JP6239597B2 - 薬物コンジュゲート、コンジュゲーション方法およびその使用 - Google Patents
薬物コンジュゲート、コンジュゲーション方法およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6239597B2 JP6239597B2 JP2015512769A JP2015512769A JP6239597B2 JP 6239597 B2 JP6239597 B2 JP 6239597B2 JP 2015512769 A JP2015512769 A JP 2015512769A JP 2015512769 A JP2015512769 A JP 2015512769A JP 6239597 B2 JP6239597 B2 JP 6239597B2
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Description
近年、抗体(または抗体フラグメント、例えば一本鎖可変フラグメント)をペイロード薬物(payload drug)と結合し、抗体−薬物コンジュゲートまたはADCと称される免疫複合体を形成し得ることが分かった。抗体は、ADCを標的細胞に結合させる。しばしば、ADCはその後細胞によって内在化され、薬物が放出され、細胞が処置される。このターゲティングのため、副作用は薬物の全身投与の副作用よりも低い可能性がある。
或る態様は、活性薬剤コンジュゲート、活性薬剤コンジュゲートを製造する方法、および活性薬剤コンジュゲートの使用を提供する。
Aは、ターゲティング部分であってよく;
Bは、所望により第2ターゲティング部分である補助的部分であるか、または、Bは、存在しなくてもよく;
L1は、2〜5個の炭素架橋および少なくとも1個の硫黄原子を含み;
Dは、それぞれ独立して選択されてよく、ここで、Dは、それぞれ活性薬剤を含み;
L2は、それぞれ独立してリンカーであってもよく、ここで、少なくとも1個のL2はL1に結合しており;
nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10であり得る。]
の構造を有する活性薬剤コンジュゲートまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する。
構成要素Aは、ターゲティング部分であってよく;
構成要素Eは、所望により置換されたヘテロアリールまたは所望により置換されたヘテロシクリルであってよく;
Bは、所望により第2ターゲティング部分である補助的部分であるか、または、Bは、存在しなくてもよく;
Dはそれぞれ独立して選択されてよく、ここで、Dはそれぞれ活性薬剤を含み、;
L2はそれぞれ独立してリンカーであってよく、ここで、少なくとも1個のL2がL1に結合しており;
nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10であってよく;
L3は、所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、または、L3は、存在しなくてもよく、L3が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合しており;
L4は、所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、または、L4は、存在しなくてもよく、L4が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合している。]
の構造を有する活性薬剤コンジュゲートまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する。
或る態様は、活性薬剤コンジュゲートを提供する。或る態様において、活性薬剤コンジュゲートは、薬物コンジュゲートである。或る態様において、薬物コンジュゲートは、ターゲティング分子を含む。或る態様において、ターゲティング分子は、モノクローナル抗体(mAB)を含む。或る態様において、薬物コンジュゲートは、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーを含む。或る態様において、スペーサーは、スルフィド結合によって、mABに結合している。或る態様において、多官能性リンカーは、スルフィド結合によって、mABに結合している。或る態様において、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーは、所望により補助的部分に結合し得る。或る態様において、補助的部分は、第2ターゲティング分子、例えばmABおよびペプチドであり得る。或る態様において、補助的部分は、親水性ポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などであり得る。或る態様において、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーは、2〜5個の原子架橋を含み得る。或る態様において、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーは、4C(4個の炭素)架橋を含み得る。
本明細書で用いられるとき、通常の有機の略語を以下の通り定義する。
“シアナト”基は“−OCN”基をいう。
“イソシアナト”基は“−NCO”基をいう。
“チオシアナト”基は“−SCN”基をいう。
“イソチオシアナト”基は“−NCS”基をいう。
“アルコキシアルキル”基は、“C2−8アルコキシアルキル”などのような、アルキレン基を介して結合しているアルコキシ基である。
或る態様は、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーを介してターゲティング分子にコンジュゲートする方法を提供する。或る態様において、該スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーは2〜5個の原子架橋を含み得る。或る態様において、該方法は1工程または連続的コンジュゲーション法を含む。或る態様において、薬物コンジュゲートは、スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーを含む。或る態様において、該スペーサーまたは多官能性リンカーは、ペプチドのような開裂不可能または開裂可能ユニット、例えばペプチドを含み得る。
或る態様は、本明細書に開示し、記載した活性薬剤コンジュゲートを患者に投与することを含む、処置を必要とする患者を処置する方法を提供する。或る態様において、患者は、癌、免疫疾患または糖尿病を有し得る。
或る態様は、式I:
Aは、ターゲティング分子であってよく、
Bは、所望により第2ターゲティング部分である補助的部分であるか、または、Bは、存在せず;
L1は、2〜5個の炭素架橋および少なくとも1個の硫黄原子を含み;
Dは、それぞれ独立して選択され、ここで、Dは、それぞれ活性薬剤を含み;
L2は、それぞれ独立してリンカーであり、ここで、少なくとも1個のL2はL1に結合しており;
nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10である。]
の構造を有する活性薬剤コンジュゲートまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する。
或る態様において、Aは、抗体フラグメント、サロゲートまたは変異体であり得る。
或る態様において、Aは、タンパク質リガンドであり得る。
或る態様において、Aは、タンパク質骨格であり得る。
或る態様において、Aはペプチドであり得る。
或る態様において、Aは小分子リガンドであり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、抗体フラグメント、サロゲートまたは変異体であり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、タンパク質リガンドであり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、タンパク質骨格であり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、ペプチドであり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、RNAまたはDNAであり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、RNAまたはDNAフラグメントであり得る。
或る態様において、Bは、小分子リガンドであり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、薬物であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、化学療法剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、天然産物であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、免疫モジュレーターであり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、チューブリン結合剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、DNAアルキル化剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、HSP90阻害剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、DNAトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、抗エピジェネティック剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、HDAC阻害剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、代謝拮抗剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、プロテアソーム阻害剤であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、ペプチドであり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、ペプチド模倣薬であり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、siRNAであり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、アンチセンスDNAであり得る。
或る態様において、Dは、エポチロンA、エポチロンBまたはパクリタキセルであり得る。
或る態様において、リンカーは、オリゴ糖を含み得る。例えば、リンカーは、キトサンを含み得る。或る態様において、L2は、リンカーおよび−(CH2)n− (ここで、nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10である。)を含み得る。或る態様において、L2は、リンカーおよび−(CH2CH2O)n− (ここで、nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10である。)を含み得る。
或る態様において、リンカーは、−(CH2CH2O)n− (ここで、nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10である。)を含み得る。
或る態様において、スペーサーは、オリゴ糖を含み得る。例えば、スペーサーは、キトサンを含み得る。
AのS結合部分は、修飾L−アラニン残基を含み、
の構造またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有する。例えば、
構成要素Aは、ターゲティング部分であってよく、
構成要素Eは、ヘテロアリールまたはヘテロシクリルであってよく、
L3は、所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、または、L3は、存在しなくてよく、L3が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合しており;
L4は、所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、または、L4は、存在しなくてよく、L4が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合している。]
の構造またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有する。或る態様において、L3は、−(CH2)−であってよく;L4は、−(CH2)−であってよい。或る態様において、L3は、存在しなくてよく;L4は、存在しなくてよい。
1工程コンジュゲーション
一般的手順I
アプローチ:
一般的スキームII
一般的スキームIII
一般的コンジュゲーション手順:
標的抗体0.5〜50mgs/mLに、pH 5.0〜9.0の特定の緩衝液中で、例えばPBS中で、0.5〜100当量の還元剤、例えばTCEPおよびDTTを加えた。0〜40℃で0.5〜40時間、穏やかに撹拌しながらまたは振盪しながら還元を行い、次いで、還元剤を、カラムまたは限外ろ過によって除去した。部分的に還元された抗体0.5〜50mgs/mLに、0〜30%の有機共溶媒、例えばDMAを含むpH 5.0〜9.0の特定の緩衝液中で、例えばPBS中で、0.5〜10当量のジブロモ官能基またはジクロロ官能基を有する活性化薬物リンカーを加えた。0〜40℃で0.5〜40時間、穏やかに撹拌しながらまたは振盪しながら反応を行い、HIC−HPLCによってモニターした。得られた粗製のADC生成物について、常法により、脱塩、緩衝液交換/製剤化および所望により精製といった必要な下流の工程を行った。最終ADC生成物を、HIC−HPLC、SEC、RP−HPLCおよび所望によりLC−MSによって特性決定した。平均DARを、UV吸収および/または質量分析によって計算した。
一般的手順A−HATU媒介アミド結合形成
無水DMF中の酸(アミンに関して1.1当量)に、HATU(酸に関して1当量)およびDIEA(酸に関して2当量)を加え、混合物を室温で1分間撹拌した。混合物を、DMF中のアミンの溶液に加え、反応混合物を、反応が完了するまで(LC/MSによってモニターした)、室温で撹拌した。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を所望により逆相HPLCによって精製し、純粋な最終生成物を得た。
無水DMF中のカルボン酸(1.1当量)、アミンおよびHOAt(1.1当量)の溶液に、撹拌しながら、DIC(1.1当量)を加え、反応混合物を室温で撹拌した。完了後(LC/MSによってモニターした)、溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を所望により逆相HPLCによって精製し、純粋な最終生成物を得た。
酸感受性保護基含有化合物を4N HCl/ジオキサンに溶解し、混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。溶液を減圧下で濃縮し、残渣を冷エーテルで2回洗浄した。必要ならば逆相HPLCで精製を行った。
Fmoc含有化合物を、DMF中2〜5% ピペリジンに溶解した。混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。溶媒を減圧下で除去した。必要ならば逆相HPLCで精製を行った。
アミンをDMFに溶解し、アルデヒド(5当量)を加え、続いてシアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(5当量)を添加した。反応混合物のpHを4〜5に調節するために、HOAcを加えた。混合物を、完了するまで(1〜4時間、HPLCによってモニターした)、室温で撹拌した。必要ならば逆相HPLCで精製を行った。
MeOH中のエステルの溶液に、撹拌しながら、混合物のpHが約13〜14になるまで、1M LiOH水溶液を加え、反応混合物を、完了するまで(約16時間、HPLCによってモニターした)、室温で撹拌した。反応物を中和するために、クエン酸(約10%水溶液)を加え、溶媒を減圧下で除去した。粗生成物を、所望によりRP−HPLCによって精製するか、または、次の工程に直接用いた。
THF/DMF(2/1)中のアルコール/フェノールの溶液に、撹拌しながら、ビス(p−ニトロフェニル)カーボネート(3〜5当量)を加え、続いてDIEA(2〜4当量)を加え、大部分の出発物質が消費されるまで、反応混合物を室温で撹拌した。反応の進行をLC/MSによってモニターした。粗生成物を、所望によりフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって、または、沈殿および洗浄によって精製した。
アミン含有化合物をDMFに溶解した。無水グルタル酸(3当量)を加え、続いてDIEA(4当量)を添加した。反応混合物を、大部分の出発物質が消費されるまで、室温で撹拌した。反応の進行をLC/MSによってモニターした。粗生成物をRP−HPLCによって精製し、純粋なカルボン酸を得た。
アミン含有化合物をDMFに溶解し、アルキル/アリール p−ニトロフェニルカーボネート(1.5当量)を加え、続いてDIEA(2当量)およびHOBt(触媒量, 5%)を添加した。反応混合物を、大部分のアミンが消費されるまで、室温で撹拌した。反応の進行をLC/MSによってモニターした。粗生成物を所望によりRP−HPLCによって精製し、純粋なカルバメートを得た。
酸をDCMに溶解し、必要ならば溶解を助けるためにDMFを加えた。N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(1.5当量)を、続いてEDC・HCl(1.5当量)を加えた。反応混合物を、大部分の酸が消費されるまで、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応の進行をRP−HPLCによってモニターした。混合物をDCMで希釈し、クエン酸(10%水溶液)で、そして塩水で連続して洗浄した。有機層を乾燥し、濃縮乾固した。粗生成物を、所望により、RP−HPLCまたはシリカゲル・カラム・クロマトグラフィーによって精製した。
環状構造の形成による2個のCys残基でのコンジュゲーション
2工程方法
工程1:薬物リンカー構築物合成(−L 2 −D)
薬物リンカー構築物合成方法(次のものに限定されない):
方法1−1:活性化およびカルバメート形成のために一般的手順GまたはIを、そして保護基の除去のために一般的手順C、DまたはFを用いた、カルバメート結合を介して結合したリンカーおよび薬物
一般的手順スキームI
一般的手順スキームII
一般的手順スキームIII
方法2:o−フェニレンジアミン部分の導入
一般的手順スキームV
MS 実測値: 1504.8 (M+H)+.
コンジュゲーション反応前の最終反応基の導入方法(次のものに限定されない)
方法3−1:ジブロモメチル キノキサリンの形成
MS 実測値 1383.9 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値: 1356.9 (M+H)+
スキームI
MS m/z C35H64N4O9についての計算値 684.5, 実測値 707.6 ([M+Na]+).
スキームII-1
MS m/z C42H70N6O9Sについての計算値 834.5, 実測値 835.6 ([M+H]+).
スキームII-2
MS m/z C41H70N6O10Sについての計算値 838.5, 実測値 839.6 ([M+H]+).
スキームIIC
MS m/z C48H81N7O13Sについての計算値 995.6, 実測値 996.4 ([M+H]+).
THF(200mL)中のFmoc-VA-PAB (21) (Bioconjugate Chem., 2002, 13, 855-859)(9g, 15mmol)の溶液に、撹拌しながら、塩化チオニル(18mmol)を滴下した。添加完了後、反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。TLC分析(酢酸エチル/ヘキサン, 1/1, v/v)は、反応の完了を示した。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をヘキサン(100mL)で洗浄し、化合物22を僅かに黄色がかった固体として得た(8.8g)。
MS m/z C30H34N4O5についての計算値 530.3, 実測値 531.4 ([M+H]+).
化合物25を、化合物Fmoc-VC-PAB (Bioconjugate Chem., 2002, 13, 855-859)から出発して、化合物25の合成について上で記載した手順を用いて合成した。
MS m/z C33H40N6O6についての計算値 616.3, 実測値 617.5 ([M+H]+).
化合物26を、化合物Fmoc-A-PAB (Bioconjugate Chem., 2002, 13, 855-859に報告された手順に従って合成)から出発して、化合物26の合成について上で記載した手順を用いて合成した。
MS m/z C25H25N3O4についての計算値 431.2, 実測値 432.6 ([M+H]+).
化合物27を、化合物Fmoc-Ahx-PABから出発して、化合物27の合成について上で記載した手順を用いて合成した。
MS m/z C28H31N3O4についての計算値 473.2, 実測値 474.3 ([M+H]+).
スキームIV
化合物32を、上記一般的手順のオーリスタチンFと化合物26の間のDIC/HOAt媒介アミド結合形成(一般的手順B)を用いて合成し、Fmocを除去し(一般的手順D)、酸30と反応させて(一般的手順A)、ニトロ基をアミノ基に還元した。
MS 実測値 1319.0 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値 1526.4 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値 1383.9 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値 1281.2 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値: 1356.9 (M+H)+.
MS 実測値 1020.4 (M+H)+.
一般的コンジュゲーション手順:
標的抗体0.5〜50mgs/mLに、pH 5.0〜9.0の特定の緩衝液中で、例えばPBS中で、0.5〜100当量の還元剤、例えばTCEPおよびDTTを加えた。0〜40℃で0.5〜40時間、穏やかに撹拌しながらまたは振盪しながら還元を行い、次いで、還元剤を、カラムまたは限外ろ過によって除去した。部分的に還元された抗体0.5〜50mgs/mLに、0〜30%の有機共溶媒、例えばDMAを含むpH 5.0〜9.0の特定の緩衝液中で、例えばPBS中で、0.5〜10当量のジブロモ官能基またはジクロロ官能基を有する活性化薬物リンカーを加えた。0〜40℃で0.5〜40時間、緩やかに撹拌しながらまたは振盪しながら反応を行い、HIC−HPLCによってモニターした。得られた粗製のADC生成物について、常法により、脱塩、緩衝液交換/製剤化および所望により精製といった必要な下流の工程を行った。最終ADC生成物を、HIC−HPLC、SEC、RP−HPLCおよび所望によりLC−MSによって特性決定した。平均DARを、UV吸収および/または質量分析によって計算した。
H-抗体重鎖
L-抗体軽鎖
HH-重鎖ダイマー
HL-重鎖および軽鎖ダイマー
HHL-重鎖−重鎖および軽鎖トリマー
IgG-2つの重鎖−2つの軽鎖テトラマー
抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを細胞毒性について分析した。使用した細胞株は、SK−BR−3ヒト乳腺癌(HER2三重陽性)、HCC1954ヒト腺管癌(HER2三重陽性)であった。これらの細胞はATCCから入手可能であった。SK−BR−3細胞を、10% ウシ胎児血清を添加したマッコイ5A培地(Caisson Labs, North Logan, UT)中で増殖させた。HCC1954細胞を、10% ウシ胎児血清を添加したRPMI−1640培地(Caisson Labs, North Logan, UT)で増殖させた。SK−BR−3細胞を、約7,500細胞/ウェルで96ウェルプレートに平板培養し、HCC1954細胞を、約20,000細胞/ウェルで96ウェルプレートに平板培養した。抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを、同日に2組加えた。37℃で72時間インキュベーションした後、CellTiter-Glo(Promega, Madison, WI)を加え、製造者のプロトコルに記載の通りに、細胞生存能を決定した。生存能パーセントを次の通り決定した。
生存能%=2組(処理ウェル)の平均発光値/未処理ウェルの平均発光値
トラスツズマブおよび化合物42を、様々な薬物/抗体比で、トラスツズマブを10mM TCEPストック溶液と共に37℃で0.5〜40時間インキュベートする条件下で結合させた。還元後、過剰のTCEPをゲル濾過カラムによって除去した。還元したトラスツズマブを、化合物42と、薬物/抗体比の範囲1〜10で、0〜40℃で混合した。一夜反応させた後、過剰の化合物42を、ゲル濾過カラムによって、トラスツズマブ-c-34コンジュゲートから除去した。精製したトラスツズマブ-c-42コンジュゲートを、4℃から−20℃で保存し、インビトロ試験およびインビボ試験に用いた。
H-抗体重鎖
L+vc-MMAE-抗体軽鎖-vc-MMAE
L-抗体軽鎖
HH-重鎖ダイマー
HL-重鎖および軽鎖ダイマー
HHL-重鎖−重鎖および軽鎖トリマー
IgG-2つの重鎖−2つの軽鎖テトラマー
cL-Duo3:トラスツズマブ−化合物42コンジュゲート
cL-Duo6:トラスツズマブ−化合物40コンジュゲート
トラスツズマブ−化合物42およびトラスツズマブ−化合物42コンジュゲートを、細胞毒性について分析した。細胞毒性法は、上記の通り行った。
Claims (9)
- 式Ia:
構成要素Aは重鎖および軽鎖を含む抗体または抗体フラグメントであり;
構成要素Eは
L3は所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、またはL3は存在せず、L3が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合しており;
L4は所望により置換されたC1−C6アルキルであるか、または、L4は存在せず、L4が存在しないとき、硫黄は、構成要素Eに直接結合しており;
Dはそれぞれ独立して選択され、ここで、Dはそれぞれ活性薬剤を含み;
L2はそれぞれ独立してリンカーであり、ここで、L 2はEに結合しており;
Bはモノクローナル抗体またはペプチドであるかまたは存在せず、
nは1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10である。]
を含む活性薬剤コンジュゲートまたはその薬学的に許容される塩。 - L3が−(CH2)−であり、L4 が−(CH2)−である、請求項1に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
- L3が存在せず、L4が存在しない、請求項1に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
-
- 当該活性薬剤がチューブリン結合剤、DNAアルキル化剤、DNA挿入剤、酵素阻害剤および免疫モジュレーターからなる群から独立して選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
- 式Iaの構造が
- L2が−(CH2)n−、−(CH2CH2O)n−、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB、ペプチド、オリゴ糖またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
- 構成要素Aが少なくとも1個の修飾L−アラニン残基を含む、請求項1に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
- 少なくとも1個のL2が−(CH2)n−、−(CH2CH2O)n−、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB、ペプチド、オリゴ糖およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の活性薬剤コンジュゲート。
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