TW201728001A - 三維陶瓷模造天線 - Google Patents

三維陶瓷模造天線 Download PDF

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TW201728001A
TW201728001A TW105132996A TW105132996A TW201728001A TW 201728001 A TW201728001 A TW 201728001A TW 105132996 A TW105132996 A TW 105132996A TW 105132996 A TW105132996 A TW 105132996A TW 201728001 A TW201728001 A TW 201728001A
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antenna
substrate
resonator element
resonator
embedded
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艾利斯特 胡賽尼
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艾那勒斯公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
    • H01Q1/405—Radome integrated radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
    • H02J7/025—

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

一種天線，包括用以輻射一無線信號之一共振器元件以及內嵌共振器之一基板。共振器元件可為一3D共振器元件。3D共振器元件可為一螺旋形共振器元件。

Description

三維陶瓷模造天線
本發明係有關於無線充電系統，特別係有關於發射用以為電子裝置供電之無線功率信號之發射器天線。
歷史上係透過使用感應耦合來執行電子裝置之電池之無線充電。電子裝置之充電基台接收器可具有一個或者多個線圈，其中可透過施加電流以產生磁場，使得當另一個線圈靠近時，產生變壓器效應並且於線圈之間傳輸功率。然而，這種感應耦合具有有限之短距離，例如幾英寸或者更小。這種無線充電之示例包括放置於充電座上之電子牙刷以及包括一個或者多個線圈之感應墊，以使具有線圈之電子裝置可放置於感應墊上以進行充電。
儘管感應充電可使用戶於電子裝置充電時免於將電源線插入至電子裝置中，但感應充電技術之顯著缺點為電子裝置必須位於充電站之有限範圍內。例如，若用戶之移動裝置(例如行動電話)位於沒有充電板或者足夠數量之充電板之會議室中，則用戶無法於沒有傳統電源線之情況下對他或她的電話進行充電。
近年來已開發遠距無線充電。遠距無線充電透過產生攜帶足夠電力之無線信號進行操作，可透過引導上述無線 信號以對電子裝置之電池充電或者操作無線裝置。然而，上述之技術係受到限制，其原因為技術之進步為一種挑戰，由於必須開發發射器、接收器、天線、通信協定以及發射器之智能(i)使足夠之無線功率能夠無線地導向電子裝置以對電子裝置充電，以及(ii)使得遠距無線充電對於人而言為安全且有效率的。
儘管遠距無線充電之開發上有一些進展，但使家庭以及企業(例如會議室)接受新之技術通常需要超出功能之設計元素。舉例來說，對於可使發射器於小區域中傳送高增益同時避免功率傳輸至其它附近區域之遠程無線功率充電而言，可使用三維(3D)發射器天線。然而，於遠距無線充電之使用頻率上，由於3D天線具有非常大之尺寸(例如深度)，使得消費者以及企業可能因為其非預期之外型以及尺寸(例如3D發射器天線自安裝有發射器之牆延伸)而拒絕將這樣的裝置設置於其家庭以及辦公室中。
為了提供商業上可被消費者以及企業所接受之遠距無線充電系統之發射器之發射器天線，天線係具有用以輻射無線信號之共振器元件以及內嵌共振器元件之基板。透過將共振器元件嵌入具有高介電常數之基板內，可減小天線之尺寸(包括長度或者深度)。天線尺寸之變小係提供於某些環境(例如家庭以及會議室)中商業上可行之解決方案。於一實施例中，共振器元件為螺旋形的(helical shaped)。基板可為陶瓷，例如氧化鋁。無線信號可包括頻率大於1GHz之載波信號。當 自螺旋形天線傳送時，無線信號可為圓極化的。其它形狀之天線可產生多極化無線信號。將共振器元件嵌入具有高相對介電常數之基板中將可允許使用各種不同之天線類型並具有變小之尺寸。
天線之其中一實施例可包括用以輻射無線信號之共振器元件以及內嵌共振器元件之基板。共振器元件可為螺旋形的。基板可為陶瓷，例如氧化鋁。核心可設置於螺旋形共振器元件之匝(turn)內並被其包圍。多個天線可設置於鑄件(casting)中，鑄件可為矽或陶瓷、或者具有相似介電常數屬性之任何其它材料，以形成包括具有共振器元件或者內嵌共振器元件之基板之多個天線元件之天線。
天線製造方法之一實施例可包括形成用以輻射無線信號之共振器元件，以及將共振器元件嵌入於基板中。於形成共振器元件時，可形成螺旋形共振器元件。
用以對電池進行無線充電之裝置之一實施例可包括具有發射器之發射單元，以及與發射器進行通信之天線單元。天線單元可包括多個3D天線元件，其用以發射對電池充電之無線信號。電池可為移動裝置(例如行動電話)之電池。
實施例之附加特徵以及優點將描述於下面之敘述中，並且一部份於敘述中為顯而易見的。本發明之目的以及其它優點將可透過於說明書以及其申請專利範圍以及附圖中之示例性實施例中特別指出之結構實現以及獲得。
必須理解的是，前述之一般性描述以及以下詳細 描述僅用以作為示例以及解釋之目的，以及用以提供對本發明之申請專利範圍之進一步解釋。
100‧‧‧無線電力環境
102‧‧‧發射器
104‧‧‧電子裝置
106‧‧‧接收器
108‧‧‧天線陣列
109‧‧‧天線元件
112‧‧‧通信組件
114‧‧‧能量區域
116‧‧‧通信波
1300‧‧‧天線單元
1302‧‧‧天線
1304‧‧‧共振器元件
1306‧‧‧天線子單元
1308‧‧‧金屬側壁
1310‧‧‧接地面
1312‧‧‧基板
1400‧‧‧天線單元
1402‧‧‧天線
1404‧‧‧基板
1406‧‧‧接地面
1500、1600‧‧‧流程
1502、1504、1602、1604‧‧‧步驟流程
200‧‧‧天線
202‧‧‧共振器元件
204‧‧‧基板
206‧‧‧基座
208‧‧‧連接器
210‧‧‧饋電點
400a‧‧‧基部
400b‧‧‧天線
406‧‧‧共振器元件
408‧‧‧基板
410‧‧‧核心
414‧‧‧饋電點
500‧‧‧柱狀天線
500~1200‧‧‧天線
502‧‧‧激發器
504‧‧‧基板
506‧‧‧基座
600‧‧‧木八天線
602‧‧‧共振器
604‧‧‧基板
附圖係構成說明書之一部份，用以顯示本發明之實施例，並與說明書一同解釋本發明。
第1圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之示例性無線功率環境之圖示，其中發射器用以辨識包括具有減小尺寸之3D發射器天線之一個或者多個接收器之位置，並將無線功率信號發射至上述接收器以形成能量區域(energy pocket)。
第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之天線之圖示，其中天線為螺旋形天線，並具有內嵌共振器元件之基板。
第3圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之顯示第2圖之天線之增益之示例性天線場形(antenna pattern)。
第4A圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之包括嵌入於基板中之螺旋形共振器之螺旋形天線之底座(mechanical base)之圖示。
第4B圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之包括螺旋形天線之第4A圖之底座之圖示，其中螺旋形天線具有嵌入於基板內並且安裝至基座之螺旋共振元件。
第5圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之具有替代基座之另一示例性螺旋形天線之圖示。
第6圖至第12圖係顯示根據本發明一些實施例所述之因嵌入於具有高介電常數之基板中而具有變小之尺寸之替代天線類型之圖示。
第13圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之包括具有共振器元件之複數天線之示例性天線單元之圖示。
第14圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之包括嵌入於基板中之複數天線之示例性天線單元之圖示。
第15圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之用以產生包括嵌入於基板中之共振器元件之3D發射器天線之示例性流程之流程圖。
第16圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之用以產生發射器之示例性流程之流程圖，其中發射器具有利用第14圖或者第15圖之流程所產生之3D發射器天線。
這此係參照構成本發明之一部份之附圖中所示之實施例詳細描述本發明之內容。在不脫離本發明之精神或者範圍之情況下，可使用其它實施例和/或可進行其它改變。於詳細描述中所述之示例性實施例並非用以限制本發明之標的。在此所述之發明特徵之改變以及進一步地修改、以及在此所述之本發明之原理之其它應用可在不脫離本發明之範圍之情況下透過相關領域以及擁有本發明之內容之技術人員實現。
參閱第1圖，第1圖係顯示說明示例性無線電力環境100，其中發射器102a、102b(統稱為102)係用以辨識具有包括一個或者多個接收器天線(例如交叉極化偶極天線(cross-polarized dipole antenna))之接收器106(或多個接收器)之電子裝置104之位置，並向接收器106發送無線功率 信號或者電波以於接收器106形成無線射頻訊號反節點(anti-node)。雖然圖中係顯示具有多個發射器102，但必須理解的是，亦可使用單個發射器。每個發射器102包括分別具有天線元件109a~109m、109n~109z(統稱為109)之天線陣列108a、108b(統稱為108)，並用以發射無線功率信號110a、110b(統稱為110)。於一實施例中，天線陣列108a、108b具有相同數量之天線元件。或者，天線陣列108a、108b具有不同數量之天線元件。以及，天線陣列108a、108b可具有相同或者不同之天線元件之佈局或者配置。天線陣列108a、108b可具有固定間隔之天線元件或者多組具有用於不同類型之傳輸之不同間隔之天線元件。
由於發射器102將設置於家庭以及商業場所(例如會議室)中，因此發射器102將以具有小面積和/或小輪廓之方式來確定大小。儘管於一些情況下面積之尺寸(例如整個天線陣列之寬度)必須具有用以於各種距離產生小的能量區域之特定長度，但其外型(例如沿著z軸之天線元件109之長度，其定義發射器102自牆壁延伸之距離)可減小至對於消費者以及企業採用而言更具有商業可行性。
發射器102亦可包括與電子裝置104進行通信之通信組件112a、112b(統稱為112)。於一實施例中，接收器106可配置具有發射器或者其它可與通信組件112進行通信之電路，從而使得發射器102能夠於接收器106集中無線功率信號110以形成能量區域114。能量區域114可為來自無線功率信號110之波於其處形成反節點(即振盪信號之結合峰值)之 局部區域，如本領域所理解的，其係產生來自每個無線功率信號110之峰值信號之組合。
由於天線陣列108可具有導致無線功率信號110根據電子裝置相對於各個天線陣列108之方向以不同極化所傳輸之方向，因此接收器106可包括例如交叉極化偶極天線，使得接收器106相對於天線陣列108之方向對自無線功率信號110所接收之功率具有最小之影響。如果天線陣列108之天線為螺旋形的，則無線信號被圓極化，從而使得交叉極化天線為有效的。
參閱第2圖，圖中係顯示天線200(於此情況下為螺旋形天線)，其中共振器元件202係嵌入於基板204內。共振器元件202係配置為具有四(4)匝之螺旋形狀。匝數之尺寸以及數量係取決於天線操作之頻率範圍以及其預期之指向性。於示例性實施例中，天線係操作於1GHz以上之頻率。然而，天線可操作於900MHz~100GHz之頻率範圍中。更具體地，中心頻率可為具有適於操作之帶寬(例如200MHz~5GHz之帶寬)之約為1GHz、5.8GHz、24GHz、60GHz以及72GHz之頻率，以及天線之尺寸以及天線之類型可配置為適應操作之頻率。基板204為圓柱形的，並內嵌共振器元件202。於一實施例中，基板204係為陶瓷，其中陶瓷可為氧化鋁。基板204用以作為介質(dielectric)，並比空氣更緻密。基板可為於經由發射器之天線200所發射之無線信號之中心頻率提供介於大約9以及大約10之間之相對介電常數之任何材料。取決於天線之規格，亦可為其它相對介電常數範圍。
基座206係顯示為包括定義基板可位於其中之一支撐區域208之圓形部份。基座206亦可包括連接器208，一導體(未顯示)通過連接器208延伸至饋電點(feed point)210以將功率信號饋送至共振器元件202，功率信號將透過天線200發送至移動裝置，例如，用以進行充電。如本領域中所能理解的，基座206可作為接地面，以反射無線功率信號(或者限制位於共振器元件202下方所投射之輻射)。
參閱第3圖，其中係顯示示出第2圖之天線之增益之示例性天線場形300。天線場形顯示為具有沿著Z軸(即於天線下方)略低至-10dB以及沿著Z軸略高於8dB之範圍。亦可利用高於10dB或者更高之增益位準。為了遠距充電之目的，可利用指向性以及增益位準以確保接收器處之能量區域具有夠小之尺寸、並具有夠高之能量，以實現無線裝置之遠距充電。於一實施例中，指向性係大於8dB。指向性可介於8dB以及10dB之間。
參閱第4A圖，其中係顯示包括嵌入於基板(參見圖4B)中之螺旋形共振器元件之螺旋形天線之一實施例之底座400a之圖示。基部400a顯示為包括由基部400a所定義之圓形支撐區域402。饋電點404包括可於其上傳輸功率信號之電導體。於一實施例中，功率信號可具有1GHz以上之頻率，因此饋電點404以及延伸至其上之導體(未顯示)將支援上述之頻率。饋電點404可適用於接合或者連接至螺旋共振元件，如第4B圖所示。如本發明中所述，底座400a之尺寸可自支撐未嵌入於基板中之螺旋形天線之常規底座開始 減小。
參閱第4B圖，其中係顯示第4A圖之底座400a之圖示，底座400a包括具有嵌入基板408內並安裝至基座400a之天線或者共振器元件406之螺旋形天線。如前所述，基板可為陶瓷基板，例如氧化鋁，但可為支援變小之尺寸以及某些性能之天線之相對介電常數位於特定範圍中之任何其它基板。於一實施例中，相對介電常數(即歸一化為真空(vacuum)介電常數)係介於大約9以及大約10之間。取決於頻率、增益、天線場形或者任何其它參數，亦可為其它相對介電常數範圍。
如圖所示，共振器元件406可為螺旋形共振器元件。如本領域所理解的，螺旋形共振器元件用以產生圓極化信號(circularly polarized signal)。於一實施例中，支撐區域402之尺寸可設置為提供用於基板408之摩擦配合(friction fit)。或者，粘合劑(例如膠、環氧樹脂等)或者機械部件(例如插銷(pin)、螺釘等)用以將包括共振器元件406之基板408固定至底座400a。天線400b之一方面包括徑向位於共振器元件406中之核心410。核心410可為與基板408不同之基板材料，使核心410具有與基板408不同之介電常數。於一替代實施例中，核心410由與基板408相同之材料所構成，並可形成於與基板410相同或者不同之時間。共振器元件406可與核心410分開形成或者形成於核心410上。共振器元件406可為導電”彈簧(spring)”或者為施加至核心410之材料(例如導電塗料或者墨水)。如本領域中所理解的，核心410係提供 相對於空心(air core)之某些性能之改進。
用於製造天線400b之一實施例可包括形成用以輻射無線信號之共振器元件，以及將共振器元件嵌入於基板中。如第4B圖所示，振動元件可形成為螺旋形狀，以及基板408可內嵌振動元件406。於一實施例中，核心410可於將共振器元件406嵌入基板408之前配置為具有共振器元件406。包括共振器元件406以及可選之核心410之基板408可插入至底座400a之支撐區域402。於一方面，基板408可使用粘合劑或者機械元件(例如螺釘)固定或者以其它方式固定至底座400a。於一實施例中，而是可以預先形成之方式將共振器元件406提供給製造商，而非形成共振器元件406，而製造商可將預先形成之共振器元件406嵌入於基板408內。由於天線400b因共振器元件406嵌入於基板408內而使得尺寸減小，因此基板400a可具有比傳統基板更小之尺寸。以及，由於基板400a變得更小，更多天線400b可被定位於更小之底面積中，藉此使得天線陣列變得更小(或者於相同之底面積中具有更多之天線)，並且由於用於製造天線之陣列之材料減少而變得更便宜。此外，較小之底面積可對使用遠距充電系統之客戶而言更加美觀，使其更具有商業可行性。
參閱第5~12圖，其中係顯示由於嵌入於具有高相對介電常數之基板內而使其尺寸減小之替代天線類型之圖示。第5圖為包括激發器(exciter)或共振器502以及位於激發器502中之基板(例如陶瓷)504之簡易柱狀天線500。於 操作中，基板504用以作為使得無線信號被截取於基板504中之陷波發射器，以及當使用基板504時係產生具有比增益更高之增益之更定向之天線場形。基板可安裝至基座506，以包括於另一結構(例如發射器)中。
第6圖係顯示示例性八木天線600之圖示，包括安裝至配置為矩形桿之基板604之一系列垂直對準之共振器602。可使用替代形狀之基板604。透過利用與天線400b相同或者類似之方式嵌入於基板(未顯示)中，使得兩個天線500、600可具有一變小之尺寸。基板可為陶瓷，例如氧化鋁。基板可為與基板504、604相同或不同之材料。對於天線500、600之變小之尺寸而言，分別對應於天線500、600之用以作為接地面之基板之尺寸亦可變小。於一實施例中，接地面可為1.5平方英寸或者更小。
第7~12圖分別顯示不同類型之示例性天線700~1200(於此情況下為3D天線)之圖示，其可嵌入於基板(未顯示)內，並透過自發射器發射無線功率信號至無線裝置以提供遠距無線充電。如前所述，由於天線700~1200係嵌入於具有高於某一位準之相對介電常數之基板中，因此其可具有較小之尺寸。於一實施例中，相對介電常數可大於5，以顯著地使天線結構之尺寸變小。於另一實施例中，基板之相對介電常數可介於9以及10之間。亦可利用其它位準之相對介電常數。可以理解的是，儘管用於3D天線700~1200之基板可提供尺寸變小之天線700~1200，但使用具有2D天線之基板可提供類似之尺寸變小之2D天線。
第7圖係顯示印刷於印刷電路板(PCB)上之示例性八木天線700之圖示。第8圖係為另一個示例性螺旋形天線800之圖示。第9圖係為示例性錐形天線900。第10圖係為示例性多級堆疊S天線(multi-level stacked S antenna)1000之圖示。類似於其它提到之天線，第10圖所示之天線可於高介電常數介質內部成形。多級堆疊S天線之金屬部份可為沖壓之單片金屬。第11圖係為示例性小型化拋物面天線1100之圖示，其中拋物面表面填充有高介電常數介質。第12圖係為示例性喇叭天線1200之圖示。於一實施例中，喇叭天線1200可具有填充於喇叭中之基板(未顯示)而非完全嵌入於基板(未顯示)中。或者，整個喇叭可嵌入基板中。喇叭亦可具有設置於喇叭中之基板，其與嵌入包括基板位於喇叭中之整個喇叭之另一基板不同。
參閱第13圖，其中係顯示包括具有共振器元件1304a-1304n(統稱為1304)之多個天線1302a~1302n(統稱為1302)之示例性天線單元1300之圖示。天線1302可設置於由具有金屬側壁1308a~1308n+1(統稱為1308)(形成波導或者準波導結構)之單位單元(即周期形狀)所定義之天線子單元1306a~1306n(統稱為1306)，其可由用以定義天線子單元1306並限制射頻信號以干擾相鄰天線之金屬或其它材料所形成。更定義天線子單元1306可為接地面1310a~1310n(統稱為1310)。替代實施例可不包括限定天線子單元1306之一部份之接地面。基板1312a~1312n(統稱為1312)係作為每個天線子單元1306之一部份。基板1312 可為相同之基板。或者，可使用不同之基板，其中不同天線子單元1306中之基板可具有不同之性質(例如不同之介電常數)。基板1312可為陶瓷。
於製造天線子單元1306時，可組裝金屬側壁1308以及接地面1310(或者非接地面底部結構部件)以定義天線子單元1306。天線1302可定位於組裝之金屬側壁1308以及定義天線子單元1306之接地面1310中，然後可於處於可流動或者可注射狀態時澆注基板1302以嵌入天線1302，並可允許或者激發基板1302轉變為固態。於添加基板1312之前電導體(未顯示)可被連接至天線1302。儘管圖中係顯示為線性陣列，但可以理解的是，天線單元1300可配置為天線1302之矩陣，例如第1圖所示之天線陣列108。
參閱第14圖，其中係顯示包括嵌入於基板1404中之複數天線1402a~1402n(統稱為1402)之示例性天線單元1400之圖示。於一實施例中，天線單元1400可包括部份地形成來自天線1402之天線場形之接地面1406。如本領域所理解的，天線1402共同提供天線陣列，使得自天線陣列發射之無線功率信號之定相(phasing)可致能天線場形指向定相之陣列天線場形中。天線單元1400並不包括有助於將天線1402彼此隔離以減少串擾之波導壁，例如金屬側壁1308。然而，基板1404有助於衰減近場信號以減少介於相鄰天線1402之間之串擾。嵌入多個天線元件之基板1404可視為鑄件。基板1404可為介質，例如陶瓷材料或者矽材料。
參閱第15圖，其中係顯示用於產生包括嵌入於基 板中之天線元件之發射器天線之示例性過程1500之流程圖。上述過程可起始於步驟1502，形成用以輻射無線信號之共振器元件。共振器元件可為3D天線，並形成各種不同之配置，例如如第5-12圖所示。於步驟1504，共振器元件可嵌入於基板中。於將共振器元件嵌入基板中時，基板可以可流動或者可注射狀態施加至基板，並轉變為固態。基板可起始於粉末形式並具有與粉末混合之液體溶液以形成基板。基板可具有介於9以及10之間之相對介電常數。可根據天線之參數以及天線將發送之信號頻率使用可選之相對介電常數值。
參閱第16圖，其中係顯示用以產生具有利用第15圖之過程所產生之3D發射器天線之發射器之示例性過程之流程圖。過程1600可起始於步驟1602，提供包括具有嵌入於基板中之共振器元件之複數天線之天線陣列。於步驟1604，天線陣列可連接至發射器。發射器可用以發送大於1GHz之信號，以及天線陣列之天線可支援大於1GHz之頻率並提供用於無線功率信號之信號之帶寬。
用於對電池進行無線充電之裝置之一實施例可包括具有發射器以及與發射器進行通信之天線單元之發射單元。天線單元可包括用以發射用於對電池充電之無線信號之多個3D天線元件。電池可位於移動裝置(例如移動電話)中。或者，無線信號可用以操作電子裝置。3D天線元件可為螺旋形的。天線單元可包括導電安裝插座(conductive mount socket)，其用以接合包圍介電柱(dielectric rod)之對應3D天線元件，導電安裝插座以及天線元件係被感應耦合 (inductively coupled)以使無線功率信號透過天線元件傳輸。3D天線元件可封裝於介質中。介質可為陶瓷。介質可具有大於5之相對介電常數。相對介電常數於無線信號之中心頻率可介於大約9以及大約10之間。無線信號可具有大於1GHz之頻率。於一實施例中，天線元件可為沖壓金屬結構(stamped metal structure)。沖壓金屬結構可用以以多個極化發送無線功率信號。極化可為三個。
天線單元可用以作為線性陣列。線性陣列可長於2英尺。線性陣列可由包括設置介於多個線性陣列之間之空間之多個線性陣列所形成。天線單元可用以作為矩陣。3D天線元件可規則地間隔開。天線元件可可變地間隔開。3D天線元件可分組為子陣列，以及子陣列可為可選擇的，以透過所選擇之子陣列發送無線功率信號。3D天線元件可為單獨可選擇的。處理單元可用以致使發射器產生信號，並經由3D天線元件發送無線功率信號。
前述方法之描述以及過程流程圖僅用以作為示例性實施例，並非用以要求或者暗示各個實施例之步驟必須以所呈現之順序執行。前述實施例中之步驟可以任何順序執行。諸如”然後(then)”、”下一個(next)”等詞語並非用以限制步驟之順序；這些詞語僅用以引導讀者對方法之描述。儘管過程流程圖可將操作描述為順序過程，但許多操作可併行或者同時執行。此外，可重新配置操作之順序。過程可對應於方法、功能、過程、子例程、子程序等。當過程對應於功能時，其結束可對應於功能返回至呼叫之功能或者主功能。
前述之實施例或者示例已概述本發明之特徵，本領域技術人員可更佳地理解本發明之各個方面。本領域技術人員應當理解，他們可輕易地使用本發明作為用於設計或者修改其它過程以及結構以實施相同之目的和/或實現本發明所介紹之實施例或示例之相同優點。本領域技術人員可理解的是，上述等效構造並未脫離本發明之精神以及範圍，並且可於不脫離本發明之精神以及範圍進行各種改變、替換以及更改。
100‧‧‧無線電力環境
102a、102b‧‧‧發射器
104‧‧‧電子裝置
106‧‧‧接收器
108a、108b‧‧‧天線陣列
109a、109m、109n、109z‧‧‧天線元件
110a、110b‧‧‧無線功率信號
112a、112b‧‧‧通信組件
114‧‧‧能量區域
116a、116b‧‧‧通信波

Claims (29)

  1. 一種天線，包括：一共振器元件，用以輻射一無線信號；以及一基板，內嵌上述共振器元件。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項項所述之天線，其中上述共振器元件為螺旋形的。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之天線，其中上述基板為圓柱形的。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之天線，其中上述無線信號大於1GHz。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述基板為陶瓷。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之天線，其中上述陶瓷為氧化鋁。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之天線，更包括徑向設置於用以定義一天線元件之上述共振器元件中之一核心。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之天線，其中上述核心為陶瓷。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之天線，更包括嵌入複數天線元件之一介質之一鑄件。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之天線，其中上述鑄件為矽。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述基板於上述無線信號之一中心頻率具有介於大約9以及大約10之間之相對介電常數。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，更包括具有上述共振器元間延伸於其上之一接地面。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之天線，其中上述接地面之尺寸小於約1.5平方英寸。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中嵌入於上述基板中之上述共振器元件具有大於約8dB之一指向性。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中嵌入於上述基板中之上述共振器元件具有介於大約9dB以及大約10dB之間之一指向性。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述共振器元件致使上述無線信號圓極化。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，更包括嵌入上述基板中之多個共振器元件。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述共振器元件係設置於印刷電路板(PCB)上。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述共振器元件係印刷於矽上。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線，其中上述天線發射無線功率信號以對一電子裝置充電。
  21. 一種天線製造方法，上述方法包括：形成用以輻射一無線信號之一共振器元件；以及將上述共振器元件嵌入於一基板中。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之天線製造方法，其中形成上述共振器之步驟包括形成一螺旋形共振器元件。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之天線製造方法，其中將上述共振器元件嵌入於上述基板中之步驟包括將上述共振器元 件嵌入於一陶瓷基板中。
  24. 一種用以對電池進行無線充電之裝置，上述裝置包括：一發射單元，包括：一發射器；以及一天線單元，與上述發射器進行通信，上述天線單元包括用以發射對一電池進行充電之一無線信號之複數3D天線元件。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第24項所述之裝置，其中上述3D天線元件為螺旋形的。
  26. 如申請專利範圍第24項所述之裝置，其中上述3D天線元件係封裝於一介質中。
  27. 如申請專利範圍第26項所述之裝置，其中上述介質為陶瓷。
  28. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之裝置，其中上述介質於上述無線信號之中心頻率具有介於約9以及約10之間之一介電常數。
  29. 如申請專利範圍第24項所述之裝置，其中上述無線信號具有大於1GHz之頻率。
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US10734717B2 (en) 2020-08-04
CN107039750B (zh) 2021-03-12
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US20170104263A1 (en) 2017-04-13
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