他樹脂之情形時亦只要參考下文而獲得樹脂基材即可。
[聚酯之製造方法]
本揭示之聚酯樹脂可藉由以往公知之方法而獲得,例如:藉由對苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸等羧酸與二醇之反應而直接獲得低聚合度聚酯樹脂之方法;使用酯交換觸媒使二羧酸之低級烷基酯與二醇反應後,於聚合觸媒之存在下進行聚合之方法等。
上文中作為酯交換觸媒,可使用含有鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣、鋅、鍶、鈦、鋯、錳、鈷之化合物的一種或兩種以上。作為聚合觸媒,可列舉:如三氧化銻、五氧化銻之銻化合物;以二氧化鍺為代表般之鍺化合物;如鈦酸四乙酯、鈦酸四丙酯、鈦酸四苯酯或這些之部分水解物、草酸氧鈦銨、草酸氧鈦鉀、三乙醯丙酮鈦之鈦化合物。
於經由酯交換反應進行聚合之情形時,為了於聚合反應前使酯交換觸媒失活,而添加磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三正丁酯、正磷酸等磷化合物,但就聚酯樹脂之熱穩定性之方面而言,較佳為聚酯樹脂中之以磷元素計之含量為20質量ppm至100質量ppm。
聚酯樹脂亦可於熔融聚合後製成碎片,於加熱減壓下或氮氣等之非活性氣流中進行固相聚合。
構成樹脂基材之聚酯樹脂之固有黏度(35℃,鄰氯苯酚)較佳為0.40dl/g以上,更佳為0.40dl/g至0.90dl/g。若固有黏度過低則有容易發生步驟切斷之傾向。另外,若過高則有熔融黏度變高之傾向,故而有熔融擠出變困難之傾向,有聚合時間變長之傾向。再者,若固有黏度過低,則亦有耐水解性降低之傾向。
[聚酯膜之製造方法]
本揭示所用之聚酯膜可藉由例如下述方式獲得:將上述聚酯樹脂以片狀加以熔融擠出,利用澆鑄滾筒使之冷卻固化而製成未延伸膜,將該未延伸膜在「Tg(單位:℃)」至「Tg(單位:℃)+60℃」於長度方向(製膜機械軸方向。亦稱為縱向或MD(Machine Direction))以1次或2次以上之合計倍率成為3倍至6倍之方式延伸,在「Tg(單位:℃)」至「Tg(單位:℃)+60℃」於寬度方向(相對於製膜機械軸方向及厚度方向呈垂直之方向。亦稱為橫向或TD(Transverse Direction))以1次或2次以上之合計倍率成為3倍至5倍之方式延伸,對應於需要進而在「Tm(單位:℃)-80℃」至「Tm(單位:℃)-20℃」進行熱處理1秒鐘至60秒鐘,對應於需要進而一邊在較熱處理溫度低10℃至20℃之溫度於寬度方向收縮0%至20%,一邊進行再加熱處理。再者,此處Tg表示作為膜之原料的聚酯樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度,Tm表示熔點。另外,上述延伸可為逐步雙軸延伸,亦可為同步雙軸延伸。
1-2.易接著層
本揭示中,為了對樹脂基材賦予優異之接著性,而於上述樹脂基材的至少一表面形成以易接著為目的之層(以下稱為「易接著層」)。相關易接著層亦可為塗膜。此種易接著層能夠使與本揭示之接著性樹脂層的密接性提高。
構成易接著層之成分只要達成本揭示之目的,則可使用任何成分,就接著性之觀點而言,較佳為溶解參數(Solubility Parameter:SP值,以下簡稱為「SP值」)處於接著性樹脂層之SP值與樹脂基材之SP值之間。
易接著層之SP值較佳為大於接著性樹脂層之SP值,較佳為小於樹脂基材之SP值。易接著層之SP值、接著性樹脂層之SP值及樹脂基材之SP值之上述大小關係中,易接著層之SP值與接著性樹脂層之SP值之差(亦即,「易接著層之SP值」-「接著性樹脂層之SP值」)的絕對值較佳為3.0(J/cm3
)1/2
以下,更佳為2.5(J/cm3
)1/2
以下,特佳為2.0(J/cm3
)1/2
以下。再者,易接著層之SP值與接著性樹脂層之SP值之差的絕對值之下限值較佳為超過0(J/cm3
)1/2
,更佳為1.0(J/cm3
)1/2
以上。
溶解參數可使用Fedors計算式而求出。具體而言,根據樹脂基材、接著性樹脂層、易接著層之化學結構式,使用Fedors計算式,參照「聚合物工程與科學(Polymer Eng.& Sci.)」第14卷第2號(1974)第148頁至154頁,藉由計算而求出SP值。
δi=[Ev/V]1/2
=[Δei/Δvi]1/2
Ev:蒸發能V:莫耳體積Δei:i成分之原子或原子團之蒸發能Δvi:i成分之原子或原子團之莫耳體積以所有原子或所有原子團之總和的形式由下述式求出SP值。σ=(Σei/Σvi)1/2
作為易接著層,特佳為由以選自聚酯樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂中的至少一種黏合劑樹脂作為主成分之組成物所構成。作為聚酯樹脂,可較佳地例示丙烯酸系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂及乙烯系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂。
作為構成聚酯樹脂之成分,可例示如下之源自多元羧酸及多元羥基化合物之成分(亦即,稱為構成單元。以下相同)。亦即,作為源自多元羧酸之成分,可使用源自對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、4,4’-二苯基二羧酸、2,5-萘二羧酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、1,4-環己烷二羧酸、2-鉀磺基對苯二甲酸、5-鈉磺基間苯二甲酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二羧酸、戊二酸、琥珀酸、偏苯三甲酸、均苯三甲酸、偏苯三甲酸酐、鄰苯二甲酸酐、對羥基苯甲酸、偏苯三甲酸單鉀鹽及這些之酯形成性衍生物等之成分,作為源自多元羥基化合物之成分,可使用源自乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇、對二甲苯二醇、雙酚A-乙二醇加成物、雙酚A-1,2-丙二醇加成物、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亞甲基二醇、聚氧化四亞甲基二醇、二羥甲基丙酸、甘油、三羥甲基丙烷、二羥甲基乙基磺酸鈉、二羥甲基丙酸鉀等之成分。可從這些化合物中分別適當選擇一種以上而藉由常規方法之縮聚反應來合成聚酯樹脂。再者,除了上述以外,聚酯樹脂亦可為後述之丙烯酸系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂、乙烯系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂、聚酯多元醇經異氰酸酯進行擴鏈而成的聚酯聚胺基甲酸酯等具有聚酯成分之複合高分子等。
作為構成丙烯酸樹脂之成分,較佳為以源自丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯之成分作為主要成分,更佳為以源自丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯之成分相對於丙烯酸樹脂為30mol%至90mol%,且含有源自能夠進行共聚且具有官能基之乙烯基單體之成分達70mol%至10mol%的水溶性或水分散性樹脂。
能夠與丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯進行共聚且具有官能基之乙烯基單體為具有下述基作為官能基的乙烯基單體:羧基或其鹽、酸酐基、磺酸基或其鹽、醯胺基或經烷醇化之醯胺基、胺基(包含經取代之胺基)或經烷醇化之胺基或者這些之鹽、羥基、環氧基等。這些當中,作為官能基,特佳為羧基或其鹽、酸酐基、環氧基等。這些基亦可於樹脂中含有兩種以上。
作為丙烯酸烷基酯及甲基丙烯酸烷基酯之烷基之例,可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、2-乙基己基、月桂基、硬脂基、環己基等。
具有可與丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯進行共聚之官能基之乙烯系單體可使用具有反應性官能基、自交聯性官能基、親水性基等官能基之下述化合物類。
作為具有羧基或其鹽、酸酐基之化合物,可列舉:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、馬來酸、這些羧酸與鈉等之金屬鹽、銨鹽、馬來酸酐等。作為具有磺酸基或其鹽之化合物,可列舉:乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、這些磺酸與鈉等之金屬鹽、銨鹽等。作為具有醯胺基或經烷醇化之醯胺基之化合物,可列舉:丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、N-甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、羥甲基化丙烯醯胺、羥甲基化甲基丙烯醯胺、脲基乙烯醚、β-脲基異丁基乙烯醚、丙烯酸脲基乙酯等。作為具有胺基或經烷醇化之胺基或者這些之鹽的化合物,可列舉:二乙基胺基乙基乙烯醚、2-胺基乙基乙烯醚、3-胺基丙基乙烯醚、2-胺基丁基乙烯醚、甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯、二甲基胺基乙基乙烯醚、將這些之胺基加以羥甲基化而得之化合物、藉由鹵烷、二甲基硫酸、磺內酯(sultone)等加以四級化而得之化合物等。作為具有羥基之化合物,可列舉:丙烯酸-β-羥基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-β-羥基乙酯、丙烯酸-β-羥基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸-β-羥基丙酯、β-羥基乙基乙烯醚、5-羥基戊基乙烯醚、6-羥基己基乙烯醚、聚乙二醇單丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇單甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇單丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇單甲基丙烯酸酯等。作為具有環氧基之化合物,可列舉丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯等。作為具有其他官能基之化合物,可列舉乙烯基異氰酸酯、烯丙基異氰酸酯等。進而,亦可列舉下述化合物作為乙烯系單體化合物:乙烯、丙烯、甲基戊烯、丁二烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯等烯烴類;乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基乙基醚、乙烯基三烷氧基矽烷、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、四氟乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯等。
作為構成聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂之成分,可例示:如下的源自多元羥基化合物之成分、源自多元異氰酸酯化合物之成分、源自擴鏈劑之成分、源自交聯劑之成分等。亦即,作為源自多元羥基化合物之成分,可使用源自下述化合物之成分:如聚氧乙二醇、聚氧丙二醇、聚氧丁二醇之聚醚類;如聚己二酸乙二酯、聚乙烯-己二酸丁二酯、聚己內酯之聚酯類;聚碳酸酯類;丙烯酸系多元醇;蓖麻油等。作為源自多元異氰酸酯化合物之成分,可使用源自下述化合物之成分:甲苯二異氰酸酯、苯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、二甲苯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯等。作為源自擴鏈劑之成分、源自交聯劑之成分之例,可使用源自下述化合物之成分:乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、肼、伸乙基二胺、二伸乙基三胺、伸乙基二胺-丙烯酸鈉加成物、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二胺基二環己基甲烷、水等。可自這些化合物中分別適當選擇一種以上,藉由常規方法之縮聚-交聯反應而合成聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂。
丙烯酸系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂及乙烯系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂可藉由在聚酯之水溶液或水分散液中將丙烯酸系樹脂或乙烯系樹脂加以聚合而合成。作為構成該聚酯之成分,可例示:與上述相同的源自多元羧酸之成分及源自多元羥基化合物之成分、以及源自這些化合物之酯形成性衍生物之成分。
作為構成丙烯酸系樹脂及乙烯系樹脂之成分,仍可適當使用與上述相同的源自丙烯酸烷基酯之成分、源自甲基丙烯酸烷基酯之成分、或者與這些成分共聚的與上述相同的源自乙烯系單體化合物之成分的一種或兩種以上。
作為本揭示之丙烯酸系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂及乙烯系樹脂改質聚酯樹脂,亦包含日本特開平1-165633號公報所記載的具有所謂丙烯酸接枝聚酯般之分子結構的樹脂。
相對於易接著層之總質量,易接著層中之上述黏合劑樹脂之含量較佳為80質量%以上,更佳為90質量%以上。
易接著層除了上述成分以外,亦可使用三聚氰胺樹脂等其他樹脂、抗靜電劑、著色劑、界面活性劑、紫外線吸收劑等。
本揭示之易接著層較佳為由除了上述黏合劑樹脂以外還含有交聯劑之組成物所形成。藉此,接著性進一步提高。作為交聯劑,可較佳地列舉噁唑啉系交聯劑、縮水甘油胺系交聯劑。相對於黏合劑樹脂100質量份,交聯劑之含量較佳為3質量份至40質量份,更佳為4質量份以上、5質量份以上,另外,更佳為35質量份以下、30質量份以下。
[易接著層之形成方法]
作為於樹脂基材的至少一表面形成此種易接著層之方法並無限制,可自通常所用之方法中適當選擇。例如,可將用以形成易接著層之塗液塗佈於樹脂基材並加以乾燥,藉此形成易接著層。亦可藉由共擠出法或層壓法而形成。
例如,於樹脂基材為聚酯膜之情形時,可藉由下述方式進行積層:將含有用以形成易接著層之成分的塗液(較佳為水溶液或水分散液、乳液型分散液)塗佈於能夠延伸之聚酯膜後,進行乾燥、延伸,對應於需要進行熱處理。該塗液之塗敷可藉由通常之塗敷步驟來進行,亦即,可對經雙軸延伸熱固定之聚酯膜利用相對於該膜之製造步驟為獨立的步驟來進行塗敷,但在更潔淨之氛圍下之塗佈、亦即於該膜之製造步驟中進行塗佈之情況下,不易夾帶塵埃、灰塵等,故而較佳。另外,於該膜之製造步驟中所進行之塗佈中,在能夠延伸之聚酯膜之狀態進行塗佈之情況下,能夠藉由後續之延伸而進一步提高塗膜對聚酯膜之密接性,故而更佳。此處,所謂「能夠延伸之聚酯膜」,意指未延伸聚酯膜、單軸延伸聚酯膜或雙軸延伸聚酯膜,其中,特佳為於膜製造方向(縱向)經單軸延伸之聚酯膜。作為塗佈方法,可應用公知之任意塗佈方法,例如可將輥塗法、凹版塗佈法、輥刷法、噴霧塗佈法、氣刀塗佈法、含浸法及簾幕式塗佈法等單獨或組合使用。塗佈量較佳為行進之膜的每1m2
為0.5g至20g,更佳為1g至10g,作為乾燥後之易接著層之厚度,較佳為8nm至200nm,更佳為10nm至100nm。於易接著層之厚度過薄之情形時,有易接著層之密接性之提高效果降低的傾向,另一方面,於過厚之情形時,有於易接著層內容易產生凝聚破壞之傾向,有濕熱環境下之相對於熱密封層之密接性之提高效果降低的傾向。
1-3.接著性樹脂層
本揭示之接著性樹脂層含有聚烯烴(以下稱為「(A)成分」),係具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基,酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g。
[(A)成分]
(A)成分具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基。
作為酸性基之具體例,可列舉羧酸基、磺酸基及磷酸基等,這些酸性基中,就容易改質之方面而言,較佳為羧酸基。
作為酸酐基之具體例,可列舉羧酸酐基、磺酸酐基及磷酸酐基等,這些酸酐基中,就容易獲取原料、容易改質之方面而言,較佳為羧酸酐基。
上述中,就耐溫水性之觀點而言,較佳為於(A)成分中,酸性基包含羧酸基,酸酐基包含羧酸酐基。
(A)成分亦可為經含酸性基之單體及/或含酸酐基之單體改質之聚烯烴。作為改質之方法,可採用公知之方法。可列舉例如:於有機過氧化物、脂肪族偶氮化合物等自由基聚合起始劑之存在下,將含酸性基之單體及/或含酸酐基之單體與不具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚烯烴進行熔融混練等的接枝改質;含酸性基之單體及/或含酸酐基之單體與烯烴類之共聚合等。
[含酸性基之單體]
作為(A)成分之原料,可列舉含酸性基之單體。具體而言為於同一分子內具有乙烯性雙鍵及羧酸基等之化合物,可列舉各種不飽和單羧酸化合物及不飽和二羧酸化合物等。
作為不飽和單羧酸化合物之具體例,可列舉:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丁烯酸及異丁烯酸等。
作為不飽和二羧酸化合物之具體例,可列舉:馬來酸、衣康酸、檸康酸、納迪克酸(nadic acid)及降冰片烯二酸(endic acid)等。
作為含酸性基之單體,就容易改質之方面而言,較佳為不飽和二羧酸化合物,特佳為馬來酸。
這些含酸性基之單體可僅使用一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
於用於改質的含酸性基之單體之一部分為未反應之情形時,為了抑制對接著力之不良影響,較佳為藉由公知之方法來將未反應之含酸性基之單體去除後用作(A)成分。
[含酸酐基之單體]
作為(A)成分之原料,可列舉含酸酐基之單體。具體而言為於同一分子內具有乙烯性雙鍵及羧酸酐基等之化合物,可列舉前述不飽和單羧酸化合物之酸酐及前述不飽和二羧酸化合物之酸酐等。
作為不飽和單羧酸化合物之酸酐之具體例,可列舉:丙烯酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐、丁烯酸酐及異丁烯酸酐等。
作為不飽和二羧酸化合物之酸酐之具體例,可列舉:馬來酸酐、衣康酸酐、檸康酸酐、納迪克酸酐及降冰片烯二酸酐等。
作為含酸酐基之單體,就容易改質之方面而言,較佳為不飽和二羧酸化合物之酸酐,特佳為馬來酸酐。
這些含酸酐基之單體可僅使用一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
於用於改質的含酸酐基之單體之一部分為未反應的情形時,為了抑制對接著力之不良影響,較佳為藉由公知之方法來將未反應之含酸酐基之單體去除後用作(A)成分。
[不具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚烯烴]
作為(A)成分之原料,可列舉不具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚烯烴(以下稱為「(a1)成分」)。
作為(a1)成分之具體例,可列舉:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯與乙烯之無規共聚物、丙烯與乙烯之嵌段共聚物、乙烯與α-烯烴之無規共聚物、乙烯與α-烯烴之嵌段共聚物、丙烯與α-烯烴之無規共聚物、丙烯與α-烯烴之嵌段共聚物等。作為前述α-烯烴,可列舉:1-丁烯、異丁烯、1-己烯及1-辛烯等。
這些聚烯烴中,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為聚丙烯、丙烯-乙烯之嵌段共聚物、丙烯-乙烯之無規共聚物、丙烯與α-烯烴之無規共聚物及丙烯與α-烯烴之嵌段共聚物等聚丙烯系聚合物。進而,特佳為(a1)成分中之丙烯單元為50質量%以上。
(a1)成分可僅使用一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
(A)成分之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g。就能夠賦予對金屬構件之接著力之方面而言,(A)成分之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g以上,更佳為0.1mgKOH/g以上,特佳為0.5mgKOH/g以上。另外,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,(A)成分之酸值為6.5mgKOH/g以下,更佳為3.0mgKOH/g以下,尤佳為2.0mgKOH/g以下,特佳為1.0mgKOH/g以下。
酸值可依據JIS(Japanese Industrial Standards;日本工業標準)K 0070:1992而測定。具體而言,使精確稱量後之試樣溶解於混合有二甲苯:正丁醇=1:1質量比之混合溶劑而獲得試樣溶液。繼而,於該試樣溶液添加數滴作為指示劑之1質量/體積%之酚酞乙醇溶液,使用0.1mol/L之氫氧化鉀之乙醇溶液作為滴定液進行滴定,按照下式算出酸值。下式中,T表示滴定量(mL),F表示滴定液之因數,W表示試樣採集量(g)。酸值=(T×F×56.11×0.1)/W。
(A)成分之熔點較佳為100℃至200℃,更佳為120℃至180℃。就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為100℃以上,就能夠提高加工性之方面而言,較佳為200℃以下。
熔點可使用DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter;示差掃描熱分析儀)(例如TA Instruments公司製造之DSCQ100),將約20mg的樣本封入至測定用之鋁製盤,以自25℃至230℃以10℃/min之升溫速度進行測定時的熔解峰值溫度的形式來求出。
關於(A)成分之熔體流動速率(Melt Flow Rate,以下稱為「MFR」),於230℃、試驗壓力1.96MPa之測定條件下,較佳為0.1g/10min至30g/10min,更佳為0.1g/10min至20g/10min。就能夠提高加工性之方面而言,較佳為0.1g/10min以上,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為30g/10min以下。
MFR可依據JIS K 7210:2014於以下條件下進行測定。·裝置:流動測試儀(Flow Tester)CFT-500(島津製作所股份有限公司製造)·模具:Φ1mm×10mm·試驗壓力:1.96MPa·汽缸面積:1cm2
·汽缸溫度:230℃
(A)成分較佳為含有丙烯單元。就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,相對於(A)成分,(A)成分中的丙烯單元之含量較佳為50質量%以上,更佳為80質量%以上,特佳為90質量%以上。
於本揭示之接著性樹脂層中,(A)成分可僅使用一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
於本揭示之接著性樹脂層中,關於(A)成分之含量,就耐溫水性優異之理由而言,以接著性樹脂層100質量%為基準,較佳為80質量%至100質量%,更佳為90質量%至100質量%。
[其他成分]
本揭示之接著性樹脂層含有(A)成分,但可對應於目的而調配各種成分。再者,本揭示之接著性樹脂層中,由於有耐溫水性變差之虞,故而較佳為不含多官能異氰酸酯化合物,例如較佳為100ppm以下之含量。
作為其他成分,具體可列舉:苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體(以下稱為「(B)成分」)、增黏劑、抗氧化劑、受阻胺系光穩定劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗靜電劑、難燃劑、著色劑、分散劑、密接性賦予劑、消泡劑、調平劑、塑化劑、潤滑劑及填充劑等。另外,本揭示之接著性樹脂層亦可含有除上述(A)成分以外之聚烯烴(例如(a1)成分等)。
以下,對這些成分加以說明。
再者,後述的其他成分可僅使用所例示之化合物的一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
[(B)成分]
本揭示之接著性樹脂層可進而含有苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體作為(B)成分。藉由進而含有苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體,能夠提高接著力。
作為(B)成分之具體例,可列舉:苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、環氧改質苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene,以下稱為「SEPS」)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene,以下稱為「SEBS」)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物等苯乙烯系樹脂等,可不具有酸性基及酸酐基,亦可具有酸性基及/或酸酐基,亦可具有胺基。
作為用以導入酸性基及/或酸酐基之改質方法,可採用公知之方法。可列舉例如:於有機過氧化物、脂肪族偶氮化合物等自由基聚合起始劑之存在下,將上述含酸性基及/或酸酐基之單體與上述苯乙烯系樹脂進行熔融混練等的接枝改質等。
作為用以導入胺基之改質方法,可採用公知之方法。可列舉例如:使含胺基之化合物加成於藉由活性陰離子聚合所得的前述苯乙烯系樹脂之活性末端等的末端改質;於有機過氧化物、脂肪族偶氮化合物等自由基聚合起始劑之存在下,將2-(1-環己烯基)乙胺等具有不飽和鍵之胺化合物與前述苯乙烯系樹脂進行熔融混練等的接枝改質等。
作為(B)成分,就能夠兼具耐溫水性與加工性之方面而言,較佳為SEPS及SEBS。
關於(B)成分之酸值,就能夠保持穩定品質之方面而言,較佳為80mgKOH/g以下。進而,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,更佳為50mgKOH/g以下,特佳為20mgKOH/g以下,亦可為0.0mgKOH/g。酸值可依據JIS K 0070:1992進行測定。具體而言,使精確稱量後之試樣溶解於混合有二甲苯:正丁醇=1:1質量比之混合溶劑而獲得試樣溶液。繼而,於該試樣溶液添加數滴作為指示劑之1質量/體積%之酚酞乙醇溶液,使用作為滴定液之0.1mol/L的氫氧化鉀之乙醇溶液進行滴定,按照下式算出酸值。下式中,T表示滴定量(mL),F表示滴定液的因數,W表示試樣採集量(g)。
酸值=(T×F×56.11×0.1)/W。
關於(B)成分之MFR,於230℃、試驗壓力1.96MPa之測定條件下,較佳為1g/10min至100g/10min,更佳為1g/10min至90g/10min。就能夠提高加工性之方面而言,較佳為1g/10min以上,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為100g/10min以下。
MFR可依據JIS K 7210:2014於以下條件下進行測定。·裝置:流動測試儀CFT-500(島津製作所股份有限公司製造)·模具:Φ1mm×10mm·試驗壓力:1.96MPa·汽缸面積:1cm2
·汽缸溫度:230℃
相對於(A)成分及(B)成分之合計,(B)成分之含量較佳為20質量%以下,更佳為1質量%至20質量%,特佳為1質量%至10質量%。於接著性樹脂層含有(B)成分之情形時,(B)成分之含量之下限值並無限制,可相對於(A)成分及(B)成分之合計,而於不超過0質量%之範圍適當設定。相對於(A)成分及(B)成分之合計,與上述(B)成分之含量之較佳範圍對應的(A)成分之含量分別可成為80質量%以上、80質量%至99質量%、90質量%至99質量%。再者,關於接著性樹脂層含有(B)成分之情形時的(A)成分之含量之上限值,相對於(A)成分及(B)成分之合計,可於未達100質量%之範圍適當設定。
作為(B)成分之含量,就加工性及接著力優異之方面而言,較佳為1質量%以上,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為20質量%以下。
[增黏劑]
增黏劑可為了提高接著力而調配。
作為增黏劑,可使用公知之增黏劑,可列舉:萜烯系樹脂、松香系樹脂、脂肪族系石油樹脂、脂環族系石油樹脂、共聚合系石油樹脂及氫化石油樹脂等。
作為萜烯系樹脂之具體例,可列舉:α-蒎烯聚合物、β-蒎烯聚合物、及這些聚合物與苯酚或雙酚A等之共聚物等。
作為松香系樹脂之具體例,可列舉:天然松香、聚合松香及這些松香之酯衍生物等。
脂肪族系石油樹脂亦稱為C5系樹脂,一般而言為由石油之C5餾分所合成之樹脂。脂環族系石油樹脂亦稱為C9系樹脂,一般而言為由石油之C9餾分所合成之樹脂。
作為共聚合石油樹脂之具體例,可列舉C5/C9共聚合樹脂等。
氫化石油樹脂一般而言可藉由上述各種石油樹脂之氫化而製造。
就耐溫水性優異之方面而言,作為增黏劑之含量相對於接著性樹脂層100質量%,較佳為1質量%至20質量%,更佳為1質量%至10質量%。
[酸值]
本揭示之接著性樹脂層之酸值較佳為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g。就能夠提高對金屬構件之接著力之方面而言,較佳為0.01mgKOH/g以上,更佳為0.1mgKOH/g以上,特佳為0.5mgKOH/g以上。另外,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為6.5mgKOH/g以下,更佳為3.0mgKOH/g以下,特佳為1.5mgKOH/g以下。酸值可依據JIS K 0070:1992而進行測定。具體而言,使精確稱量後之試樣溶解於混合有二甲苯:正丁醇=1:1質量比之混合溶劑而獲得試樣溶液。繼而,於該試樣溶液添加數滴作為指示劑之1質量/體積%的酚酞乙醇溶液,使用作為滴定液之0.1mol/L的氫氧化鉀之乙醇溶液進行滴定,按照下式算出酸值。下式中,T表示滴定量(mL),F表示滴定液之因數,W表示試樣採集量(g)。酸值=(T×F×56.11×0.1)/W。
作為接著性樹脂層之酸值之調整方法,可列舉:調整接著性樹脂層中之(A)成分之含量的方法、調配酸值為0.05mgKOH/g至100mgKOH/g之聚烯烴與(a1)成分之方法等。
[熔點]
本揭示之接著性樹脂層之熔點較佳為100℃至200℃,更佳為120℃至180℃。就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為100℃以上,就能夠提高加工性之方面而言,較佳為200℃以下。熔點可使用示差掃描熱分析儀(DSC)(例如TA Instruments公司製造之DSCQ100),將約20mg的樣本封入至測定用之鋁製盤,以自25℃至230℃以10℃/min之升溫速度進行測定時之熔解峰值溫度的形式來求出。
[MFR]
關於本揭示之接著性樹脂層之MFR,於230℃、試驗壓力1.96MPa之測定條件下,較佳為1g/10min至30g/10min,更佳為5g/10min至20g/10min。就能夠提高加工性之方面而言,較佳為1g/10min以上,就能夠提高耐溫水性之方面而言,較佳為30g/10min以下。MFR可依據JIS K 7210:2014於以下條件下進行測定。·裝置:流動測試儀CFT-500(島津製作所股份有限公司製造)·模具:Φ1mm×10mm·試驗壓力:1.96MPa·汽缸面積:1cm2
·汽缸溫度:230℃
[接著性樹脂層之形成方法]
作為形成接著性樹脂層之方法,並無限制,可自通常所用之方法中適當選擇。例如,可將用以形成接著性樹脂層之組成物(以下稱為「接著劑組成物」)加以熔融混練,藉由擠出成形而於易接著層上形成接著性樹脂層。作為擠出成形,可列舉例如共擠出法、擠出層壓法等。
本揭示之接著劑組成物可利用公知之方法製造。具體而言,較佳為藉由使用亨舍爾混合機、班布瑞混合機、V型摻合機、滾筒摻合機或帶式摻合機等將(A)成分及對應於需要的其他成分進行混合而獲得,藉由使用單軸擠出機、多軸擠出機、輥或捏合機等將該混合物於180℃至300℃、較佳為190℃至260℃加以熔融混練,而能以顆粒狀之形態獲得。
接著性樹脂層之厚度只要對應於金屬構件之材質、用途等而適當設定即可,並無特別限定,較佳為10μm至200μm,更佳為20μm至200μm。
本揭示之積層體較佳為具有:上述易接著層,設置於上述樹脂基材的兩面;以及上述接著性樹脂層,分別設置於上述易接著層中的相對於上述樹脂基材為相反側之表面。藉由在積層體的兩面分別設置接著性樹脂層,能夠經由積層體將兩個被接著體加以接合。兩個易接著層之組成可相同亦可不同。另外,兩個接著性樹脂層之組成可相同亦可不同。
1-4.金屬構件
作為金屬構件,只要偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%,則無限制,可列舉例如含有鐵、鋁、鈦、鎂、銅、鎳、鉻等之金屬構件。上述中,就耐酸性優異之方面而言,較佳為含有鈦之金屬構件。另外,作為金屬構件之具體例,可列舉:鐵、鋁、鈦、鎂、銅、鎳、鉻及其他金屬等,以及這些金屬之合金等。上述中,作為金屬構件之材質,就耐酸性優異之方面而言,較佳為鈦或鈦合金。
就耐溫水性優異之方面而言,偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率較佳為0.01%至2.5%,更佳為0.01%至1.5%,特佳為0.01%至1.0%。
此處,金屬構件之表面自由能以及這些之分散項、偶極子項及氫鍵項係由以下之簡稱表示。偶極子項佔金屬構件之表面自由能之比率係以「γM P
÷γM
×100」加以計算。
γM
:金屬構件之表面自由能(γM D
+γM P
+γM H
)
γM D
:金屬構件之表面自由能之分散項γM P
:金屬構件之表面自由能之偶極子項γM H
:金屬構件之表面自由能之氫鍵項
上述γM
、γM D
、γM P
、及γM H
係藉由JIS R 3257:1999所規定的使用接觸角計之躺滴法,於以下條件下基於三點法測定接觸角,使用展開Fowkes式而加以計算。
測定溫度:25℃液體:水、α-溴萘、二碘甲烷
作為金屬構件之厚度,只要根據該金屬構件之材質、用途等而適當設定即可,並無特別限定。
2.接合體
本揭示之接合體係具有:上述積層體;以及金屬構件,接合於上述積層體的上述接著性樹脂層之表面之至少一部分,且偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%。
本揭示中,所謂「接著性樹脂層之表面之至少一部分」,係指存在於本揭示之接合體的接著性樹脂層之表面之至少一部分。本揭示之接合體中,上述金屬構件只要接合於存在於本揭示之接合體的接著性樹脂層之表面之至少一部分即可,於存在複數個接著性樹脂層之情形時,亦可不接合於所有接著性樹脂層之表面。例如,於存在於本揭示之接合體的接著性樹脂層為一個之情形時,只要將上述金屬構件接合於一個接著性樹脂層之表面之一部分即可。另外,於存在於本揭示之接合體的接著性樹脂層為複數個之情形時,只要將上述金屬構件接合於至少一個接著性樹脂層之表面之一部分即可。
本揭示之接合體係上述接著性樹脂層與上述金屬構件接合而成,故而具有高接著力,進而能夠減少水向上述接著性樹脂層與上述金屬構件之接著界面之滲入。因此,本揭示之接合體具有優異之耐溫水性。
關於本揭示之接合體中的積層體及金屬構件,如上述「1.積層體」中所說明,較佳範圍亦相同。金屬構件可單獨使用一種,亦可將兩種以上加以組合而使用。
就耐溫水性之觀點而言,金屬構件之表面自由能與接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之差較佳為5.0mN/m以上,更佳為6.0mN/m以上。進而,就剝離強度之觀點而言,金屬構件之表面自由能與接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之差較佳為10.0mN/m以上。另外,接著性樹脂層之表面自由能較佳為小於金屬構件之表面自由能。本揭示之接合體中,金屬構件之表面自由能與接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之差係以「γM
-γA
」加以計算。另外,就能夠確保穩定之品質、以及耐溫水性及剝離強度之方面而言,較佳為30mN/m以下,更佳為15mN/m以下,特佳為13mN/m以下。
此處,接著性樹脂層之表面自由能、以及這些之分散項、偶極子項及氫鍵項係由以下之簡稱表示。
γA
:接著性樹脂層之表面自由能(γA D
+γA P
+γA H
)γA D
:接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之分散項γA P
:接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之偶極子項γA H
:接著性樹脂層之表面自由能之氫鍵項
上述γA
、γA D
、γA P
、及γA H
係藉由JIS R 3257:1999所規定的使用接觸角計之躺滴法,於以下條件下基於三點法測定接觸角,使用展開Fowkes式而加以計算。
測定溫度:25℃液體:水、α-溴萘、二碘甲烷
本揭示之接合體亦可於上述積層體的上述接著性樹脂層之表面之至少一部分接合有上述金屬構件以外之構件(以下稱為「其他構件」)。作為其他構件,亦可為玻璃及熱塑性樹脂等。
作為玻璃,可列舉:鹼玻璃、無鹼玻璃及石英玻璃等。
作為熱塑性樹脂,可列舉:聚烯烴系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、聚丙烯腈系樹脂、聚乙烯醇系樹脂及聚氯乙烯系樹脂。
作為金屬構件及其他構件之形狀,只要對應於用途等而適當設定即可,並無特別限定,可列舉膜狀、片狀、板狀、角狀及棒狀等。
本揭示之接著劑組成物能以顆粒狀之形式使用,另外也能將該顆粒使用膜成形機製成膜或片材等形狀(以下稱為「接著性膜」)而使用。另外,亦能以下述接著性膜之形式使用,該接著性膜係藉由T字模方式、充氣方式、砑光方式或螺桿式擠出機於50℃至200℃之溫度進行熔融混練,藉由擠出成形而於作為構件之金屬、玻璃或熱塑性樹脂的單面或兩面積層出由接著劑組成物所構成之接著性樹脂層而成。
再者,於使用熱塑性樹脂作為構件之情形時,較佳為藉由共擠出法或擠出層壓法來進行本揭示之接著劑組成物之擠出成形,藉此獲得具有熱塑性樹脂層之接著性膜。
3.用途
本揭示之積層體及接合體可用於電氣領域、汽車領域及其他工業領域等各種產業領域,尤其可用於燃料電池等車載用電池領域。其中,本揭示之積層體亦可用於燃料電池以外之用途。
作為電氣領域之用途例,有攜帶式機器、電視機框體及生活家電框體等當中的藉由貼附裝飾片所進行的裝飾、金屬構件與樹脂之接著及電子零件之密封等。
作為汽車領域之用途例,有支柱、飾條、門飾板、擾流板及頂篷等內外裝構件等當中的由金屬構件/樹脂所構成之外裝材料之接著;真皮革、織物、儀表板發泡片材及裝飾片材與基材之接著等。
作為其他工業領域之用途例,有工業用包裝材料及阻隔膜等多層膜之膜間之接著等。
作為其他產業領域之用途例,有物流資材、房屋建材、日用百貨及體育用品之接著等。
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例來詳細說明本揭示,但本揭示不限制於這些實施例。再者,只要無特別說明,則「份」、「%」為質量基準。
1.測定方法[酸值]
酸值表示將試樣1g中所含之酸加以中和所需要的氫氧化鉀之毫克數,係依據JIS K 0070:1992進行測定。具體而言,使精確稱量後之試樣溶解於混合有二甲苯:正丁醇=1:1質量比之混合溶劑而獲得試樣溶液。繼而,於該試樣溶液添加數滴作為指示劑之1質量/體積%的酚酞乙醇溶液,使用作為滴定液之0.1mol/L的氫氧化鉀之乙醇溶液進行滴定,按照下式算出酸值。酸值=(T×F×56.11×0.1)/W。
此處,上述計算式中,T表示滴定量(mL),F表示滴定液之因數,W表示試樣採集量(g)。
[MFR]
於以下條件下測定MFR(單位:g/10min)。·裝置:流動測試儀CFT-500(島津製作所股份有限公司製造)·模具:Φ1mm×10mm·試驗壓力:1.96MPa·汽缸面積:1cm2
·汽缸溫度:230℃
[表面自由能]
藉由JIS R 3257:1999所規定的使用接觸角計之躺滴法,於以下條件下基於三點法測定接觸角,使用展開Fowkes式分別計算γM
、γM D
、γM P
及γM H
、以及γA
、γA D
、γA P
及γA H
。另外,將 用於躺滴法之各液體之γL
、γL D
、γL P
及γL H
顯示於下述表1。裝置:CA-X型接觸角計(協和界面科學股份有限公司製造)測定溫度:25℃液體:水、α-溴萘、二碘甲烷
[表1]
液體 | γL | γL D | γL P | γL H |
水 | 72.8 | 29.1 | 1.3 | 42.4 |
α-溴萘 | 44.6 | 44.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
二碘甲烷 | 50.8 | 46.8 | 4.0 | 0.0 |
[玻璃轉移溫度]
將10mg的試樣封入至測定用之鋁製盤並安裝於示差掃描熱分析儀(TA Instruments公司製造之Q100型DSC),自25℃起以20℃/min之速度升溫至300℃為止,於300℃保持5分鐘後取出,藉由在金屬板上進行冷卻而急遽冷卻。將該盤再次安裝於示差掃描熱分析儀,自25℃起以20℃/min之速度升溫而測定玻璃轉移溫度(Tg:℃)及熔點(Tm:℃)。再者,相關玻璃轉移溫度係設為外插起始溫度。
[厚度]
依據JIS K 7130(1999年制定)之規定而測定各層之厚度。
[溶解參數(SP值)]
藉由以下方法求出SP值。根據所使用之樹脂基材、接著性樹脂層、易接著層之化學結構式,使用Fedors計算式,參照「聚合物工程與科學(Polymer Eng.&Sci.)」第14卷第2號(1974)第148頁至154頁,藉由計算而求出SP值。δi=[Ev/V]1/2
=[Δei/Δvi]1/2
。Ev:蒸發能V:莫耳體積Δei:i成分之原子或原子團之蒸發能Δvi:i成分之原子或原子團之莫耳體積作為所有原子或所有原子團之總和而由下述式求出SP值。σ=(Σei/Σvi)1/2
。
2.所使用之樹脂之物性
將所使用之樹脂之酸值及MFR顯示於下述表2。
[表2]
結構 | 酸值 1) | MFR 2) | ||
(A)成分 | A1 | 具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚丙烯 (丙烯單元:94.93質量%,丙烯以外之烯烴單元:5.00質量%,馬來酸酐單元(包含經局部水解之馬來酸酐單元):0.07質量%) | 0.76 | 8.2 |
A2 | 具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚丙烯 (丙烯單元:99.92質量%,馬來酸酐單元(包含經局部水解之馬來酸酐單元):0.08質量%) | 0.80 | 9.1 | |
(B)成分 | B1 | 不具有酸性基及酸酐基之苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物 (苯乙烯單元:30質量%) | 0.0 | 70 |
B2 | 具有酸性基及酸酐基之苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物 (苯乙烯單元:20質量%,馬來酸酐單元(包含經局部水解之馬來酸酐單元):1.03質量%) | 10.0 | 8.0 | |
B3 | 具有胺基之苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物 (苯乙烯單元:30質量%) | 0.0 | 4.0 | |
PA | 尼龍基質共聚合聚醯胺樹脂 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |
PES | 飽和共聚合聚酯樹脂 | 0.8 | 60 | |
PP | 具有酸性基及酸酐基之聚丙烯 (丙烯單元:80.85質量%,丙烯以外之烯烴單元:14.55質量%,馬來酸酐單元(包含局部水解之馬來酸酐單元):4.6質量%) | 10.3 | 22 | |
1)酸值:mgKOH/g 2)MFR:g/10min |
3.所使用之金屬構件之物性
將用作金屬構件之五種(M1至M5)之材質、表面自由能、以及這些之分散項、偶極子項、氫鍵項及偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率顯示於下述表3。再者,作為金屬構件,使用尺寸為10mm×30mm且厚度為100μm之板。
[表3]
金屬構件 | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 |
材質 | 鈦 | 鈦 | 鈦 | 鈦 | 鈦 |
表面自由能γM | 47.1 | 49.7 | 50.9 | 45.0 | 51.6 |
分散項γM D | 45.0 | 43.0 | 43.0 | 45.0 | 47.8 |
偶極子項γM P | 0.4 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 2.5 |
氫鍵項γM H | 1.7 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 1.1 |
偶極子項比率 γM P ÷γM ×100(%) | 0.85 | 6.4 | 11.0 | 0.0 | 4.8 |
4.實施例1[積層體之製造]
[易接著劑之製備]按下述配方製備易接著劑(固形物濃度4質量%)。稀釋溶劑係使用離子交換水。·丙烯酸樹脂(日本碳化物工業股份有限公司製造,商品名RX7770):85質量份·環氧系交聯劑(三菱瓦斯化學股份有限公司製造,商品名TETRAD-X):7.5質量份·界面活性劑(三洋化成工業股份有限公司製造,商品名Sannonic SS-70):7.5質量份
[具有易接著層之樹脂基材之製造]
使用作為酯交換觸媒之乙酸錳四水合物、作為聚合觸媒之三氧化銻,而合成固有黏度0.60dl/g(35℃,鄰氯苯酚)之聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯(表4中表示為「PEN」)。利用乾燥機將所得之樹脂於170℃乾燥6小時後,投入至擠出機,於熔融溫度300℃進行熔融混練。將樹脂自300℃之模縫擠出後,於表面溫度經設定為25℃之澆鑄滾筒上使之冷卻固化,而製作未延伸膜。將該未延伸膜引導至經加熱至140℃之輥群,於長度方向以3.5倍延伸,利用25℃之輥群加以冷卻。於縱向延伸後之膜的兩面,藉由輥塗機法以最終獲得之積層體中的易接著層之厚度分別成為50nm之方式塗佈上述易接著劑。繼而,一邊以夾頭保持膜之兩端一邊引導至拉幅機內,於經加熱至135℃之氛圍中於橫向以3.5倍延伸。在拉幅機內,於220℃進行40秒鐘之熱固定,於220℃於寬度方向進行1%鬆弛後,均勻地緩冷而冷卻至室溫為止,獲得厚度200μm之雙軸延伸膜。
[接著性樹脂層之形成]
繼而,於所得之雙軸延伸膜的兩面之易接著層之上,藉由擠出層壓法而形成表4所示之組成之接著性樹脂層,獲得積層體。所得之接著性樹脂層各自之厚度為50μm。再者,擠出層壓之條件係設為擠出溫度230℃。
5.實施例2至實施例5及實施例10、以及比較例1至比較例8
除了如表4般變更接著性樹脂層之構成及所使用之金屬構件以外,與實施例1同樣地製造積層體。
6.實施例6
除了按照下述步驟製造具有易接著層之樹脂基材之方面以外,與實施例1同樣地製造積層體。使用作為酯交換觸媒之乙酸錳四水合物、作為聚合觸媒之三氧化銻,而合成固有黏度0.58dl/g(35℃,鄰氯苯酚)之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(表4中表示為「PET」)作為樹脂。利用乾燥機將所得之樹脂於170℃乾燥6小時後,投入至擠出機,於熔融溫度300℃加以熔融混練,自300℃之模縫擠出後,於表面溫度經設定為25℃之澆鑄滾筒上使之冷卻固化,而製作未延伸膜。將該未延伸膜引導至經加熱至140℃之輥群,於長度方向以3.5倍延伸,利用25℃之輥群進行冷卻。繼而,於縱向延伸後之膜的兩面,與實施例1同樣地藉由輥塗機法塗佈易接著劑。繼而,一邊利用夾頭保持膜之兩端一邊引導至拉幅機,於經加熱至135℃之氛圍中於橫向以3.5倍延伸。然後,在拉幅機內於220℃進行40秒鐘之熱固定,於220℃於寬度方向進行1%鬆弛後,均勻地緩冷而冷卻至室溫為止,獲得厚度200μm之雙軸延伸膜。
7.實施例7至實施例9
除了如表4般變更易接著層之構成以外,與實施例1同樣地製造積層體。
8.評價
使用實施例1至實施例10及比較例1至比較例8之積層體,對剝離接著強度及恆定荷重浸漬試驗之掉落時間進行評價。將評價結果彙整顯示於表4。
[剝離接著強度]
將實施例1至實施例10及比較例1至比較例8之積層體分別切割為10mm×20mm之尺寸。於所得之各積層體的兩面之接著性樹脂層,分別加熱壓接按照表4之記載所選擇的板狀之金屬構件,而製作接合體。此時之條件係設為溫度160℃、壓力3.0MPa、壓接時間10秒。另外,於接合體之製作中,對準積層體的長度方向之一端部與金屬構件的長度方向之一端部之位置,將金屬構件加熱壓接於積層體,藉此設置於接合體中的金屬構件的長度方向之另一端部並未接著上接著性樹脂層之部分。然後,於經調溫至25℃之環境放置3天而獲得試片。將所得之試片的兩片金屬構件中未接著有接著性樹脂層之部分分別固定於上下夾頭,測定金屬構件與接著性樹脂層之間之剝離接著強度(N/10mm)。測定條件係設為溫度25℃、拉伸速度30mm/min。
[恆定荷重浸漬試驗之掉落時間(耐溫水性)]
使用鉤子將利用與剝離接著強度相同之順序所製作之試片的其中一金屬構件當中之未接著上接著性樹脂層之部分自上方懸吊,進而,於另一金屬構件中並未接著上接著性樹脂層之部分使用鉤子安裝砝碼,於溫水中施加荷重為0.4N/mm之荷重。將試片與砝碼一併浸漬於95℃之溫水中,測定接著部位剝落而砝碼掉落為止之時間。
[表4]
由表4可知,實施例1至實施例10之積層體相較於比較例1至比較例8之積層體,耐溫水性優異。
[產業可利用性]
本揭示之積層體可用於電氣領域、汽車領域及其他工業領域等各種產業領域,尤其可用於燃料電池等車載用電池領域。
Claims (13)
- 一種積層體,係具有: 樹脂基材; 易接著層,設置於前述樹脂基材的至少一表面;以及 接著性樹脂層,設置於前述易接著層中的相對於前述樹脂基材為相反側之表面; 前述接著性樹脂層含有聚烯烴,前述聚烯烴具有選自由酸性基及酸酐基所組成之群組中的至少一種基,且酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g; 前述積層體係用於將偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%的金屬構件加以接著。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述易接著層之溶解參數大於前述接著性樹脂層之溶解參數並小於前述樹脂基材之溶解參數,前述易接著層之溶解參數與前述接著性樹脂層之溶解參數之差的絕對值為3.0(J/cm3 )1/2 以下。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述易接著層之厚度為8nm至200nm。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度為90℃以上。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,具有:前述易接著層,設置於前述樹脂基材的兩面;以及前述接著性樹脂層,分別設置於前述易接著層中的相對於前述樹脂基材為相反側之表面。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述酸性基包含羧酸基。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述酸酐基包含羧酸酐基。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述聚烯烴含有丙烯單元,相對於聚烯烴,前述丙烯單元之含量為50質量%以上。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述聚烯烴之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至3.0mgKOH/g。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述接著性樹脂層進而含有苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體。
- 如請求項10所記載之積層體,其中相對於前述聚烯烴及前述苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體之合計,前述苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體之含量為20質量%以下。
- 如請求項1所記載之積層體,其中前述接著性樹脂層之酸值為0.01mgKOH/g至6.5mgKOH/g。
- 一種接著方法,係使用積層體將金屬構件加以接著; 前述積層體為如請求項1至12中任一項所記載之前述積層體; 前述金屬構件係偶極子項佔表面自由能之比率為0.01%至5.0%。
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- 2020-09-10 EP EP20868136.1A patent/EP4035892A4/en active Pending
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- 2020-09-10 CN CN202080067011.5A patent/CN114450152B/zh active Active
- 2020-09-10 KR KR1020227008404A patent/KR102613729B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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TW202128919A (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
CN114450152B (zh) | 2023-06-02 |
JP7254670B2 (ja) | 2023-04-10 |
JP2021054880A (ja) | 2021-04-08 |
WO2021059998A1 (ja) | 2021-04-01 |
KR102613729B1 (ko) | 2023-12-19 |
EP4035892A1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
EP4035892A4 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
US20220332980A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
CN114450152A (zh) | 2022-05-06 |
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