TW201921592A - 用於在基材和相關半導體元件結構的介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法 - Google Patents
用於在基材和相關半導體元件結構的介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法Info
- Publication number
- TW201921592A TW201921592A TW107129469A TW107129469A TW201921592A TW 201921592 A TW201921592 A TW 201921592A TW 107129469 A TW107129469 A TW 107129469A TW 107129469 A TW107129469 A TW 107129469A TW 201921592 A TW201921592 A TW 201921592A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- molybdenum
- metal film
- substrate
- molybdenum metal
- depositing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- -1 molybdenum halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical class B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CNRRZWMERIANGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo].ClOCl CNRRZWMERIANGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H molybdenum;hexachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mo] PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SMADOAUYBZPXEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cl[Mo+2]Cl Chemical compound Cl[Mo+2]Cl SMADOAUYBZPXEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GTVGLPJVORBGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].BrOBr Chemical compound [Mo].BrOBr GTVGLPJVORBGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MDKDXDROOSZTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodo hypoiodite molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo].IOI MDKDXDROOSZTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I molybdenum pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 111
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003877 atomic layer epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWTIUUVUEKAHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium tin Chemical compound [Ge].[Sn] IWTIUUVUEKAHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004129 HfSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJBHOLJPAFYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Ge].[Si] Chemical compound [Sn].[Ge].[Si] KAJBHOLJPAFYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000277 atomic layer chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004871 chemical beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXGHASBVNMHGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digermane Chemical compound [Ge][Ge] VXGHASBVNMHGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000000171 gas-source molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKKCMWPOASMDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Mo](I)(I)I QKKCMWPOASMDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUQNAPSBHXFMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylhydrazine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NN MUQNAPSBHXFMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YPFBRNLUIFQCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromomolybdenum Chemical compound Br[Mo](Br)Br YPFBRNLUIFQCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/32051—Deposition of metallic or metal-silicide layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal halides
- C23C16/14—Deposition of only one other metal element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28079—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a single metal, e.g. Ta, W, Mo, Al
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
本文公開了用於通過迴圈沉積製程直接在基材的介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法。所述方法可包括:向反應室中提供包含介電表面的基材;和直接在該介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜,其中沉積包括:使基材與包含鹵化鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸;和使基材與包含還原劑前體的第二氣相反應物接觸。還公開了半導體元件結構,其包含直接設置於通過本公開的方法沉積的介電材料的表面上的鉬金屬膜。
Description
本申請案請求下列申請案的優先權:2017年8月30日提交的標題為“Layer Forming Method”的美國非臨時專利申請案第15/691,241號、2017年12月18日提交的標題為“Layer Forming Method”的美國臨時專利申請案第62/607,070號和2018年1月19日提交的標題為“Deposition Method”的美國臨時專利申請案第62/619,579號。
本公開一般涉及在基材的介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法及通過迴圈沉積製程直接在介電材料的表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的特定方法。本公開還一般涉及包括直接設置在介電材料表面上的鉬金屬膜的半導體元件結構。
先進技術節點中的半導體元件製造製程通常需要現有技術沉積方法來形成金屬膜,如鎢金屬膜和銅金屬膜。
沉積金屬膜的一個常見要件是沉積過程非常保形。例如,常需要保形沉積以在包括高縱橫比特徵的三維結構上方均勻地沉積金屬膜。沉積金屬膜的另一常見要求是沉積製程能夠在大的基材區域上方沉積連續的超薄膜。在
其中金屬膜是導電的這一特定情況下,可能需要優化沉積製程以產生低電阻率膜。
常用於現有技術半導體元件應用中的低電阻率金屬膜可包括鎢(W)和/或銅(Cu)。然而,鎢金屬膜和銅金屬膜通常需要設置在金屬膜和介電材料之間的厚阻擋層。厚阻擋層可用來防止金屬物質擴散到下面的介電材料中,從而改善元件可靠性和元件產量。然而,厚阻擋層通常表現出高的電阻率並因此導致半導體元件結構總體電阻率的增大。
迴圈沉積製程,例如原子層沉積(ALD)和迴圈化學氣相沉積(CCVD),依序引入一種或多種前體(反應物)到反應室中,在這裡,這些前體一次一種依序與基材的表面反應。已經證實迴圈沉積製程產生具有優異保形性的金屬膜,具有原子級厚度控制。
因此,需要沉積和利用通過保形迴圈沉積製程沉積的低電阻率金屬膜的方法和相關半導體元件結構。
提供此概述是為了以簡化的形式引入一系列概念。下文在本公開的實例實施例的詳細描述中進一步詳細描述這些概念。此概述並不意圖識別所要求的主題的關鍵特徵或基本特徵,也並非意圖用於限制所要求的主題的範圍。
在一些實施例中,提供了通過迴圈沉積製程在基材的介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法。所述方法可包括:向反應室中提供包含介電表面的基材;和直接在所述介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜,其中沉積包括:使基材與包含鹵化鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸;和使基材與包含還原劑前體的第二氣相反應物接觸。
在一些實施例中,提供了半導體元件結構。所述半導體元件結構可包括:包含一個或多個間隙特徵的基材,其中所述一個或多個間隙特徵構成
介電材料的表面;和設置於所述一個或多個間隙特徵中並填充所述一個或多個間隙特徵的鉬金屬膜,其中所述鉬金屬膜設置為與介電材料的表面直接接觸。
出於概述本發明和優於現有技術而實現的優勢的目的,上文中描述了本發明的某些目標和優勢。當然,應理解,未必所有此類目標或優勢都可根據本發明的任一特定實施例實現。因此,舉例來說,所屬領域的技術人員將認識到,本發明可以按實現或優化如本文中所教示或建議的一種優勢或一組優勢,但不一定實現如本文中可能教示或建議的其它目的或優勢的方式來實施或進行。
所有這些實施例意欲在本文中所公開的本發明的範圍內。對於所屬領域的技術人員來說,這些和其它實施例將從參考附圖的某些實施例的以下詳細描述變得顯而易見,本發明不限於所公開的任何特定實施例。
雖然本說明書以具體地指出並明確地要求保護被視為本發明實施例的內容的權利要求書結束,但在結合附圖閱讀時,可從本公開的實施例的某些實例的描述中更容易地確定本公開的實施例的優點,在附圖中:圖1示意了一個非限制性示例性流程圖,顯示了根據本公開的實施例直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的原子層沉積製程;圖2示意了一個非限制性示例性流程圖,顯示了根據本公開的實施例直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的迴圈化學氣相沉積製程;圖3示意了從根據本公開的實施例直接在介電表面上沉積的鉬金屬膜獲得的x-射線衍射(XRD)資料;和圖4A和4B示意了包含根據本公開的實施例直接在介電表面上沉積的鉬金屬膜的半導體元件結構的橫截面示意圖。
儘管下文公開某些實施例和實例,但所屬領域的技術人員將理解,本發明延伸超出了所具體公開的實施例和/或本發明的用途和顯而易見的修改以及其等效物。因此,希望本發明所公開的範圍不應受下文所描述特定公開實施例的限制。
本文中呈現的示意不意圖是任何特定材料、結構或裝置的實際視圖,而僅僅是用以描述本公開的實施例的理想化圖示。
如本文所用,術語「基材」可指可使用的或上面可形成元件、電路或膜的任何一種或多種下層材料。
如本文所用,術語「迴圈沉積」可指依序引入一種或多種前體(反應物)到反應室中以在基材上方沉積膜並包括沉積技術如原子層沉積和迴圈化學氣相沉積。
如本文所用,術語「迴圈化學氣相沉積」可指其中基材被依序暴露於一種或多種揮發性前體的任何製程,所述揮發性前體在基材上反應和/或分解以產生所希望的沉積。
如本文所用,術語「原子層沉積(ALD)」可指其中在處理室中進行沉積迴圈、優選地多個連續沉積迴圈的氣相沉積製程。通常,在每個迴圈期間,將前體用化學方法吸附沉積表面(例如,基材表面或先前沉積的底層表面,例如來自先前ALD迴圈的材料),從而形成不易與額外前體反應的單層或亞單層(即,自限性反應)。此後,視需要,可以隨後將反應物(例如,另一種前體或反應氣體)引入到製程腔室中以用於將用化學方法吸附的前體轉化成沉積表面上的所要材料。通常,此反應物能夠與前體進一步反應。此外,在每個迴圈期間還可利用沖洗步驟以在轉換用化學方法吸附的前體之後從製程腔室去除過量前體和/或從製程腔室去除過量反應物和/或反應副產物。此外,當使用前體組合物、反應性氣體和吹掃(例如,惰性載體)氣體的交替脈衝進行時,如本
文所用的術語「原子層沉積」還意圖包括由相關術語如「化學氣相原子層沉積」、「原子層磊晶(ALE)」、分子束磊晶(MBE)、氣體源MBE或有機金屬MBE和化學束磊晶指定的製程。
如本文所用,術語「膜」和「薄膜」可指通過本文公開的方法形成的任何連續或非連續結構和材料。舉例來說,「膜」和「薄膜」可包括2D材料、奈米層合物、奈米棒、奈米管或奈米顆粒或甚至部分或完整分子層或者部分或完整原子層或者原子和/或分子的簇。「膜」和「薄膜」可包含具有針孔的材料或層,但仍然是至少部分連續的。
如本文所用,術語「鹵化鉬前體」可指包含至少鉬組分和鹵化物組分的反應物,其中該鹵化物組分可包括氯組分、碘組分或溴組分中的一者或多者。
如本文所用,術語「硫屬化物鹵化鉬」可指包含至少鉬組分、鹵化物組分和硫族組分的反應物,其中硫族為元素週期表第IV族的元素,包括氧(O)、硫(S)、硒(Se)和碲(Te)。
如本文所用,術語「氧鹵化鉬」可指包含至少鉬組分、氧組分和鹵素組分的反應物。
如本文所用,術語「還原劑前體」可指在氧化還原化學反應中向另一物質給予電子的反應物。
如本文所用,術語「結晶膜」可指顯示至少短程有序或甚至結晶結構的長程有序的膜,並包括單晶膜以及多晶膜。
如本文所用,術語「間隙特徵」可指設置在非平面表面的兩個表面之間的開口或腔穴。術語「間隙特徵」可指設置在從基材表面垂直延伸的兩個突起的相對傾斜側壁或者垂直延伸到基材表面中的凹口的相對傾斜側壁之間的開口或腔穴,這樣的間隙特徵可被稱為「垂直間隙特徵」。術語「間隙特徵」
還可指設置在兩個相對的基本上水平的表面之間的開口或腔穴,所述水平表面限定水平開口或腔穴;這樣的間隙特徵可被稱為「水平間隙特徵」。
如本文所用,術語「接縫」可指由間隙填充金屬中形成的邊緣的鄰接而形成的線或一個或多個空隙,並且「接縫」可使用掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡(STEM)或穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)確認,其中如果觀察揭示在垂直間隙填充金屬中有清晰的垂直線或一個或多個垂直空隙或者在水平間隙填充金屬中有清晰的水平線或一個或多個水平空隙,則存在「接縫」。在本公開的整個實施例中給出了大量的實例材料;應指出,針對每一實例材料給出的化學式不應理解為限制性的,並且給出的非限制性實例材料不應受限於所給產生實體學計量。
本公開包括直接即無需任何中間層地在介電材料的表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法。鉬金屬膜可用於許多應用中,例如,低電阻率間隙填充、用於3D-NAND的襯墊層、DRAM字線特徵或作為CMOS邏輯應用中的互連材料。直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的能力可消除對介電材料和鉬金屬膜之間中間層的需要,這可允許邏輯應用即CMOS結構中互連的較低有效電阻率及記憶體應用如3D-NAND和DRAM結構中字-線/位-線的較低有效電阻率。
因此,本公開的實施例可包括通過迴圈沉積製程直接在基材的介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法。所述方法可包括:向反應室中提供包含介電材料表面的基材;和直接在該介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜,其中沉積包括:使基材與包含鹵化鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸;和使基材與包含還原劑前體的第二氣相反應物接觸。
本文公開的直接在基材的介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法可包括迴圈沉積製程,如原子層沉積(ALD)或迴圈化學氣相沉積(CCVD)。
迴圈沉積製程的非限制性實例實施例可包括原子層沉積(ALD),其中ALD通常基於自限制反應,由此使用反應物的依序和交替脈衝來
在每一個沉積迴圈沉積材料的約一個原子(或分子)單層。通常選擇沉積條件和前體以提供自飽和反應,使得一種反應物的吸附層留下不與同一反應物的氣相反應物反應的表面終止狀態(termination)。隨後使基材與不同的反應物接觸,所述不同的反應物與先前的終止狀態反應而實現繼續沉積。因此,交替脈衝的每個迴圈通常留下所要材料的不多於約一個單層。然而,如上文所提到,熟練技術人員應認識,在一個或多個ALD迴圈中可沉積材料的不止一個單層,例如如果發生了一些氣相反應的話,而不管製程的交替性如何。
在用於直接在介電表面上形成鉬金屬膜的ALD型製程中,一個沉積迴圈可包括:暴露基材於第一氣相反應物,從反應室去除任何未反應的第一反應物和反應副產物,和暴露基材於第二氣相反應物,然後是第二去除步驟。在本公開的一些實施例中,第一氣相反應物可包含鉬前體,第二氣相反應物可包含還原劑前體。
可以通過例如氬氣(Ar)或氮氣(N2)等惰性氣體來分離前體,以防止反應物之間的氣相反應並實現自飽和表面反應。然而,在一些實施例中,可移動基材以分別接觸第一氣相反應物和第二氣相反應物。因為反應自飽和,故通常不需要對基材進行嚴格的溫度控制以及對前體進行精確的劑量控制。然而,基材溫度優選地使得附帶的氣體物種既不冷凝成單層,也不在表面上分解。在使基材與下一反應化學品接觸之前,例如通過沖洗反應空間或通過移動基材來從基材表面去除剩餘的化學品和反應副產物(如果存在)。可以藉助於惰性沖洗氣體從反應空間中有效地排出不合期望的氣態分子。可以使用真空泵來輔助沖洗。
能夠用來直接在介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的反應器可用於本文所述的迴圈沉積製程。這樣的反應器包括配置為提供前體的ALD反應器以及CVD反應器。根據一些實施例,可使用噴淋頭反應器。根據一些實施例,可
使用錯流、批量、小批量或空間ALD反應器。
在本公開的一些實施例中,可使用批量反應器。在一些實施例中,可使用立式批量反應器。在其他實施例中,批量反應器包括配置為容納10個或更少晶片、8個或更少晶片、6個或更少晶片、4個或更少晶片或者2個或更少晶片的小批量反應器。在其中使用批量反應器的一些實施例中,晶片間的不均勻性低於3%(1 σ)、低於2%、低於1%或甚至低於0.5%。
本文描述的示例性迴圈沉積製程可任選地在連接到叢聚式設備的反應器或反應室中進行。在叢聚式設備中,因為每一個反應室專門用於一種製程類型,故每個模組中反應室的溫度可保持恒定,與其中在每次運行前加熱基材直至製程溫度的反應器相比,這將提高生產量。另外,在叢聚式設備中可以縮短將反應室壓力變至基材之間所需製程壓力程度的時間。在本公開的一些實施例中,本文公開的直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性迴圈沉積製程可在包含多個反應室的叢聚式設備中進行,其中每一個單獨的反應室可被用來暴露基材於單獨的前體氣體並且基材可在不同的反應室之間轉移以暴露於多種前體氣體,基材的轉移在受控的環境下進行以防止基材的氧化/污染。在本公開的一些實施例中,直接在介電表面上沉積膜金屬膜的迴圈沉積製程可在包含多個反應室的叢聚式設備中進行,其中每一個單獨的反應室可配置為加熱基材到不同的溫度。
獨立反應器可配備有裝載腔。在此情況下,不必在每次運行之間冷卻反應室。
根據本公開的一些非限制性實施例,可使用ALD製程來直接在介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜。在本公開的一些實施例中,每一個ALD迴圈可包括兩個不同的沉積步驟或階段。在沉積迴圈的第一階段(「鉬階段」)中,可使期望在其上沉積的基材表面與包含鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸,該第一氣相
反應物化學吸附到基材的表面上,從而在基材的表面上形成反應物物質的不多於約一個單層。在沉積的第二階段中,可使期望在其上沉積的基材表面與包含還原劑前體的第二氣相反應物接觸(「還原階段」)。
直接在介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性原子層沉積製程可結合圖1理解,該圖示意了直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性原子層沉積製程100。
更詳細地說,圖1示意了包括迴圈沉積階段105的示例性鉬沉積製程100。示例性原子層沉積製程100可從程序方塊110開始,該程序方塊110包括向反應室中提供包含介電表面的基材和加熱基材至期望的沉積溫度。
在本公開的一些實施例中,基材可包括平面基材或者包括高縱橫比特徵如溝槽結構、垂直間隙特徵、水平間隙特徵和/或鰭結構的圖案化基材。基材可包含一種或多種材料,包括但不限於半導體材料、介電材料和金屬材料。
在一些實施例中,基材可包括半導體材料,如但不限於矽(Si)、鍺(Ge)、鍺錫(GeSn)、矽鍺(SiGe)、矽鍺錫(SiGeSn)、碳化矽(SiC)或第III-V族半導體材料。
在一些實施例中,基材可包括介電材料,如但不限於含矽介電材料和金屬氧化物介電材料。在一些實施例中,基材可包含一個或多個介電表面,其包含含矽介電材料如但不限於二氧化矽(SiO2)、亞氧化矽、氮化矽(Si3N4)、氮氧化矽(SiON)、碳氧化矽(SiOC)、碳氧氮化矽(SiOCN)、碳氮化矽(SiCN)。在一些實施例中,基材可包含一個或多個介電表面,其包含金屬氧化物如但不限於氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氧化鉿(HfO2)、氧化鉭(Ta2O5)、氧化鋯(ZrO2)、氧化鈦(TiO2)、矽酸鉿(HfSiOx)和氧化鑭(La2O3)。
在本公開的一些實施例中,基材可包括工程化基材,其中表面半導體層設置在體支承件上方,其間設置有介入的隱埋氧化物(BOX)。
圖案化基材可包括這樣的基材,其可包含形成於基材中或基材表面上的半導體元件結構,例如圖案化基材可包含部分製造半導體元件結構如電晶體和/或記憶元件。在一些實施例中,基材可含有單晶表面和/或一個或多個次表面,該次表面可包含非單晶表面,如多晶表面和/或非晶表面。單晶表面可包含例如矽(Si)、矽鍺(SiGe)、鍺錫(GeSn)或鍺(Ge)中的一者或多者。多晶或非晶表面可包含介電材料,如氧化物、氮氧化物、碳氧化物、碳氧氮化物、氮化物或它們的混合物。
用於沉積的反應室可以是原子層沉積反應室或化學氣相沉積反應室或如前所述的任何反應室。在本公開的一些實施例中,可將基材加熱到隨後的迴圈沉積階段105所需的沉積溫度。例如,可將基材加熱到低於大約800℃、或低於大約700℃、或低於大約600℃、或低於大約500℃、或低於大約400℃、或低於大約300℃、或甚至低於大約200℃的基材溫度。在本公開的一些實施例中,示例性原子層沉積製程100過程中基材溫度可介於200℃和800℃之間、或介於400℃和700℃之間、或介於500℃和600℃之間。
另外,為了達到所需的沉積溫度,即所需的基材溫度,示例性原子層沉積製程100還可在沉積過程中調節反應室內的壓力以獲得所沉積鉬金屬膜的期望特性並實現介電表面上鉬金屬膜的直接沉積。例如,在本公開的一些實施例中,示例性原子層沉積製程100可在調節至反應室壓力低於300托、或低於200托、或低於100托、或低於50托、或低於30托、或甚至低於10托的反應室內進行。在一些實施例中,沉積過程中反應室內的壓力可調節在10托和300托之間、或30托和80托之間、或甚至等於或高於30托的壓力下。
在加熱基材到所需的沉積溫度並調節反應室內的壓力後,示例性原子層沉積製程100可通過程序方塊120以迴圈沉積階段105繼續,其包括使基材與第一氣相反應物接觸,特別是在一些實施例中,使基材與包含鹵化鉬前體即
鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸。
在本公開的一些實施例中,鹵化鉬前體可包含氯化鉬前體、碘化鉬前體或溴化鉬前體。例如,作為非限制性實例,第一氣相反應物可包含氯化鉬,如五氯化鉬(MoCl5)。
在一些實施例中,鹵化鉬前體可包含鉬硫族化物,在特定的實施例中,鹵化鉬前體可包含硫屬化物鹵化鉬。例如,硫屬化物鹵化鉬前體可包含選自以下的氧鹵化鉬:氧氯化鉬、氧碘化鉬或氧溴化鉬。在本公開的特定實施例中,鉬前體可包含氧氯化鉬,包括但不限於二氯二氧化鉬(IV)(MoO2Cl2)。
在本公開的一些實施例中,使基材與包含鹵化鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸可包括使鹵化鉬前體與基材接觸約0.1秒至約60秒之間、約0.1秒至約10秒之間、或約0.5秒至約5.0秒之間的時間。另外,在基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸的過程中,鹵化鉬前體的流率可低於1000sccm、或低於500sccm、或低於100sccm、或低於10sccm或甚至低於1sccm。另外,在基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸的過程中,鉬前體的流率可在約1至2000sccm、約5至1000sccm、或約10至約500sccm的範圍內。
如通過圖1的製程100示意的直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性原子層沉積製程可通過吹掃反應室來繼續。例如,可從基材表面除去過量的第一氣相反應物和反應副產物(如果有的話),例如通過用惰性氣體吹掃。在本公開的一些實施例中,吹掃製程可包括其中基材表面被吹掃不到大約5.0秒、或不到大約3.0秒、或甚至不到大約2.0秒的時間的吹掃迴圈。過量的第一氣相反應物如過量的鉬前體和任何可能的反應副產物可藉助於與反應室流體連通的泵送系統產生的真空除去。
在用吹掃迴圈吹掃反應室後,示例性原子層沉積製程100可通過程序方塊130以迴圈沉積階段105的第二階段繼續,其包括使基材與第二氣相反
應物接觸,特別是使基材與包含還原劑前體(「還原前體」)的第二氣相反應物接觸。
在本公開的一些實施例中,還原劑前體可包含以下中的至少之一:合成氣體(H2+N2)、氨(NH3)、肼(N2H4)、烷基-肼(例如,叔丁基肼(C4H12N2))、分子氫(H2)、氫原子(H)、氫等離子體、氫自由基、氫激發態物質、醇、醛、羧酸、硼烷或胺。在其他實施例中,還原劑前體可包含以下中的至少之一:矽烷(SiH4)、二矽烷(Si2H6)、三矽烷(Si3H8)、鍺烷(GeH4)、二鍺烷(Ge2H6)、硼烷(BH3)或二硼烷(B2H6)。在本公開的特定實施例中,還原劑前體可包含分子氫(H2)。
在本公開的一些實施例中,使基材與還原劑前體接觸可包括使基材與還原劑前體接觸約0.01秒至約180秒之間、約0.05秒至約60秒之間或約0.1秒至約10.0秒之間的時間。另外,在使基材與還原劑前體接觸的過程中,還原劑前體的流率可低於30slm、或低於15slm、或低於10slm、或低於5slm、或低於1slm、或甚至低於0.1slm。另外,在使基材與還原劑前體接觸的過程中,還原劑前體的流率可在約0.1至30slm、約5至15slm、或者等於或高於10slm的範圍內。
在使基材與還原劑前體接觸後,直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性製程100可通過吹掃反應室來繼續。例如,可從基材表面除去過量的還原劑前體和反應副產物(如果有的話),例如通過在流動惰性氣體的同時抽吸。在本公開的一些實施例中,吹掃製程可包括吹掃基材表面大約0.1秒至大約30秒之間、或大約0.5秒至大約3秒之間、或甚至大約1秒至2秒之間的時間。
在完成第二氣相反應物即還原劑前體(和任何反應副產物)從反應室的吹掃後,示例性原子層沉積製程100的迴圈沉積階段105可以決策閘140繼續,其中決策閘140取決於所沉積鉬金屬膜的厚度。例如,如果沉積的鉬金屬膜對於期望的元件應用來說厚度不夠,則可通過返回到程序方塊120並繼續進一步
的沉積迴圈來重複迴圈沉積階段105,其中單元沉積迴圈可包括使基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸(程序方塊120)、吹掃反應室、使基材與還原劑前體接觸(程序方塊130)和再次吹掃反應室。迴圈沉積階段105的單元沉積迴圈可重複一次或多次,直至在基材上方、特別是直接在介電表面上沉積了期望厚度的鉬金屬膜。一旦鉬金屬膜已沉積至期望的厚度,示例性原子層沉積製程100即可經由程序方塊150退出,並且包含介電表面的基材與其上沉積的鉬金屬膜可經受進一步的加工以形成元件結構。
應理解,在本公開的一些實施例中,使基材與第一氣相反應物(例如,鉬前體)和第二氣相反應物(例如,還原前體)接觸的順序可以是這樣的:先使基材與第二氣相反應物接觸,然後與第一氣相反應物接觸。另外,在一些實施例中,示例性製程100的迴圈沉積階段105可包括使基材與第一氣相反應物接觸一次或多次,然後使基材與第二氣相反應物接觸一次或多次。另外,在一些實施例中,示例性製程100的迴圈沉積階段105可包括使基材與第二氣相反應物接觸一次或多次,然後使基材與第一氣相反應物接觸一次或多次。
在一些實施例中,迴圈沉積製程可以是混合式ALD/CVD或迴圈CVD製程。舉例來說,在一些實施例中,相比於CVD製程,ALD製程的生長速率可能低。提高生長速率的一個方法可以是相比於通常在ALD製程中採用的溫度在更高的基材溫度下操作(從而導致化學氣相沉積製程的一些部分),但仍利用前體的依序引入,這樣的製程可被稱為迴圈CVD。在一些實施例中,迴圈CVD製程可包括向反應室中引入兩種或更多種前體,其中反應室中所述兩種或更多種前體之間可能存在重疊的時間段,從而導致ALD沉積組分和CVD沉積組分。例如,迴圈CVD製程可包括一種前體的連續流動和第二前體進入反應室內的週期性脈衝。
因此,在本公開的替代實施例中,鉬金屬膜可採用迴圈化學氣相
沉積(CCVD)製程直接沉積在介電材料表面上。直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200將結合圖2示意。應指出,迴圈沉積製程200包括某些程序方塊,這些程序方塊與圖1的示例性原子層沉積製程100的某些程序方塊等同或基本等同,因此,等同的程序方塊將簡要概述,而附加/修改的程序方塊將更詳細地描述。
更詳細地說,示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200可從程序方塊210開始,該程序方塊210包括向反應室中提供包含介電表面的基材和加熱基材至沉積溫度。程序方塊110已結合圖1的程序方塊110詳細描述,因此,關於迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200,不再重複程序方塊210的細節。
在加熱基材到所需的沉積溫度並調節反應室壓力後,迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200可以程序方塊220繼續,該程序方塊220包括連續地使基材與還原劑前體接觸。更詳細地說,還原劑前體可以低於30slm、或低於15slm、或低於10slm、或低於5slm、或低於1slm、或甚至低於0.1slm的流率引入到反應室中並與設置在反應室中的基材接觸。在一些實施例中,在使基材與還原劑前體接觸的過程中,還原劑前體的流率可在約0.1至30slm、約5至15slm、或者等於或高於10slm的範圍內。還原劑前體可包含結合示例性原子層沉積製程100的程序方塊130詳細描述的還原劑前體中的任何一者或多者。
示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200可通過藉助於程序方塊230執行迴圈沉積階段205來繼續,該程序方塊230包括使基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸。與示例性原子層沉積製程100相反,在迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200中,鹵化鉬前體和還原劑前體同時存在於反應室內,因此鹵化鉬前體和還原劑前體同時接觸基材,特別是接觸基材的介電表面。換句話說,程序方塊230包括使鹵化鉬前體和還原劑前體共流入反應室中並使基材與至少包含鹵化鉬前體和還原劑前體的氣體混合物接觸。鹵化鉬前體可包含結合示例性原子層沉積製程100的程序方塊
120詳細描述的鹵化鉬前體中的任何一者或多者。
在本公開的一些實施例中,使基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸(即,程序方塊230)可包括使鹵化鉬前體與基材接觸約0.1秒至約60秒之間、約0.1秒至約10秒之間、或約0.5秒至約5.0秒之間的時間。另外,在基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸的過程中,鹵化鉬前體的流率可低於1000sccm、或低於500sccm、或低於100sccm、或低於10sccm或甚至低於1sccm。另外,在基材與鹵化鉬前體接觸的過程中,鉬前體的流率可在約1至2000sccm、約5至1000sccm、或約10至約500sccm的範圍內。
在保持還原劑前體的流動的同時,示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200的迴圈沉積階段205可以決策閘240繼續,其中決策閘240取決於所沉積鉬金屬膜的厚度。例如,如果沉積的鉬金屬膜對於期望的元件應用來說厚度不夠,則可通過返回到程序方塊230並向反應室中引入更多的鹵化鉬前體脈衝來重複迴圈沉積階段205。示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200因此包括連續地流動還原劑前體和週期性地向反應室中引入鹵化鉬,從而直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜。一旦鉬金屬膜已沉積至期望的厚度,示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程200即可經由程序方塊250退出,並且包含介電表面的基材與其上直接沉積的鉬金屬膜可經受進一步的加工以形成元件結構。
在本公開的替代實施例中,示例性迴圈化學氣相沉積製程可包括連續地流動鹵化鉬前體和週期性地向反應室中引入還原劑前體,從而直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜。
本文公開的示例性沉積製程可以約0.05Å/迴圈至約10Å/迴圈、約0.5Å/迴圈至約5Å/迴圈、或甚至約1Å/迴圈至約2Å/迴圈的生長速率直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜。在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜直接在介電表面上的生長速率超過約0.5Å/迴圈、超過約1Å/迴圈、或甚至超過約2Å/迴圈。在本公開的
一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可以大約1Å/迴圈的生長速率沉積。
通過本文公開的方法沉積的鉬金屬膜可以是連續膜。在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可在低於大約100埃、或低於大約60埃、或低於大約50埃、或低於大約40埃、或低於大約30埃、或低於大約20埃、或低於大約10埃、或甚至低於大約5埃的厚度下連續。本文提及的連續性可以是物理連續性或電連續性。在本公開的一些實施例中,材料膜可物理連續的厚度可與膜電連續的厚度不同,反之亦然。
在本公開的一些實施例中,所形成的鉬金屬膜可具有約20埃至約250埃、或約50埃至約200埃、或甚至約100埃至約150埃的厚度。在一些實施例中,根據本文描述的一些實施例沉積的鉬金屬膜可具有大於約20埃、或大於約30埃、或大於約40埃、或大於約50埃、或大於約60埃、或大於約100埃、或大於約250埃、或大於約500埃或更大的厚度。在一些實施例中,根據本文描述的一些實施例沉積的鉬金屬膜可具有小於約250埃、或小於約100埃、或小於約50埃、或小於約25埃、或小於約10埃、或甚至小於約5埃的厚度。在一些實施例中,直接在介電表面上沉積的鉬金屬膜可具有大約100埃至250埃之間的厚度。
在本公開的一些實施例中,可直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜使得鉬金屬膜可包含結晶膜。例如,圖3示意了自直接在氧化鋁(Al2O3)表面上沉積的150埃厚鉬金屬膜獲得的x-射線衍射(XRD)資料。圖3的XRD資料的查看清楚地表明瞭鉬金屬膜的結晶性質,如標記為300的XRD峰所示。在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可包含單晶膜。在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可包含多晶膜,其中包含多晶鉬金屬膜的多個晶粒可具有大於100埃、或大於200埃、或甚至大於250埃的晶粒尺寸。在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可包含體心立方結晶結構。
在本公開的一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可沉積在具有一個或多個高縱橫比間隙特徵的介電表面上,該間隙特徵包括垂直間隙特徵和/或水平間隙特
徵。例如,圖4A示意了一種半導體元件結構400,其包含具有垂直高縱橫比間隙特徵404的介電材料402,其中所述縱橫比(高度:寬度)可大於2:1、或大於5:1、或大於10:1、或大於25:1、或大於50:1、或甚至大於100:1,其中該實例中使用的「大於」是指間隙特徵的高度中的更大距離。本文公開的沉積方法可用來直接在垂直高縱橫比間隙特徵404的表面上方沉積鉬金屬膜,如由鉬金屬膜406所示意。在一些實施例中,直接在垂直高縱橫比介電間隙特徵上的鉬金屬膜的階梯覆蓋率可等於或大於約50%、或大於約80%、或大於約90%、或大於約95%、或大於約98%、或約99%或更大。
作為一個非限制性實例,半導體元件結構400可表示部分製造的CMOS邏輯元件,其中介電材料402可包含層間電介質,鉬金屬膜406可包含金屬間隙填充物以提供與一個或多個電晶體結構(未示出)的電連接。如圖4A中所示,鉬金屬膜406與介電材料402直接接觸而無需中間阻擋層材料,從而降低了半導體元件結構400的總體有效電阻率。
在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可用於間隙填充金屬化,並且鉬金屬膜可填充間隙特徵,即垂直高縱橫比間隙特徵,而不形成接縫,其中接縫可指由間隙填充材料中形成的邊緣的鄰接而形成的線或一個或多個空隙,並且接縫可使用掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡(STEM)或穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)確認,其中如果觀察揭示在間隙填充材料中有清晰的垂直線或一個或多個垂直空隙,則存在接縫。
作為又一個非限制性實例,圖4B示意了一種半導體元件結構408,其包含具有一個或多個水平高縱橫比間隙特徵412的介電材料410,其中所述縱橫比(高度:寬度)可大於1:2、或大於1:5、或大於1:10、或大於1:25、或大於1:50、或甚至大於1:100,其中該實例中使用的「大於」是指間隙特徵的寬度中的更大距離。本文公開的沉積方法可用來直接在水平高縱橫比間
隙特徵412的表面上方沉積鉬金屬膜,如由鉬金屬膜414所示意。在一些實施例中,直接在水平高縱橫比介電特徵上的鉬金屬膜的階梯覆蓋率可等於或大於約50%、或大於約80%、或大於約90%、或大於約95%、或大於約98%、或約99%或更大。
作為一個非限制性實例實施例,半導體元件結構408可表示部分製造的記憶體件的一部分,其中介電材料402可包含氧化鋁(Al2O3),鉬金屬膜406可包含金屬柵極結構。
與垂直間隙填充製程一樣,鉬金屬膜可用於水平高縱橫比特徵的間隙填充金屬化而不形成接縫,如前所述。
在本公開的一些實施例中,直接在介電表面上沉積的鉬金屬膜可包含低電阻率鉬金屬膜。例如,在一些實施例中,鉬金屬膜可具有低於3000μΩ-cm、或低於1000μΩ-cm、或低於500μΩ-cm、或低於200μΩ-cm、或低於100μΩ-cm、或低於50μΩ-cm、或低於25μΩ-cm、或低於15μΩ-cm、或甚至低於10μΩ-cm的電阻率。作為一個非限制性實例,可直接在介電材料的表面上方沉積鉬金屬膜至大約小於100埃的厚度並且該鉬金屬膜可表現出低於35μΩ-cm的電阻率。作為又一個非限制性實例,可直接在介電材料的表面上方沉積鉬金屬膜至小於200埃的厚度並且該鉬金屬膜可表現出低於25μΩ-cm的電阻率。
在本公開的一些實施例中,直接在介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法可還包括沉積具有低的雜質原子百分數(原子-%)的鉬金屬膜。例如,本公開的鉬金屬膜可包含低於5原子-%、或低於2原子-%、或甚至低於1原子-%的雜質濃度。在一些實施例中,設置於鉬金屬膜內的雜質可包含至少氧和氯。
上文所描述的本公開的示例實施例不限制本發明的範圍,這是因為這些實施例僅僅是本發明實施例的實例,本發明由所附權利要求書和其合法等效物界定。任何等效實施例都意欲在本發明的範圍內。實際上,除本文中所
展示和描述的如所描述元件的替代適用組合的內容以外,對於所屬領域的技術人員來說,本公開的各種修改將從描述變得顯而易見。此類修改和實施例也意欲落在所附權利要求書的範圍內。
Claims (29)
- 一種用於通過迴圈沉積製程直接在基材的介電材料表面上沉積鉬金屬膜的方法,該方法包括:向反應室中提供包含介電表面的基材;和直接在該介電表面上沉積鉬金屬膜,其中所述沉積包括:使該基材與包含鹵化鉬前體的第一氣相反應物接觸;和使該基材與包含還原劑前體的第二氣相反應物接觸。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其還包括加熱該基材至400℃和700℃之間的基材溫度。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其還包括加熱該基材至500℃和600℃之間的基材溫度。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其還包括在沉積過程中調節該反應室內的壓力至高於30托。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鹵化鉬包含硫屬化物鹵化鉬。
- 如請求項5所述的方法,其中該硫屬化物鹵化鉬包含選自以下的氧鹵化鉬:氧氯化鉬、氧碘化鉬或氧溴化鉬。
- 如請求項6所述的方法,其中該氧氯化鉬包含二氯二氧化鉬(IV)(MoO2Cl2)。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該還原劑前體包含以下中的至少之一:分子氫(H2)、原子氫(H)、合成氣體(H2+N2)、氨(NH3)、肼(N2H4)、肼衍生物、基於氫的等離子體、氫自由基、氫激發態物質、醇、醛、羧酸、硼烷、胺或矽烷。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鹵化鉬包含氯化鉬。
- 如請求項9所述的方法,其中該氯化鉬包含五氯化鉬(MoCl5)。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該方法包括至少一個沉積迴圈,其中使該基材交替且依序地與該第一氣相反應物和該第二氣相反應物接觸。
- 如請求項11所述的方法,其中該沉積迴圈重複一次或多次。
- 如請求項11所述的方法,其中沉積該鉬金屬膜包括原子層沉積製程。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中沉積該鉬金屬膜包括迴圈化學氣相沉積製程。
- 如請求項14所述的方法,其中該迴圈化學氣相製程包括週期性地使該基材與該第一氣相反應物接觸和連續地使該基材與該第二氣相反應物接觸。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鉬金屬膜在小於100埃的厚度下具有低於35μΩ-cm的電阻率。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鉬膜在小於200埃的厚度下具有低於25μΩ-cm的電阻率。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鉬金屬膜為結晶膜。
- 如請求項18所述的方法,其中該結晶鉬金屬膜具有多個晶粒尺寸大於100埃的結晶晶粒。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鉬金屬膜具有低於2原子-%的雜質濃度。
- 如請求項1所述的方法,其中該鉬金屬膜沉積為具有高於百分之90(%)的階梯覆蓋率。
- 一種半導體元件結構,其包含直接設置於如請求項1所述方法沉積的介電材料的表面上的鉬金屬膜。
- 一種半導體元件結構,包含: 包含一個或多個間隙特徵的基材,其中該一個或多個間隙特徵包含介電材料的表面;和設置於該一個或多個間隙特徵中並填充該一個或多個間隙特徵的鉬金屬膜,其中該鉬金屬膜設置為與該介電材料的表面直接接觸。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該一個或多個間隙特徵包含縱橫比大於1:2的基本上水平的間隙特徵。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該一個或多個間隙特徵包含縱橫比大於2:1的基本垂直的間隙特徵。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該鉬金屬膜填充該一個或多個間隙特徵而不形成接縫。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該鉬金屬膜在小於200埃的厚度下具有低於25μΩ-cm的電阻率。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該鉬金屬膜包含多晶鉬金屬膜,其包括多個晶粒尺寸大於100埃的結晶晶粒。
- 如請求項23所述的結構,其中該鉬金屬膜具有低於2原子-%的雜質濃度。
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US16/105,745 US20190067003A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2018-08-20 | Methods for depositing a molybdenum metal film on a dielectric surface of a substrate and related semiconductor device structures |
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KR102553413B1 (ko) | 2023-07-07 |
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