TWI638064B - 藉由原子層沉積形成氮化矽之方法、相關之半導體結構及形成半導體結構的方法、及用於原子層沉積的矽前驅物 - Google Patents
藉由原子層沉積形成氮化矽之方法、相關之半導體結構及形成半導體結構的方法、及用於原子層沉積的矽前驅物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明揭示形成氮化矽之方法。在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積在一基板上形成氮化矽。將該已形成之氮化矽曝露於一電漿。可將該氮化矽形成為氮化矽之一部分及氮化矽之至少一個其他部分。可將氮化矽之該部分及氮化矽之該至少一個其他部分曝露於一電漿處理。本發明亦揭示形成一半導體結構之方法、半導體結構及矽前驅物。
Description
本文中所揭示之實施例係關於半導體製作(包含氮化矽之原子層沉積)、半導體結構(包含氮化矽)及形成半導體結構之方法。更特定而言,本發明之實施例係關於藉由原子層沉積形成氮化矽之低溫方法、半導體結構(包含氮化矽)、形成半導體結構之方法及用於原子層沉積之矽前驅物。
氮化矽(SiN)係在積體電路(IC)之製造中廣泛使用之一材料。由於氮化矽之低反應性及高熱穩定性,因此氮化矽被用作一絕緣材料、一遮罩材料、一蝕刻停止材料、一障壁材料、一間隔件材料等。 用於形成SiN之技術包含物理汽相沉積(PVD)及化學汽相沉積(CVD),諸如高溫熱CVD、電漿增強CVD (PECVD)、低壓CVD (LPCVD)或低溫熱大氣壓CVD (APCVD)。在一種製程中,矽烷(SiH4
)與氨(NH3
)發生反應以形成SiN。可使用其他矽前驅物,諸如鹵化矽。鹵化矽之實例包含四氯化矽(SiCl4
)、二氯矽烷(SiCl2
H2
)、三氯矽烷(SiHCl3
)、四碘化矽(SiI4
)、HSiI3
、H2
SiI2
、H3
SiI、H2
Si2
I4
、H4
Si2
I2
或H5
Si2
I。為了產生高品質SiN,PVD及CVD製程在通常大於750℃之一高溫下進行。然而,此等溫度並不與當前IC中所使用之材料相容,該等材料中之某些材料係熱敏性的。另外,使用一鹵化矽作為矽前驅物並非合意的,此乃因諸如鹽酸(HCl)等反應性鹵化物物質會作為副產物而產生。已知,反應性鹵化物物質為在半導體製作中所使用之蝕刻材料,諸如含矽材料。亦已知,鹵化矽使半導體製作中所使用之裝備降級(例如,腐蝕該裝備)。 隨著IC持續小型化,已開發用於在複雜形貌上形成SiN之額外技術。已使用原子層沉積(ALD)來形成SiN。矽烷、鹵化矽及NH3
CVD前驅物之反應性足以在大於450℃之溫度下或在一電漿環境中藉由ALD而形成SiN。然而,該等前驅物之反應性並不足以使其在較低溫度下或在不具有一電漿之情況下使用。雖然已使用電漿增強ALD (PEALD)來形成SiN,但SiN之階梯覆蓋率並不足以保形地覆蓋當前IC中存在之複雜形貌。PEALD前驅物包含H2n+2-y-z-w
Sin
Xy
Az
Rw
,其中n為1至10,y為1或大於1,z為0或大於0,w為0或大於0,X為碘或溴,且A為除X之外的一鹵素,且R為一有機配位體。另外,氫被併入到SiN中,氫會降低SiN之期望性質。此外,在PEALD製程之電漿部分期間所形成之經激發物質對於IC上之所曝露材料並非具選擇性,且因此,在經激發物質與所曝露材料之間會發生非期望反應。 亦研究了使用基於胺之前驅物(諸如,雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(BDEAS)及雙(第三丁基胺基)矽烷(BTBAS))作為ALD前驅物來形成SiN。然而,使用此等基於胺之前驅物之反應具有一高活化能,且因此,SiN之ALD無法在一低溫下進行。 亦曾使用SiI4
作為一前驅物來藉由ALD形成SiN。雖然形成SiN,但所得SiN並不具有足以在具有複雜形貌之IC中使用之品質。 隨著IC之大小持續減小且形貌變得越來越具挑戰性,SiN之形成變得越來越複雜。由於用於形成SiN之要求變得越來越嚴格,因此上文所提及之技術已無法以所要程度之保形性及在低溫下形成SiN。
優先權主張 本申請案主張於2016年8月12日提出申請之標題為「METHODS OF FORMING SILICON NITRIDE BY ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION, RELATED SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF FORMING THE SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, AND SILICON PRECURSORS FOR ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION」之第15/235,365號美國專利申請案之申請日期之權益。 本發明揭示在一低溫下在基板上形成高品質氮化矽(SiN)之方法、包含SiN之半導體結構及形成半導體結構之方法。SiN在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積(ALD)而形成。SiN之ALD形成在本文中被稱為一SiN形成行為。在SiN形成行為期間未使用電漿。在形成之後,將SiN曝露於一電漿處理,此在本文中被稱為一電漿處理行為。與藉由習用PVD、習用CVD或習用ALD製程製備之SiN相比,藉由本發明之實施例而形成之SiN展現經增大之對下伏材料之黏合性、經增大之階梯覆蓋率、經增大之濕式蝕刻速率阻力、經增大之對蒸汽之阻力及經增大之對氫(H2
)電漿之阻力。所得SiN亦展現一均勻組成及一高度保形性,且經形成處於被控制在幾埃(Å)內之一厚度。 如本文中所使用,術語「氮化矽」意指且包含包括矽原子及氮原子之一化合物。氮化矽可包含化學計量量之矽及氮(諸如Si3
N4
),或可包含非化學計量量之矽及氮(諸如Six
Ny
),其中x及y中之每一者獨立地為自約0.5至約2.0之一有理數。氮化矽亦可包含Si(CH)x
Ny
,其中x及y中之每一者獨立地為自約0.5至約2.0之一有理數。SiN中可存在少量之氫,諸如自約4原子%至約12原子%。SiN中可存在少量之碘或溴,諸如少於約1原子%。 如本文中所使用,術語「基板」意指且包含在其上形成額外材料之一基底材料或構造。基板可為一半導體基板、一支撐結構上之一基底半導體層、一金屬電極或其上形成有一或多個(種)材料、層、結構或區域之一半導體基板。半導體結構上之材料可包含但不限於半導電材料、絕緣材料、導電材料等。該等材料中之一或多者可為熱敏性的。基板可為一習用矽基板或包括一半導電材料層之其他塊狀基板。如本文中所使用,術語「塊狀基板」不僅意指且包含矽晶圓,而且意指且包含絕緣體上矽(「SOI」)基板(諸如,藍寶石上矽(「SOS」)基板及玻璃上矽(「SOG」)基板)、在一基底半導體底座上之外延矽層及其他半導體或光電材料(諸如,矽鍺、鍺、砷化鎵、氮化鎵及磷化銦)。基板可為經摻雜的或未經摻雜的。 如本文中所使用,術語「縱橫比」意指且包含一特徵之一高度對該特徵之一寬度之比率。 藉由本發明之實施例而形成之SiN可具有一高度保形性,諸如大於約80%之階梯覆蓋率、大於約85%之階梯覆蓋率、大於約90%之階梯覆蓋率或大於約95%之階梯覆蓋率。高度保形性使得能夠在高密度高縱橫比(HAR)半導體結構上形成SiN。由於SiN在一低溫下且在不使用一電漿之情況下形成,因此藉由本發明之實施例做出之SiN之形成與基板上在SiN之形成期間可能曝露之敏感性材料相容。 以下說明提供具體細節(諸如,材料類型、材料厚度及處理條件),以便提供對本文中所闡述之實施例之一透徹說明。然而,熟習此項技術者將理解,可在不採用此等具體細節之情況下實踐本文中所揭示之實施例。實際上,該等實施例可結合半導體工業中所採用之習用製作技術來實踐。另外,本文中所提供之說明不形成對一半導體結構或用於製造半導體結構之一完整製程流程之一完整說明,且下文所闡述之結構不形成一完整半導體結構。下文僅詳細地闡述理解本文中所闡述之實施例所必需之彼等過程行為及結構。用以形成包含本文中所闡述之結構之一完整半導體結構之額外行為可藉由習用技術而執行。 藉由兩個或兩個以上SiN形成行為以及兩個或兩個以上電漿處理行為,藉由ALD在基板上形成SiN。SiN之一部分最初在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由ALD形成於基板上。初始SiN部分在形成SiN之另一部分或另外若干部分之前會經受一電漿處理。SiN之另一部分或其他部分在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由ALD形成於該SiN部分上,後續接著對每一部分進行一電漿處理。可重複SiN形成及電漿處理行為,直至達成SiN之一所要厚度為止。SiN形成行為中之每一者皆在一無電漿環境中進行。亦即,在SiN部分之形成期間在一反應器中不產生電漿。反應器可為一習用反應室或一習用沉積室,諸如一習用ALD反應器,此處不再進行詳細闡述。然而,在SiN形成行為之後的電漿處理行為期間使用一電漿。另一選擇係,可形成SiN之兩個或兩個以上部分且然後使所有SiN部分經受一單個電漿處理。 在形成SiN之前,可視情況將基板曝露於氨(NH3
)氣體以製備基板表面。可將NH3
引入至含有基板之反應器中,且將基板曝露於NH3
達足以使基板與NH3
發生反應之一時間量。基板與NH3
之間的接觸時間可介於自約10秒至約180秒之範圍內。可在自約150℃至約250℃之一溫度下且在自約1托至約10托之一壓力下將基板曝露於NH3
。在不受限於任何理論之情況下,認為,NH3
會與用於SiN形成之基板發生反應並製備該基板之表面。僅以實例方式,NH3
可在於基板上形成SiN部分之前為基板表面提供一所要表面終止。 為了藉由ALD形成SiN部分,可使用一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物來分別在基板之一表面上形成矽單層及氮單層。矽前驅物用作SiN之矽源,且氮前驅物用作SiN之氮源。矽前驅物及氮前驅物之反應性可足以使得不需要一電漿來形成矽單層及氮單層。因此,SiN之矽單層及氮單層可在反應器中存在矽前驅物及氮前驅物時在不產生一電漿之情況下形成。可將矽前驅物及氮前驅物依序引入至含有基板以及與基板表面接觸之矽前驅物及氮前驅物之反應器中以形成矽單層及氮單層。矽前驅物可經調配以展現一充分穩定性,使得矽前驅物在處理溫度下不發生分解或不參與次級反應,同時該矽前驅物之反應性亦足以與基板之表面發生反應(例如,化學吸附至基板之表面)。矽前驅物在加熱時可為穩定的且在不發生分解之情況下產生足以提供一飽和劑量之矽前驅物之一蒸汽壓力。矽前驅物及氮前驅物中之每一者皆可經調配以形成於基板之表面上之若干位點上(例如,化學吸附至該等位點)或者以一自限制方式形成於下伏矽單層或氮單層上,從而分別產生矽單層及氮單層。可重複依序形成矽單層及氮單層,直至達成SiN之一所要厚度為止。 雖然SiN形成行為在本文中闡述為先將矽前驅物引入至反應器中且然後引入氮前驅物,但可顛倒引入矽前驅物及氮前驅物之次序,使得氮前驅物被引入至反應器中、與基板之表面接觸,且過量之未反應氮前驅物被自反應器排出以在基板上形成氮單層。然後,矽前驅物可被引入至反應器中、與氮單層接觸,且過量之未反應矽前驅物被自反應器排出以在氮單層上形成矽單層。 SiN形成行為可在低於或等於約275℃ (諸如,低於或等於約250℃)之一溫度下進行。該溫度可介於自約90℃至約275℃之範圍內,諸如自約100℃至約275℃、自約200℃至約275℃或自約200℃至約250℃。反應器內及基板之溫度在SiN形成行為期間可低於或等於約275℃。相對於形成SiN之習用高溫熱CVD、PECVD或PVD製程之熱預算,在其下形成SiN之低溫可減小熱預算。儘管基板上存在敏感性材料,但低溫亦可使得能夠保形地形成SiN。不加限制地,敏感性材料可包含但不限於硫屬化物材料、有機(例如,碳)材料、碳之同素異形體(例如,石墨)、反應性金屬(例如,鎢、鋁或鉭)或其他敏感性材料。因此,SiN可鄰近於此類敏感性材料而形成而不發生降級、分解或以其他方式不利地影響材料。 為了形成初始SiN部分之矽單層,矽前驅物可作為一固體或一液體被引入至反應器中、經加熱變為一反應物蒸汽且與基板表面或與氮單層接觸。一矽單層或少量矽可形成於基板上或形成於氮單層上。反應器可維持處於自約1托至約40托之一壓力,諸如在SiN形成行為期間處於約20托。矽前驅物可以自約1標準立方釐米(sccm)至約2000 sccm (諸如,自約1 sccm至約1000 sccm)之一流動速率被引入至反應器中。矽前驅物可藉助一載體氣體被引入至反應器中,該載體氣體諸如氦、氮、氬、氙、一氧化碳或其組合。載體氣體可以自約1 sccm至約500 sccm之一流動速率(諸如,以約300 sccm之一流動速率)被引入至反應器中。矽前驅物可保持處於反應器中達足以使矽接觸且化學吸附至基板表面或氮單層並形成矽單層之一時間量。僅以實例方式,矽前驅物可保持處於反應器中達自約0.01秒至約100秒,諸如自約10秒至約25秒。在一項實施例中,矽前驅物保持處於反應器中達約10秒。矽前驅物可視情況保持處於反應器中達一更長時間量以確保實質上完成成核作用。 矽前驅物可包含矽原子以及氫原子、碳原子、氮原子或其組合中之一或多者。矽前驅物可為溴化矽烷或碘化矽烷或者亞矽烷基化合物。溴化矽烷或碘化矽烷可包含但不限於四碘化矽(SiI4
)、四溴化矽(SiBr4
)或其組合。在某些實施例中,矽前驅物為SiI4
。在其他實施例中,矽前驅物為SiBr4
。亞矽烷基化合物可為具有一個二價矽原子且總體不具有電荷之一含矽化合物。亞矽烷基化合物可為飽和的或不飽和的(亦即,包含一碳-碳雙鍵)。在又其他實施例中,亞矽烷基前驅物為N,N’-二-第三丁基-1,3-二氮雜-2-矽雜環戊-4-烯-2-亞基,其具有以下化學結構:。 雖然個別前驅物被稱為四碘矽烷、四溴矽烷或亞矽烷基化合物,但為簡單及方便起見,前驅物在本文中被統稱為「矽前驅物」。矽前驅物可為可在商業上自眾多來源獲得的,該等來源諸如阿法埃莎公司(Alfa Aesar) (馬薩諸塞州沃德希爾市)、蓋勒斯特公司(Gelest, Inc.) (賓夕法尼亞州莫裡斯維爾市)、西格瑪奧德裡奇有限責任公司(Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC) (密蘇裡州聖路易斯市)或施特雷姆化學公司(Strem Chemicals, Inc.) (馬薩諸塞州紐伯裡波特市)。 然後,可自反應器移除(例如,排出)過量之未反應矽前驅物。可藉由將一惰性氣體(諸如,氦、氬、氙或其組合)引入至反應器中而移除未反應矽前驅物。惰性氣體可以自約1 sccm至約100 sccm之一流動速率(諸如,以約25 sccm)流動至反應器中。可在自約1托至約10托之一壓力下(諸如,在約2托下)對反應器進行排出操作達自約5秒至約30秒。在某些實施例中,矽前驅物被自反應器排出達約30秒。 為了形成初始SiN部分之氮單層,氮前驅物可作為一固體或一液體被引入至反應器中、經加熱變為一反應物蒸汽且與矽單層接觸。一氮單層或少量氮可形成於矽單層上。反應器可維持處於自約1托至約40托之一壓力,諸如處於約20托。氮前驅物可以自約1 sccm至約2000 sccm (諸如,自約1 sccm至約1000 sccm)之一流動速率被引入至反應器中。氮前驅物可藉助載體氣體被引入至反應器中,該載體氣體以自約1 sccm至約2000 sccm之一流動速率(諸如,以約1000 sccm之一流動速率)流動。氮前驅物可保持處於反應器中達足以使氮形成氮單層之一時間量。僅以實例方式,氮前驅物可保持處於反應器中達自約10秒至約25秒。在某些實施例中,氮前驅物保持處於反應器中達約5秒。 氮前驅物可為NH3
、肼(N2
H4
)、第三丁基肼、單烷基肼、二烷基肼或其組合。在某些實施例中,氮前驅物為NH3
。 然後,可藉由將一惰性氣體(諸如氦、氬、氙或其組合)引入至反應器中而自反應器移除(例如,排出)過量之未反應氮前驅物。惰性氣體可以自約1 sccm至約100 sccm之一流動速率(諸如,以約25 sccm)流動至反應器中。可在自約1托至約10托之一壓力下(諸如,在約2托下)對反應器進行排出操作達自約5秒至約30秒。在某些實施例中,過量之氮前驅物被自反應器排出達約30秒。 上文所闡述之壓力、流動速率及時間可取決於以下各項中之一或多者而增大或減小:反應器之體積、引入矽前驅物及氮前驅物之效率、泵送效率、分批式爐構造、下伏於SiN下之基板之材料及此項技術內已知之其他因素。 矽單層及氮單層可如上文所闡述依序形成,直至達成SiN之初始部分之一所要厚度為止。SiN之初始部分可經形成處於一最小厚度,諸如處於SiN之一總厚度之至少約50%之一厚度。初始SiN部分之厚度可足以實質上完全覆蓋下伏於SiN下之材料,此防止或減少在後續處理期間對下伏材料之損壞。初始SiN部分之厚度可佔SiN之總厚度之約80%至約90%。在某些實施例中,SiN之初始部分經形成為約20 Å之一厚度。 在不受限於任何理論之情況下,跟一氯矽烷(諸如四氯矽烷(SiCl4
))與NH3
之反應相比,上文所提及矽前驅物中之一者與氮前驅物(諸如NH3
)之反應展現一高放熱性及較低能量障壁。由於該等反應具有一較低能量障壁,因此上述矽前驅物適合用作低溫(亦即
,低於或等於約275℃) ALD前驅物。 在形成之後,可將SiN之初始部分曝露於一電漿處理。電漿可產生於反應器中(例如,一直接電漿),或電漿可產生於反應器外側並供應至反應器(例如,一遠程電漿)。電漿可具有一惰性物質(諸如氦、氬、氙或其組合)、一反應性物質(諸如氮(N2
)、氫(H2
)或其組合)或者惰性物質與反應性物質之組合。電漿可藉由習用技術而產生,本文中不再詳細闡述該習用技術。電漿產生與SiN之初始部分發生反應且使SiN之初始部分改質之自由基及其他物質。電漿物質可基於下伏於SiN下之材料而選擇。在某些實施例中,電漿包含N2
及氦。電漿可為一電感耦合電漿(ICP)、一電容耦合電漿(CCP)或其組合。電漿可以自約400 kHz至約30 MHz之一頻率操作。在某些實施例中,頻率為約13.56 MHz。電漿具有自約150 W至約600 W之一功率。頻率及功率可取決於反應器設計及電漿操作模式以及下伏於SiN下之基板之材料而選擇。上文所闡述之壓力、流動速率及時間可取決於以下各項中之一或多者而增大或減小:反應器之體積、引入矽前驅物及氮前驅物之效率、泵送效率、分批式爐構造及此項技術內已知之其他因素。 在對SiN之初始部分進行電漿處理之後,可在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由ALD在該初始SiN部分上形成SiN之另一部分或其他部分,後續接著對該另一部分或其他部分進行電漿處理。SiN之另一部分或其他部分可如上文針對初始SiN部分所闡述而形成,惟該另一部分或其他部分之一厚度可能小於初始SiN部分之一厚度除外。對SiN之每一部分之電漿處理可如上文所闡述而進行。所形成之額外SiN部分之數目及所進行之電漿處理之次數可取決於SiN之預期用途而選擇,如下文更詳細闡述。可重複SiN形成行為及電漿處理行為,直至達成SiN之所要總厚度為止。 初始SiN部分及後續形成之SiN部分可經受電漿處理以使SiN改質。在不受限於任何理論之情況下,認為,將已形成之SiN部分曝露於電漿處理會增大SiN之密度,此提供經改良之黏合性、經增大之階梯覆蓋率、經增大之濕法蝕刻速率阻力、經增大之對蒸汽之阻力及經增大之SiN對H2
電漿之阻力。電漿處理亦可減少SiN中之雜質,諸如氫、碘或溴雜質。因此,與藉由習用技術而形成之SiN相比,藉由本發明之實施例而形成之SiN之品質較高。 電漿處理提高SiN之品質之能力係意料之外的,此乃因據預期,電漿會使下伏於SiN下之材料降級(例如,分解)且亦會使諸如反應器等裝備降級(例如,腐蝕該裝備)。然而,由於在不存在矽前驅物及氮前驅物(亦即
,矽前驅物及氮前驅物在SiN形成行為之後被自反應器移除)時進行電漿處理行為,因此不存在使下伏敏感性材料或裝備降級、分解或以其他方式不利地影響下伏敏感性材料或裝備之反應性鹵化物物質。因此,在SiN形成期間未觀察到鹵化物副產物污染。 因此,揭示一種形成SiN之方法。該方法包括:在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積在一基板上形成氮化矽。將已形成之氮化矽曝露於一電漿。 因此,揭示形成SiN之另一方法。該方法包括藉由原子層沉積在一基板上形成氮化矽之一部分。氮化矽之該部分藉由使一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物與該基板接觸而形成,該矽前驅物包括溴化矽烷、碘化矽烷、亞矽烷基化合物或其組合,該氮前驅物包括氨。將氮化矽之該部分曝露於一電漿處理。藉由原子層沉積在氮化矽之該部分上形成氮化矽之至少一個其他部分。氮化矽之該至少一個其他部分藉由使一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物與氮化矽之該部分接觸而形成,該矽前驅物包括溴化矽烷、碘化矽烷、亞矽烷基化合物或其組合,該氮前驅物包括氨。將氮化矽之該至少一個其他部分曝露於一電漿處理。 因此,揭示一種包括一亞矽烷基化合物之矽前驅物。該亞矽烷基化合物包括N,N’-二-第三丁基-1,3-二氮雜-2-矽雜環戊-4-烯-2-亞基。 此處所包含之圖解說明並不意指任何特定半導體結構之實際視圖,而係僅為用於闡述本文中之實施例之理想化表示。因此,該等圖解說明可能未按比例繪製。 藉由本發明之實施例而形成之SiN可用於具有擁有一高縱橫比之至少一個特徵之一半導體結構中。如圖1中所展示,一半導體結構102包含SiN 100、具有一高縱橫比之至少一個特徵104及其中具有界定特徵104之開口108之一基板106。SiN 100可保形地形成於特徵104上。取決於SiN 100之預期應用,基板106可為一半導電材料、一絕緣材料或一導電材料。僅以實例方式,半導電材料可為矽、摻雜氫之矽、一氧化矽、摻雜氫之氧化矽、鎵等。絕緣材料可包含但不限於二氧化矽、氧化鉿或氧化鋁。導電材料可包含但不限於一金屬、一導電摻雜之矽、一導電摻雜之鍺、一金屬矽化物、一金屬碳化物、一相變材料等。基板106之材料可藉由習用技術而形成,諸如物理汽相沉積(PVD)、化學汽相沉積(CVD)或ALD。此等技術係此項技術內已知的,且因此本文中不再詳細闡述。如圖1中所展示,特徵104由基板106之材料形成。然而,基板106上可包含構成特徵104之一或多個(種)材料、層、結構或區域,諸如一堆疊結構。堆疊結構之材料可藉由習用技術而形成,本文中不再詳細闡述該等習用技術。特徵104可具有一高縱橫比,諸如至少約10:1 (諸如至少約12:1、至少約13:1或至少約15:1)之一縱橫比。根據本發明之實施例,SiN 100可形成於特徵104上方。SiN可經形成處於自約3 nm (30 Å)至約100 nm (1000 Å) (諸如,自約4 nm至約20 nm 或自約4 nm至約9 nm)之範圍內之一總厚度。然而,取決於其中將使用SiN之一半導體裝置結構,SiN亦可經形成處於較大厚度。保形地形成於特徵104上之SiN 100可展現大於約80%之階梯覆蓋率、大於約85%之階梯覆蓋率、大於約90%之階梯覆蓋率或大於約95%之階梯覆蓋率。另一選擇係,SiN 100可作為一平面層(未展示)形成於半導體結構102上。 半導體結構102之SiN 100可用於具有至少一個高縱橫比特徵之一半導體裝置結構中,諸如用於一電晶體、記憶體、邏輯裝置、記憶體陣列等中。SiN可用於包含但不限於以下各項之一半導體裝置結構中:一動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)裝置、一或非(NOR)快閃記憶體裝置或一個三維(3D)交叉點記憶體裝置。SiN 100可作為一絕緣材料、一遮罩材料、一蝕刻停止材料、一障壁材料或一間隔件材料用於半導體裝置結構中。用於SiN形成行為之製程條件及ALD前驅物以及用於電漿處理行為之製程條件可取決於將要形成之半導體裝置結構以及所要黏合性、階梯覆蓋率、濕法蝕刻速率阻力、對蒸汽之阻力及SiN 100對H2
電漿性質之阻力而選擇。包含SiN 100之半導體裝置結構可藉由修整SiN形成行為及電漿處理行為之條件而形成。僅以實例方式,若SiN 100將用於一DRAM裝置中,則SiN 100可在約250℃之一溫度下形成,而若SiN 100將用於一個3D交叉點記憶體裝置中,則SiN 100可在約200℃之一溫度下形成。僅以實例方式,在一DRAM裝置之製作中將使用之電漿處理行為可為一ICP模式電漿,而在一個3D交叉點記憶體裝置之製作中將使用之電漿處理行為可為一CCP模式電漿。 可進行額外製程行為以形成一完整半導體裝置結構。額外製程行為可藉由習用技術而形成,本文中不再詳細闡述該等習用技術。 因此,揭示一種形成一半導體結構之方法。該方法包括在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積在一基板上之至少一個特徵上形成氮化矽。該至少一個特徵具有大於約10:1之一縱橫比。將已形成之氮化矽曝露於一電漿。 因此,揭示一種半導體結構。該半導體結構包括一基板上之至少一個特徵及該至少一個特徵上之氮化矽。該至少一個特徵具有大於約10:1之一縱橫比且該氮化矽展現大於約85%之一階梯覆蓋率。 以下實例用於更詳細地闡釋本發明之實施例。對於本發明之範疇而言,不將此等實例解釋為窮盡性或排他性。 實例 實例1 SiN形成 SiN形成於一基板上,該基板包含具有12:1之一縱橫比之HAR堆疊。該等堆疊中之材料中之至少某些材料包含熱敏性材料。SiN係使用配備有一ALD漏斗蓋室之一Applied Materials ENDURA®框架而沉積至HAR堆疊上。在開始SiN ALD沉積之前,將基板曝露於NH3
達30秒。卡盤在ALD沉積期間維持處於200℃之一溫度。SiN之一初始部分藉由進行90次如下循環而形成於HAR堆疊之側壁上:將SiI4
引入至室中達10秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作;將NH3
引入至室中達5秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作。將初始SiN部分曝露於包含一N2
及He電漿之一第一電漿處理達60秒,其中電漿在300 W下於ICP模式中產生。一第二SiN部分藉由進行30次如下循環而形成:將SiI4
引入至室中達10秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作;將NH3
引入至室中達5秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作。基板經受包含一N2
及He電漿之一第二電漿處理達60秒,其中電漿在300 W下於ICP模式中產生。一第三SiN部分藉由進行30次如下循環而形成:將SiI4
引入至室中達10秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作;將NH3
引入至室中達5秒,後續接著為30秒之一排出操作。基板經受包含一N2
及He電漿之一第三電漿處理達60秒,其中電漿在300 W下於ICP模式中產生。 實例2 SiN形成 ALD沉積及電漿處理行為如實例1中所闡述而進行,惟在開始SiN之ALD沉積之前不將基板曝露於NH3
除外。 實例3 黏合性、階梯覆蓋率、濕法蝕刻速率及蒸汽阻力性質 圖2中展示如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN之一穿隧電子顯微圖(TEM)。儘管HAR堆疊包含至少五種不同材料,但仍觀察到SiN與HAR堆疊之材料之良好黏合性。如圖2中展示,SiN沿著HAR堆疊之側壁之整個長度黏附至HAR堆疊之側壁。 如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN之階梯覆蓋率經量測為至少約85%。在諸多位置中,階梯覆蓋率大於約90%。 如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN在一個2000:1之水溶液:HF中具有介於約1.0 Å/min與約2.5 Å/min之間的一濕法蝕刻速率。以比較方式,藉由習用技術而形成之SiN展現約1.0 Å/min之一濕法蝕刻速率。因此,該SiN與藉由習用技術而形成之SiN相比具有一相當之濕法蝕刻速率阻力。 如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN (樣本a)與不曝露於電漿處理之對照樣本(樣本b及c)相比展現一經增大之對蒸汽之阻力,如圖3中所展示。對照樣本之SiN係在250℃下沉積。如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN與對照樣本之SiN在300℃下被曝露於一蒸汽退火,且在蒸汽退火之後的不同時間處量測SiN之損失百分比。圖3展示在蒸汽退火之後隨時間發生之SiN之損失百分比之一曲線圖。如實例1中所闡述而沉積之SiN (樣本a)與兩個對照樣本(樣本b及c)相比展示一較低損失,且因此展現一經增大之對蒸汽之阻力。 實例4 H2
電漿阻力 SiN如實例1中所闡述而沉積,惟電漿處理包含曝露於一Ar-He電漿達20秒(樣本c)或達40秒(樣本d)除外。所得SiN (樣本c及d)曝露於一H2
電漿,且在H2
電漿曝露之後的不同時間處量測SiN之損失百分比。樣本a及b包含如上文針對樣本c及d所闡述而沉積之SiN,但曝露於不同電漿及/或具有不同曝露時間。圖4展示針對SiN且針對一對照樣本(樣本e)的在H2
電漿曝露之後隨時間發生之SiN之損失百分比之一曲線圖。與藉由習用技術而形成之SiN之一對照樣本(樣本e)相比,樣本c及d之SiN展現一經增大之對H2
電漿之阻力。 雖然已結合各圖闡述特定說明性實施例,但熟習此項技術者將認識到並瞭解,本發明所涵蓋之實施例不限於本文中明確展示及闡述之彼等實施例。而是,可在不背離本發明所涵蓋之實施例之範疇之情況下做出對本文中所闡述之實施例之諸多添加、刪除及修改,諸如後文中所主張之彼等內容,包含合法等效內容。另外,來自一個所揭示實施例之特徵可與另一所揭示實施例之特徵組合,同時仍涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。
100‧‧‧氮化矽
102‧‧‧半導體結構
104‧‧‧特徵
106‧‧‧基板
108‧‧‧開口
a‧‧‧樣本
b‧‧‧樣本
c‧‧‧樣本
d‧‧‧樣本
e‧‧‧樣本
圖1係根據本發明之實施例而形成之包含一氮化矽材料之一半導體結構之一經簡化剖面圖; 圖2係根據本發明之實施例在一個12:1高縱橫比結構上形成之氮化矽之一穿隧電子顯微圖(TEM); 圖3係在曝露於蒸汽之後隨時間發生之SiN之損失百分比之一曲線圖;且 圖4係在曝露於一H2
電漿之後隨時間發生之SiN之損失百分比之一曲線圖。
Claims (19)
- 一種形成氮化矽之方法,其包括:在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽,該氮化矽係藉由使一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物與該材料接觸而形成,其中該矽前驅物包括溴化矽烷、亞矽烷基化合物(silylene compound)或其組合;及將該已形成之氮化矽曝露於一電漿。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽包括:在一無電漿環境中形成該氮化矽。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽包括:在自約200℃至約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積而形成該氮化矽。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽包括:在自約200℃至約250℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積而形成該氮化矽。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該氮前驅物包括氨、肼、第三丁基肼、單烷基肼、二烷基肼或其組合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該矽前驅物包括四溴化矽或N,N’-二-第三丁基-1,3-二氮雜-2-矽雜環戊-4-烯-2-亞基(N,N’-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopent-4-en-2-ylidene),且該氮前驅物包括氨。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中將該已形成之氮化矽曝露於一電漿包括:將該已形成之氮化矽曝露於氦電漿、氬電漿、氙電漿、氮(N2)電漿、氫(H2)電漿或其組合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中在低於或等於約275℃之一溫度下藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽包括:藉由原子層沉積在該材料上形成氮化矽之一部分,氮化矽之該部分藉由以下操作形成:使一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物與該材料接觸,該矽前驅物包括溴化矽烷、亞矽烷基化合物或其組合,該氮前驅物包括氨;將氮化矽之該部分曝露於一電漿處理;藉由原子層沉積在氮化矽之該部分上形成氮化矽之至少一個其他部分,氮化矽之該至少一個其他部分藉由以下操作形成:使一矽前驅物及一氮前驅物與氮化矽之該部分接觸,該矽前驅物包括溴化矽烷、亞矽烷基化合物或其組合,該氮前驅物包括氨;及將氮化矽之該至少一個其他部分曝露於一電漿處理。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積形成氮化矽之一部分包括: 將氮化矽之該部分形成為達該氮化矽之一總厚度之至少約50%之一厚度。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積形成氮化矽之一部分包括:將氮化矽之該部分形成為達該氮化矽之一總厚度之自約80%至約90%之一厚度。
- 如請求項8之方法,其進一步包括:在藉由原子層沉積於該材料上形成氮化矽之該部分之前,將該材料曝露於氨。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由原子層沉積在一材料上形成氮化矽包括:在該材料上之至少一個特徵上形成該氮化矽,該至少一個特徵具有大於約10:1之一縱橫比。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中在該材料上之至少一個特徵上形成該氮化矽包括:在該材料上形成包括至少一熱敏性材料之該至少一個特徵。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中在該材料上之至少一個特徵上形成該氮化矽包括:在該材料上形成包括一硫屬化物材料、一碳材料或一反應性金屬中之至少一者之該至少一個特徵。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中在該材料上之至少一個特徵上形成該氮化矽包括:形成具有至少約12:1之一縱橫比之該至少一個特徵。
- 一種半導體結構,其包括:一材料上之至少一個特徵,該至少一個特徵具有大於約10:1之一縱橫比;及該至少一個特徵上之氮化矽,該氮化矽沿其長度具有均勻的厚度,並展現大於約85%之一階梯覆蓋率。
- 如請求項16之半導體結構,其中該氮化矽展現大於約90%之一階梯覆蓋率。
- 如請求項16之半導體結構,其中該至少一個特徵具有約12:1之一縱橫比。
- 如請求項16之半導體結構,其中該至少一個特徵具有約15:1之一縱橫比。
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CN107731659A (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
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US9865456B1 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
TW201812084A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
US10964532B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
US11651955B2 (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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