CN107982545B - 药物偶联物,偶联方法,及其用途 - Google Patents
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- CN107982545B CN107982545B CN201710584374.6A CN201710584374A CN107982545B CN 107982545 B CN107982545 B CN 107982545B CN 201710584374 A CN201710584374 A CN 201710584374A CN 107982545 B CN107982545 B CN 107982545B
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物偶联物,偶联方法,及其用途。一方面,提供了活性剂‑偶联物,制备活性剂‑偶联物的方法,及其用途。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年05月14日、申请号为2013800257743、发明名称为“药物偶联物,偶联方法,及其用途”的申请的分案申请。
背景技术
最近,人们已经发现,抗体(或抗体片段,例如单链可变区片段),可连接到有效载荷药物,以形成所谓的抗体-药物偶联物,或ADC的免疫缀合物。该抗体致使ADC结合到靶细胞。然后ADC通过细胞内化和释放药物来治疗细胞。由于这种靶向性,它的副作用可以比全身给药的副作用降低。
发明概述
一些实施例提供了活性剂-偶联物,制备活性剂-偶联物的方法,和其用途。
一些实施例提供了具有如式I结构的活性剂-偶联物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
A可以是靶向部分;
B可以是辅助部分,其任选地是一个第二靶向部分,或B可以为空;
L1包括2至5个碳的桥和至少一个硫原子;
每一个D可以独立选择,其中每一个D包括活性剂;
每一个L2可以独立为连接体,其中至少一个L2连接到L1;以及n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
一些实施例提供了具有如式Ia结构的活性剂-偶联物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
所述A-组分可以是靶向部分;
所述E-组分可以是任选取代的杂芳基或任选取代的杂环基;
B可以是辅助部分,其任选地是第二靶向部分,或B可以为空;
每一个D可以独立选择,其中每一个D包括活性剂;
每一个L2可以独立是连接体,其中至少一个L2连接到L1;以及n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
L3可以是任选取代的C1-C6烷基,或L3可以为空,当L3为空时,硫直接连接到E-组分;以及
L4可以是任选取代的C1-C6烷基,或L4可以为空,当L4为空时,硫直接连接到E-组分。
在一些实施例中,所述E-组分包括选自下组的片段:
在一些实施例中,L3可以是-(CH2)-;和L4可以是-(CH2)-。在一些实施例中,L3可以为空;和L4可以为空。
在一些实施例中,L2包括-(CH2)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,L2包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9,或10。在一些实施例中,L2包括Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、或PAB。在一些实施例中,L2包括肽,寡糖,-(CH2)n-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB或其组合物。在一些实施例中,L2包括不可切割的单元。在一些实施例中,所述不可切割的单元包括-(CH2)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,所述不可切割的单元包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,L2包括可切割单元。在一些实施例中,所述可切割单元包括肽。
在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含单克隆抗体(mAB)。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包括抗体片段、替代物或变体。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含蛋白配体。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含蛋白支架。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含肽。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含小分子配体。在一些实施例,所述A组分包含至少一个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,所述A组分包含至少两个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括-(CH2)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、或PAB。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括肽、寡糖、-(CH2)n-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB或其组合物。
附图说明
图1显示了药物和抗体以5.5:1的药物/抗体比率进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物。
图2显示了药物和抗体以6:1的药物/抗体比率进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物。
图3显示了药物和抗体以1:6.5的药物/抗体比率进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物。
图4显示了药物和抗体以1:4的药物/抗体比率进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物。
图5显示了每个FPLC级分的HIC-HPLC色谱,和插图,峰的重叠,以显示各峰的相对纯度。
图6显示了图4和图5所述FPLC部分的还原SDS-PAGE分析。
图7显示了SK-BR-3细胞针对7种抗体-药物偶联物样品的活力。
图8显示了HCC1954细胞针对7种抗体-药物偶联物样品的活力。
图9示出了曲妥单抗偶联的化合物40的还原SDS-PAGE分析。
图10显示了SK-BR-3细胞针对4种抗体-药物偶联物样品的活力。
图11显示了HCC1954细胞针对4种抗体-药物偶联物样品的活力。
图12显示了SK-BR-3细胞针对4种抗体-药物偶联物样品的活力。
发明内容
一些实施例提供了活性剂-偶联物。在一些实施例中,所述活性剂-偶联物是药物-偶联物。在一些实施例中,所述药物-偶联物包括靶向分子。在一些实施例中,所述靶向分子包括单克隆抗体(mAB)。在一些实施例中,所述药物-偶联物包括间隔物或多功能连接体。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物通过硫键连接到mAB。在一些实施例中,所述多功能连接体通过硫键连接到mAB。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物或多功能连接体可以任选连接到辅助部分。在一些实施例中,所述辅助部分可以是第二靶向分子,例如mAB和肽。在一些实施例中,所述辅助部分可以是亲水性聚合物,如聚乙二醇(PEG)等。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物或多功能连接体可以包括2至5个原子的桥。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物或多功能连接体可以包括4C(4碳)桥。
用有效载荷衍生多肽的偶联方法可以通过使用与抗体上各巯基反应的马来酰亚胺或乙烯基,通过迈克尔加成反应来完成。游离巯基可通过还原抗体中的二硫键形成。然而,在打开二硫键和附加有效载荷到暴露的游离硫醇后,抗体的结构完整性可能受损。本文所提供的组合物和方法提供经由半胱氨酸的偶联而不降低结构的稳定性。
定义
本文使用的常用的有机物缩写如下所定义:
Ac 乙酰基
Aq. 水性
BOC或Boc 叔丁氧羰基
BrOP 溴三(二甲氨基)六氟磷酸膦鎓
Bu 正丁基
℃ 摄氏温度
DCM 二氯甲烷
DEPC 二乙基氰基磷酸酯
DIC 二异丙基碳二亚胺
DIEA 二异丙基乙胺
DMA N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺
DMF N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺
DTT 二硫苏糖醇
EDC 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺
Et 乙基
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
Eq 当量
Fmoc 9-芴基甲氧基羰基
g 克
h 小时
HATU 2-(1H-7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸酯
HOAt 1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑
HOBT N-羟基苯并三唑
HPLC 高效液相色谱法
LC/MS 液相色谱-质谱
Me 甲基
MeOH 甲醇
MeCN 乙腈
mL 毫升(复数)
MS 质谱
PAB 对-氨基苄基
RP-HPLC 反相HPLC
t-Bu 叔丁基
TCEP 三(2-羧基乙基)膦
TEA 三乙胺
Tert、t 第三级的
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
THP 四氢吡喃
TLC 薄层色谱
μL 微升
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指保留了某化合物的生物有效性和性质的盐,它们对于用于药物中在生物学上或在其它方面不是不符合需要的。在许多情况下,本文中所公开的化合物能够凭借氨基和/或羧基或类似基团的存在形成酸和/或碱盐。药学上可接受的酸加成盐可以与无机酸和有机酸形成。可以衍生形成盐的无机酸包括,例如,盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,磷酸等。可以衍生形成盐的有机酸包括,例如,乙酸,丙酸,羟基乙酸,丙酮酸,草酸,马来酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,富马酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,苯甲酸,肉桂酸,扁桃酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,水杨酸等。药学上可接受的碱加成盐可以与无机碱和有机碱形成。可以衍生形成盐的无机碱包括,例如,钠,钾,锂,铵,钙,镁,铁,锌,铜,锰,铝等;特别优选的是铵,钾,钠,钙和镁盐。可以衍生形成盐的有机碱包括,例如,伯,仲和叔胺,取代的胺,包括天然存在的取代胺,环胺,碱性离子交换树脂等,具体地例如异丙胺,三甲胺,二乙胺,二三乙胺,三丙胺和乙醇胺。许多这类盐是本领域已知的,如WO87/05297,Johnston等人描述的,出版于1987年9月11日(通过引用将其整体并入本文)。
如本文所用,“Ca至Cb”或“Ca-b”,其中“a”和“b”是整数,是指在指定基团中碳原子的数目。也就是说,该组可以包含从“a”到“b”的(包括端点的)碳原子数。因此,例如,“C1-C4烷基”或“C1-4烷基”指的是从1至4个碳原子的所有烷基,即,CH3-,CH3CH2-、CH3CH2CH2-、(CH3)2CH-、CH3CH2CH2CH2-、CH3CH2CH(CH3)-和(CH3)3C-。
如本文所用的术语“卤素”或“卤”,是指元素周期表第7列中的放射性稳定(radio-stable)的原子中的任何一个,例如,氟,氯,溴,碘,氟和氯是首选。
如本文所用,“烷基”指的是完全饱和的(即,不包含双键或三键)的直链或支链烃链。该烷基可具有个碳原子(无论何时在本文中出现,数值范围如“1至20”是指在给定范围内的每个整数;例如,“1至20个碳原子”是指该烷基可有1个碳原子,2个碳原子,3个碳原子等,至多并包括20个碳原子,尽管本定义也涵盖未指定数值范围的术语“烷基”的情况)。烷基也可以是具有1-9个碳原子的中等大小的烷基。烷基也可以是具有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基。烷基可以是指定为“C1-4烷基”或类似的名称。仅举例来说,“C1-4烷基”表示,烷基链中有一至四个碳原子,即,烷基链选自甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,和叔丁基。典型的烷基包括但不仅限于甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基,等等。
如本文所用,“烷氧基”指的是式-OR,其中R是如上定义的烷基,例如“C1-9烷氧基”,包括但不限于甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,1-甲基基乙氧基(异丙氧基),正丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基,等。
如本文所用,“烷硫基”是指式-SR,其中R是如上定义的烷基,例如“C1-9烷硫基”等,包括但不限于甲硫基,乙硫基,正丙硫基,1-甲基乙硫基(异丙硫基),正丁硫基,异丁硫基,仲丁硫基,叔丁硫基等。
如本文所用,“烯基”是指含有一个或多个双键的直链或支链烃链。烯基可具有2至20个碳原子,尽管本定义也涵盖未指定数值范围的术语“烯基”的情况。烯基也可以是具有2-9个碳原子的中等大小的烯基。烯基也可以是具有2-4个碳原子的低级烯基。烯基可以是指定为“C2-4烯基”或类似指定的链烯基。仅举例来说,“C2-4烯基”表示在烯基链中有2-4个碳原子,即,烯基链选自下组:乙烯基,丙烯-1-基,丙烯-2-基,丙烯-3-基,丁烯-1-基,丁烯-2-基,丁烯-3-基,丁烯-4-基,1-甲基-丙烯-1-基,2-甲基-丙烯-1-基,1-乙基-乙烯-1-基,2-甲基-丙烯-3-基,丁-1,3-二烯基,丁-1,2-二烯基和丁-1,2-二烯-4-基。典型的烯基包括,但不以任何方式限于,乙烯基,丙烯基,丁烯基,戊烯基和己烯基,等等。
如本文所用,“炔基”是指含有一个或多个三键的直链或支链烃链。炔基可具有2至20个碳原子,尽管本定义也涵盖了未指定数值范围的“炔基”的情况。炔基也可以是具有2-9个碳原子的中等大小的炔基。炔基也可以是具有2-4个碳原子的低级炔基。炔基可被指定为“C2-4炔基”或类似的名称。仅举例来说,“C2-4炔基”是指,在炔基链中有2-4个碳原子,即,所述炔基链选自乙炔基,丙炔-1-基,丙炔-2-基,丁炔-1-基,丁炔-3-基,丁炔-4-基和2-丁炔基。典型的炔基包括,但不以任何方式限定于乙炔基,丙炔基,丁炔基,戊炔基和己炔基,等等。
术语“芳族”是指具有共轭π电子体系的环或环体系,包括碳环芳族(例如,苯基)和杂环芳基(例如,吡啶)。该术语包括单环或稠环多环(即,共用毗邻原子对的环),只要整个环系统是芳族的。
如本文所用,“芳氧基”和“芳硫基”是指RO-和RS-,其中R是如上定义的芳基,如“C6-10芳氧基”或“C6-10芳硫基”等,包括但不限于苯氧基。
“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”是指芳基作为取代基通过亚烷基相连,如“C7-14芳烷基”等,包括但不限于苄基,2-苯乙基,3-苯丙基,和萘基。在某些情况下,该亚烷基是低级亚烷基(即,C1-4亚烷基)。
如本文所用,“杂芳基”是指芳环或环系统(即,共享两个毗邻原子的两个或更多个稠合的环),在环主链上包含一个或多个杂原子,即,碳以外的元素,包括但不限于,氮,氧和硫。当所述杂芳基是环系统,系统中的每个环是芳族的。所述杂芳基可以具有5-18个环成员(即,构成环骨架的原子,包括碳原子和杂原子的数目),尽管本定义也涵盖未指定数值范围的术语“杂芳基”的情况。在一些实施例中,所述杂芳基具有5至10个环成员,或5至7个环成员。杂芳基可以是被指定为“5-7元杂芳基”,“5-10元杂芳基”或类似的指定。杂芳基环的实例包括,但不限于,呋喃基,噻吩基,酞嗪基,吡咯基,噁唑基,噻唑基,咪唑基,吡唑基,异噁唑基,异噻唑基,三唑基,噻二唑基,吡啶基,哒嗪基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,三嗪基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,苯并咪唑基,苯并噁唑基,苯并噻唑基,吲哚基,异吲哚基,和苯并噻吩基。
“杂芳烷基”或“杂芳基烷基”是杂芳基作为取代基通过亚烷基连接的。实例包括但不限于:2-噻吩基甲基,3-噻吩基甲基,呋喃基甲基,噻吩基乙基,吡咯基烷基,吡啶基烷基,异噁唑基烷基和咪唑基烷基。在某些情况下,该亚烷基是低级亚烷基(例如,C1-4亚烷基)。
如本文所用,“碳环基”是指在环系统中的骨架中只有碳原子的非芳族环状环或环体系。当所述碳环是环体系时,两个或更多个环可以是以稠合,桥接或螺接的方式连接在一起。碳环基可具有任何的饱和度,只要环系统中至少一个环不是芳族的。因此,碳环基包括环烷基,环烯基,和环炔基。碳环基可以具有3-20个碳原子,尽管本定义也涵盖未指定数值范围的术语“碳环基”的情况。所述碳环基也可以是具有3至10个碳原子的中等大小的碳环基。碳环基也可以是具有3-6个碳原子的碳环基。该碳环基可以是指定为“C3-6碳环”或类似的名称。碳环基环的实例包括,但不限于,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环己烯基,2,3-二氢茚,双环[2.2.2]辛烷基,金刚烷基和螺[4.4]壬基。
“(碳环基)烷基”是碳环基团作为取代基通过亚烷基相连接的,如“C4-10(碳环基)烷基”等,包括但不限于,环丙基甲基,环丁基甲基,环丙基乙基,环丙基丁基,环丁基乙基,环丙基异丙基,环戊基甲基,环戊基乙基,环己基甲基,环己基乙基,环庚基甲基,等。在某些情况下,该亚烷基是低级亚烷基。
如本文所用,“环烷基”是指完全饱和的碳环基环或环系统。实例包括环丙基,环丁基,环戊基和环己基。
如本文所用,“环烯基”是指具有至少一个双键的碳环基环或环系统,其中在该环系统中没有环是芳族的。一个实例是环己烯基。
如本文所用,“杂环基”是指在环骨架中含有至少一个杂原子的非芳族环状环或环体系。杂环基可以是以稠合,桥接或螺接的方式连接在一起。杂环基可具有任何的饱和度,只要该环系统中至少一个环是非芳族的。所述杂原子可以存在于环体系中的非芳族或芳族环中。所述杂环基可具有3至20个环成员(即,构成环骨架的原子,包括碳原子和杂原子的数目),尽管本定义也涵盖未指定数值范围的术语“杂环基”的情况。杂环基团也可以是具有3至10个环成员的中等大小的杂环基。所述杂环基团也可以是具有3至6个环成员的杂环。所述杂环基可以是指定为“3-6元杂环基”或类似的名称。在优选的6元单环杂环基中,所述杂原子选自以下的一个至多三个的O(氧),N(氮)或S(硫),且在优选的5元单环杂环基中,所述杂原子选自O(氧),N(氮),或S(硫)中的一个或两个杂原子。杂环基环的实例包括,但不限于,氮杂环庚烷基,吖啶基,咔唑基,噌啉基,二氧戊环基,咪唑啉基,咪唑烷基,吗啉基,环氧乙烷基,氧杂环庚烷基,硫杂环庚烷基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,二氧代哌嗪基,吡咯烷基,吡咯烷酮基,吡咯烷酮基(pyrrolidionyl),4-哌啶酮基,吡唑啉基,吡唑烷基,1,3-二氧杂环己烯基,1,3-二氧杂环己烷基,1,4-二氧杂环己烯基,1,4-二氧杂环己烷基,1,3-氧硫杂环己烷基(oxathianyl),1,4-氧硫杂环己烯基(oxathiinyl),1,4-氧硫杂环己烷基(oxathianyl),2H-1,2-噁嗪基,三氧杂环己烷基(trioxanyl),六氢-1,3,5-三嗪基,1,3-二氧杂环戊烯,1,3-二氧戊环基,1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯基,1,3-二硫戊环基,异噁唑啉基,异噁唑烷基,噁唑啉基,噁唑烷基,噁唑烷酮基,噻唑啉基,噻唑烷基,1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷基(oxathiolanyl),二氢吲哚基,异二氢吲哚,四氢呋喃基,四氢吡喃基,四氢噻吩基,四氢噻喃基,四氢-1,4-噻嗪基,噻吗啉基,二氢苯并呋喃基,苯并咪唑烷基和四氢喹啉。
“(杂环基)烷基”是指杂环基团作为取代基通过亚烷基连接的。实例包括,但不限于,咪唑啉基甲基和吲哚啉基乙基。
如本文所用,“酰基”是指–C(=O)R,其中R为氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基,和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。非限制性实例包括甲酰基,乙酰基,丙酰基,苯甲酰基,和丙烯酰基。
“O-羧基”是指“-OC(=O)R”,其中R选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“C-羧基”指的是“-C(=O)OR”基团,其中R选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。非限制性实例包括羧基(即,-C(=O)OH)。
“氰基”基团指的是“-CN”基团。
“氰酸根”基团是指“-OCN”基团。
“异氰酸根”基团是指“-NCO”基团。
“硫氰酸根”基团是指“-SCN”基团。
“异硫氰酸根”基团是指“-NCS”基团。
“亚磺酰基”基团是指“-S(=O)R”,其中R选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“磺酰基”基团是指“-SO2R”,其中R选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“S-磺酰氨基”基团是指“-SO2NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“N-磺酰氨基”基团是指“-N(RA)SO2RB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“O-氨基甲酰”基团是指“-OC(=O)NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“N-氨基甲酰”基团是指“-N(RA)C(=O)ORB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义
“O-硫代氨基甲酰”基团是指“-OC(=S)NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“脲”基团是指“-N(RA)C(=O)NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“N-硫代氨基甲酰”基团是指“-N(RA)C(=S)ORB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“C-酰氨基”基团是指“-C(=O)NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“N-酰氨基”基团是指“-N(RA)C(=O)RB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。
“氨基”基团是指“-NRARB”,其中RA和RB各自独立地选自氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-7碳环基,C6-10芳基,5-10元杂芳基和5-10元杂环基,如本文所定义。非限制性实例包括游离氨基(即,-NH2)。
“氨基烷基”基团是指通过亚烷基连接的氨基。
“烷氧基烷基”基团是指通过亚烷基连接的烷氧基,如“C2-8烷氧基烷基”等。
如本文所用,取代基由未取代的母体基团衍生而来,其中的一个或多个氢原子交换为另一原子或基团。除非另有说明,当一基团被认为是“取代的”,这意味着所述基团被一个或多个独立选自下组的取代基所取代:C1-C6烷基,C2-C6烯基,C2-C6炔基,C3-C7碳环基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),C3-C7-碳环基-C1-C6烷基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),5-10元杂环基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),5-10元杂环基-C1-C6-烷基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),芳基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),芳基(C1-C6)烷基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),5-10元杂芳基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),5-10元杂芳基(C1-C6)烷基(任选被卤素,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6卤代烷基,和C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代),卤素,氰基,羟基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基(即,醚),芳氧基,巯基(巯基),卤代(C1-C6)烷基(例如,-CF3),卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基(例如,-OCF3),C1-C6烷硫基,芳硫基,氨基,氨基(C1-C6)烷基,硝基,O-氨基甲酰基,N-氨基甲酰基,O-硫代氨基甲酰,N-硫代氨基甲酰,C-酰氨基,N-酰氨基,S-磺酰氨基,N-磺酰氨基,C-羧基,O-羧基,酰基,氰酸根,异氰酸根,硫氰酸根,异硫氰酸根,亚磺酰基,磺酰基,和氧代(=O)。无论何时基团被描述为“任选取代的”,该基团可以被上述的取代基取代。
应当理解的是,某些基团的命名规则可以包括单基或双基,这取决于上下文。例如,如果一取代基需要两个连接点与分子的其余部分相连,这可以理解为该取代基是双基。例如,需要两个连接点的鉴定为烷基的取代基包括双基,如–CH2–、–CH2CH2–,–CH2CH(CH3)CH2–等。其它的基团命名规则清楚地表明该基团是双基,如“亚烷基”或“亚烯基”。
只要取代基被描述为双基(即,具有两个点与分子的其余部分连接),应当理解的是,该取代基可以任何方向构型进行连接,除非另有说明。因此,例如,描述为-AE-或的取代基包括取代基的取向使得A连接于该分子的最左边,以及取代基的取向使得A连接在该分子的最右边。
本文所用的“对象”,是指人类或非人类的哺乳动物,例如,狗,猫,小鼠,大鼠,牛,绵羊,猪,山羊,非人类灵长类或鸟,如鸡,以及任何其他脊椎动物或无脊椎动物。
所用的偶联方法,间隔物和连接体
一些实施例提供了通过间隔物或多功能连接体偶联靶向分子的方法。在一些实施例中,间隔物或多功能连接体可包括2至5个原子的桥。在一些实施例中,所述方法包括通过单步或连续的偶联的方法。在一些实施例中,所述药物偶联物包括间隔物或多功能连接体。在一些实施例中,间隔物或多功能连接体可包括不可切割或可切割单元,例如肽。
实用和应用
一些实施例提供了治疗有此需要的患者的方法,包括将本文公开和描述的活性剂-偶联物施用于所述患者。在一些实施例中,患者可能患有癌症,免疫疾病或糖尿病。
一些实施例提供了诊断或成像的方法,包括将本文公开和描述的活性剂-偶联物施用至个体。
特定结构
一些实施例提供了具有如式I结构的活性剂-偶联物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
A可以是靶向分子;
B可以是辅助部分,其任选地是第二靶向部分,或B可以为空;
L1包括2至5个碳的桥和至少一个硫原子;
每一个D是独立选择的,其中每一个D包括活性剂;
每一个L2是独立的连接体,其中至少一个L2连接到L1;以及
n可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,A可以是单克隆抗体(mAB)。
在一些实施例中,A可以是抗体片段,替代物,或变体。
在一些实施例中,A可以是蛋白配体。
在一些实施例中,A可以是蛋白支架。
在一些实施例中,A可以是肽。
在一些实施例中,A可以是小分子配体。
在一些实施例中,B可以是亲水性聚合物。在一些实施例中,所述亲水性聚合物可以是聚乙二醇(PEG)等。在一些实施例中,B可以是可生物降解的聚合物。在一些实施例中,生物可降解聚合物可以是非结构化的蛋白质聚氨基酸,多肽,多糖及其组合。
在一些实施例中,B可以是单克隆抗体(mAB)。
在一些实施例中,B可以是抗体片段,替代物,或变体。
在一些实施例中,B可以是蛋白配体。
在一些实施例中,B可以是蛋白支架。
在一些实施例中,B可以是肽。
在一些实施例中,B可以是RNA或DNA。
在一些实施例中,B可以是RNA或DNA片段。
在一些实施例中,B可以是小分子配体。
在一些实施例中,D可以是生物活性化合物。
在一些实施例中,D可以是药物。
在一些实施例中,D可以是化疗药物。
在一些实施例中,D可以是天然产物。
在一些实施例中,D可以是免疫调节剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是微管蛋白结合剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是DNA烷化剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是HSP90抑制剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是DNA拓扑异构酶抑制剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是抗后生剂(anti-epigenetic agent)。
在一些实施例中,D可以是HDAC抑制剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是抗代谢剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是蛋白酶体抑制剂。
在一些实施例中,D可以是肽。
在一些实施例中,D可以是肽拟似物。
在一些实施例中,D可以是siRNA。
在一些实施例中,D可以是反义DNA。
在一些实施例中,D可以是埃博霉素A、埃博霉素B、或紫杉醇。
在一些实施例中,L2可以包括间隔物或多功能连接体。在一些实施例中,L2可以包括间隔物或多功能连接体。在一些实施例中,L2可以包括多功能连接体。在一些实施例中,每一个L2可以是连接体,其中连接体可以是在生物学条件下可切割的或不可切割的。在一些实施例中,所述连接体可以是酶可切割的。在一些实施例中,L2可以包括连接体。
在一些实施例中,L1包括2至5碳的桥和至少一个硫原子。在一些实施例中,L1包括2至5碳的桥和至少两个硫原子。在一些实施例中,L1包括2至5碳的桥和间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1包括2至5碳的桥,至少两个硫原子和间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括一个或多个硫。在一些实施例中,所述L1可以包括两个或多个硫。在一些实施例中,所述L1可以精确包括两个硫。在一些实施例中,包括4碳的桥和/或间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1包括4碳的桥或间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1包括4碳的桥和间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1包括4碳的桥和至少两个硫原子。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物通过硫键连接到mAB。在一些实施例中,所述间隔物通过硫醚连接到mAB。
在一些实施例中,A包含至少一个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,A包含至少两个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,L1包含至少一个硫。在一些实施例中,L1包含至少两个硫。在一些实施例中,A包含连接到L1的至少一个硫的至少一个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,至少一个修饰的L-丙氨酸残基来自于偶联前的肽的L-半胱氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,L1的至少一个硫来自偶联前的肽的L-半胱氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,A和L1共同包含至少一个硫醚。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以是肽。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以包括寡糖。例如,连接体可以包括壳聚糖。在一些实施例中,L2可包括连接体和-(CH2)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,L2可包括连接体和-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以包括-(CH2)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以包括Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB等。
在一些实施例中,连接体可以包括肽、寡糖、-(CH2)n-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB等的任一组合。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以包括肽。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以包括寡糖。例如,所述间隔物可以包括壳聚糖。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以包括-(CH2)n-其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括包含4碳桥和-(CH2)n-的组分,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括包含4碳桥和-(CH2CH2O)n-的组分,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以包括Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB等。
在一些实施例中,所述间隔物可以是肽、寡糖、-(CH2)n-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、PAB等的任一组合。
在一些实施例中,L1可以包括4碳桥。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括通过稠合芳香环的4碳桥。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括包含通过稠合芳香环的4碳桥的组分和间隔物。在一些实施例中,L1可以包括,但不仅限于、等。
在一些实施例中,具有式I结构的试剂-偶联物具有式Ia结构:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
在一些实施例中,A的S-连接(硫-连接)部分包含修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,A的S-连接(硫-连接)部分包含连接到L1的硫的修饰的L-丙氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,A的S-连接(硫-连接)部分包含修饰的L-丙氨酸残基,其中A的修饰的L-丙氨酸组分来自偶联前肽的L-半胱氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,L1的硫来自偶联前肽的L-半胱氨酸残基。在一些实施例中,A和L1包含硫醚。在一些实施例中,具有式Ia结构的化合物可以由包括至少一个L-半胱氨酸的肽形成,其中所述L-半胱氨酸提供A的修饰的L-丙氨酸和的硫。在一些实施例中,具有式Ia结构的化合物可以由包括至少两个L-半胱氨酸的肽形成,其中这两个L-半胱氨酸提供A的两个修饰的L-丙氨酸和的两个硫。
在一些实施例中,具有式I结构的试剂-偶联物具有式Ib结构:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中A-组分可以是靶向部分、E-组分可以是杂芳基或杂环基,L3可以是任意取代的C1-C6烷基,或L3可以为空,当L3为空时,所述硫直接连接到E-组分;以及L4可以是任意取代的C1-C6烷基,或L4可以为空,当L4为空时,硫直接连接到E-组分。在一些实施例中,L3可以是-(CH2)-;和L4可以是-(CH2)-。在一些实施例中,L3可以为空;以及L4可以为空。
在一些实施例中,所述E-组分包括选自下组的片段:
在一些实施例中,所述活性剂可以是选自下组的:微管蛋白结合剂,DNA烷化剂,DNA嵌入剂,酶抑制剂,免疫调节剂,肽和核苷酸。
在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括-(CH2)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括-(CH2CH2O)n-,其中n是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、或10。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、或PAB。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2包括肽、寡糖、-(CH2)n-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、Val-Cit-PAB、Val-Ala-PAB、Val-Lys(Ac)-PAB、Phe-Lys-PAB、Phe-Lys(Ac)-PAB、D-Val-Leu-Lys、Gly-Gly-Arg、Ala-Ala-Asn-PAB、Ala-PAB、或PAB。在一些实施例中,至少一个L2可以包括以下、由以下组成、或基本上由以下组成:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,具有结构I的试剂-偶联物有如下结构:
在一些实施例中,所述试剂-偶联物可以包括选自下组的一个或多个组分:氨基酸,氨基酸残基,氨基酸类似物,以及修饰的氨基酸。
如本文所用,术语“靶向部分”指与生物部分或其片段相结合或相连的结构。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是抗体。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是单克隆抗体(mAB)。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是抗体片段、替代物、或突变体。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是蛋白质配体。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是蛋白质支架。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是肽。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是RNA或DNA。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是RNA或DNA片段。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是小分子配体。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是抗体片段,在Janthur等有描述,“药物偶联物,如抗体药物偶联物(ADCs)、免疫毒素和免疫脂质体挑战每日临床实践(Drug ConjugatesSuch as Antibody Drug Conjugates(ADCs),Immunotoxins and ImmunoliposomesChallenge Daily Clinical Practice),”Int.J.Mol.Sci.2012,13,16020-16045中,其中披露的部分通过引用整体并入本文。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是抗体片段,描述在Trail,PA,“抗体药物偶联物用于治疗癌症(Antibody Drug Conjugates as CancerTherapeutics)”Antibodies 2013,2,113-129,其中披露的部分通过引用整体并入本文。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是HuM195-Ac-225、HuM195-Bi-213、安雅拉(Anyara)(他那莫单抗(naptumomab estafenatox);ABR-217620)、AS1409、泽娃灵(Zevalin)(替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan))、BIIB015、BT-062、纽迪(Neuradiab)、CDX-1307、CR011-vcMMAE、曲妥珠单抗-DM1(R3502)、贝沙(Bexxar)(托西莫单抗)、IMGN242、IMGN388、IMGN901、131I-拉妥珠单抗(labetuzumab)、IMMU-102(90Y-依帕珠单抗)、IMMU-107(90Y-昔妥珠单抗(clivatuzumab tetraxetan))、MDX-1203、CAT-8015、EMD 273063(hu14.18-IL2)、图妥珠单抗(Tucotuzumab celmoleukin)(EMD 273066;huKS-IL2)、188Re-PTI-6D2、蔻塔(Cotara)、L19-IL2、特鲁金(Teleukin)(F16-IL2)、特那德(Tenarad)(F16-131I)、L19-131I、L19-TNF、PSMA-ADC、DI-Leu16-IL2、SAR3419、SGN-35、或CMC544。在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以包括以下的抗体部分,由以下的抗体部分组成,或基本上由以下的抗体部分组成:HuM195-Ac-225、HuM195-Bi-213、安雅拉(Anyara)(他那莫单抗(naptumomabestafenatox);ABR-217620)、AS1409、泽娃灵(Zevalin)(替伊莫单抗(ibritumomabtiuxetan))、BIIB015、BT-062、纽迪(Neuradiab)、CDX-1307、CR011-vcMMAE、曲妥珠单抗-DM1(R3502)、贝沙(Bexxar)(托西莫单抗)、IMGN242、IMGN388、IMGN901、131I-拉妥珠单抗(labetuzumab)、IMMU-102(90Y-依帕珠单抗)、IMMU-107(90Y-昔妥珠单抗(clivatuzumabtetraxetan))、MDX-1203、CAT-8015、EMD 273063(hu14.18-IL2)、图妥珠单抗(Tucotuzumabcelmoleukin)(EMD 273066;huKS-IL2)、188Re-PTI-6D2、蔻塔(Cotara)、L19-IL2、特鲁金(Teleukin)(F16-IL2)、特那德(Tenarad)(F16-131I)、L19-131I、L19-TNF、PSMA-ADC、DI-Leu16-IL2、SAR3419、SGN-35、或CMC544。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以是本妥昔单抗(Brentuximab vedotin)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab emtansine)、奥英妥珠单抗(Inotuzumab ozogamicin)、洛妥珠单抗(Lorvotuzumab mertansine)、格巴妥莫单抗(Glembatumumab vedotin)、SAR3419、莫妥莫单抗(Moxetumomab pasudotox)、莫妥莫单抗(Moxetumomab pasudotox)、AGS-16M8F、AGS-16M8F、BIIB-015、BT-062、IMGN-388、或IMGN-388。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以包括以下的抗体部分,由以下的抗体部分组成,或基本上由以下的抗体部分组成:本妥昔单抗(Brentuximab vedotin)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab emtansine)、奥英妥珠单抗(Inotuzumab ozogamicin)、洛妥珠单抗(Lorvotuzumab mertansine)、格巴妥莫单抗(Glembatumumab vedotin)、SAR3419、莫妥莫单抗(Moxetumomab pasudotox)、莫妥莫单抗(Moxetumomab pasudotox)、AGS-16M8F、AGS-16M8F、BIIB-015、BT-062、IMGN-388、或IMGN-388。
在一些实施例中,靶向部分可以包括以下、由以下组成或基本上由以下组成:本妥昔单抗(Brentuximab)、奥英妥珠单抗(Inotuzumab)、吉妥珠单抗(Gemtuzumab)、米妥珠单抗(Milatuzumab)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)、格巴妥莫单抗(Glembatumomab)、洛妥珠单抗(Lorvotuzumab)、或拉妥珠单抗(Labestuzumab)。
如本文所用,术语“肽”指包含一个或多个组分的结构,每个组分可以独立选自下组:氨基酸、氨基酸残基、氨基酸类似物、以及修饰的氨基酸。组分之间典型地通过酰胺键相连。
在一些实施例中,肽,例如抗体,是PEG化的。PEG化可以提高,例如,多肽的稳定性和/或效力。本领域已知的PEG化方法可以在本文提供的方法和组合物中使用。这些方法包括,但不限于,在以下文献提供的方法:Khalili等的“比较性结合二硫键桥联的PEG-Fabs(Comparative Binding of Disulfide-Bridged PEG-Fabs)”,Bioconjugate Chemistry(2012),23(11),2262年至2277年;“组氨酸标签处的位点特异性聚乙二醇化”Cong等,Bioconjugate Chemistry(2012),23(2),248-263;“基于蛋白质聚乙二醇化的二硫键(Disulfide bridge based PEGylation of proteins)”Brocchini等,Advanced DrugDelivery Reviews(2008年),60(1),3-12;Balan等“利用三碳桥的蛋白质二硫键位点特异性聚乙二醇化(Site-Specific PEGylation of Protein Disulfide Bonds Using aThree-Carbon Bridge)”,Bioconjugate Chemistry(2007),18(1),61-76;Shaunak等“在治疗性蛋白质天然二硫键的位点特异性PEG化(Site-specific PEGylation of nativedisulfide bonds in therapeutic proteins)”,Nature Chemical Biology(2006),2(6),312-313;“PEG衍生物缀合蛋白质和肽在药物的用途(PEG derivative conjugatedproteins and peptides for use in pharmaceuticals)”戈德温等人,WO 2010/100430。所有上述的PEG化的参考文献都以其整体通过引用并入本文。
如本文所用,术语“氨基酸”包括天然氨基酸、含有能够形成酰胺键的N和羧酸的分子、通式NH2-CHR-COOH的分子或带有母体氨基酸的肽内的残基,其中“R”是许多不同的侧链之一。“R”可以是天然氨基酸中发现的取代基。“R”也可以指不是天然氨基酸的取代基。
如本文所用,术语“氨基酸残基”指与另一个氨基酸相连时,失去水分子后保留的氨基酸部分。
如本文所用,术语“氨基酸类似物”指氨基酸母体化合物的结构衍生物,它们因为一个元件而彼此不同。
如本文所用,术语“修饰的氨基酸”指带有“R”取代基,与20个遗传编码的氨基酸之一不相对应的氨基酸。
如本文所用,遗传编码的L-对映体氨基酸的简称是常规的,具体如下:D-氨基酸用小写字母表示,比如,D-脯氨酸=p,等。
表1
活性剂-偶联物中的某些氨基酸残基可以被其他氨基酸残基取代,并且不会显著不利影响肽的活性,在多数情况下,甚至会提高肽的活性。因而,优选实施方式还包括活性剂-偶联物的改变或突变形式,其中该结构中至少一个指定的氨基酸残基被另一个氨基酸残基或其衍生物和/或类似物取代。应注意,在优选的实施方式中,氨基酸取代物是保守的,即,取代的氨基酸残基与被取代的氨基酸残基具有相似的理化性质。
为了确定保守性氨基酸取代,可以方便的将氨基酸分为主要的两类:亲水性氨基酸和疏水性氨基酸-主要取决于氨基酸侧链的理化特性。这两类可以进一步被分为亚类,这样可以更明确的定义氨基酸侧链的特性。例如,亲水性氨基酸类可以进一步被分为酸性氨基酸、碱性氨基酸和极性氨基酸。疏水性氨基酸可以进一步被分为非极性氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸。对各类氨基酸的定义如下:
术语“亲水性氨基酸”指根据标准化的共同疏水性量表(normalized consensushydrophobicity scale),表现出疏水性<0的氨基酸(Eisenberg等.,1984,J.Mol.Biol.179:125-142)。遗传编码的亲水性氨基酸包括Thr(T)、Ser(S)、His(H)、Glu(E)、Asn(N)、Gln(Q)、Asp(D)、Lys(K)和Arg(R)。
术语“疏水性氨基酸”指根据标准化的共同疏水性量表,表现出疏水性>0的氨基酸(Eisenberg,1984,J.Mol.Biol.179:125-142)。遗传编码的疏水性氨基酸包括Pro(P)、Ile(I)、Phe(F)、Val(V)、Leu(L)、Trp(W)、Met(M)、Ala(A)、Gly(G)和Tyr(Y)。
术语“酸性氨基酸”指含有pK值小于7的侧链的亲水性氨基酸。酸性氨基酸通常由于缺失氢离子,而在生理pH下其侧链带负电。遗传编码的酸性氨基酸包括Glu(E)和Asp(D)。
术语“碱性氨基酸”指含有pK值大于7的侧链的亲水性氨基酸。碱性氨基酸通常由于与水合氢离子结合,在生理pH下其侧链带正电。遗传编码的碱性氨基酸包括His(H)、Arg(R)和Lys(K)。
术语“极性氨基酸”指这样一种亲水性氨基酸,在生理pH下,其侧链不带电,但是至少含有一个键,其中的两个原子共用的电子对离其中一个原子更近。遗传编码的极性氨基酸包括Asn(N)、Gln(Q)、Ser(S)和Thr(T)。
术语“非极性氨基酸”指这样一种疏水性氨基酸,在生理pH下,其侧链不带电,并且含有多根键,其中两个原子共用的电子对通常离两个原子等距(即侧链是非极性的)。遗传编码的非极性氨基酸包括Leu(L)、Val(V)、Ile(I)、Met(M)、Gly(G)和Ala(A)。
术语“芳香族氨基酸”指一种疏水性氨基酸,其侧链至少含有一个芳香族环或杂芳族环。在一些实施例中,芳香族环或杂芳族环可以含有一个或多个取代基,比如-OH、-SH、-CN、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-NO2、-NO、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR、-C(O)R、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NHR、-C(O)NRR等,其中每个R可以独立是(C1-C6)烷基、取代的(C1–C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烯基、取代的(C1-C6)烯基、(C1-C6)炔基、取代的(C1–C6)炔基、(C5–C20)芳基、取代的(C5-C20)芳基、(C6-C26)烷芳基、取代的(C6–C26)烷芳基、5-20元杂芳基、取代的5-20元杂芳基、6-26元烷杂芳基或取代的6-26元烷杂芳基。遗传编码的芳香族氨基酸包括Phe(F)、Tyr(Y)和Trp(W)。
术语“脂肪族氨基酸”指带有脂肪族烃侧链的疏水性氨基酸。遗传编码的脂肪族氨基酸包括Ala(A)、Val(V)、Leu(L)和Ile(I)。
氨基酸残基Cys(C)与众不同,因为它能够与其他的Cys(C)或含有磺酰基的氨基酸形成二硫键。Cys(C)残基(以及其他带有-SH侧链的氨基酸)可以以还原的游离-SH形式或氧化二硫键形式存在于肽中的能力影响Cys(C)残基是赋予肽的净亲水性还是净疏水性特征。根据标准化的共同疏水性量表,Cys(C)表现出0.29的疏水性Eisenberg,1984,萨普拉),但应理解,对于优选的实施方式,Cys(C)被分到极性亲水性氨基酸类,虽然通常的分类定义如上所述。
本领域技术人员应了解,上述分类定义并不相互排斥。因而,带有表现出两种或更多种理化性质侧链的氨基酸可以被收入多个类别中。例如,被极性取代基进一步取代的侧链具有芳香族部分的氨基酸,如Tyr(T),可以既表现出芳香族疏水性,又表现出极性或亲水性,因此既可以归到芳香族类又可以归到极性类。对本领域技术人员来说,对氨基酸进行适当的分类是显而易见的,尤其本文里已经将其详细公开。
虽然已经根据遗传编码的氨基酸示例了上述定义的类别,氨基酸取代无需限于,在某些实施例中优选不限于遗传编码的氨基酸。在多个实施例中,活性剂-偶联物可以含有遗传非编码氨基酸。因此,除了天然的遗传编码氨基酸,活性剂-偶联物中的氨基酸残基可以被天然的非编码氨基酸以及合成氨基酸取代。
为活性剂-偶联物提供有用取代的某些常见的氨基酸,包括(但不限于):β-丙氨酸(β-Ala)和其他的ω-氨基酸如3-氨基丙酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸(Dpr)、4-氨基丁酸等等;α-氨基异丁酸(Aib);ε-氨基己酸(Aha);δ-氨基戊酸(Ava);N-甲基甘氨酸或肌氨酸(MeGly);鸟氨酸(Orn);瓜氨酸(Cit);叔丁丙氨酸(t-BuA);叔丁甘氨酸(t-BuG);N-甲基异亮氨酸(MeIle);苯基甘氨酸(Phg);环己基丙氨酸(Cha);正亮氨酸(Nle);萘基丙氨酸(Nal);4-苯基苯丙氨酸,4-氯苯丙氨酸(Phe(4-Cl));2-氟苯丙氨酸(Phe(2-F));3-氟苯丙氨酸(Phe(3-F));4-氟苯丙氨酸(Phe(4-F));青霉胺(Pen);1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸(Tic);β-2-噻吩丙氨酸(Thi);甲硫氨酸亚砜(MSO);高精氨酸(hArg);N-乙酰赖氨酸(AcLys);2,4-二氨基丁酸(Dbu);2,3-二氨基丁酸(Dab);p-氨基苯丙氨酸(Phe(pNH2));N-甲基缬氨酸(MeVal);高半胱氨酸(hCys)、高苯丙氨酸(hPhe)和高丝氨酸(hSer);羟脯氨酸(Hyp),高脯氨酸(hPro)、N-甲基化的氨基酸和肽(N-取代的甘氨酸)。
其他在本文中没有特别提到的氨基酸残基可以基于它们自身的理化性质,根据本文的定义进行分类。
根据上述定义分类的遗传编码和常用的非编码氨基酸类别总结在下表2中。应理解,表2仅作描述目的,并无意作为用于取代本文所述活性剂-偶联物的氨基酸残基和衍生物的穷尽清单。
表2常用的氨基酸分类
其他在本文中没有特别提到的氨基酸残基可以基于它们自身的理化性质,根据本文的定义进行分类。
虽然在大多数情况下,活性剂-偶联物的氨基酸会被L-对映体氨基酸取代,但取代不限于L-对映体氨基酸。在多个实施例中,肽可以由至少一个D-对映体氨基酸组成。含有此种D-氨基酸的肽认为在口腔、肠道或血浆中比仅由L-氨基酸组成的肽对于降解更加稳定。
偶联方法
一步偶联
两步偶联,药物预装
两步偶联,药物在最后一步加入
一步偶联的实例
一般程序I
实例包括但不仅限于:
可以根据常规程序制备的其它化合物包括,但不限于,以下:
实例包括,但不仅限于,如下:
两步偶联,药物预装
方法:
实例包括,但不仅限于,如下:
偶联方法
总体方案II
实例包括但不仅限于以下:
偶联方法
总体方案III
实例包括但不仅限于,以下:
抗体-药物偶联
通用偶联过程-向pH 5.0-9.0的特定缓冲液,例如PBS配制的靶抗体(0.5-50毫克/毫升)中,加入当量的还原剂如TCEP和DTT。所述还原在0-40℃下进行0.5-40小时,同时轻轻搅拌或摇动,然后除通过柱或超滤除去还原剂。向pH 5.0-9.0的特定缓冲液,例如PBS配制的,含0-30%有机助溶剂,如DMA的部分还原的抗体(0.5-50毫克/毫升)中,加入当量的活化的具有二溴或二氯官能团的药物-连接体。该反应在0-40℃进行0.5-40小时,同时温和搅拌或摇动,通过HIC-HPLC监测。得到的ADC粗产品采用目前工艺水平进行必要的下游步骤,脱盐,缓冲液更改/配制,以及任选地,纯化。最终的ADC产物用HIC-HPLC,SEC,RP-HPLC法,以及任选的LC-MS表征。平均DAR通过UV吸收和/或MS光谱法计算。
通用合成步骤
通用步骤A-HATU介导的酰胺键生成
向无水DMF的酸(1.1当量相对于胺)中加入HATU(1当量相对于酸)和DIEA(2当量相对于酸),在室温下搅拌所得混合物1分钟。然后将混合物加入到在DMF中的胺溶液,室温下搅拌反应混合物,直到反应完成为止(用LC/MS检测)。在减压下去除溶剂,任选用反相HPLC纯化残留物,得到最终的纯品。
通用步骤B-DIC/HOAt介导的酰胺键生成
向无水DMF的羧酸(1.1当量),胺和HOAt(1.1当量)的搅拌溶液中加入DIC(1.1当量),在室温下搅拌反应混合物。反应结束后(用LC/MS检测),在减压下去除溶剂,任选用反相HPLC纯化残留物,得到最终的纯品。
通用步骤C-使用HCl/二氧六环,去除酸敏感的保护性基团(Boc,THP,t-Bu)
含有酸敏感的保护性基团的化合物溶解在4N HCl/二氧六环中,在室温下搅拌混合物2h。在减压下浓缩溶液,用冷的乙醚洗涤残留物2次。如果需要,用反相HPLC进行纯化。
通用步骤D-去除Fmoc基团
含有Fmoc的化合物溶解在DMF配制的2-5%哌啶中。室温下搅拌混合物1h。在减压下去除溶液。如果需要,用反相HPLC进行纯化。
通用步骤E-还原烷基化
胺溶解在DMF中,加入乙醛(5当量),之后再加入氰基硼氢化钠(5当量)。加入HOAc调节反应混合物的pH至4-5。室温下搅拌混合物,直到反应结束为止(1-4h,用HPLC检测)。如果需要,用反相HPLC进行纯化。
通用步骤F-皂化反应-从酯类去除Me/Et
向搅拌的甲醇中的酯溶液内加入1M LiOH水溶液,直到混合物的pH约为13-14,在室温下搅拌反应混合物,直到反应结束为止(~16h,用HPLC检测)。加入柠檬酸(~10%,水溶液)中和反应,在减压下去除溶剂。任选用反相HPLC纯化粗产品或直接用于下一步。
通用步骤G-用二(对硝基苯基)碳酸酯激活羟基/苯酚基团
向搅拌的THF/DMF(2/1)的乙醇/苯酚溶液中加入二(对硝基苯基)碳酸酯(3-5当量),之后再加入DIEA(2-4当量),室温下搅拌反应混合物,直到大部分的原料被耗尽为止。用LC/MS监测反应进程。任选用快速柱色谱法或沉淀法纯化粗产品,并洗涤。
通用步骤H-胺和环酐(戊二酐或琥珀酐)的反应
含有胺的化合物溶解在DMF中。加入戊二酐(3当量),之后再加入DIEA(4当量)。室温下搅拌混合物,直到大部分的原料被耗尽为止。用LC/MS监测反应进程。用反相HPLC纯化粗产品,得到纯的羧酸。
通用步骤I-用对硝基苯基碳酸酯(如FmocVC-PAB-PNP)形成氨基甲酸酯
含有胺的化合物溶解在DMF中,加入烷基/芳基对硝基苯基碳酸酯(1.5当量),之后再加入DIEA(2当量)和HOBt(cat.,5%)。室温下搅拌反应混合物,直到大部分的胺被耗尽为止。用LC/MS监测反应进程。任选用反相HPLC纯化粗产品,得到纯的氨基甲酸酯。
通用步骤J-形成来源于酸的活性酯(如NHS)
酸溶解在DCM中,如有需要,加入DMF以助溶解。加入N-羟基琥珀酼亚胺(1.5当量),之后再加入EDC.HCl(1.5当量)。室温下搅拌反应混合物1h,直到大部分的酸被耗尽为止。用反相HPLC监测反应进程。用DCM稀释混合物,依次用柠檬酸(水溶液,10%)和盐水进行洗涤。干燥有机层,浓缩至干。任选用反相HPLC或硅胶柱色谱法纯化粗产品。
偶联方法。通过形成环状结构在两个Cys残基上进行偶联
两步法
一步法
三唑一步法
三嗪一步法
实验详述
步骤1.药物-连接体构建物合成(-L2-D)
药物-连接体构建物合成方法,但不仅限于:
方法1-1:连接体与药物经由氨基甲酸酯键连接,活化及氨基甲酸酯的形成使用通
用方法G或I,予除去保护基团采用通用方法C,D或F。
通用方案I
方法1-2:连接体和药物通过还原烷基化反应连接(通用方法E)
通用方法方案II
方法1-3.含有羧酸部分的活性分子通过形成异羟肟酸酯(hydoxamate)连接到烷氧基氨基连接体(通用方法A或B),然后除去保护基团。
通用方法方案III
对于作为异羟肟酸(hydoxamic acid)的活性分子,上述方法仍然可以使用,因为该构建物在酶裂解的条件下释放出异羟肟酸。该反应需要从它的相应羧酸开始。
通用方案IV
步骤2.引入官能团到L1-(L2-D)
方法2.邻苯二胺部分的引入
通用方案V
使用标准的酰胺化反应(通用方法B)将3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸引入。在乙腈/水中用连二亚硫酸钠(3当量)还原硝基,得到所需的邻-苯二胺。MS测定值:1504.8(M+H)+。
步骤3.在偶联前引入最后的官能团
在偶联前引入最后的官能团的方法,但不限于:
方法3-1.二溴甲基喹喔啉的形成
将所述邻苯二胺化合物溶解在乙腈/水中。加入二溴甲基二酮。将混合物在室温下搅拌,并用RP-HPLC直接纯化,得到所需的喹喔啉。
方法3-2.二氯三嗪的形成
向搅拌并冷却(冰浴)的胺化合物(12mg)的DMF溶液(1mL)中加入氰尿酰氯(10毫克)的THF(0.5毫升)和DIEA(5μL)的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后减压下浓缩。残余物通过RP-HPLC纯化,得到所需的二氯三嗪(11毫克),冻干后为白色粉末。MS测定为1383.9(M+H)+。
方法3-3.二氯甲基三唑的形成
于VC-PAB-MMAE(30毫克)的乙腈/水的搅拌溶液(2毫升,6/4,体积/体积)中加入三唑NHS酯(15毫克)的乙腈(0.5mL)和饱和NaHCO3的水溶液(0.1毫升)。将反应混合物通过RP-HPLC纯化,得到所需产物,冷冻干燥后为白色粉末(28毫克)。MS测定:1356.9(M+H)+。
实施例I.化合物10的合成
方案I
方案I.试剂和条件:i.SOCl2、EtOH;ii.DEPC、TFA、DCM;iii.TFA、DCM;iv.BrOP、DCM、DIEA;v.TFA、DCM;iv.DIEA、DCM、HOBt。
在0℃向化合物1(23.4克,81.53mmol)的干燥乙醇(200ml)溶液加入亚硫酰氯(100毫升)。将混合物搅拌过夜并真空蒸发除去溶剂。残余物立即用于下一步骤而不经进一步纯化。在0℃向化合物2(81.53毫摩尔),化合物3(50克,163.1mmol)的无水DMF溶液(150毫升)加入DEPC(15.9克,97.8毫摩尔),TEA(41克,0.408摩尔)。将混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。真空蒸发除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯-甲苯(2:1,900ml)稀释,并用1M KHSO4,水,饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。将有机层干燥并浓缩,得到残余物,将其经柱纯化(己烷:乙酸乙酯:DCM=5:1:1),得到化合物4,38克。
在0℃向Boc-Val-OH(30.6克,0.142摩尔),化合物5(来源于25克化合物4)的DCM溶液(400毫升)中,加入BrOP(28克,70.87毫摩尔),DIEA(30克,0.236摩尔)。将混合物避光并在0℃搅拌0.5小时,然后在室温下搅拌该混合物48小时。在真空中蒸发除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯-甲苯(3:1,900毫升)稀释,并用1M KHSO4,水,饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。将有机层干燥并浓缩,得到残余物,将其通过硅胶柱纯化(己烷:乙酸乙酯:DCM=3:1:1),得到22克化合物7。
在低于10℃向化合物7(40克,66.7毫摩尔)的THF溶液(600毫升)加入氢氧化锂(14克,0.33摩尔)和水(300毫升)的混合物。将混合物在25℃搅拌5天。蒸发除去THF。将水层用Et2O(200毫升×3)洗涤。将水层用1N盐酸在0℃下酸化至pH2,将混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层用水洗和盐水洗涤。将有机层干燥并浓缩,得到残余物,将其用制备型HPLC纯化,得到14克化合物8。
向化合物8(3克)的DCM溶液(100毫升)中加入化合物9(3克,根据通用方法J利用EDC和五氟苯酚从Boc-N-Me-Val-OH制得),之后加入DIEA(2.6毫升),然后添加HOBt(cat.,100毫克),将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。减压除去溶剂,将残留物在硅胶柱上纯化得到化合物10,为白色粉末(3.1克)。MS m/z计算为C35H64N4O9684.5,实测值707.6([M+Na]+)。
实施例II-1.化合物13的合成。
方案II-1
方案II-1.试剂和条件:i.DIC/HOAt、DMF,室温,16h;ii.HCl/二氧六环。
根据之前报道的工艺(ARKIVOC 2004(xii)14-22、或WO 2007146695)使用Boc保护的氨基酸和环丙基/甲基磺酰胺合成氨基酸磺酰胺衍生物11,之后去除Boc(通用方法C)。
如下所示,用上述的通用方法合成化合物13:DIC/HOAt介导Boc-N-Me-Val-Val-Dil-Dap-OH(化合物1)和胺11之间形成酰胺键(通用方法B),之后去除Boc(通用方法C)。用反相HPLC纯化最终的化合物,得到化合物13,冻干后为白色粉末。MS m/z计算的C42H70N6O9S834.5、实测835.6([M+H]+)。
实施例II-2.化合物16的合成
方案II-2
方案II-2.试剂和条件:i.DIC/HOAt、DMF、rt、16h;ii.HCl/二氧六环。
根据之前报道的工艺(ARKIVOC 2004(xii)14-22、或WO 2007146695)使用Boc保护的氨基酸和环丙基/甲基磺酰胺合成氨基酸磺酰胺衍生物14,之后去除Boc(通用方法步骤C)。
如下所示,用上述的通用方法合成化合物16:DIC/HOAt介导Boc-N-Me-Val-Val-Dil-Dap-OH(化合物10)和胺14之间的酰胺键形成(通用方法B),之后去除Boc(通用方法C)。用反相HPLC纯化最终的化合物,得到化合物16,冻干后为白色粉末。MS m/z计算的C41H70N6O10S 838.5、实测839.6([M+H]+)。
实施例II-3.化合物20的合成
方案IIC
方案IIc.试剂和条件:i.二(硝基苯基)碳酸酯、DIEA、THF/DMF、室温;
ii.6-氨基己酸、NaHCO3(水溶液);iii.HCl/二氧六环(4N);iv.HCHO、NaCNBH3、DMF、HOAc。
用3当量的二(对硝基苯基)碳酸酯处理苯酚16(1mmol),形成活化的碳酸酯17(通用方法G)。粗产品不需进一步纯化直接使用。6-氨基己酸(5当量)溶解在饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(5mL)中,并加入该溶液。室温下搅拌反应混合物16h。加入柠檬酸(水溶液,10%)酸化反应(pH为4-5),然后用乙酸乙酯(150mL)稀释。干燥有机层(用Na2SO4),浓缩得到粗产品18,随后经历下述步骤:去除Boc(通用方法C),用甲醛作还原烷基化。用反相HPLC纯化终产品,得到化合物20,冻干后为白色粉末。MS m/z计算的C48H81N7O13S 995.6、实测996.4([M+H]+)。
实施例III.合成烷氧基胺连接体24,25,26和27
方案III
方案III试剂和条件:i.SOCl2、THF、1h;ii.N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、NaHCO3、DMF、室温、48h;iii.NH2NH2.H2O、HOAc、DMF。
实施例III-1.化合物24的合成
向搅拌的Fmoc-VA-PAB(21)(Bioconjugate Chem.,2002,13,855-859)(9g,15mmol)的THF(200mL)溶液中逐滴加入亚硫酰氯(18mmol)。添加完成后,室温下搅拌反应混合物1h。TLC分析(乙酸乙酯/己烷,1/1,v/v)显示反应完成。减压除溶剂,用己烷(100mL)洗涤残留物,得到化合物22,为浅黄色固体(8.8g)。
化合物22(6.2g,10mmol)溶解在无水DMF(100mL)中。加入N-羟基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺(3.2g,20mmol),之后加入固体NaHCO3(3.4g,40mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌48h。TLC分析显示大部分的化合物61被耗尽。之后反应用乙酸乙酯(500mL)进行稀释,依次用饱和的NaHCO3水溶液(3×200mL)和盐水(200mL)洗涤。干燥有机层,浓缩得到化合物23,为黄褐色固体,不需进一步纯化直接使用。
上步得到的粗的化合物23溶解在DMF(100mL)中。加入HOAc(6mL),之后加入水合肼(5mL)。室温搅拌反应混合物1h。LC/MS显示反应完成。反应混合物之后被倒入装有1L水的烧杯中,并搅拌。过滤收集沉淀的固体,用水洗涤2次,得到化合物24,为白色固体(纯度>85%,可以直接使用)。反相HPLC纯化后得到纯的化合物63。MS m/z计算的C30H34N4O5 530.3,实测531.4([M+H]+)。
实施例III-2。化合物25的合成
对于化合物25的合成,使用上述的方法用化合物Fmoc-VC-PAB(BioconjugateChem.,2002,13,855-859)作为起始化合物合成化合物25。MS m/z计算的C33H40N6O6 616.3,实测617.5([M+H]+)。
实施例III-3.化合物26的合成
对于化合物26的合成,使用上述的方法用化合物Fmoc-A-PAB(根据已报道的工艺合成:Bioconjugate Chem.,2002,13,855-859)作为起始化合物合成化合物26。MS m/z计算的C25H25N3O4 431.2,实测432.6([M+H]+)。
实施例III-4.化合物27的合成
对于化合物27的合成,使用上述的方法用化合物Fmoc-Ahx-PAB作为起始化合物合成化合物27。MS m/z计算的C28H31N3O4 473.2,实测474.3([M+H]+)。
实施例IV.–L1-(L2-D)的合成
方案IV
方案IV.试剂和条件:i.DIC、HOAt、DMF、室温;ii.哌啶、DMF;iii.HATU、DIEA、DMF;iv.Na2S2O4、MeCN、H2O、pH=6。
实施例IV-1.化合物32的合成
如下所示,化合物32的合成使用上述的通用方法:DIC/HOAT介导奥瑞他汀F和化合物26之间形成酰胺键(通用方法B),随后除去Fmoc(通用方法D)中,与酸30反应(通用方法A),并将硝基还原成氨基。
硝基化合物31(32毫克)溶于乙腈/水(6/4,体积/体积)并加入连二亚硫酸钠(1M水溶液,0.2mL)溶液。该反应的pH值通过加入MES缓冲液控制在6-6.5。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,并通过RP-HPLC直接纯化,冷冻干燥(18毫克)后,得到所需产物,为白色固体。MS实测值1319.0(M+H)+。
实施例V.偶联反应前最后的官能团的引入
实施例V-1.二溴甲基喹喔啉的形成
将邻苯二胺化合物32(12毫克)溶于乙腈/水(1毫升)中。加入二溴甲基二酮(10毫克)。将混合物在室温下搅拌,并通过RP-HPLC直接纯化,得到所需的喹喔啉40,冻干后为白色粉末(12毫克)。MS测定1526.4(M+H)+。
采用上述合成化合物40的合成方法,从相应的邻-苯二胺合成化合物34,42,43,44,45,46和47。
实施例V-2.二氯三嗪的形成
向搅拌并冷却的胺化合物35(12毫克)的DMF溶液(1mL)中加入氰尿酰氯(10毫克)的THF(0.5毫升)和DIEA(5μL)溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后减压浓缩。残余物通过RP-HPLC纯化,得到所需二氯三嗪36(11毫克),冻干后为白色粉末。MS测定1383.9(M+H)+。
化合物41的合成使用上述化合物36的相同的合成方法,MS实测1281.2(M+H)+。
实施例V-3.二氯甲基三嗪的形成
向搅拌中的VC-PAB-MMAE(38,30毫克)的乙腈/水溶液(2毫升,6/4,体积/体积)中加入三唑NHS酯(37,15毫克)的乙腈(0.5毫升)和饱和NaHCO3水溶液(0.1毫升)。将反应混合物通过RP-HPLC纯化,得到所需产物39,冷冻干燥(28毫克)后为白色粉末。MS测定:1356.9(M+H)+。
实施例V-4.化合物50的合成
方案V-4.试剂和条件:i.Fmoc-Ahx-OH(氨基己酸)、DIC、DCM、Py、室温、48h;
ii.哌啶、DMF;iii.DIC、HOBt;iv.二溴甲基二酮。
将Fmoc-AHX-OH(353毫克)悬浮在无水DCM(5mL)中并加入DIC(0.5毫摩尔)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。加入美登醇(化合物51,56毫克)到该混合物中,接着加入0.5毫升吡啶。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。减压除去溶剂,残余物经柱层析(硅胶,EA/己烷)纯化,得到化合物52,为白色固体(45毫克),将其用哌啶处理以除去Fmoc(通用方法D)中,然后使用DIC/HOBt(通用方法B,用HOBt代替HOAT)与3,4-二氨基苯甲酸进行酰胺化反应,在HPLC纯化和冷冻干燥后得到化合物54(22毫克),为淡黄色粉末。然后使用上述与合成化合物40的相同的方法将化合物54转化为所需的化合物50。MS测定1020.4(M+H)+。
抗体-药物偶联物
通用偶联方法–向pH为5.0-9.0的特定缓冲液,例如PBS配制的靶抗体(0.5-50毫克/毫升)中,加入当量的还原剂,如TCEP和DTT。还原在0-40℃下进行0.5-40小时,并轻轻搅拌或摇动,然后还原剂通过柱或超滤除去。向pH为5.0-9.0的特定缓冲液,例如PBS配制的,含0-30%有机助溶剂,如DMA的部分还原的抗体(0.5-50毫克/毫升)中加入当量的带有二溴或二氯官能团的活化药物-连接体。该反应在0-40℃进行0.5-40小时,温和搅拌或摇动,通过HIC-HPLC监测。得到的粗制ADC产品进行必要的下游步骤,脱盐,缓冲液更改/配制,以及任选地,采用新水平工艺净化。最终的ADC产物用HIC-HPLC,SEC,RP-HPLC法,以及任选的LC-MS表征。通过UV吸收和/或MS光谱法计算平均DAR。
如通用偶联方法所述。曲妥珠单抗和化合物34以各种药物/抗体的比例合并。曲妥珠单抗在10mM TCEP的储备溶液中,在37℃下温育小时。还原后,用凝胶过滤柱除去过量的TCEP。还原的曲妥珠单抗然后与化合物34在0至40℃下以1至10的药物/抗体比混合。过夜反应后,用凝胶过滤柱将过量的化合物34从曲妥珠单抗-c-34偶联物中除去。纯化的曲妥珠单抗的c-34偶联物储存在4至-20℃,也可以用于体外和体内试验。
偶联反应的产物使用HIC-HPLC在以下条件下进行分析:东曹TSK凝胶丁基NPR,4.6mmx3.5厘米,2.5毫米;缓冲液A:20mM磷酸钠,1.5M硫酸铵,pH值为7.0;缓冲液B:20mM磷酸钠,25%体积/体积异丙醇(isopronal),pH为7.0;流速:1毫升/分钟;梯度:10分钟内10%缓冲液B至80%缓冲液B,4分钟100%缓冲液B;20μL样品。
图1显示了以5.5:1的药物/抗体比率使得药物和抗体进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物,其中DAR表示每个抗体偶联的药物数量。图2显示了以6:1的药物/抗体比率使得药物和抗体进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物,其中DAR表示每个抗体偶联的药物数量。图3显示了以1:6.5的药物/抗体比率使得药物和抗体进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物,其中DAR表示每个抗体偶联的药物数量。图4显示了以1:4的药物/抗体比率使得药物和抗体进行反应的HIC-HPLC色谱产物,其中DAR表示每个抗体偶联的药物数量。在叠加图中,图4进一步显示了用FPLC纯化的DAR1,DAR2,DAR3,DAR4和DAR5峰的单独分离部分的HIC-HPLC色谱结果。图5示显示了每个FPLC级分的HIC-HPLC色谱,和插图,峰的重叠,以显示各峰的相对纯度。
在图4和5中所描绘的纯化组分用还原SDS-PAGE进行了进一步的分析。ADC样品用20mM DTT还原并加样至NuPAGE4-12%的Bis-Tris凝胶(生命技术公司-Life Technology)。其结果显示于图6中,其中缩写如下:
H-抗体重链
L-抗体轻链
HH-重链二聚体
HL-重链和轻链二聚体
HHL-重链-重链和轻链三聚体
IgG-两重链-两轻链四聚体
体外细胞毒性试验
对抗体-药物偶联物进行了细胞毒性分析。所用的细胞系是SK-BR-3人乳腺腺癌(HER2三重阳性),HCC1954人类导管癌(HER2三重阳性)。这些细胞可得自ATCC。SK-BR-3细胞生长于补充有10%胎牛血清的McCoy的5A培养基(沉井实验室,北洛根,犹他州)。HCC1954细胞培养于补充有10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基(沉井实验室,北洛根,犹他州)。SK-BR-3细胞以约7500个细胞/孔接种于96孔板中,以及HCC1954细胞以约20,000个细胞/孔铺在96孔板中。抗体-药物偶联物在同一天一式两份加入。37℃温育72小时后,加入CellTiter-的Glo(Promega公司,麦迪逊,威斯康星州),并按照制造商的操作手册所描述的来测定细胞活力。百分存活率测定如下:%存活率=重复的平均发光值(处理孔)/未处理孔的平均发光值。
图7显示了SK-BR-3细胞针对7种样品的存活率:ADC_C1(DAR1来自图4和图5),ADC_C2(DAR2来自图4和图5),ADC_C3(DAR3来自图4和图5),ADC_C4(DAR4来自图4和图5),ADC_5(DAR5来自图4和图5),SeaGen(按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备的ADC),和T-DM1(按照出版的免疫原方法制备的ADC)。
图8显示了HCC1954细胞针对7种样品的存活率:ADC_C1(DAR1来自Figures 4and5)、ADC_C2(DAR2来自图4和5)、ADC_C3(DAR3来自图4和5)、ADC_C4(DAR4来自图4和5)、ADC_C5(DAR5来自图4和5)、按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备的ADC_VC-M MAE)、和T-DM1(按照出版的免疫原方法制备的ADC)。
图10显示了SK-BR-3细胞针对4种样品的存活率,ADC_C6(DAR2.4)和ADC_C7(DAR3.1)都用通用偶联方法制备和凝胶过滤柱纯化。SeaGen(按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备的ADC),和T-DM1(按照出版的免疫原方法制备的ADC)。
图11显示了HCC1954细胞针对4种样品的存活率,ADC_C6(DAR2.4来自图10)、ADC_C7(DAR3.1来自图10)、按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备的ADC_VC-M MAE、和T-DM1(按照出版的免疫原方法制备的ADC)。
抗体-药物偶联
在下述条件下:曲妥珠单抗用10mM TCEP的储备溶液,在37℃下温育小时,将曲妥珠单抗和化合物42以各种药物/抗体的比例混合。还原后,用凝胶过滤柱除去过量的TCEP。在0至40℃下,还原的曲妥珠单抗与化合物42以药物/抗体比范围从1至10混合。过夜反应后,用凝胶过滤柱将过量的化合物42从曲妥珠单抗-c-34偶联物中除去。纯化的曲妥珠单抗的c-42偶联物储存在4至-20℃,待用于体外和体内试验。
在下述条件下:曲妥珠单抗用10mM TCEP的储备溶液,在37℃下温育小时,将曲妥珠单抗和化合物40以各种药物/抗体的比例混合。还原后,用凝胶过滤柱除去过量的TCEP。在0至40℃下,还原的曲妥珠单抗与化合物40以药物/抗体比范围从1至10混合。过夜反应后,用凝胶过滤柱将过量的化合物40从曲妥珠单抗-c-34偶联物中除去。纯化的曲妥珠单抗的c-42偶联物储存在4至-20℃,也可以用于体外和体内试验。
偶联反应的产物用还原SDS-PAGE进行了进一步的分析。ADC样品用20mM DTT还原并加样至NuPAGE4-12%的Bis-Tris凝胶(生命技术公司)。其结果显示于图9中,其中缩写如下:
H-抗体重链
L+vc-MMAE-抗体轻链-vc-MMAE
L-抗体轻链
HH-重链二聚体
HL-重链和轻链二聚体
HHL-重链-重链和轻链三聚体
IgG-两重链-两轻链四聚体
cL-Duo3:曲妥珠单抗的c-42偶联物
cL-Duo6:曲妥珠单抗的c-40偶联物
体外细胞毒性实验
曲妥珠单抗-化合物42和曲妥珠单抗-化合物42偶联物进行了细胞毒性分析。细胞毒性方法如上面所述。
图12显示了SK-BR-3细胞对四种样品的存活率,曲妥珠单抗–c-Duo3(曲妥珠单抗-化合物42偶联物)、曲妥珠单抗–c-Duo6(曲妥珠单抗-化合物40偶联物)、曲妥珠单抗–vc-MMAE(按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备)、和曲妥珠单抗–c-MMAE(曲妥珠单抗-化合物34偶联物,按照出版的西雅图基因公司的方法制备)。
Claims (13)
13.一种药物组合物,其包括根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的活性剂-偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐。
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