TWI716339B - 親水性自消耗連接子及彼等之共軛物 - Google Patents
親水性自消耗連接子及彼等之共軛物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本揭示案提供具有親水性自消耗連接子的化合物,該連接子在適宜條件下可被剪切及結合親水性基團以提供化合物之更好的可溶性。本揭示案之化合物包含藥物部分、能夠靶向選定的細胞群體之靶向部分,及連接子,該連接子含有醯基單元、用於在藥物部分與靶向部分之間提供距離的可選間隔基單元、可在適宜條件下可被剪切之胜肽連接子、親水性自消耗連接子及可選第二自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子。
Description
本申請案主張於2013年12月21日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/745,448號及於2013年3月14日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/785,027號之優先權權益,所有該等申請案以引用之形式全部併入本文。
本發明係在醫藥學領域及提供用於將藥物遞送至細胞群體(cell population)之藥物共軛物,其中藉由內源酶代謝及激活前藥以提供活性藥物。
抗體藥物共軛物(Antibody-drug conjugates;ADC)係治療性藥物(class of therapeutics),該藥物將單株抗體(monoclonal antibodies;mAb)之特異性與細胞毒性分子之效能組合。ADC利用該等兩個組分之特性及藉由最小化全身性暴露量(systemic exposure)及關聯毒性且同時最大化細胞抑制劑(cytotoxic agent)至目標病灶之遞送來顯著擴大細胞毒性分子之治療指數,從而增加治療效果。Brentuximab Vedotin
(SGN-35)係一種與細胞抑制劑MMAE共軛之抗CD30抗體,已批準Brentuximab Vedotin(SGN-35)治療CD30陽性復發性淋巴瘤。
目標抗原選擇、藉由腫瘤細胞的ADC之內化及細胞毒性藥物之效能係用於ADC發展之參數(Carter 2008,Teicher 2009)。此外,為共價結合該等基本組分以形成ADC的化學連接子之設計亦在ADC之發展中起作用(Ducry 2010)。舉例而言,連接子在血液中應為穩定,以限制對健康組織的損傷。ADC之分解或活性衰變可在ADC遞送至目標位點前釋放細胞毒性藥物。然而,一旦ADC到達目標位點,ADC必須以主動形式有效率地釋放細胞毒性藥物。血漿穩定性與靶細胞處之有效藥物釋放之間的平衡還有待探索,該平衡可取決於連接子設計。
在ADC設計中應用至少三種類型連接子,亦即,化學不穩定連接子、酶不穩定連接子及非可剪切之連接子(Ducry 2010)。對於化學不穩定連接子,諸如用於Mylotarg之腙連接子及用於DM1/DM4之含二硫鍵的4-巰基戊酸甲酯,連接子之選擇性剪切及對ADC的有效負載釋放係基於血漿與一些細胞質室(cytoplasmic compartment)之間的連接子之差異特性。連接子在血液中性pH環境中相對穩定,但是一旦ADC進入細胞內部的較低pH環境則連接子可被剪切。活體內試驗表明,化學不穩定連接子經常遭受有限的血漿穩定性。
酶不穩定連接子採取替代途徑(蛋白酶在細胞內部與外部之差異活性)以實現對藥物釋放之控制。由於不利的
pH條件及血清蛋白酶抑制劑之參與,蛋白酶在細胞外部通常並無活性。可經由胜肽鍵將藥物共軛至抗體。在細胞內部存在的溶酶體蛋白酶作用下可將藥物自抗體特定剪切,及在某些腫瘤類型中處於上升水平(Koblinsk等人)。與具有化學不穩定連接子之ADC相比,酶不穩定連接子可實現對藥物釋放之更好的控制。然而,一些酶不穩定連接子之增加的關聯疏水性可導致ADC之聚集,尤其是使用強疏水性藥物。
第三類別連接子係非可剪切之連接子。咸信經由ADC之內化並繼之以溶酶體中抗體組分之降解而發生藥物之釋放,導致仍附著於連接子之藥物之釋放。該等非可剪切之連接子在血清中為穩定,但是與酶不穩定連接子相比,該等連接子不可產生副作用,因為事實上所釋放藥物為帶電且不能擴散至相鄰細胞中。又,因為ADC之內化係針對藥物之釋放的一個因素,效果係抗原(及因此抗體)依賴型。
連接子技術影響ADC效能、特異性及安全。需要用於ADC之連接子,該等連接子可提供血清穩定性以及增加的可溶性,允許疏水性藥物之有效共軛及細胞內遞送。
本揭示案之化合物包含藥物部分、能夠靶向選定的細胞群體之靶向部分及連接子,該連接子含有醯基單元、用於在藥物部分與靶向部分之間提供距離的可選間隔基單元(spacer unit)、可在適宜條件下可剪切之胜肽連接子、親水性自消耗連接子及可選第二自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子。
本揭示案提供化學式(I)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;T係靶向部分;X係親水性自消耗連接子;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(Ia)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、X、L1、L2、L3、L4及A如化學式(I)所界定,且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
本揭示案亦提供化學式(II)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;T係靶向部分;R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵、第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IIa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、L1、L2、L3、L4及A如化學式(II)所界定,且p係1至20。在一
些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IIIa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IVa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(Va)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施
例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
在某些實施例中,化學式(I)-(XII)之化合物係選自本文詳細描述中所描述之或所舉例說明之彼等物種中的一種化合物。
在化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物之某些實施例中,T係抗體靶向分子。在一些實施例中,T係抗體h5F1Ca.1或c5D7。在進一步實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基(例如,經設計以在不存在於母源抗體中之位置處包含半胱胺酸殘基)。在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之Fc區域之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。在一些實施例中,抗體之Fc區域之一或更多個胺基酸殘基處於使用EU編號之位置157、169及/或442處。在化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物之一些實施例中,藉由添加的(例如,設計的)半胱胺酸殘基將D連接至T。
在進一步態樣中,本揭示案提供一種醫藥組合物,該醫藥組合物包含化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)中之至少一種化合物或該化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。根據實施例之醫藥組合物可進一步包含醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。本揭示案亦提供化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)中之一種化合物或該化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽作為藥劑使用。
在另一態樣中,本揭示案提供一種殺死細胞之方法,該方法包含投予細胞一定量足以殺死細胞之化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物。
在另一態樣中,本揭示案提供一種個體中所需要之治療癌症之方法,該方法包含投予個體有效劑量之化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物。
本發明之額外實施例、特徵及優勢將自以下詳細描述及經由本發明之實施顯而易見。
除非另有指示,否則以下術語具有以下意義。任何未定義術語具有技術所辨識之意義。
「烷基」指單價飽和脂肪烴基,具有1至10個碳原子且較佳地具有1至6個碳原子。舉例而言,本術語包括直鏈及支鏈烴基,諸如甲基(CH3-)、乙基(CH3CH2-)、正丙基
(CH3CH2CH2-)、異丙基((CH3)2CH-)、正丁基(CH3CH2CH2CH2-)、異丁基((CH3)2CHCH2-)、第二丁基((CH3)(CH3CH2)CH-)、第三丁基((CH3)3C-)、正戊基(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-)、新戊基((CH3)3CCH2-)及正己基(CH3(CH2)5-)。
「伸烷基」指二價脂肪伸烴基,較佳地具有1至10個碳原子且更佳地具有1至3個碳原子,為直鏈或支鏈。舉例而言,本術語包括亞甲基(-CH2-)、乙烯(-CH2CH2-)、正丙烯(-CH2CH2CH2-)、異丙烯(-CH2CH(CH3)-)、(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2-)、(-C(CH3)2CH2C(O)-)、(C(CH3)2CH2C(O)NH-)、(-CH(CH3)CH2-)及類似者。
「烯基」指直鏈或支鏈烴基,具有2至10個碳原子且較佳地具有2至4個碳原子及具有至少1個位點的雙鍵不飽和性且較佳地具有1至2個位點的雙鍵不飽和性。舉例而言,本術語包括二乙烯基、烯丙基及丁-3-烯-1-基。本術語內部包括順反異構體或該等異構體之混合物。
「伸烯基」指直鏈或支鏈伸烴基,具有2至10個碳原子且較佳地具有2至4個碳原子及具有至少1個位點的雙鍵不飽和性且較佳地具有1至2個位點的雙鍵不飽和性。舉例而言,本術語包括二乙烯基、烯丙基及丁-3-烯-1-基。本術語內部包括順反異構體或該等異構體之混合物。
「炔基」指直鏈或支鏈烴基,具有2至6個碳原子且較佳地具有2至3個碳原子及具有至少1個位點的三鍵不飽和性且較佳地具有1至2個位點的三鍵不飽和性。此類炔
基之實例包括乙炔基(-C≡CH)及炔丙基(-CH2C≡CH)。
「伸炔基」指直鏈或支鏈伸烴基,具有2至6個碳原子且較佳地具有2至3個碳原子及具有至少1個位點的三鍵不飽和性且較佳地具有1至2個位點的三鍵不飽和性。此類炔基之實例包括乙炔基(-C≡CH)及炔丙基(-CH2C≡CH)。
「胺基」指基團-NH2。
「經取代胺基」指基團-NRR,其中每個R獨立選自由以下物質組成的群組中:氫、烷基、經取代烷基、環烷基、經取代環烷基、烯基、經取代烯基、環烯基、經取代環烯基、炔基、經取代炔基、芳基、雜芳基及雜環基,前提條件是至少一個R不為氫。
「芳基」指6至18個碳原子之單價芳族碳環基,具有單環(諸如苯基中所呈現)或具有多個稠環之環系(此類芳族環系統之實例包括萘基、蒽基及二氫茚基),稠環可或不可為芳族,前提條件是附著點穿過芳族環之原子。舉例而言,本術語包括苯基及萘基。除非定義對於芳基取代基另有約束,否則此類芳基可選擇性用1至5個取代基或1至3個取代基取代,該等取代基選自醯氧基、羥基、硫醇、醯基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、環烯基、經取代烷基、經取代烷氧基、經取代烯基、經取代炔基、經取代環烷基、經取代環烯基、胺基、經取代胺基、胺醯基、醯胺基、烷芳基、芳基、芳氧基、疊氮基、羧基、羧基酯、氰基、鹵素、硝基、雜芳基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、胺醯氧基、氧醯胺基、硫烷氧基、經取代硫烷氧基、硫芳氧基、硫雜芳
氧基、磺醯胺基、-SO-烷基、-SO-經取代烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、-SO2-經取代烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-雜芳基及三鹵基甲基。
「環烷基」指3至10個碳原子之環狀烷基,具有單個環狀環或包括稠合、橋式及螺環系之多個環狀環。適宜環烷基之實例包括(例如)金剛烷基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環辛基及類似者。舉例而言,此類環烷基包括諸如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環辛基及類似者之單環結構或諸如金剛烷基及類似者之多環結構。
「雜芳基」指1至15個碳原子之芳族基,諸如選自由氧、氮及環內的硫組成之群組的1至10個碳原子及1至10個雜原子。此類雜芳基可具有單個環(諸如,吡啶基、咪唑基或呋喃基)或環系中的多個稠環(例如成群出現之諸如吲嗪基、喹啉基、苯並呋喃、苯並咪唑基或苯並噻吩基),其中環系內的至少一個環係芳族且環系內的至少一個環係芳族,前提條件是附著點穿過芳族環之原子。在某些實施例中,雜芳基之氮及/或硫環原子選擇性經氧化以提供用於N-氧化物(N→O)、亞磺醯基或磺醯基部分。舉例而言,本術語包括吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基、硫苯基及呋喃基。除非界定對於雜芳基取代基另有約束,否則此類雜芳基可選擇性用1至5個取代基或1至3個取代基取代,該等取代基選自醯氧基、羥基、硫醇、醯基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、環烯基、經取代烷基、經取代烷氧基、經取代烯基、經取代炔基、經取代環烷基、經取代環烯基、胺基、經取代胺基、
胺醯基、醯胺基、烷芳基、芳基、芳氧基、疊氮基、羧基、羧基酯、氰基、鹵素、硝基、雜芳基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、胺醯氧基、氧醯胺基、硫烷氧基、經取代硫烷氧基、硫芳氧基、硫雜芳氧基、磺醯胺基、-SO-烷基、-SO-經取代烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、-SO2-經取代烷基、-SO2-芳基及-SO2-雜芳基及三鹵基甲基。
雜芳基之實例包括(但不限於)吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、噠嗪、吲哚嗪、異吲哚、吲哚、嘌呤、異喹啉、喹啉、呔嗪、萘基吡啶、喹噁啉、喹唑啉、口辛啉、喋啶、哢唑、哢啉、啡啶、吖啶、啡啉、異噻唑、啡嗪、異噁唑、啡噁嗪、啡噻嗪、哌啶、哌嗪、鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、4,5,6,7-四氫苯並[b]噻吩、噻唑、噻吩、苯並[b]噻吩及類似者。
「雜環」、「雜環的」、「雜環烷基」或「雜環基」指飽和或部分不飽和基,該基具有單個環或包括稠合、橋式或螺環系之多個稠環,及具有3至20個環原子,包括1至10個雜原子。該等環原子選自由碳、氮、硫或氧組成之群組中,其中在稠環系統中,環中的一或更多者可為環烷基、芳基或雜芳基,前提條件是附著點穿過非芳族環。在某些實施例中,雜環基之氮及/或硫環原子選擇性經氧化以提供用於N-氧化物、-S(O)-或-SO2-部分。
雜環之實例包括(但不限於)四氫吖唉、二氫吲哚、吲唑、喹嗪、咪唑啶(imidazolidine)、咪唑啉(imidazoline)、哌啶、哌嗪、吲哚啉、1,2,3,4-四氫異喹啉、噻唑烷、嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基(亦稱為噻嗎啉基)、1,1-二氧硫嗎啉基、六氫吡啶
基、吡咯啶、四氫呋喃基及類似者。
在雜芳基或雜環基係「經取代」的情況下,除非界定對於雜芳基或雜環取代基另有約束,否則此類雜芳基或雜環基可用1至5個取代基或1至3個取代基取代,該等取代基選自烷基、經取代烷基、烷氧基、經取代烷氧基、環烷基、經取代環烷基、環烯基、經取代環烯基、醯基、醯胺基、醯氧基、胺基、經取代胺基、胺醯基、胺醯氧基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、氧基、硫酮基、羧基、羧基酯、硫芳氧基、硫雜芳氧基、硫雜環氧基、硫醇、硫烷氧基、經取代硫烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥胺基、烷氧胺基、硝基、磺醯胺基、-SO-烷基、-SO-經取代烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO-雜環基、-SO2-烷基、-SO2-經取代烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-雜芳基及-SO2-雜環基。
「聚伸烷二醇」指直鏈或支鏈聚伸烷二醇聚合體,諸如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇及聚丁二醇。聚伸烷二醇亞單元係單個聚伸烷二醇單元。舉例而言,聚乙二醇亞單元之實例將為乙二醇-O-CH2-CH2-O-或丙二醇-O-CH2-CH2-CH2O-,該鏈終點處用氫封端。聚(伸烷基二醇)之其他實例包括(但不限於)PEG、諸如甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(mPEG)之PEG衍生物、聚(氧化乙烯)、PPG、聚(伸丁二醇)、聚(氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯)或上述之共聚物及組合。
「多元胺」指在單體單元中具有胺官能基之聚合體,將該等聚合體合併至主鏈中(如在聚伸烷亞胺中)或在側基中(如在聚乙烯胺中)。
除本文揭示案之外,當術語「經取代」用於修改指定基團或基時,該術語亦可意謂彼此獨立的指定基團或基之一或更多個氫原子用如下文所界定之相同或不同的取代基團各個替代。
除本文關於個別術語所揭示之基團之外,用於在指定基團或基中的飽和碳原子上取代一或更多個氫(可用=O、=NR70、=N-OR70、=N2或=S替代單個碳上的任兩個氫)的取代基團為(除另有規定外)-R60、鹵基、=O、-OR70、-SR70、-NR80R80、三鹵基甲基、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-NO、-NO2、=N2、-N3、-S(O)R70、-SO2R70、-SO2O-M+、-SO2OR70、-OSO2R70、-OSO2O-M+、-OSO2OR70、-P(O)(O-)2(M+)2、-P(O)(OR70)O-M+、-P(O)(OR70)2、-C(O)R70、-C(S)R70、-C(NR70)R70、-C(O)O-M+、-C(O)OR70、-C(S)OR70、-C(O)NR80R80、-C(NR70)NR80R80、-OC(O)R70、-OC(S)R70、-OC(O)O-M+、-OC(O)OR70、-OC(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)R70、-NR70C(S)R70、-NR70CO2 -M+、-NR70CO2R70、-NR70C(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)NR80R80、-NR70C(NR70)R70及-NR70C(NR70)NR80R80,其中R60選自由以下各基組成之群組中:可選取代烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、雜環烷基烷基、環烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、雜芳基及雜芳基烷基;每個R70獨立為氫或R60;每個R80獨立為R70或或者為兩個R80',與鍵合的氮原子一起使用,形成3員、4員、5員、6員或7員雜環烷基,該雜環烷基可選擇性包括1至4個選自由O、N及S組成的群組中之相同或不同的額外雜原子,其中N可具有-H、C1-C4烷基、-C(O)C1-4烷基、-CO2C1-4
烷基或-SO2C1-4烷基取代;且每個M+係具有淨單個正電荷的平衡離子。舉例而言,每個M+可獨立為鹼離子,諸如K+、Na+、Li+;銨離子,諸如+N(R60)4;或鹼土離子,諸如[Ca2+]0.5、[Mg2+]0.5或[Ba2+]0.5(下標0.5意謂對於此類二價鹼土離子的平衡離子中之一者可為實施例之化合物之離子化形式及諸如氯化物之其他典型平衡離子,或本文所揭示之兩種離子化合物可充當對於此類二價鹼土離子的平衡離子,或實施例之雙重離子化合物可充當對於此類二價鹼土離子的平衡離子)。
除本文揭示案之外,用於在「經取代」烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基中的不飽和碳原子上針對氫的取代基團為(除另有規定外)-R60、鹵基、-O-M+、-OR70、-SR70、-S-M+、-NR80R80、三鹵基甲基、-CF3、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-NO、-NO2、-N3、-S(O)R70、-SO2R70、-SO3 -M+、-SO3R70、-OSO2R70、-OSO3 -M+、-OSO3R70、-PO3 -2(M+)2、-P(O)(OR70)O-M+、-P(O)(OR70)2、-C(O)R70、-C(S)R70、-C(NR70)R70、-CO2 -M+、-CO2R70、-C(S)OR70、-C(O)NR80R80、-C(NR70)NR80R80、-OC(O)R70、-OC(S)R70、-OCO2 -M+、-OCO2R70、-OC(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)R70、-NR70C(S)R70、-NR70CO2 -M+、-NR70CO2R70、-NR70C(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)NR80R80、-NR70C(NR70)R70及-NR70C(NR70)NR80R80,其中R60、R70、R80及M+如先前所界定,前提條件是在經取代烯基或炔基的情況下,取代基不為-O-M+、-OR70、-SR70或-S-M+。
除本文關於個別術語所揭示之取代基團之外,用於在「經取代」雜環烷基及環烷基中的氮原子上針對氫的取代
基團為(除另有規定外)-R60、-O-M+、-OR70、-SR70、-S-M+、-NR80R80、三鹵基甲基、-CF3、-CN、-NO、-NO2、-S(O)R70、-S(O)2R70、-S(O)2O-M+、-S(O)2OR70、-OS(O)2R70、-OS(O)2O-M+、-OS(O)2OR70、-P(O)(O-)2(M+)2、-P(O)(OR70)O-M+、-P(O)(OR70)(OR70)、-C(O)R70、-C(S)R70、-C(NR70)R70、-C(O)OR70、-C(S)OR70、-C(O)NR80R80、-C(NR70)NR80R80、-OC(O)R70、-OC(S)R70、-OC(O)OR70、-OC(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)R70、-NR70C(S)R70、-NR70C(O)OR70、-NR70C(S)OR70、-NR70C(O)NR80R80、-NR70C(NR70)R70及-NR70C(NR70)NR80R80,其中R60、R70、R80及M+如先前所界定。
除本文揭示案之外,在某一實施例中,經取代之基團具有1、2、3或4個取代基,1、2或3個取代基,1或2個取代基,或1個取代基。
應理解,在上文所界定之所有經取代基團中,本文不意欲包括藉由使用進一步取代基取代本身界定取代基(例如,具有作為取代基之經取代芳基基團的經取代芳基,該經取代芳基本身用經取代芳基基團取代,該經取代芳基基團進一步由經取代芳基基團取代,等等)所獲得之聚合體。在此情況下,此類取代之最大數目為三個。舉例而言,本文所特定涵蓋之經取代芳基基團之連續取代受限於經取代芳基-(經取代芳基)-經取代芳基。
除非另有指示,否則本文未明確界定之取代基之命名藉由命名官能基接著朝向附著點的相鄰官能基之末端部分
獲得。舉例而言,取代基「芳基烷基氧羰基」指基團(芳基)-(烷基)-O-C(O)-。
關於本文所揭示之含有一或更多個取代基之任何基團,應理解,毫無疑問,此類基團不含有任何取代或取代型式,該等取代或取代型式在空間上不實用及/或在合成上不可行。另外,標的化合物包括自該等化合物之取代出現的所有立體化學異構體。
術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」意謂對於投予諸如哺乳動物之患者的可接受之鹽(具有平衡離子的鹽,對於給定劑量療法具有可接受之哺乳動物安全性)。此類鹽可衍生自醫藥上可接受之無機或有機鹼及衍生自醫藥上可接受之無機或有機酸。「醫藥上可接受之鹽」指化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽,該等鹽衍生自該技術中所熟知的各種有機及無機平衡離子,且僅舉例而言包括鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂、銨、四烷基銨及類似者;且當分子含有基本官能基時,有機或無機酸之鹽諸如鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、甲酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、乙酸鹽、順丁烯二酸酯、草酸鹽及類似者。
術語「彼之鹽」意謂當酸之質子由陽離子替代時所形成之化合物,該陽離子諸如金屬陽離子或有機陽離子及類似者。在可適用的情況下,鹽係醫藥上可接受之鹽,但是對於不意欲投予患者之中間化合物之鹽不需要為醫藥上可接受之鹽。舉例而言,呈現化合物之鹽包括由無機或有機酸質子化以形成陽離子之化合物中的彼等鹽,具有無機或有機酸之共軛鹼作為鹽之陰離子組分。
「溶劑合物」指由溶劑分子與溶質之分子或離子組合形成之錯合物。溶劑可為有機化合物、無機化合物或兩者之混合物。溶劑之一些實例包括(但不限於)甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、四氫呋喃、二甲亞碸及水。當溶劑為水時,所形成的溶劑合物為水合物。
「立體異構體(stereoisomer)」及「立體異構體(stereoisomers)」指空間上具有相同原子連接性但具有不同原子排列之化合物。立體異構體包括順式-反式異構體、E與Z異構體、對映異構體及非對映異構體。
「互變異構體」指僅在原子之電子鍵中及/或在質子之位置中不同的分子之替代形式,諸如烯醇-酮及亞胺-烯胺互變異構體;或含有-N=C(H)-NH-環原子排列的雜芳基之互變異構形式,諸如吡唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、三唑及四唑。一般技術者應將辨識出其他互變異構環原子排列係可能的。
應將瞭解,術語「彼之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體」意欲包括鹽、溶劑合物及立體異構體之所有排列,諸如標的化合物之立體異構體之醫藥上可接受之鹽之溶劑合物。
如本文所使用,藥物、化合物、共軛物、藥物共軛物、抗體藥物共軛物或醫藥組合物之「有效劑量」或「有效量」係足以影響有益或所欲結果之量。對於預防性使用,有益或所欲結果包括諸如消除或減小疾病風險、減輕疾病嚴重程度或延遲疾病發作之結果,包括疾病之生物化學症狀、組織學症狀及/或行為症狀、併發症及疾病發展期間呈現的中間病理表型。對於治療性使用,有益或所欲結果包括諸如減少
由疾病引起的一或更多個症狀、提高罹患疾病之彼等患者之生活品質、減少治療疾病所需其他藥物之劑量、諸如經由靶向增強另一藥物之功效、延遲疾病進程及/或延長存活時間之臨床結果。在癌症或腫瘤的情況下,藥物之有效量可具有以下效果:減少癌細胞數目;減小腫瘤大小;抑制(亦即,在某種程度上放緩且較佳地停止)癌細胞浸潤至周邊器官中;抑制(亦即,在某種程度上放緩且較佳地停止)腫瘤轉移;在某種程度上抑制腫瘤成長;及/或在某種程度上減輕與失調症關聯的症狀中之一或更多者。可在一或更多次給藥中投予有效劑量。針對本揭示案之目的,藥物、化合物或醫藥組合物之有效劑量係足以直接或間接完成預防性或治療性治療之量。與臨床情境中所理解的相同,藥物、化合物或醫藥組合物之有效劑量可或不可結合另一藥物、化合物或醫藥組合物來實現。因此,可在投予一或更多個治療劑之情境中考慮「有效劑量」,且若結合一或更多個其他藥劑可實現或實現理想結果,則可考慮以有效量給予單個藥劑。
如本文所使用,「結合」指給予一種治療模態外加另一治療模態。因此,「結合」指在其他治療模態給予前、給予期間或給予後將一種治療模態給予個體。
如本文所使用,「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」係用於獲得有益或所欲結果之途徑,該等結果包括且較佳為臨床結果。針對本揭示案之目的,有益或所欲臨床結果包括(但不限於)以下結果中之一或更多者:減少癌細胞之增殖(或消滅癌細胞)、減少由疾病引起之症狀、提高罹患疾病
之彼等患者之生活品質、減少治療疾病所需其他藥物之劑量、延遲疾病進程及/或延長個體之存活時間。
如本文所使用,「延遲疾病之發展」意謂延緩、阻礙、減緩、阻滯、延遲、穩定化及/或推遲疾病(諸如癌症)之發展。此延遲可具有不同的時間長度,取決於疾病史及/或正經治療之個體。如對熟習此項技術者顯而易見的是,足夠或明顯的延遲可有效含有阻止之意,因為個體之疾病並未發展。舉例而言,可延遲晚期癌症,諸如轉移之發展。
「個體」或「標的」係哺乳動物,更佳地為人類。哺乳動物亦包括(但不限於)家畜、競技動物、寵物(諸如貓類、犬類、馬匹)、靈長類動物、小鼠及大鼠。
如本文所使用,術語「特定辨識」或「特定鍵合」指可量測及可再生互動,諸如靶與抗體(或分子或部分)之間的吸引或鍵合,此舉在有包括生物分子的分子之異質群體參與的情況下決定靶之呈現。舉例而言,特定或優先鍵合至抗原決定部位之抗體係鍵合此抗原決定部位比鍵合至靶或非靶抗原決定部位之其他抗原決定部位具有更大親合力、更大活動性、更輕易及/或具有更長持續時間之抗體。亦應理解,舉例而言,特定或優先鍵合至第一靶之抗體(或部分或抗原決定部位)可或不可特定或優先鍵合至第二靶。因此,「特定鍵合」或「優先鍵合」不必需有(儘管可包括)獨佔鍵合。特定鍵合至靶之抗體可具有至少約103M-1或104M-1之締合常數,該締合常數有時約105M-1或106M-1,在其他實例中約106M-1或107M-1,約108M-1至109M-1或約1010M-1至1011M-1
或更高。各種免疫測定格式可用於選擇使用特定蛋白質之特定免疫活性的抗體。舉例而言,固相ELISA免疫測定係常用於選擇使用蛋白質之特定免疫活性的單株抗體。請參看,例如,Harlow and Lane(1988)Antibodies,A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Publications,New York,用於描述可用於決定特定免疫反應性之免疫測定格式及條件。
如本文所使用,術語「癌症」、「腫瘤」、「癌性」及「惡性」指示或描述哺乳動物中之生理病症,該病症通常以無限制細胞成長為特徵。癌症之實例包括(但不限於)癌瘤,包括腺癌、淋巴瘤、細胞瘤、黑素瘤及肉瘤。此類癌症之更多特定實例包括鱗狀細胞癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、肺腺癌、肺鱗狀細胞癌、腸胃癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤及非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、胰腺癌、神經膠母細胞瘤、宮頸癌、神經膠質瘤、卵巢癌、諸如肝癌瘤及肝細胞瘤之肝癌、膀胱癌、乳癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮內膜或子宮癌瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、諸如腎細胞癌瘤及韋爾姆斯氏腫瘤之腎癌、基底細胞癌、黑素瘤、間皮瘤、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、睾丸癌、食道癌、膽囊癌及各種類型頭部及頸部癌症。
如本文所使用及在隨附申請專利範圍中所使用,除非上下文另有清楚指示,否則單數形式之「一(a)」、「一(an)」及「該」包括複數提及。舉例而言,提及之「抗體」係提及之諸如莫耳量之一至多個抗體,且包括為熟習此項技術者所知的彼等當量等等。
本文提及之「約」值或參數包括(及描述)本身針
對彼值或參數之實施例。舉例而言,提及之「約X」之描述包括「X」之描述。
應理解,本文所描述之本發明之態樣及變化包括「包含」及/或「基本包含」態樣及變化。
除非另有界定,否則本文所使用之所有技術術語及科學術語具有與本發明所屬之技術領域中之一般技術者通常所理解的相同的意義。儘管亦可將與本文所描述之彼等方法及材料類似或等效的任何方法及材料用於本發明之實施或測試中,但現將描述較佳方法及材料。本文所論及之所有專利公開案將以引用之方式併入本文以結合該等專利公開案所引用的內容揭示及描述方法及/或材料。
除非另有說明,根據技術中熟知的習知方法及如各種一般及更特定之貫穿本說明書引用及論述之參考中所描述的大體執行本發明實施例之方法及技術。請參看,例如,Loudon,Organic Chemistry,第4版,New York:Oxford University Press,2002,第360頁至第361頁,第1084頁至第1085頁;Smith and March,March's Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,第5版,Wiley-Interscience,2001。
在本文之實例中將說明本文用於命名標的化合物之命名法。大體上已使用市售AutoNom軟體(MDL,San Leandro,Calif)衍生此命名法。
應瞭解,為清晰之目的於獨立實施例之上下文中所描述之本發明之某些特徵亦可在單個實施例中組合提供。相
反,為簡潔之目的於單個實施例之上下文中所描述之本發明之各種特徵亦可單獨或以任何適宜子組合提供。本發明特定包含關於由變數表示的化學基團之實施例之所有組合,本文揭示該等組合恰如個別及明確揭示每個及每一組合,從而此類組合包含係穩定化合物之化合物(亦即,可針對生物活性隔離、特徵化及測試化合物)。另外,本發明亦特定包含描述此類變數之實施例中所列出的化學基團之所有子組合,且本文揭示該等子組合恰如本文個別及明確揭示化學基團之每個及每一此類子組合。
第1圖圖示本發明實施例之某些ADC之反相HPLC特性。第1(A)圖圖示針對h5F1Ca.1/Tap-18H之色譜。第1(B)圖圖示針對h5F1Ca.1/MMAE之色譜。
第2圖圖示h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H在活體內抵抗胃癌SNU-16之抗腫瘤活性。
第3圖圖示h5F1Ca.1共軛ADC在活體內抵抗胃癌SNU-16之抗腫瘤活性。
第4圖圖示c5D7共軛ADC在活體內抵抗結腸直腸癌DLD-1之抗腫瘤活性。
第5圖圖示Tap-18H之NMR光譜。
第6圖圖示Tap-18Hr1之NMR光譜。
第7圖圖示Tap-18Hr2之NMR光譜。
本揭示案提供具有親水性自消耗連接子的化合物,該連接子在適宜條件下可被剪切及合併親水性基團以提供化合物之更好的可溶性。親水性自消耗連接子可為經常疏水之細胞毒性藥物提供藥物共軛物之增加的可溶性。在藥物共軛物中使用親水性自消耗連接子之其他優勢包括藥物共軛物之增加的穩定性及藥物共軛物之減少的聚集性。
本揭示案提供可具有優越血清穩定性的藥物共軛物。舉例而言,與經由在水溶液緩衝劑或人類血清中對快速水解敏感的不穩定碳酸鹽鍵連將藥物之羥基連接至間隔基的藥物共軛物對比,在相同條件下使用苯甲氧羰基鍵連的本發明實施例之藥物共軛物可相對更加穩定,且本發明實施例之藥物共軛物可選擇性經歷斷裂以在使用蛋白酶(例如,組織蛋白酶B)治療後釋放藥物。血清穩定性係藥物共軛物之理想特性,其中需要將非活性藥物投予患者血清中,使得彼非
活性藥物集中於靶上作為配位體,及隨後使得彼藥物共軛物轉換成僅位於靶附近的活性形式。
本揭示案提供可具有減少的聚集之藥物共軛物。一些酶不穩定連接子之增加的關聯疏水性可導致藥物共軛物之聚集,尤其是使用強疏水藥物。隨著親水性基團合併至連接子中,可存在藥物共軛物之減少的聚集。
本揭示案之化合物包含藥物部分、能夠靶向選定細胞群體之靶向部分及連接子,該連接子含有醯基單元、用於在藥物部分與靶向部分之間提供距離的可選間隔基單元、可在適宜條件下可被剪切之胜肽連接子、親水性自消耗連接子及可選第二自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子。下文將論述該等特徵中之各者。
本揭示案提供化學式(I)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;T係靶向部分;X係親水性自消耗連接子;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;
L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元。
在一些實施例中,靶向部分具有一或更多個附著位點用於連接藥物部分。舉例而言,靶向部分T可具有多個位點用於連接至連接子藥物部分(例如,A-L4-L3-L2-X-L1-D)。因此,亦提供化學式(Ia)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、X、L1、L2、L3、L4及A如化學式(I)所界定,且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。在一些實施例中,p係2。在一些實施例中,p係3。在一些實施例中,p係4。
在化學式(I)中,L3係胜肽連接子。在某些實施例中,L3係1至10個胺基酸殘基之胜肽連接子。在某些實施例中,L3係2至4個胺基酸殘基之胜肽連接子。在某些實例中,L3係雙胜肽連接子。
胺基酸殘基可為天然產生之胺基酸殘基或非天然胺基酸殘基。術語「天然胺基酸」及「天然產生之胺基酸」指Ala、Asp、Cys、Glu、Phe、Gly、His、Ile、Lys、Leu、Met、Asn、Pro、Gln、Arg、Ser、Thr、Val、Trp及Tyr。「非天然
胺基酸」(亦即,非天然產生之胺基酸)包括(作為非限制性實例)高絲胺酸、高精胺酸、瓜胺酸、苯基甘胺酸、胺基乙磺酸、碘酪胺酸、硒基-半胱胺酸、正白胺酸(「Nle」)、正纈胺酸(「Nva」)、β-丙胺酸、L-或D-萘胺酸、鳥胺酸(「Orn」)及類似者。
胺基酸亦包括D形式之天然及非天然胺基酸。「D-」指定具有「D」(右旋)組態的胺基酸,與天然產生之(「L-」)胺基酸中的組態相反。在沒有指示特定組態的情況下,熟習此項技術者應將理解,胺基酸為L-胺基酸。然而,胺基酸亦可在D-及L-組態之外消旋混合物中。可購得天然及非天然胺基酸(Sigma Chemical Co.;Advanced Chemtech)或使用技術中的已知方法合成該等胺基酸。只要保持生物活性,便可基於極性、電荷、可溶性、疏水性、親水性及/或殘基之兩親性的相似性實行胺基酸取代。
可特製胺基酸殘基序列,使得該胺基酸殘基將藉由腫瘤相關蛋白酶中之一或更多者從所得胜肽基衍生藥物共軛物中選擇性地酶性裂解。
在某些實施例中,L3係包含至少一個離胺酸或精胺酸殘基的胜肽連接子。
在某些實施例中,L3係包含選自以下物質的胺基酸殘基之胜肽連接子:離胺酸、D-離胺酸、瓜胺酸、精胺酸、脯胺酸、組胺酸、鳥胺酸及麩醯胺酸。
在某些實施例中,L3係包含選自以下物質的胺基酸殘基之胜肽連接子:纈胺酸、異白胺酸、苯丙胺酸、甲硫胺
酸、天冬醯胺酸、脯胺酸、丙胺酸、白胺酸、色胺酸及酪胺酸。
在某些實施例中,L3係選自以下物質之雙胜肽連接子:纈胺酸-瓜胺酸、脯胺酸-離胺酸、甲硫胺酸-D-離胺酸、天冬醯胺酸-D-離胺酸、異白胺酸-脯胺酸、苯丙胺酸-離胺酸及纈胺酸-離胺酸。在某些實施例中,L3係纈胺酸-瓜胺酸。
可設計適合於本揭示案使用之眾多具體胜肽連接子分子及可藉由特定腫瘤相關蛋白酶最佳化該等胜肽連接子分子對於酶性裂解之選擇。本揭示案中所使用之某些胜肽連接子係對於蛋白酶、組織蛋白酶B及D經最佳化之彼等胜肽連接子。
在化學式(I)中,X係親水性自消耗連接子。
本揭示案之化合物使用親水性自消耗間隔基部分,該間隔基部分間隔且共價連接藥物部分及靶向部分及合併親水性基團,此舉提供化合物之更好的可溶性。一些酶不穩定連接子之增加的關聯疏水性可導致藥物共軛物之聚集,尤其是使用強疏水藥物。隨著親水性基團合併至連接子中,可存在藥物共軛物之減少的聚集。
可將自消耗間隔基界定為雙官能化學部分,該雙官能化學部分能夠共價連接兩個間隔化學部分成為通常穩定的三部分分子,該自消耗間隔基可經由酶性裂解從三部分分子中釋放間隔化學部分中之一者;且在酶性裂解後,該自消耗間隔基可自分子之剩餘物自發裂解以釋放間隔化學部分中之
其他者。
在此實例中,本揭示案提供化學式(II)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;T係靶向部分;R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵、第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;
L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IIa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、L1、L2、L3、L4及A如化學式(II)所界定,且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。在一些實施例中,p係2。在一些實施例中,p係3。在一些實施例中,p係4。
在化學式(II)或(IIa)之某些實施例中,R1係氫。在某些實例中,R1係甲基。
藥物部分之釋放係基於胺苯甲氧羰基之自消除反應。出於說明之目的,下文圖示具有藥物及胜肽附著之胺苯甲氧羰基的反應流程。
參看流程1,在自胜肽裂解之後,形成胺苯甲氧羰基且胺苯甲氧羰基能夠經歷自發1,6消除以形成環己-2,5-雙亞胺衍生物及二氧化碳,並釋放藥物。
第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子提供額外連接子用於允許仔細調諧化合物之裂解以釋放藥物部分。
在化學式(I)或(Ia)中,L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;及其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵。因此,存在與親水性自消耗連接子相鄰的可選第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子。
在某些實施例中,L1係鍵及L2係鍵。在某些實施例中,L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子及L2係鍵。在某些實施例中,L1係鍵及L2係第二自消耗連接子。
在化學式(I)或(Ia)中,在某些實施例中,L1係鍵。
在某些實施例中,L1係第二自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子,該間隔基或連接子分離親水性自消耗連接子與藥物部分。在某些實施例中,L1係胺苯甲氧羰基連接子。
在某些實例中,第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子提供設計潛在用於可使用的更多種類之部分。舉例而言,在化學式(II)或(IIa)中,在親水性自消耗連接子與藥物部分之間鍵連的胺基甲酸酯鍵連(-O-C(O)-N(H)-)應將提供穩定的藥物共軛物及應將易於裂解以提供游離藥物部分。親水性自消耗連接子通常將使用氧羰基(-O-C(O)-)終止。若藥物部分具有胺基活性基團,該胺基活性基團可用於反應以形成胺基甲酸酯基團,則不需要第二自消耗單元或環化自消除連接子;但是仍可使用第二自消耗單元或環化自消除連接子。然
而,若藥物不含有胺基,但反而含有一些其他反應性官能基,則此類藥物仍可藉由在藥物部分與胺苯甲氧羰基之間包括第二中間物自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子經合併至本發明實施例之含有胺苯甲氧羰基的化合物中。
實施例之化合物中的環化自消除連接子提供用於化合物之裂解以釋放藥物部分。相鄰親水性自消耗連接子之消除機構將揭示L1之胺基。胺基隨後可與L1之胺基甲酸酯基團或硫胺基甲酸酯鍵連及環化反應中的藥物部分反應,以釋放含有羥基或含有硫醇的藥物部分。
在化學式(I)或(Ia)中,在某些實施例中,L2係鍵。在某些實施例中,L2係第二自消耗間隔基,該第二自消耗間隔基分離親水性自消耗連接子與胜肽連接子。在某些實施例中,L2係胺苯甲氧羰基連接子。
在化學式(I)或(Ia)中,L4係鍵或間隔基。在某些實施例中,L4係鍵。在某些實施例中,L4係間隔基,該間隔基可提供在藥物部分與靶向部分之間的距離。
在某些實施例中,間隔基選自烷基、經取代烷基、烯基、經取代烯基、炔基、經取代炔基、芳基、經取代芳基、環烷基、經取代環烷基、雜芳基、經取代雜芳基、雜環基、經取代雜環基及雜原子,以及上述各者之組合。間隔基在原子內容物(例如,間隔基僅含有碳原子或間隔基含有碳原子以及間隔基上所呈現之一或更多個雜原子)中可為均勻或不均勻。較佳地,間隔基含有1至50個碳原子及選自氧、氮及
硫的0至30個雜原子。間隔基亦可為對掌性或非對掌性、直鏈、支鏈或環狀。
在某些實施例中,L4係選自聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基及多元胺的間隔基。伸烯基之實例包括(但不限於)伸乙烯基(-CH=CH-)、丙炔(-CH2C=C-)及伸丁-3-烯-1-基(-CH2CH2C=CH-)。伸烯基之實例包括(但不限於)伸乙炔基(-C≡C-)及伸丙炔基(-CH2C≡C-)。
在某些實施例中,L4係包含官能基的間隔基,該官能基可提供鍵連至胜肽鍵之終端。諸如C(O)、C(O)-NH、S(O)2及S(O)2-NH之官能基可提供鍵連至胜肽鍵之終端。在某些實例中,L4係L4a-C(O)、L4a-C(O)-NH、L4a-S(O)2、L4a-S(O)2-NH,其中L4a選自聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基及多元胺。在某些實例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a選自聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基及多元胺。
在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係聚伸烷二醇。在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係聚乙二醇。在某些實施例中,間隔基具有化學式-CH2-(CH2-O-CH2)m-CH2-C(O)-,其中m係0至30的整數。
在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係伸烷基。在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係C1-10伸烷基、C1-8伸烷基或C1-6伸烷基。在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係C4伸烷基、C5伸烷基或C6伸烷基。在某些實施例中,L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係C5伸烷基。
在化學式(I)或(Ia)中,A係醯基單元。在某些實施例中,醯基單元「A」包含硫原子及經由自靶向部分衍生之硫原子連接至靶向部分。在此實例中,在醯基單元與靶向部分之間形成二硫基鍵。
本發明實施例之藥物共軛物在對應藥物有效的情況下對於通常目的有效,且具有優良的功效,因為靶向部分中所固有的能力能夠將藥物傳送至所欲細胞,該藥物在所欲細胞中具有特定益處。
本發明實施例中所使用之較佳藥物係細胞毒性藥物,諸如用於癌症治療之彼等細胞毒性藥物。此類藥物大體上包括DNA損傷劑、抗代謝物、天然產物及類似物。細胞抑制劑之某些類別包括(例如)諸如二氫葉酸還原酶抑制劑之酶抑制劑、胸苷酸合成酶抑制劑、DNA嵌入劑、DNA裂解劑、拓撲異構酶抑制劑、蒽環類藥物、長春花類藥物、絲裂黴素、博來黴素、細胞毒素核苷、喋啶類藥物、亞二炔類、鬼臼毒
素、分化誘導劑及紫杉醇鹼。彼等類別之某些有用組員包括(例如)甲胺喋呤、甲基葉酸、二氯甲胺喋呤、5-氟脲嘧啶、6-巰基嘌呤、阿糖胞苷、美法侖、環氧長春鹼、洛諾西丁(leurosideine)、放線菌素、道諾黴素、阿黴素、絲裂黴素C、絲裂黴素A、洋紅黴素、胺基蝶呤、他利黴素、鬼臼毒素及鬼臼毒素衍生物(諸如依託泊苷或依託泊苷磷酸鹽)、長春鹼、長春新鹼、長春鹼醯胺、紫杉醇鹼、多西紫杉醇維甲酸、丁酸、N8-乙醯基亞精胺、喜樹鹼及類似物。其他藥物包括尾海兔素及倍癌毒素(duocarmycin)。
熟習此項技術者可對所欲化合物實行化學修改,以便使得彼化合物之反應更加便利以意欲用於製備本發明之共軛物。
在某些實施例中,D係具有化學反應性官能基的藥物部分,經由該官能基將藥物鍵合至L1或X。在某些實例中,官能基選自一級胺、二級胺、羥基及氫硫基。在某些實例中,官能基係一級胺或二級胺。在某些實例中,官能基係羥基。在某些實例中,官能基係氫硫基。
如上文所論述的,親水性自消耗連接子通常將使用氧羰基(-O-C(O)-)終止。因此,含有胺基的藥物部分將易於與氧羰基反應以形成胺基甲酸酯基團。在某些實施例中,D係含有胺基的藥物部分,其中將該藥物經由胺基連接至L1或X。
然而,若藥物部分並未含有胺基,則L1之第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子可提供設計潛在用於可使用的更多種類之部分。在某些實施例中,D係含有羥基或含有氫
硫基的藥物部分,其中將該藥物經由羥基或氫硫基連接至L1。
代表性含有胺基的藥物包括絲裂黴素-C、絲裂黴素-A、道諾黴素、阿黴素、胺基蝶呤、放線菌素、博來黴素、9-胺基喜樹鹼、N8-乙醯基亞精胺、1-(2-氯乙基)-1,2-二甲磺醯基醯肼、他利黴素、阿糖胞苷、尾海兔素及彼等之衍生物。含有胺基的藥物亦包括非天然含有胺基之藥物之胺基衍生物。在某些實施例中,D係倍癌毒素、尾海兔素、微管蛋白(tubulysin)、阿黴素(doxorubicin;DOX)、紫杉醇或絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C;MMC)或彼等之胺基衍生物。
代表性含有羥基的藥物包括依託泊苷、喜樹鹼、紫杉醇鹼、埃斯培拉黴素、1,8-二羥基-二環[7.3.1]十三-4-9-二烯-2,6-二炔-13-酮、(美國專利案第5,198,560號)、鬼臼毒素、蛇形菌素(anguidine)、長春新鹼、長春鹼、嗎啉-阿黴素、正-(5,5-雙乙酸基-戊基)阿黴素、倍癌毒素及彼等之衍生物。
代表性含有氫硫基的藥物包括埃斯培拉黴素及6-巰基嘌呤及彼等之衍生物。
本揭示案中所描述之靶向部分指與給定細胞群體特定鍵合、錯合、反應或關聯之部分或分子。舉例而言,靶向部分可與同給定細胞群體關聯之接受性部分或受體特定鍵合、錯合、反應及關聯(例如,給定細胞群體尋求治療性治療或其他方式的生物學修改)。在本文所描述之共軛物中,本文所描述之靶向部分經由連接子連接至共軛物中的藥物部分。在一些實施例中,靶向部分能夠傳送藥物部分(例如,用於治療性目的之藥物部分)至特定靶細胞群體,該特定靶細胞群體與該靶向部分鍵合、錯合、反應或關聯。
靶向部分可包括(例如)諸如(例如)抗體之大分子量蛋白質、小分子量蛋白質、多胜肽或胜肽及非胜肽基部分。本文所描述之蛋白質、多胜肽或胜肽部分可包括(例如)轉鐵蛋白、血清白蛋白、表皮成長因子(epidermal growth factors;「EGF」)、鈴蟾胜肽、胃泌素、胃泌素釋放胜肽、血小板衍生成長因子、IL-2、IL-6、諸如TGF-α及TGF-β之腫瘤成長因子(tumor growth factors;「TGF」)、痘苗病毒成長因子(vaccinia growth factor;「VGF」)、胰島素及類胰
島素成長因子I及II。非胜肽基部分可包括(例如)碳水化合物、凝集素及來自低密度脂蛋白之脫輔基蛋白。某些實施例中的蛋白質、抗體、多胜肽或胜肽可指未修改形式、為在本文所描述之共軛物中使用之已修改形式(諸如用於鍵合至連接子)或本文所描述之共軛物中的部分。
在一些實施例中,靶向部分係抗體(或抗體部分或抗體靶向部分)。在一些實施例中,靶向部分包含抗體。在一些實施例中,靶向部分包含氫硫基(-SH)基團(例如,自由反應性氫硫基(-SH)基團)或可經修改以包含此氫硫基。在一些實施例中,靶向部分包含具有氫硫基(例如,自由反應性氫硫基)的抗體。在一些實施例中,靶向部分包含自由硫基(諸如具有自由硫醇基的抗體)或可經修改以包含此硫醇基。在一些實施例中,包含氫硫基或硫醇基的靶向部分經由氫硫基中的硫原子鍵合至連接子。
在一些實施例中,靶向部分(例如,抗體靶向部分)具有一或更多個附著位點用於連接至藥物部分。舉例而言,靶向部分T(例如,抗體)可具有多個位點(例如,多個氫硫基)用於連接至連接子藥物部分(例如,A-L4-L3-L2-X-L1-D,其中A適合於鍵合至靶向抗體之氫硫基)。在一些實施例中,靶向部分可具有1至20個附著之位點。在一些實施例中,靶向部分可具有1至20、1至10、1至8、1至6、1至4、2至8、2至4或2至4個附著之位點。在一些實施例中,靶向部分具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8個附著之位點。在一些實施例中,靶向部分具有2個附著之位點。在一些實施例中,
靶向部分具有1個附著之位點。在一些實施例中,靶向部分具有4個附著之位點。在一些實例中,附著之某些潛在位點不可易於鍵合至藥物部分。因此,靶向部分T中的附著位點之數目可導致具有附著的藥物部分之數目比附著之潛在位點之數目更少的藥物共軛物。在一些實施例中,附著之位點中的一或更多者可易於鍵合藥物部分。舉例而言,抗體靶向部分可在抗體之每個鏈上具有一或兩個氫硫基,可易於經由連接子鍵合至藥物部分。
在一些實施例中,靶向部分係抗體或抗體靶向部分。本文所描述之抗體指經由至少一個抗原識別位點能夠特定鍵合至靶(諸如碳水化合物、聚核苷酸、脂質、多胜肽等等)的位於免疫球蛋白分子之可變區中之免疫球蛋白分子。如本文所使用,術語「抗體」不僅含有無損傷多株抗體或單株抗體之意,而且含有彼等抗原鍵合片段(諸如Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fv)、單鏈(ScFv)、彼等突變體、包含抗體部分的融合蛋白質及包含抗原識別位點的免疫球蛋白分子之任何其他修改組態之意。抗體包括任何類別之抗體,諸如IgG、IgA或IgM(或彼等子類別),且該抗體不必具有任何特定類別。取決於重鏈之恆定域之抗體胺基酸序列,可將免疫球蛋白指定給不同類別。存在五個主要類別的免疫球蛋白:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG及IgM,且該等免疫球蛋白之若干者可進一步分為子類別(同型),例如,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1及IgA2。對應於免疫球蛋白之不同類別的重鏈恆定域分別稱為α、δ、ε、γ及μ。熟知免疫球蛋白之不同類別之亞單位
結構及三維組態。
本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用的抗體(或抗體靶向部分)可含有單株抗體、多株抗體、抗體片段(例如,Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fv、Fc等等)、嵌合抗體、人源化抗體、人類抗體(例如,完整人類抗體)、單鏈(ScFv)、雙特異性抗體、多特異性抗體、彼等突變體、包含抗體部分的融合蛋白質及包含所需特異性之抗原識別位點的免疫球蛋白分子之任何其他修改組態之意。抗體可為鼠類、大鼠、駱駝、人類或任何其他來源(包括人源化抗體)。在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所使用的抗體(或抗體靶向部分)係以下抗體中之任一者:雙特異性抗體、多特異性抗體、單鏈抗體、雙官能抗體及嵌合與人源化分子,該等抗體對由抗體之至少一個高變區(hypervariable region;HVR)或互補決定區(complementarity determining region;CDR)授權的多胜肽具有親合力。本揭示案中所使用之抗體亦包括單域抗體,該等抗體係抗體重鏈之可變域或者抗體輕鏈之可變域。Holt等人,Trends Biotechnol.21:484-490,2003。亦已知此項技術中製備包含抗體重鏈之可變域或者抗體輕鏈之可變域的域抗體之方法,該等域抗體含有抗體中六個天然產生之HVR或CDR中的三個。請參看,例如,Muyldermans,Rev.Mol.Biotechnol.74:277-302,2001。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)係單株抗體。如本文所使用,單株抗體指實質均勻抗體之抗體,亦即,除可能天然產
生之可少量呈現的突變外,包含群體的個別抗體相同。此外,與通常針對不同決定因素(抗原決定部位)包括不同抗體的多株抗體製備對比,單株抗體並非分散抗體之混合物。調節劑「單株」指示抗體之特徵為從抗體之實質均勻群體中獲得,且不被看作需要藉由任何特定方法生產抗體。舉例而言,本揭示案中所使用之單株抗體可藉由Kohler及Milstein,1975,Nature,256:495首次描述之融合瘤方法製備,或可藉由諸如美國專利案第4,816,567號中所描述之重組DNA方法製備。單株抗體亦可與使用(例如)McCafferty等人1990年在Nature,348:552-554中所描述之技術所產生的噬菌體抗體庫隔離。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)係嵌合抗體。如本文所使用,嵌合抗體指具有來自第一物種之可變區或可變區的部分及來自第二物種之恆定區之抗體。無損傷嵌合抗體包含嵌合輕鏈之兩個複本及嵌合重鏈之兩個複本。在此項技術中已知嵌合抗體之生產(Cabilly等人(1984),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:3273-3277;Harlow及Lane(1988),Antibodies:a Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)。通常,在該等嵌合抗體中,輕鏈及重鏈兩者之可變區模擬自哺乳動物之一個物種衍生之抗體之可變區,而恆定部分與自另一物種衍生之抗體中的序列同源。此類嵌合形式之一種明顯優勢在於(例如)可使用可易於取得之融合瘤或來自非人類宿主有機體的B細胞與自(例如)人類細胞製備衍生之恆定區結合便於自目前已知的來源衍生可變區。儘管可變區具有易於
製備之優勢,且特異性不受來源影響,但是當注射抗體時人類恆定區自人類標的引起免疫反應比非人類來源之恆定區原本引起免疫反應的可能性更少。然而,該界定並不受限於此特定實例。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)係人源化抗體。如本文所使用,人源化抗體指非人類(例如,鼠類)抗體之形式,該等非人類抗體係特定嵌合免疫球蛋白、免疫球蛋白鏈或彼等片段(諸如Fv、Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2或抗體之其他抗原鍵合子序列),該等片段含有自非人類免疫球蛋白衍生之最小序列。在很大部分上,人源化抗體係人類免疫球蛋白(接受體抗體),其中自接受體之HVR或CDR之殘基由自諸如小鼠、大鼠或兔子之非人類物種(供體抗體)之HVR或CDR之殘基替代,該人源化抗體具有所欲特異性、親合力及容量。在一些實例中,人類免疫球蛋白之Fv構架區(framework region;FR)殘基由對應非人類殘基替代。此外,人源化抗體可包含在接受體抗體及輸入HVR或CDR或構架序列中皆無法找到之殘基,但包括該等殘基以進一步改善及最佳化抗體效能。大體而言,人源化抗體將包含實質上所有至少一個且通常兩個可變域,其中所有或實質上所有HVR或CDR區對應於非人類免疫球蛋白之彼等區且所有或實質上所有FR區係人類免疫球蛋白一致序列之彼等區。人源化抗體最佳亦將包含免疫球蛋白恆定區或恆定域(Fc)中之至少一部分,通常為人類免疫球蛋白之彼恆定區或恆定域。抗體可具有如WO 99/58572中
所描述之修改之Fc區。人源化抗體之其他形式具有一或更多個HVR或CDR(一個、兩個、三個、四個、五個、六個),關於原始抗體改變該等HVR或CDR,此亦稱為一或更多個HVR或CDR「衍生自」原始抗體中的一或更多個HVR或CDR。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)係人類抗體。如本文所使用,人類抗體意謂具有胺基酸序列的抗體,該胺基酸序列對應於由人類產生的抗體及/或已使用技術中已知的製備人類抗體之任何技術製備的抗體之彼胺基酸序列。本文所使用之人類抗體包括包含至少一個人類重鏈多胜肽或至少一個人類輕鏈多胜肽的抗體。一個此類實例為包含鼠類輕鏈及人類重鏈多胜肽之抗體。可使用技術中已知的各種技術產生人類抗體。在一個實施例中,人類抗體選自噬菌體抗體庫,彼噬菌體抗體庫表達人類抗體(Vaughan等人,1996,Nature Biotechnology,14:309-314;Sheets等人,1998,PNAS,(USA)95:6157-6162;Hoogenboom及Winter,1991,J.Mol.Biol.,227:381;Marks等人,1991,J.Mol.Biol.,222:581)。亦可藉由將人類免疫球蛋白軌跡引入轉殖基因動物(例如,小鼠)中來製備人類抗體,在該等轉殖基因動物體內已部分或完全滅活化內生免疫球蛋白基因。在美國專利案第5,545,807號、第5,545,806號、第5,569,825號、第5,625,126號、第5,633,425號及第5,661,016號中描述此方法。或者,可藉由永生化針對靶抗原產生抗體之人類B淋巴細胞製備人類抗體(此類B淋巴細胞可自個體恢復或可在活體外已被免疫)。參看,例如,
Cole等人,Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy,Alan R.Liss,第77頁(1985);Boerner等人,1991,J.Immunol.,147(1):86-95;及美國專利案第5,750,373號。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)特定鍵合至癌細胞上的抗原,該癌細胞諸如非造血癌細胞(例如,結腸直腸癌細胞、胰腺癌細胞或胃癌細胞)。在一些實施例中,抗體特定鍵合至CD43上含有碳水化合物的抗原決定部位,例如,美國專利案第7,674,605號、美國專利案第7,982,017號、PCT/US2007/013587(專利公開案第WO 2007/146172號)或PCT/US2008/087515(專利公開案第WO 2009/079649號)中所描述之抗體,該等專利案中之各者的內容以引用之方式併入本文。在一些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1抗體。
下文表1展示人源化(humanized)5F1Ca.1(h5F1Ca.1)重鏈及輕鏈之胺基酸序列。
在一些實施例中,抗體係抗體h5F1Ca.1或衍生自抗體h5F1Ca.1之抗體。分別在SEQ ID NO:1及SEQ ID NO:2中闡述h5F1Ca.1之重鏈及輕鏈序列。在一些實施例中,抗體包含來自抗體h5F1Ca.1(或衍生自抗體h5F1Ca.1之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含抗體h5F1Ca.1之片段或區。在一個實施例中,片段係抗體h5F1Ca.1之輕鏈。在另一實施例中,片段係抗體h5F1Ca.1之重鏈。在又一實施例中,片段包含來自抗體h5F1Ca.1(或衍生自h5F1Ca.1之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一或更多個可變區。在又一實施例中,片段包含來自抗體h5F1Ca.1(或衍生自h5F1Ca.1之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,衍生自抗體h5F1Ca.1的一或更多個HVR(或CDR)係與h5F1Ca.1之至少一個、至少兩個、至少三個、至少四個、至少五個或至少六個HVR(或CDR)至少約85%、至少約86%、至少約87%、至少約88%、至少約89%、至少約90%、至少約91%、至少約92%、至少約93%、至少約94%、至少約95%、至少約96%、至少約97%、至少約98%或至少約99%相同。在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:1的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR);及/或輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:2的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。
在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:1的三個HVR(或CDR);及/或輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:2的三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:1之胺基酸1-118;及/或輕鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:2之胺基酸1-113。在一些實施例中,抗體係嵌合抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係人源化抗體。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之靶向部分中所包括或使用之抗體(或抗體靶向部分)特定鍵合至轉鐵蛋白受體(諸如人類轉鐵蛋白受體),該轉鐵蛋白受體藉由非造血癌細胞(例如,肺癌細胞、卵巢癌細胞、乳癌細胞、前列腺癌細胞、肝癌細胞、子宮內膜癌細胞、結腸直腸癌細胞、胰腺癌細胞或胃癌細胞)表達。抗體可特定鍵合至藉由非造血癌細胞表達之轉鐵蛋白受體上的變型(諸如碳水化合物)。在一些實施例中,抗體特定鍵合至藉由非造血癌細胞表達之轉鐵蛋白受體上的碳水化合物。在一些實施例中,抗體特定鍵合至轉鐵蛋白受體上之含有碳水化合物的抗原決定部位,例如,2012年1月6日提交申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/584,125號或PCT專利申請案第PCT/US2013/020263號(公開為WO 2013/103800)中所描述之抗體,該等申請案中之內容以全文引用之方式併入本文。在一些實施例中,抗體係嵌合5D7-54.17抗體(c5D7)、5D7-54.17或衍生自5D7-54.17抗體之抗體(例如,美國臨時專利申請案第61/584,125中所描述之抗體)。在一些實施例中,抗體係c5D7抗體。
下文表2展示c5D7抗體之重鏈序列及輕鏈序列之胺基酸序列。
在一些實施例中,抗體係抗體c5D7或衍生自c5D7抗體之抗體。在SEQ ID NO:3及SEQ ID NO:4中分別闡述c5D7抗體之重鏈及輕鏈序列(請參看表2)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含來自c5D7抗體(或衍生自c5D7抗體之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含抗體c5D7抗體之片段或區。在一個實施例中,片段係c5D7抗體之輕鏈。在另一實施例中,片段係c5D7抗體之重鏈。在又一實施例中,片段包含來自c5D7抗體(或衍生自c5D7抗體之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一或更多個可變區。在又一實施例中,片段包含來自c5D7抗體(或衍生自c5D7之抗體)之輕鏈及/或重鏈的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,衍生自c5D7抗體的一或更多個
HVR(或CDR)係與c5D7抗體之至少一個、至少兩個、至少三個、至少四個、至少五個或至少六個HVR(或CDR)至少約85%、至少約86%、至少約87%、至少約88%、至少約89%、至少約90%、至少約91%、至少約92%、至少約93%、至少約94%、至少約95%、至少約96%、至少約97%、至少約98%或至少約99%相同。在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:3的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR);及/或輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:4的一個、兩個或三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:3的三個HVR(或CDR);及/或輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:4的三個HVR(或CDR)。在一些實施例中,抗體包含:重鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:3之胺基酸1-119;及/或輕鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:4之胺基酸1-108。在一些實施例中,抗體係嵌合抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係人源化抗體。
如本文所使用,關於序列之「百分比(%)胺基酸序列同一性」及「同源性」指若需要在對準序列及引進間隙後與特定序列中的胺基酸殘基相同之候選序列中的胺基酸殘基之百分比,以實現最大百分比序列同一性,而不考慮任何守恆取代作為序列同一性的部分。可以此項技術內的各種方式實現意欲用於決定百分比胺基酸序列同一性之對準,例如,使用諸如BLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN或MEGALIGNTM(DNASTAR)軟體之公用電腦軟體。熟習此項技術者可決定用於量測對準之適宜參數,包括在正經比較之序列之全長上實現最大對準
所需之任何算法。
在一些實施例中,本文所描述之CDR係Kabat CDR、Chothia CDR或接觸CDR。在一些實施例中,CDR係Kabat CDR。在一些實施例中,CDR係Chothia CDR。在其他實施例中,CDR係Kabat CDR與Chothia CDR之組合(亦稱為「組合CDR」或「延伸CDR」)。換言之,對於含有超過一個CDR的任何給定實施例,CDR可為Kabat、Chothia及/或組合中之任一者。該領域中已知判定CDR之方法。
抗體之可變區指抗體輕鏈之可變區或抗體重鏈之可變區,單獨或組合。大體而言,可變區調節抗原鍵合及界定對於特定抗原的特定抗體之特異性。可變區可具有相對無變化的延伸,稱為構架區(framework regions;FR)(例如,15-30個胺基酸之FR),該等構架區藉由稱為「高變區」(hypervariable regions;「HVR」)的極端變化性之較短區分離(例如,HVR每個為9-12個胺基酸長)。在一些實施例中,自生重鏈及輕鏈之可變域每個包含四個FR,主要採用β片狀組態,由三個高變區連接,形成連接β片狀結構的環,及在一些情況中形成環的一部分。每個鏈上的高變區可藉由FR緊密固持於一起,及與其他鏈上的高變區一起貢獻於抗體之抗原鍵合位點之形成(請參看Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of of Immunological Interest,第5版,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD.(1991))。恆定域不可直接涉及鍵合抗體至抗原,但是可展示各種效應功能,諸如抗體在抗體依賴型細胞毒性(antibody dependent
cellular cytotoxicity;ADCC)中之參與。抗體之恆定區指抗體輕鏈之恆定區或抗體重鏈之恆定區,單獨或組合。抗體之恆定區大體上提供結構穩定性及其他生物功能,諸如抗體鏈關聯、分泌、經胎盤移動及補充鍵合,但是不涉及鍵合至抗原。恆定區之基因中的胺基酸序列及對應外顯子序列將取決於衍生來自的物種;然而,將在物種內部針對特定恆定區相對限制胺基酸序列中的變化導致異型。每個鏈之可變區藉由連接多胜肽序列接合至恆定區。藉由輕鏈基因中的「J」序列及重鏈基因中的「D」序列及「J」序列之組合編碼鍵連序列。
當本文所使用時的術語「高變區」(「HVR」)指導致抗原鍵合的抗體之胺基酸殘基。高變區大體上包含來自「互補決定區」或「CDR」的胺基酸殘基(例如,VL中圍繞殘基24-34(L1)、50-56(L2)及89-97(L3)周圍,及VH中圍繞31-35B(H1)、50-65(H2)及95-102(H3)周圍(在一個實施例中,H1圍繞31-35周圍);Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD.(1991))及/或來自「高變環」的彼等殘基(例如,VL中的殘基26-32(L1)、50-52(L2)及91-96(L3)及VH中的26-32(H1)、53-55(H2)及96-101(H3);Chothia及Lesk J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917(1987))。存在多種方式用於判定CDR,例如,基於交叉物種序列變化性的途徑(亦即,Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,(第5版,1991,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda MD));及基於抗原抗體錯合物之結晶
研究的途徑(Al-lazikani等人(1997)J.Mol.Biol.273:927-948))。係Kabat互補決定區(CDR)之HVR基於序列變化性且最常使用(Kabat等人,前述)。Chothia反而指結構環之位置(Chothia及Lesk J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917(1987))。AbM HVR表示Kabat CDR與Chothia結構環之間的綜合平衡,且由Oxford Molecular之AbM抗體模型軟體使用。「接觸」HVR基於可得複晶體結構之分析。如本文所使用,CDR可為由途徑中之任一者或途徑中之任兩者或三者之組合界定的CDR。CDR可為Kabat CDR、Chothia CDR或接觸CDR。下文註解來自該等HVR中之各者的殘基。
HVR可包含「延伸HVR」如下:VL中的24-36或24-34(L1)、46-56或50-56(L2)及89-97或89-96(L3)及VH中的26-35(H1)、50-65或49-65(較佳實施例)(H2)及93-102、94-102或95-102(H3)。根據Kabat等人前述針對該等延伸HVR定義中之各者編號可變域殘基。
在一些實施例中,抗體係半胱胺酸設計之抗體,該抗體在重鏈或輕鏈中包含自由半胱胺酸胺基酸。抗體中自由半胱胺酸胺基酸之設計可提供反應性親電子官能基,該官能基可進一步在特定位點處賦能諸如抗體藥物共軛物(antibody-drug conjugate;ADC)化合物之抗體共軛物化合物與藥物分子(亦即,位點特定共軛性)。半胱胺酸設計抗體及產生半胱胺酸設計抗體的手段之實例由以下文獻提供:Junutula,JR等人,(2008)Nat.Biotech.26(8):925-932;Lyons,A等人,(1990)Prot.Engineering 3(8):703-708;及Stimmel,JB等人,(2000)J.Biol.Chem.275(39):30445-30450。在一些實施例中,設計抗體以用一或更多個半胱胺酸殘基取代重鏈或輕鏈上的胺基酸殘基(例如,天然產生之胺基酸),前提條件是半胱胺酸殘基之反應性硫醇基對抗體折疊或組合幾乎沒有影響且不明顯改變抗原鍵合。在一些實施例中,針對新引進設計的半胱胺酸硫醇基之反應性評估半胱胺酸殘基。硫醇反應性值係0至1.0範圍內的相對數值項且可針對任何半胱胺酸設計抗體量測該值。在一些實施例中,本發明之半胱胺酸設計抗體之硫醇反應性值係約0.6至1.0;0.7至1.0;或0.8至1.0中之任一者。由WO 2006/034488、WO 2010/141902、WO 2013/093809、WO 2008/038024、WO 2008/070593、WO 2009/092011、WO 2011/005481及WO 2011/156328提供針對位點特定共軛性之半胱胺酸設計抗體。
可藉由誘變處理母抗體之核酸序列製備半胱胺酸設計抗體,誘變處理之步驟包含:由半胱胺酸替代一或更多個
胺基酸殘基以編碼半胱胺酸設計抗體;表達半胱胺酸設計抗體;及隔離半胱胺酸設計抗體。在一些實施例中,半胱胺酸設計抗體係抗體片段;例如,Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fv或單鏈(ScFv)抗體。在一些實施例中,設計抗體以包括胺基酸殘基S157、T169及S442(EU編號)之一或更多個半胱胺酸取代。在本發明之一些實施例中,設計h5F1Ca.1、c5D7抗體或衍生自h5F1Ca.1或c5D7抗體之抗體以包含一或更多個自由半胱胺酸殘基。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG重鏈之以下位置中的任一或更多者處的一或更多個胺基酸殘基:40,43,84,88,103,112,113,114,115,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,161,168,172,234,235,237,239,246,249,265,267,269,270,276,278,282,283,284,287,289,292,293,297,298,299,300,302,303,312,314,315,318,320,324,326,327,330,332,333,334,335,336,337,339,345,347,354,355,356,358,359,360,361,362,370,373,376,378,380,382,383,384,386,388,398,390,392,393,400,401,404,411,413,414,416,418,419,421,422,428,431,432,437,438,439,440,442,443及444;根據Kabat等人(1991,NIH Publication 91-3242,National Technical Information Service,Springfield,VA,在下文中為「Kabat」)之EU指數編號。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG重鏈之以下位置中的任何組合處的一個、兩個、三個、四個、五個、六個、七個、八個、九個或十個或更多個胺基酸殘基:40,43,
84,88,103,112,113,114,115,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,161,168,172,234,235,237,239,246,249,265,267,269,270,276,278,282,283,284,287,289,292,293,297,298,299,300,302,303,312,314,315,318,320,324,326,327,330,332,333,334,335,336,337,339,345,347,354,355,356,358,359,360,361,362,370,373,376,378,380,382,383,384,386,388,398,390,392,393,400,401,404,411,413,414,416,418,419,421,422,428,431,432,437,438,439,440,442,443及444;根據Kabat之EU指數編號。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG λ輕鏈之以下位置中的任一或更多者處的一或更多個胺基酸殘基:7,15,20,22,25,43,110,111,125,144,149,155,158,161,168,185,188,189,191,197,205,206,207,208及210,根據Kabat之EU指數編號。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG λ輕鏈之以下位置中的任何組合處的一個、兩個、三個、四個、五個、六個、七個、八個、九個或十個或更多個胺基酸殘基:7,15,20,22,25,43,110,111,125,144,149,155,158,161,168,185,188,189,191,197,205,206,207,208及210,根據Kabat之EU指數編號。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG κ輕鏈之以下位置中的任一或更多者處的一或更多個胺基酸殘基:7,15,20,22,25,43,110,111,144,168,183及210,根據Kabat之編號。
在一些實施例中,用半胱胺酸殘基替代IgG κ輕鏈之以下位置中的任何組合處的一個、兩個、三個、四個、五個、六個、七個、八個、九個或十個或更多個胺基酸殘基:7,15,20,22,25,43,110,111,144,168,183及210,根據Kabat之編號。
在一些實施例中,抗體係隔離的。隔離抗體指已自天然環境之組分識別及分離及/或恢復的抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係實質上純的。術語「實質上純的」可指材料至少50%純的(亦即,無污染物),更佳地至少90%純的,更佳地至少95%純的,更佳地至少98%純的,更佳地至少99%純的。在一些實施例中,抗體係單株抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係人源化抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係嵌合抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係人類抗體。在一些實施例中,抗體係IgG(諸如IgG1、IgG2或IgG4)。在一些實施例中,抗體係人類IgG,諸如人類IgG1。
本文所描述之抗體可進一步包括一方經修改(亦即,藉由任何類型分子之共價附著)之類似物及衍生物,只要此共價附著容許抗體保持抗原鍵合免疫特異性。舉例而言,抗體之衍生物及類似物包括已進一步經修改(例如,藉由已知保護基/阻斷基糖基化、乙醯化、聚乙二醇化、磷酸化、醯胺化、衍生化,蛋白質裂解,鍵連至細胞配位體或其他蛋白質等等)之彼等衍生物及類似物。可藉由已知技術實施化學修改,該等技術包括但不限於特定化學裂解、乙醯化、調配等等。另外,類似物或衍生物可含有一或更多個非天然胺
基酸。
在一些實施例中,化學式(I)-(V)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體中的抗體靶向部分T係與藥物部分部分共軛的抗體,以使得可進一步連接至額外藥物部分。因此,在一些實施例中,意欲化學式(I)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體包含化學式(Ia)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體。同樣,化學式(II)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體意欲包含化學式(IIa)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;化學式(III)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體意欲包含化學式(IIIa)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;化學式(IV)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體意欲包含化學式(IVa)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;及化學式(V)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體意欲包含化學式(Va)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體。
本文所描述之抗體可包括對於癌細胞抗原免疫特異之抗體或用於治療癌症之抗體。技術中已知製備對於癌細胞抗原免疫特異之抗體之方法。抗體可包括以下抗體中之任一者:抗HER2抗體,諸如人源化抗HER2單株抗體(例如,HERCEPTIN(Trastuzumab;Genentech,CA));抗CD20抗體,諸如嵌合抗CD20單株抗體(例如,RITUXAN(rituximab;Genentech));OvaRex(AltaRex Corporation,MA);Panorex(Glaxo Wellcome,NC);BEC2(ImClone Systems Inc.,NY);
IMC-C225(ImClone Systems Inc.,NY);Vitaxin(MedImmune,Inc.,MD);Campath I/H(Leukosite,MA);Smart MI95(Protein Design Labs,Inc.,CA);LymphoCide(Immunomedics,Inc.,NJ);Smart ID10(Protein Design Labs,Inc.,CA);Oncolym(Techniclone,Inc.,CA);抗CD2抗體,諸如人源化抗CD2 mAb(例如,Allomune(BioTransplant,CA));抗VEGF抗體,諸如人源化抗VEGF抗體(例如,貝伐單抗(Genentech,Inc.,CA));CEAcide(Immunomedics,NJ);抗KDR抗體,諸如抗KDR嵌合抗體(例如,IMC-1C11(ImClone Systems,NJ));抗EGFR抗體,諸如抗EGFR嵌合抗體(例如,Cetuximab(ImClone,NJ));BR96 mAb(Trail,P.A.等人,Science 1993,261,212-215);BR64(Trail,P A等人,Cancer Research 1997,57,100-105);抗CD30抗體;及抗CD 40抗原的mAbs,諸如S2C6 mAb。抗體可進一步包括抵抗以下抗原中之任一者的抗體:CA125、CA15-3、CA19-9、L6、Lewis Y、Lewis X、甲胎蛋白、CA 242、碳酸酐酶IX(CAIX/CA9)、CA6、畸胎瘤衍化成長因子(cripto)、間皮素、αv整合素、LIV-1(亦稱為SLC39A6或ZIP6)、SLC44A4(AGS-5)、鳥苷酸環化酶C(Guanylyl cyclase C;GCC)、ENPP3、FOLR1、EGFRvIII、MUC16、內皮受體ETB(ETBR)、NaPi2b(鈉依賴型磷酸鹽轉運蛋白2b,亦稱為SLC34A2)、前列腺特定薄膜抗原(prostate-specific membrane antige;PSMA)、5T4、STEAP1、Nectin-4、GPNMB、上皮細胞黏著分子(EpCAM)、EphA2、葉酸受體α(folate receptor alpha;FRA)、CanAg、人類非肌肉肌
凝蛋白重鏈A型(nmMHCA)、SLITRK6、T細胞免疫球蛋白及黏蛋白域1(TIM-1,亦稱為HAVCR1)、組織因子(Tissue Factor;TF)、胎盤鹼性磷酸酶、前列腺特定抗原、前列腺酸性磷酸酶、表皮成長因子、MAGE-1、MAGE-2、MAGE-3、MAGE-4、抗轉鐵蛋白受體、p97、MUC1-KLH、CEA、gp100、MART1、PSA、IL-2受體、CD20、CD52、CD33、CD22、CD138(Syndecan-1)、CD79b、CD74、CD70、CD56、CD37、CD19、癌胚抗原相關細胞黏著分子5(CEACAM5,亦稱為CD66e)、上皮糖蛋白-1(EGP-1,亦稱為TROP2、TACSTD2、GA733-1、M1S1)、人類絨膜促性腺激素、CD38、CD40、黏蛋白、P21、MPG及Neu原癌基因產物。
本文所描述之抗體可進一步包括可鍵合至活化淋巴細胞上所表達之受體或受體錯合物兩者之抗體。受體或受體錯合物可包含免疫球蛋白基因總科組員、TNF受體總科組員、整合素、細胞活素受體、趨化細胞素受體、主要組織相容性蛋白質、凝集素或補充控制蛋白質。適宜免疫球蛋白總科組員之非限制性實例為CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD22、CD28、CD79、CD90、CD152/CTLA-4、PD-1及ICOS。適宜TNF受體總科組員之非限制性實例為CD27、CD40、CD95/Fas、CD134/0X40、CD137/4-1BB、TNF-R1、TNFR-2、RANK、TACI、BCMA、OPG蛋白、Apo2/TRAIL-R1、TRAIL-R2、TRAIL-R3、TRAIL-R4及APO-3。適宜整合素之非限制性實例為CD11a、CD11b、CD11c、CD18、CD29、CD41、CD49a、CD49b、CD49c、CD49d、CD49e、CD49f、CD103及
CD104。適宜凝集素之非限制性實例為C型、S型及I型凝集素。本文所描述之抗體可進一步包括對於病毒或微生物抗原免疫特異之抗體。病毒抗原可包括以下物種中之任一者:病毒胜肽、多胜肽蛋白質(例如,HIV gp120、HIV nef、RSV F糖蛋白、流感病毒神經胺酸酶、流感病毒血細胞凝集素、HTLV tax、單純性皰疹病毒糖蛋白(例如,gB、gC、gD及gE)及B型肝炎表面抗原),上述各者能夠引起免疫反應。微生物抗原可包括以下物種中之任一者:微生物胜肽、多胜肽、蛋白質、糖類、多糖或脂質分子(例如,細菌、真菌、病原性原生動物或酵母多胜肽,包括(例如)LPS及莢膜多糖5/8),上述各者能夠引起免疫反應。
技術中已知製備靶向部分(例如,抗體、多胜肽、胜肽或非胜肽基部分)之方法,諸如美國專利案第7,674,605號、美國專利案第7,982,017號、PCT/US2007/013587(專利公開案第WO 2007/146172號)或PCT/US2008/087515(專利公開案第WO 2009/079649號)中所描述之方法。
在此實例中,本揭示案提供化學式(III)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分。在某些實例中,在化學式(III)中,T係抗體。在某些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1或c5D7。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IIIa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。在一些實施例中,p係2。在一些實施例中,p係3。在一些實施例中,p係4。在某些實例中,在化學式(IIIa)中,T係抗體,選擇性用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。在某些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1或
c5D7,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的h5F1Ca.1,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的c5D7。
在此實例中,本揭示案提供化學式(IV)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分。在某些實例中,在化學式(IV)中,T係抗體。在某些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1或c5D7。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(IVa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。在一些實施例中,p係2。在一些實施例中,p係3。在一些實施例中,p係4。在某些實例中,在化學式(IVa)中,T係抗體,選擇性用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。在某些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1或c5D7,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的h5F1Ca.1,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的c5D7。
在一些實施例中,提供化學式(Va)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中T係靶向部分且p係1至20。在一些實施例中,p係1至8。在一些實施例中,p係1至6。在一些實施例中,p係1至4。在一些實施例中,p係2至4。在一些實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。在一些實施例中,p係2。在一些實施例中,p係3。在一些實施例中,p係4。在某些實例中,在化學式(Va)中,T係抗體,選擇性用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。在某些實施例中,抗體係h5F1Ca.1或c5D7,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的h5F1Ca.1,或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的c5D7。
可製備及/或調配化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物作為醫藥上可接受之鹽。醫藥上可接受之鹽為化合物之游離鹼形式之無毒鹽,該化合物支配游離鹼之所欲藥理學活動。該等鹽可衍生自無機酸或有機酸。醫藥上可接受之鹽之非限制性實例包括硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、一氫磷酸鹽、二氫磷酸鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、癸酸鹽、辛酸鹽、丙烯酸鹽、甲酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、己酸鹽、庚酸鹽、丙酸鹽、草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、反丁烯二酸酯、順丁烯二酸酯、丁炔-1,4-二酸二甲酯、己炔-1,6-二酸二甲酯、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、苯甲
酸甲酯、二硝苯甲酸酯、羥基苯酸酯、甲氧基苯甲酸酯、苯二甲酸鹽、磺酸鹽、甲基磺酸鹽、丙基磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、二甲苯磺酸鹽、萘-1-磺酸鹽、萘-2-磺酸鹽、苯乙酸鹽、苯基丙酸酯、苯基丁酸酯、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、y-羥基丁酸鹽、羥乙酸鹽、酒石酸鹽及扁桃酸鹽。在Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第17版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,1985中找到其他適宜的醫藥上可接受之鹽之列表。
對於含有鹼性氮的化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)中之任一者之化合物,可藉由技術中可得的任何適宜方法製備醫藥上可接受之鹽,例如,使用無機酸處理游離鹼,該無機酸諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、胺基磺酸、硝酸、硼酸、磷酸及類似者,或使用有機酸處理游離鹼,該有機酸諸如乙酸、苯乙酸、丙酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、抗壞血酸、馬來酸、羥基馬來酸、羥基乙磺酸、丁二酸、戊酸、富馬酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乙醇酸、水楊酸、油酸、棕櫚酸、月桂酸、呱喃糖苷酸(諸如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸)、α羥基酸(諸如扁桃酸、檸檬酸或酒石酸)、胺基酸(諸如天冬胺酸或麩胺酸)、芳族酸(諸如苯甲酸、2-乙醯氧基苯甲酸、萘甲酸或肉桂酸)、磺酸(諸如月桂磺酸、對-甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸或乙磺酸)或酸之任何可相容混合物(諸如本文實例所提供之彼等酸)及任何其他酸及酸之混合物,根據熟習此技術之一般程度將該等酸及混合物視為等效或可接受之取代。
亦提供包含化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之一或更多種化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體的組合物。
在化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體中,靶向部分可具有一或更多個附著之位點用於連接至藥物部分。取決於靶向部分中的附著位點之可接近性及形成共軛物中的藥物部分之相對濃度,附著位點的一部分不可在所形成之共軛物中鍵合至藥物部分。在每個靶向部分處可形成具有各種數目之藥物部分的化合物之混合物。因此,亦提供組合物,該組合物包含化學式(Ia)-(Va)之一或更多種化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體。舉例而言,對於具有4個附著之位點的靶向分子,組合物可包含選自以下化合物中的一或更多種化合物:化學式(Ia)之化合物,其中p係1;化學式(Ia)之化合物,其中p係2;化學式(Ia)之化合物,其中p係3;及化學式(Ia)之化合物,其中p係4。可調節組合物中的化合物之相對量以實現藥物部分與靶向部分之間的理想比率。在一些實施例中,組合物主要包含化合物中的一者或兩者。
本發明之化合物或組合物中之「藥物抗體比率」(drug-antibody ratio;DAR)界定為化合物或組合物中的藥物部分與化合物或組合物中的抗體之間的莫耳比率。在抗體具有超過一個附著之位點的情況下,可將超過一個藥物部分連接至每個抗體。在一些實例中,獲得包含超過一個抗體藥物共軛物(ADC)分子的混合物。可藉由技術中已知的分析方法量測抗體藥物共軛物之藥物抗體比率,例如,Jeffrey等人在Bioconjug.Chem.24(7):1256-1263(2013);及Sun等人在Bioconjug.Chem.16(5):1282-1290(2005)中所描述之方法。在
一些實施例中,本文所詳細描述之包含一或更多種ADC的組合物具有平均DAR為約0.5至約6,約1至約5,約1至約4,約1.5至約3.5,或約2至約4。在一些較佳實施例中,組合物具有平均DAR為約1.5至約3.5或約2至約3,或約2,或約3。在一些其他較佳實施例中,組合物具有平均DAR為約2.5±10%。在一些實施例中,靶向抗體含有半胱胺酸設計之附著位點及組合物具有平均DAR為約2.0。
出於治療之目的,實施例之醫藥組合物包含化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)中之至少一種化合物或該化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。醫藥組合物可進一步包含一或更多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑或醫藥上可接受之載體。醫藥上可接受之賦形劑係一種無毒及以其他方式在生物學上適合於投予標的之物質。此類賦形劑促進本文所描述之化合物之投予及可與活性成份相容。醫藥上可接受之賦形劑之實例包括穩定劑、潤滑劑、表面活性劑、稀釋劑、抗氧化劑、黏合劑、著色劑、填充劑、乳化劑或味覺改良劑。在較佳實施例中,根據實施例之醫藥組合物係無菌組合物。可使用已知混合技術或對熟習此項技術者變得可用之技術製備醫藥組合物。
亦藉由實施例涵蓋無菌組合物,包括符合管理此類組合物之國家及當地法律之組合物。
本文所描述之醫藥組合物及化合物可調配為適宜醫藥學溶劑或載體中的溶液、乳液、懸浮液、分散液或包合錯合物(諸如環糊精)或調配為與固體載體一起的丸劑、錠劑、
口含劑、栓劑、藥囊、糖衣錠劑、顆粒、粉末、復水粉末或膠囊,根據技術中已知的習知方法用於製備各種劑型。可藉由遞送之適宜路徑(諸如口服、非腸道、直腸、鼻道、局部或眼睛路徑)或藉由吸入投予實施例之醫藥組合物。較佳地,針對靜脈或口服給藥調配組合物。
對於口服給藥,可以諸如錠劑或膠囊之固體形式或作為溶液、乳液或懸浮液提供實施例之化合物。為製備口服組合物,可調配實施例之化合物以產出劑量,例如,每日約0.01至約50mg/kg或每日約0.05至約20mg/kg或每日約0.1至約10mg/kg。口服錠劑可包括與可相容醫藥上可接受之賦形劑混合之活性成份,該等賦形劑諸如稀釋劑、崩解劑、黏合劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、調味劑、著色劑及防腐劑。適宜惰性填料包括碳酸鈉及碳酸鈣、磷酸鈉及磷酸鈣、乳糖、澱粉、糖、葡萄糖、甲基纖維素、硬脂酸鎂、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇及類似者。示例性液體口服賦形劑包括乙醇、甘油、水及類似者。示例性崩解劑係澱粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl-pyrrolidone;PVP)、羥基乙酸澱粉鈉、微晶纖維素及褐藻酸。黏合劑可包括澱粉及明膠。若存在,則潤滑劑可為硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石。若需要,則錠劑可塗覆有諸如單硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯之材料以延遲胃腸道內的吸收或可塗覆有腸溶衣。
對於口服給藥的膠囊包括硬膠膠囊及軟膠膠囊。為製備硬膠膠囊,可將活性成份與固體、半固體或液體稀釋劑混合。可藉由將活性成份與水、油(諸如花生油或橄欖油)、
液體石蠟、短鏈脂肪酸之單甘油酯及二甘油酯之混合物、聚乙二醇400或丙二醇混合製備軟膠膠囊。
對於口服給藥的液體可以懸浮液、溶液、乳液或糖漿形式或可經凍乾或呈現為乾燥產物以在使用前用水或其他適宜媒劑復水。此類液體組合物可選擇性含有:醫藥上可接受之賦形劑,諸如懸浮劑(例如,山梨糖醇、甲基纖維素、海藻酸鈉、明膠、羥乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、硬脂酸鋁凝膠及類似者);無水媒劑,例如,油(例如,杏仁油或分級椰子油)、丙二醇、乙醇或水;防腐劑(例如,甲基或對羥基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸);潤濕劑,諸如卵磷脂;及若需要,調味劑或著色劑。
針對直腸給藥可將實施例之組合物調配為栓劑。對於包括靜脈內、肌內、腹內、鼻內或皮下路徑之非腸道使用,可以無菌水溶液或懸浮液提供實施例之藥劑(將該等液體緩衝至適宜pH及等張性)或在醫藥上可接受之油中提供。適宜水溶液媒劑包括林格氏溶液及等張氯化鈉。可將此類形式呈現為單位劑量形式(諸如安瓶或拋棄式注射裝置)、多劑量形式(諸如可撤回適宜劑量之小瓶)或固體形式或可用於製備可注射調配物之預濃縮物。在自數分鐘至數日範圍內的一段時間中將自約1μg/kg/分鐘至1000μg/kg/分鐘之說明性浸入劑量範圍之藥劑與醫藥學載體混合。
對於鼻道、吸入或口服給藥,可使用(例如)亦含有適宜載體的噴霧調配物投予實施例之醫藥組合物。
對於局部應用,將實施例之化合物較佳地調配為乳
膏或軟膏或適合於局部給藥的類似媒劑。對於局部給藥,可以藥物與媒劑比率為約0.1%至約10%之濃度將本發明化合物與醫藥學載體混合。投予實施例之藥劑之另一模式可使用貼片調配物以產生經皮遞送之效果。
本揭示案提供一種殺死細胞之方法,該方法包含投予細胞一定量足以殺死細胞的化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物。在某些實施例中,細胞係癌細胞。在某些實施例中,癌細胞係胃癌細胞、胰腺癌細胞、結腸直腸癌細胞、肺癌細胞或卵巢癌細胞。
在另一態樣中,本揭示案提供一種個體中所需要之治療癌症之方法,該方法包含投予個體有效量之化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物。在某些實施例中,癌細胞係胃癌細胞、胰腺癌細胞、結腸直腸癌細胞、肺癌細胞或卵巢癌細胞。
本揭示案提供一種醫藥學包或套組,該醫藥學包或套組包含一或更多個容器,該等容器包含對治療或預防癌症有用之化學式(I)-(V)或(Ia)-(Va)之化合物。套組可進一步包含在癌症之治療中的使用說明。
本揭示案亦提供一種醫藥學包或套組,該醫藥學包或套組包含一或更多個容器,該等容器包含本發明實施例之醫藥組合物之成份中的一或更多者。與此類容器選擇性關聯可為由規範醫藥學或生物學產品之製造、使用或銷售的政府機構所規定形式的通知,該通知反映了政府機構批準針對人類給藥的製造、使用或銷售。
實施例亦針對對製備標的化合物或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體有用的製程及中間物。
可取得眾多一般參考,該等參考提供對合成揭示之化合物有用的通常已知化學合成流程及條件(請參看,例如,Smith and March,March's Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,第5版,Wiley-Interscience,2001)。
可藉由技術中已知的任何手段純化本文所描述之化合物,該等手段包括層析手段,諸如高效液體層析法(high performance liquid chromatography;HPLC)、製備性薄層層析法、閃蒸塔層析法及離子交換層析法。可使用任何適宜固定相,包括正相及反相以及離子樹脂。最典型的是,經由矽膠及/或氧化鋁層析法純化揭示之化合物。請參看,例如,Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography,第2版,L.R.Snyder及J.J.Kirkland編著,John Wiley and Sons,1979;及Thin Layer Chromatography,E.Stahl(編著),Springer-Verlag,New York,1969。
在製備標的化合物的任何製程期間,保護所參與之任何分子上的敏感基團或反應基團可為必需及/或理想的。可經由權威著作中所描述之習知保護基實現此舉,該等著作諸如T.W.Greene及P.G.M.Wuts,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第4版,Wiley,New York 2006。可使用技術中已知方法在方便的後續階段中移除保護基。
現將參考本文大體製備之說明性合成流程及隨後的
特定實例描述對實施例之方法有用的示例性化學實體。熟習此項技術者將認識到,為獲得本文之各種化合物,可適當選擇起始物質以使得將在具有或不具有保護的情況下酌情經由反應流程實施最終所欲取代基以產出所欲產物。或者,不使用最終所欲取代基,而是使用可經由反應流程實施及酌情使用所欲取代基替代的適宜基團可為必需或理想的。此外,熟習此項技術者將認識到,可按與特定側基之功能性相容的任何次序執行下文流程中所示之轉換。較佳地在自約0℃至所使用之有機溶劑之回流溫度的溫度下執行大體流程中所描述的反應中之各者。除另有規定外,變數如上文關於化學式(I)所界定。
可藉由將藥物部分經由包含親水性自消耗間隔基的連接子附著至抗體上構造本發明實施例之共軛物。
在下文流程及隨後的特定實例中描述針對化學式(I)之化合物之連接子部分的代表性合成。
在下文流程2中展示自4-硝基苯甲醛的化合物C之合成。使用諸如SOCl2、PCl3或PCl5之氯化試劑將4-硝苯基乙醇酸轉換成對應酸氯化物。隨後酸氯化物與1-甲基哌嗪反應以提供酮醯胺中間物。或者,可使用諸如EDCI之偶合劑將
4-硝苯基乙醇酸耦合至1-甲基哌嗪。酮醯胺中間物含有酮基,隨後使用諸如DIBAL-H、BH3、LiAlH4-AlCl3、LiAlH4-BF3-Et2O或氫硼化鈉之還原劑還原該中間物以產生化合物C。
參看流程3,藉由使用諸如鈀、鎳或鉑之催化劑的催化氫化還原化合物C之硝基以在化合物I中產出胺苯基。適宜氫化催化劑之實例包括Pd/C及阮尼(Raney)鎳。
參看流程4,化合物I提供本發明實施例之化合物中的親水性自消耗連接子部分。化合物I之胺基可經由標準胜肽耦合條件與化合物W反應以產生化合物X。可在諸如DIEA之鹼或為熟習此項技術者所熟知之其他鹼參與的情況下及在適宜溶劑中使用諸如EDCI/HOBt、HOBt、PyBOP、HATU或
BEM之試劑(Carpino,L.A.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1993,115,4397.Carpino,L.A.;El-Faham,A.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,5401.Li,P.;Xu,J.C.J.Pept.Res.2001,58,129.)。
繼續參看流程4,使用4-硝基苯基氯甲酸酯將化合物X之羥基轉換成活化碳酸鹽。有了化合物Y,與具有胺基的藥物反應可產生化合物Z。若藥物未含有胺基,則如上文所論述的第二中間物自消耗間隔基或環化自消除連接子可位於藥物部分與胺苯甲氧羰基之間。
在某些實施例中,參看下文流程5,連接子之-L3-L2-部分附著於化合物I。隨後附著-A-L4-部分。
用於製備本發明實施例之化合物的製程包括在緩衝劑中製備抗體之溶液及用諸如TCEP之還原劑之溶液處理。決定自由硫醇之量。當自由硫醇之量達到預定量時,使用連接子藥物部分烷基化部分還原的抗體。
在一些實施例中,提供製程,用於製備化學式(I)或(Ia)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、X、L1、L2、L3、L4、A及p在適當情況下界定用於化學式(I)或(Ia),包含將包含靶向部分T的化合物與化學式:A-L4-L3-L2-X-L1-D之化合物反應。在一些實施例中,提供由製程產生之化合物。進一步提供包含由製程產生之一或更多種化合物的組合物。
在一些實施例中,提供製程,用於製備化學式(II)或(IIa)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中D、T、X、L1、L2、L3、L4、A及p在適當情況下界定用於化學式(II)或(IIa),包含將含有一或更多個自由硫醇(或氫硫基)的抗體與化合物Z:
(化合物Z),或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體反應。在一些實施例中,含有一或更多個自由硫醇(或氫硫基)的抗體為h5F1Ca.1或c5D7。在一些實施例中,含有一或更多個自由硫醇(或氫硫基)的抗體係用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的h5F1Ca.1或用半胱胺酸殘基替代抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基的c5D7。在一些實施例中,製程進一步包含用於製備如本文所詳細描述之化合物Z的方法。在一些實施例中,製程進一步包含用於製備產生如本文所詳細描述之化合物Z之合成中間物(例如,化合物Y及化合物X)中之一或更多者的方法。在一些實施例中,提供由本文所詳細描述之製程中的任一者產生之化合物。進一步提供包含由本文所詳細描述之製程中的任一者產生之一或更多種化合物的組合物。
在一些實施例中,提供製程,用於製備化學式(II)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;
T係抗體;R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;該製程包含抗體與化合物Z:
(化合物Z),或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體反應。
在一些實施例中,提供製程,用於製備化學式(II)之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:
p係1至20;D係藥物部分;T係抗體;R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;該製程包含抗體與化合物Z:
(化合物Z),或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體反應。
本發明進一步提供藉由本文詳細描述之任何製備化合物之製程及/或製備化合物之方法所產生的化合物。本發明亦提供包含藉由本文詳細描述之任何製備化合物之製程及/或製備化合物之方法所產生的化合物中之一或更多者的組合物(例如,醫藥組合物)。
本揭示案提供用於製備流程4及流程5中的化合物及中間物之製程。流程4及流程5中所表示的化合物意謂具有全部原子價或適宜時用可選保護基或脫離基適當封端。舉例而言,如流程「化合物TAP-18H之合成」中所示之,L3-L2可為
本揭示案提供方法用於製備化合物X:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;
該方法包含:反應化合物W:A-L4-L3-L2及化合物I:
本揭示案提供方法用於製備化合物Z:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;
該方法包含:反應化合物X:及對-硝基苯基氯甲酸酯以形成化合物Y:
,化合物Y與包含L1-D的化合物反應。
本揭示案提供方法用於製備化合物X1:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;該方法包含:反應化合物W1:L3-L2及化合物I:
本揭示案提供方法用於製備化合物Y1:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;該方法包含:反應化合物X1:及包含L1-D的化合物。
本揭示案提供方法用於製備化合物Z:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;A係醯基單元;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基;
該方法包含:反應化合物Y1:及包含A-L4的化合物。
本揭示案提供以下化學式之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基。
本揭示案提供以下化學式之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;
其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;L4係鍵或間隔基;以及A係醯基單元;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基。
本揭示案提供以下化學式之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基。
本揭示案提供以下化學式之化合物:
或該化合物之鹽或溶劑合物或立體異構體;其中:D係藥物部分;L1係鍵、第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子;L2係鍵或第二自消耗連接子;其中若L1係第二自消耗連接子或環化自消除連接子,則L2係鍵;其中若L2係第二自消耗連接子,則L1係鍵;L3係胜肽連接子;以及R1係氫、未取代或經取代之C1-3烷基或未取代或經取代之雜環基。
提供以下實例以說明而非限制本發明。
實例1
材料及方法
5F1抗體之人源化
互補決定區(CDR)植入係用於產生人源化5F1Ca.1(h5F1Ca.1)之可變區。簡要而言,藉由重組DNA技術將鼠類5F1可變區之CDR合併至人類可變區(受體抗體)之構架中。藉由BLASTP搜尋整個非冗餘Genebank資料庫實行人類構架受體之選擇。將與鼠類5F1重鏈可變區67.8%相同的人類抗體CAA79298(Genebank,第CAA79298號)之VH及
與鼠類5F1輕鏈可變區80.4%相同的人類抗體ABI74084(Genebank,第ABI74084號)之VL用作受體抗體。受體抗體之一些殘基突變為鼠類對應殘基以避免可變區之構形變化。表1展示h5F1Ca.1重鏈及輕鏈之最終胺基酸序列。
隨後將VH及VL片段分別經由針對重鏈及輕鏈的NheI位點及AvrII位點插入pcDNA5-FRT-hIgG1κ載體。含有h5F1Ca.1之重鏈及輕鏈基因兩者的完全組合質體h5F1Ca.1/pcDNA5-FRT-hIgG1係用於表達h5F1Ca.1抗體。
連接子-藥物之合成
下文流程中展示化合物Tap-18H之合成。下文流程中亦展示中間化合物M及O之合成。
化合物TAP-18H之合成
M之合成
O之合成
參看化合物Tap-18H之合成之流程,使用PCl5或DMF中的EDCI及IPr2Et或CH2Cl2中的2-氯基-4,6-二甲氧-1,3,5-三嗪及N-甲基嗎啉作為偶合劑將市購之4-硝苯基乙醇酸與N-甲基哌嗪濃縮以產生所欲酮醯胺。在典型過程中,在0-5℃連續攪拌下將N-甲基嗎啉(15mmol)添加至CH2Cl2(20ml)中的2-氯基-4,6-二甲氧-1,3,5-三嗪(5mmol)之溶液中。30-40分鐘後形成白色懸浮液,並將CH2Cl2(10ml)中的4-硝苯基乙醇酸添加至此混合物中,引起透明溶液之形成。在攪拌混合物1小時後,在室溫下添加N-甲基哌嗪(5mmol)。在反應完成後(TLC,10分鐘),使用10% NaHCO3水溶液(2x10ml)繼之以H2O(3x10ml)洗滌混合物。用無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機層及在減小壓力下移除溶劑,提供粗產物,再藉由再結晶或管柱層析法進一步純化該粗產物(比例:醚:乙酸乙酯=8:2)。
在THF或DIBAL-H或氫硼化鈉參與的情況下藉由
0.5當量之LiAlH4進一步還原酮醯胺化合物以產生硝基化合物C。[B.P.Bandgar and S.S.Pandit,Tetrahedron Letters 44(2003)3855-3858]
藉由在室溫下的甲醇中使用SnCl2處理或者使用Pd/C(10% w/w)作為催化劑催化氫化約6-11小時將硝基化合物C還原至胺苯化合物I,產出率為65-81%。可使用MultiMaxIR系統與RB04-50反應器B經由以下過程獲得。最初使用35ml之甲醇、0.03mg之10% Pd/C及0.0252mol之硝基化合物C填充反應器,並將氫添加至反應器中高達6.3巴壓力(H2,常數)。
參看化合物M之合成之流程,Boc保護的L-纈胺酸用N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺及DCM中的EDAC-HCl或N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺及DCM中的EDC處理以提供琥珀醯亞胺酯。此活化酯與L-瓜胺酸及CH3CN、H2O、NaHCO3反應以提供Boc保護的化合物M。
參看化合物Tap-18H之合成之流程,經由在室溫下DMF中的DCC/HOBt反應32小時提供化合物N(產出率78-82%)或者使用PS-碳化二醯亞胺將胺苯化合物化合物I與Boc保護的化合物M耦合,其中在兩個當量之PS-碳化二醯亞胺及DCM中1.7當量之HOBt反應24小時的情況下從100mg之化合物M與1.5當量之胺苯化合物I開始實施化合物N之合成反應。藉由LC/MS的分析展示具有所欲塊狀的波峰及大約50-60%之轉換。
隨後,耦合產物化合物N在DCM中的2,6-二甲基
吡啶參與的情況下在RT下與4-硝基苯基氯甲酸酯反應8小時以產出碳酸鹽化合物P,LC/MS展示具有所欲塊狀的波峰。
在DMF中的HOAt及Et3N參與的情況下,使用單甲基尾海兔素10處理碳酸鹽化合物P引起化合物Q之形成。
參看化合物O之合成之流程,用DMF中的順丁烯二酸酐處理-β丙胺酸,且由此獲得之酸在DCC耦合下與N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺(NHS)反應以提供NHS酯。藉由使用TFA處理移除市購t-blc-N-胺基-dPEG4-酸中的BOC保護基以提供胺之TFA鹽,該TFA鹽與先前合成的NHS酯反應。隔離由此獲得之羧酸及使用EDCI將羧酸與N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺耦合以提供NHS酯化合物O。
參看化合物Tap-18H之合成之流程,使用TFA移除化合物Q中的Boc基及在室溫下的無水乙腈及NaHCO3中將自由胺與NHS酯化合物O耦合12-36小時以產生最終產物Tap-18H,產出率為35-45%。
第5圖圖示Tap-18H之NMR光譜。
化合物TAP-18Hr1之合成
合成Tap-18Hr1具有下文所示之化學式。第6圖圖示Tap-18Hr1之NMR光譜。
化合物TAP-18Hr2之合成
合成Tap-18Hr2具有下文所示之化學式。第7圖圖示Tap-18Hr2之NMR光譜。
抗體藥物共軛物(ADC)之製備
藉由傳統方法製備h5F1Ca.1。從Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO)處獲得DTT及DTPA。從Acros(Morris Plains,NJ)處獲得TCEP。從Thermo Scientific(Rockford,IL)處獲得DTNB。從J.T.Baker(Center Valley,PA)處獲得磷酸鈉、硼酸鈉及氯化鈉。從Alfa Aesar(Ward Hill,MA)處獲得半胱胺酸。
在37℃用0.025M之硼酸鈉(pH 8)、0.025M之NaCl、1mM之DTPA中的約1.3當量之TCEP經歷2小時還原h5F1Ca.1。使用對於1.0mg/mL溶液在280nm的吸收率值1.42量化蛋白質濃度,及使用150,000g/mol之分子量決定莫耳濃度。藉由使用DTNB之滴定法決定所產生之mAb-半胱胺酸硫醇之濃度。當使用1.3莫耳當量之TCEP時通常產生約2.0至2.5莫耳當量之硫醇/mAb。
使用1.2莫耳之馬來醯亞胺己醯基藥物/mAb-半胱胺酸硫醇或馬來醯亞胺藥物/mAb-半胱胺酸硫醇烷基化部分還原的h5F1Ca.1。在10℃執行烷基化反應60分鐘。半胱胺酸
(最終1mM)係用於中止任何未反應過量馬來醯亞胺己醯基藥物或馬來醯亞胺藥物。首先使用1M乙酸將ADC調節成pH 5,並將ADC以1mL/分鐘之流動速率應用於HiTrapTM SP FF柱體(GE Healthcare)。柱體大小係每10mg之ADC為1mL。使用5柱體積之鍵合緩衝劑、具有15% DMSO(pH 5)的25mM之醋酸鈉預先平衡柱體。緊隨應用,使用10柱體積之鍵合緩衝劑洗滌柱體及隨後使用溶離緩衝劑、25mM之醋酸鈉(pH 5)、0-15% DMSO、300mM之NaCl溶離該柱體。藉由在4℃隔夜透析將純化ADC轉變為磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水。
細胞株
在補充有10%之FBS(GIBCO,Cat.No.26140)及100U/mL青黴素/100μg/mL鏈黴素(GIBCO,Cat.No.15140)的RPMI Medium 1640(GIBCO,Cat.No.22400)中培養胃癌細胞SNU-16(BCRC,Cat.No.60212)、結腸直腸癌細胞COLO 205(ATCC,Cat.No.CCL-222)、DLD-1(ATCC,Cat.No.CCL-221)及SW480(ATCC,Cat.No.CCL-228)。
在補充有10%之FBS、1mM之丙酮酸鈉(GIBCO,Cat.No.11360)及100U/mL青黴素/100μg/mL鏈黴素的RPMI Medium 1640中培養結腸直腸癌細胞株DLD-1(BCRC,Cat.No.60132)。
在補充有10%之FBS及100U/mL青黴素/100μg/mL鏈黴素的杜貝卡氏經改良依格培養基(GIBCO,Cat.No.11965)中培養胰腺癌細胞株PANC-1(BCRC,Cat.No.60284)。
胰腺癌細胞Panc 02.03B改編自Panc 02.03(ATCC,
Cat.No.CRL-2553),且在沒有胰島素的情況下在補充有15%之FBS、100U/mL青黴素/100μg/mL鏈黴素及1mM丙酮酸鈉(GIBCO,Cat.No.11360)的RPMI Medium 1640中培養胰腺癌細胞Panc 02.03B。
反相HPLC對ADC之分析
在變性及還原條件下藉由使用25mM之DTT、3M之鹽酸胍在80℃加熱10分鐘分析ADC。將50μg變性ADC應用於PLRP-S柱體(2.1 x 150mm,8μm,1000A,Aligent(Santa Clara,CA))。流動速率為0.8mL/分鐘及柱溫為80℃。溶劑A係水中0.05%之三氟乙酸及溶劑B係乙腈中0.04%之三氟乙酸。方法包括以下步驟:等度25%B長達3分鐘;25分鐘線性梯度至50%B;2分鐘線性梯度至95%B;1分鐘線性梯度至25%B;及等度25%B長達2分鐘。利用非共軛h5F1Ca.1(L0及H0)實行波峰分配。藉由溶離時間、UV光譜(A248/280比率隨藥物載入增加)及SDS-PAGE輪廓(輕鏈及重鏈)分配L1、H1、H2及H3。
WST-1檢定活體外細胞毒性
在96孔微量滴定板上分別以1x104、3x103、2x104及1.2x104細胞/孔種下癌細胞SNU-16、Panc 02.03B、COLO 205及SW480。在96孔微量滴定板上以1x104細胞/孔種下癌細胞DLD-1及PANC-1。在3μg/mL及1μg/mL之最終濃度或最終指示濃度及最終容積200μL/孔中一式三份添加h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H ADC、h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1或裸抗體h5F1Ca.1。隨後在37℃及5%之CO2中培育細胞,及藉由細胞
增殖試劑WST-1(Roche(Nutley,NJ),Cat.No.11644807001)遵循製造商說明偵測細胞生存力72小時或96小時。簡言之,培育結束時,撤回100μL之培養基及將10μL/孔之WST-1添加至測試細胞株中。在最佳彩色顯影後(當未治療對照之OD450 1.00時),藉由分光光度計(Molecular Devices(Sunnyvale,CA),VERSAmax微板讀取器)量測450nm處的吸光率(OD450值)。獲得一式三份之手段及減去背景(培養基控制)。合成的OD450值隨後用於根據以下公式計算抑制百分比:[OD450溶劑-OD450樣本]/[OD450溶劑]*100。溶劑指示未治療對照。
癌症異種移植模型中的ADC治療
為建立皮下異種移植模型,將5x106 SNU-16細胞植入C.B-17 SCID小鼠(Lasco,臺北,臺灣)之右側。當平均腫瘤體積達到110-120mm3時啟動ADC治療(標記為第1天)。以100μL中1或2mg/kg靜脈注射h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H或h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1。每週兩次使用測徑規以兩個垂直尺寸量測腫瘤體積,並根據公式(0.52*長度*寬度*寬度)計算腫瘤體積。
結果
反相HPLC對ADC之分析
還原及變性反相HPLC係用於分離及特徵化具有不同藥物的輕鏈及重鏈。在此方法中,在80℃使用3M鹽酸胍預處理ADC及過量DTT使抗體變性及破壞鏈間及鏈內二硫化物允許具有0或1個藥物(L0及L1)的輕鏈與具有0、1、2、
3個藥物(H0、H1、H2、H3)的重鏈之分離(第1圖)。大體而言,尾海兔素-10比MMAE更加疏水。然而,資料展示,具有尾海兔素-10藥物的重鏈及輕鏈在L1、H1、H2及H3波峰中比單甲基auristatin E(monomethyl auristatin E;MMAE)藥物溶離更早。此展示基於尾海兔素-10之藥物中的額外哌嗪基團減少了分子之疏水性。哌嗪基團之此特性可減小由尾海兔素-10之疏水性造成的高藥物載入ADC中的可能聚集。
第1圖圖示ADC之反相HPLC特性化。第1(A)圖圖示針對h5F1Ca.1/Tap-18H之色譜。第1(B)圖圖示針對h5F1Ca.1/MMAE之色譜。圖示具有0或1個藥物(L0及L1)的輕鏈及使用0、1、2、3個藥物(H0、H1、H2、H3)的重鏈。
活體外細胞毒性
在h5F1Ca.1抗原陽性癌細胞株(SNU-16,COLO 205及Panc02.03B)及抗原陰性細胞株(SW480)中評估h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H之活體外細胞毒活性。亦並行測試裸h5F1Ca.1抗體之細胞毒性。如表3中所示,儘管h5F1Ca.1不能在測試濃度(3μg/mL與1μg/mL)單獨引發細胞毒性,但是h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H有效抑制了癌細胞株SNU-16、COLO 205及Panc02.03B之成長。觀察到,抗原陰性細胞株SW480中無毒性,指示ADC殺死係經由特定靶向機構。該等結果表明,ADC傳送細胞毒性藥物至具有抗原特異性的靶癌細胞。
在分離實驗中評估h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1之細胞毒活性。類似地,在鍵合陽性胃癌細胞株SNU-16中而非在鍵合陰性結腸直腸細胞株SW480中藉由h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1引發有效抑制(表4)。
ADC之活體內評估
評估在活體內ADC h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H抵抗胃癌細胞SNU-16之效能。當接種腫瘤大小達到120mm3(標記為第1天)時,用單劑量之ADC或媒劑以2mg/kg治療小鼠。與在第12天時腫瘤快速成長並接近400mm3的媒劑群組相比,h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H群組在第5天時顯示緩解,及在第12天時平均腫瘤大小被進一步抑制至<20mm3(第2圖)。在治療群組及媒劑群組中,該等小鼠之體重皆保持不變。因此,資料展示,h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H可有效抑制SCID小鼠中抗原陽性腫瘤之成長。
第2圖圖示h5F1Ca.1/Tap18H在活體內抵抗胃癌SNU-16之抗腫瘤活性之曲線圖。
評估在活體內ADC h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1抵抗胃癌細胞SNU-16之效能。當接種腫瘤大小達到100mm3(標記為第1天)時,用2周劑量之媒劑或ADC以1mg/kg治療小鼠。如第3圖所示,h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1之投予引發腫瘤消退,其中平均腫瘤大小被抑制至<10mm3。在治療群組及媒劑群組中,該等小鼠之體重皆保持不變。因此,資料展示,h5F1Ca.1/Tap18Hr1可有效抑制SCID小鼠中抗原陽性腫瘤之成長。
實例2:基於抗TfR抗體之抗體藥物共軛物(ADC)在抑制腫瘤成長方面之效果
抗體藥物共軛物(ADC)之製備
自用表達載體pcDNA5-FRT-hIgG1轉染之Flp-In CHO細胞產生嵌合5D7-54.17(c5D7),嵌合5D7-54.17(c5D7)
含有鼠類5D7-54.17之重鏈及輕鏈可變區基因。隨後經由含有連接子的哌嗪將c5D7抗體共軛至細胞毒性藥物單甲基尾海兔素10以評估活體內抗腫瘤效果(對於結構參看表5)。在一個實例中,首先在37℃用0.025M之硼酸鈉(pH 8)、0.025M之NaCl、1mM之DTPA(或Pentetic酸或二伸乙三胺五乙酸)中的3.0當量之TCEP(或三(2-羧乙基)膦)經歷2小時還原經純化之c5D7。使用對於1.0mg/mL溶液在280nm的吸收率值1.346量化蛋白質濃度,及使用145,194g/mol之分子量決定莫耳濃度。藉由使用DTNB(或5,5'-二硫基雙-(2-硝基苯甲酸))之滴定法決定所產生之mAb-半胱胺酸硫醇之濃度。當使用3.0莫耳當量之TCEP時通常產生約4.0至4.5莫耳當量之硫醇/mAb。使用2.4莫耳之馬來醯亞胺己醯基-單甲基尾海兔素10/mAb-半胱胺酸硫醇烷基化部分還原的c5D7。在10℃執行烷基化反應30分鐘。半胱胺酸(最終1mM)係用於中止任何未反應過量馬來醯亞胺己醯基-單甲基尾海兔素10藥物。藉由在4℃隔夜透析將合成ADC轉變為磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水。
使用下文所示化學式合成Tap-18Hr1。第6圖圖示Tap-18Hr1之NMR光譜。
發明者進一步檢驗鍵合陽性結腸直腸癌細胞株DLD-1及鍵合陰性胰腺細胞株PANC-1中c5D7/Tap18Hr1之活體外細胞毒活性。與上文所呈現之資料一致,藉由c5D7/Tap18Hr1引發DLD-1細胞中的有效成長抑制,而非單獨藉由c5D7抗體引發(表6)。指示劑量處沒有觀察到鍵合陰性細胞株PANC-1中的抑制。結合而言,該等結果表明,ADC僅傳送細胞毒性藥物至表達特定抗原的靶癌細胞。
癌症異種移植模型中的ADC治療
為建立皮下異種移植模型,將5x106 DLD-1結腸直腸癌細胞植入C.B-17 SCID小鼠(Lasco,臺北,臺灣)之右側。在腫瘤接種後第1天及第5天以3mg/kg靜脈給予藥物共軛c5D7 ADC。每週兩次使用測徑規以兩個垂直尺寸量測腫瘤體積,並根據公式(0.52x長度x寬度x寬度)計算腫瘤體積。
結果
在製備抗體藥物共軛物(ADC)c5D7/Tap18Hr1中使用嵌合5D7-54.17抗體(c5D7)(參看上文製備ADC之方法)。在DLD-1移植SCID小鼠上的活體內評估c5D7/Tap18Hr1之抗腫瘤活動。在使用媒劑或ADC以3mg/kg腫瘤接種後的第1天及第5天啟動治療。與在第14天時腫瘤接近500mm3的媒劑群組相比,c5D7/Tap18Hr1在貫穿整個研究期中完全抑制腫瘤成長(第4圖)。治療後每個群組中之小鼠之體重保持不變(平均25g)。資料展示,藉由抗轉鐵蛋白受體c5D7之細胞毒性藥物之癌症靶向遞送能夠有效抑制活體內腫瘤成長。
參考文獻
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Claims (65)
- 如請求項1所述之化合物,其中p係1。
- 如請求項1所述之化合物,其中p係1至4。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L1係一鍵。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L1係一第二自消耗連接子或一環化自消除連接子。
- 如請求項5所述之化合物,其中L1係一胺苯甲氧羰基連接子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L2係一鍵。
- 如請求項4所述之化合物,其中L2係一第二自消耗連接子。
- 如請求項10所述之化合物,其中L2係一胺苯甲氧羰基連接子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L3係1至10個胺基酸殘基之一胜肽連接子。
- 如請求項13所述之化合物,其中L3係2至4個胺基酸殘基之一胜肽連接子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L3係包含至少一個離胺酸或精胺酸殘基的一胜肽連接子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L3係包含選自以下物質的一胺基酸殘基之一胜肽連接子:離胺酸、D-離胺酸、瓜胺酸、精胺酸、脯胺酸、組胺酸、鳥胺酸及麩醯胺酸。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L3係包含選自以下物質的一胺基酸殘基之一胜肽連接子:纈胺酸、異白胺酸、苯丙胺酸、甲硫胺酸、天冬醯胺酸、脯胺酸、丙胺酸、白胺酸、色胺酸及酪胺酸。
- 如請求項13所述之化合物,其中L3係選自以下物質之一雙胜肽單元:纈胺酸-瓜胺酸、脯胺酸-離胺酸、甲硫胺酸-D-離胺酸、天冬醯胺酸-D-離胺酸、異白胺酸-脯胺酸、苯丙胺酸-離胺酸及纈胺酸-離胺酸。
- 如請求項18所述之化合物,其中L3係纈胺酸-瓜胺酸。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L4係一鍵。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之化合物,其中L4係一間隔基。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中該間隔基係聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基或多元胺。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中L4係L4a-C(O)、L4a-C(O)-NH、L4a-S(O)2或L4a-S(O)2-NH,其中每個L4a獨立為聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基或多元胺。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係聚伸烷二醇、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基或多元胺。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係聚伸烷二醇。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係聚乙二醇。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中該間隔基具有化學式-CH2-(CH2-O-CH2)m-CH2-C(O)-,其中m係0至30的一整數。
- 如請求項21所述之化合物,其中L4係L4a-C(O),其中L4a係伸烷基。
- 如請求項30所述之化合物,其中q係2、3、4或5。
- 如請求項1-3中任一者所述之化合物,其中T係選自由以下物質組成之群組: (i)一抗體,包含:一重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:1的三個CDR以及一輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:2的三個CDR;(ii)一抗體,包含:一重鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:3的三個CDR以及一輕鏈可變區,包含來自SEQ ID NO:4的三個CDR;(iii)一抗體,包含:一重鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:1之胺基酸1-118及一輕鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:2之胺基酸1-113;(iv)一抗體,包含:一重鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:3之胺基酸1-119及一輕鏈可變區,包含SEQ ID NO:4之胺基酸1-108;(v)一抗體,包含:SEQ ID NO:1之重鏈胺基酸序列,以及SEQ ID NO:2之輕鏈胺基酸序列;以及(vi)一抗體,包含:SEQ ID NO:3之重鏈胺基酸序列,以及SEQ ID NO:4之輕鏈胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1-3中任一者所述之化合物,其中用一半胱胺酸殘基替代重鏈及/或輕鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。
- 如請求項1-3中任一者所述之化合物,其中用一半胱胺酸殘基替代該重鏈之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。
- 如請求項1-3中任一者所述之化合物,其中用一半胱胺酸殘基替代該抗體之該Fc區域之一或更多個胺基酸殘基。
- 如請求項35所述之化合物,其中該抗體之該重鏈之該一或更多個胺基酸殘基處於使用EU編號之位置157、169及/或442處。
- 如請求項1-3中任一者所述之化合物,其中經由一半胱胺酸殘基將D連接至T。
- 如請求項39所述之化合物,其中D係倍癌毒素(duocarmycin)、尾海兔素、微管蛋白(tubulysin)、阿黴素(DOX)、紫杉醇或絲裂黴素C(MMC)或上述各者之胺基衍生物。
- 一種化學式(III)、(IV)或(V)之化合物,
- 一種化學式(IIIa)、(IVa)或(Va)之化合物,
- 一種醫藥組合物,該醫藥組合物包含一種如請求項1至46中任一項所述之化合物,或該化合物之鹽;及醫藥上可接受之載體。
- 一種如請求項1至46中任一項所述之化合物,或該化合物之鹽於製造用於殺死一癌細胞之藥物之用途。
- 如請求項48所述之用途,其中該癌細胞係一胃癌細胞、胰腺癌細胞、結腸直腸癌細胞、肺癌細胞、食道癌細胞、膽囊癌細胞、頭部及頸部癌細胞、肝癌細胞、子宮內膜癌瘤細胞、唾液腺癌瘤細胞、淋巴癌細胞、乳癌細胞、子宮頸癌細胞,或卵巢癌細胞。
- 一種如請求項1至46中任一項所述之化合物,或該化合物之鹽於製造在一需要的個體中治療癌症之藥物之用途。
- 如請求項50所述之用途,其中該癌症係胃癌、胰腺癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、食道癌、膽囊癌、頭部及頸部癌、肝癌、子宮內膜癌瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、淋巴癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌,或卵巢癌。
- 一種套組,該套組包含一種如請求項1至46中任一項所述之化合物,或該化合物之鹽。
- 如請求項52所述之套組,進一步包含在癌症之治療中的使用說明。
- 如請求項55所述之方法,其中該抗體包含一或更多個氫硫基。
- 一種醫藥組合物,該醫藥組合物包含如請求項1所述之化合物,或該化合物之鹽,及醫藥上可接受之載體。
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