TW201637535A - 可撓性積層板與多層電路基板 - Google Patents
可撓性積層板與多層電路基板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201637535A TW201637535A TW105100731A TW105100731A TW201637535A TW 201637535 A TW201637535 A TW 201637535A TW 105100731 A TW105100731 A TW 105100731A TW 105100731 A TW105100731 A TW 105100731A TW 201637535 A TW201637535 A TW 201637535A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- insulating film
- temperature
- liquid crystal
- metal foil
- crystal polymer
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910016847 F2-WS Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001646 UPILEX Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JARHXLHLCUCUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;terephthalic acid Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 JARHXLHLCUCUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007719 peel strength test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
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- H05K3/022—Processes for manufacturing precursors of printed circuits, i.e. copper-clad substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
一種可撓性積層板的製造方法,包含:連續地供給液晶聚合物所構成的絕緣薄膜與金屬箔於一對環狀帶之間的製程;於環狀帶之間,熱壓接合絕緣薄膜與金屬箔,以形成可撓性積層板的製程。熱壓接合製程包含:加熱可撓性積層板,使得可撓性積層板的最高溫度,於構成絕緣薄膜的液晶聚合物的融點還低45度C的溫度之上,且比該融點低5度C的溫度以下的範圍中,緩冷卻可撓性積層板,使得由環狀帶搬送出時的出口溫度,即可撓性積層板的溫度,於構成絕緣薄膜的液晶聚合物的融點還低235度C的溫度之上,且比該融點還低100度C的溫度以下範圍中。
Description
本發明與可撓性積層板與多層電路基板相關。
絕緣層以及金屬層相接合而成的可撓性積層板例如作為用於製造可撓性印刷配線基板的材料使用。近年由於對於可能性印刷配線基板高頻化的要求,將低介電材料的液晶聚合物作為絕緣層使用的可撓性積層板受到關注。
例如,專利文獻1當中,揭露了使用雙帶壓力裝置,由液晶聚合物而成的絕緣膜的兩面上疊上金屬箔,藉由將其熱壓成型,來製造絕緣膜與金屬膜熱壓接合的可撓性積層板的技術。此外,也揭露了藉由將熱壓成形時的加熱溫度設定在構成絕緣膜的液晶聚合物的熔點以上且比溶點高20度的溫度以下的範圍,使得所製造的可撓性積層板上可維持在絕緣層與金屬箔之間的撕裂強度,而同時能降低尺寸歪斜等特點。
另一方面,專利文獻2當中,作為多層電路基板的製造方法揭露了積層多個圖案膜並將其以熱壓機接合為一體而多層化的方法,其中該圖案膜包括由熱可塑樹脂而成的絕緣膜以及形成於絕緣膜表面的導體圖案。在用於製造此多層電路基板的圖案膜上,對於由絕緣膜而成的絕緣層設有貫孔,而貫孔充填著層間接合材料。然後,於多層電路基板上,透過充填於貫孔內的層間接合材料,來確保層間的導通。
先行技術文獻 專利文獻 日本專利文獻 JP2010-221694公開公報 日本專利文獻 JP2003-23250公開公報
然而,近年隨著對於可撓性印刷配線基板的高密度安裝技術的進步,需要尺寸變化率小的可撓性積層板。具體地說,需要導體電路形成的前後、安裝各種元件用的熱迴焊(reflow)種植鉛錫球時的加熱製程前後的尺寸變化率的小型可撓性積層板。
此外,使用由各種液晶聚合物而成的絕緣膜的圖案膜來製造多層電路基板,發現與使用I型液晶聚合物而成的絕緣膜的情形比較下,當使用II 型液晶聚合物而成的絕緣膜時,存有容易發生層間導通不良的問題。其原因被認為是,當藉著熱壓機一體化的時候,軟化後的液晶聚合物流入貫孔中,阻礙了透過層間接合材料進行的層間導通。
此發明有鑑於此狀況,以提供尺寸變化率小的可撓性積層板為 目的。此外,本發明的另一個目的是,關於使用II型液晶聚合物而成的絕緣膜的積層板,提供一種積層板的製造方法,能夠抑止在形成多層電路基板時的層間導通不良的發生,並且提供一種多層電路基板,能夠抑止層間的導通不良的發生。
為達上述目的的本發明之一態樣為,提供一可撓性積層板,其具備:液晶聚合物所構成之絕緣層;以及所述絕緣層的單面或是雙面上所形成的金屬層,其中,所述液晶聚合物為熔點超過250度C之液晶聚合物,所述可撓性積層板於日本工業規格JIS C 6471所規定的尺寸安全性檢驗測試中,當加熱溫度為250度C時尺寸變化率為正負0.05%的範圍內,於所述絕緣層的寬度方向上的、所述絕緣層的厚度的標準差為1.2µm以下。
為達上述目的的本發明之另一態樣為,提供一種可撓性積層板的製造方法,其具有:連續地供給液晶聚合物所構成的絕緣膜與金屬箔於一對環狀帶之間的製程;於所述環狀帶之間,熱壓接合所述絕緣膜與所述金屬箔,以形成可撓性積層板的製程,其中,所述熱壓接合製程包含:加熱所述可撓性積層板,使得所述可撓性積層板的最高溫度,於比構成所述絕緣膜的所述液晶聚合物的熔點還低45度C的溫度之上,且比該熔點低5度C的溫度以下的範圍中;緩冷卻所述可撓性積層板,使得由所述環狀帶搬送出時的所述可撓性積層板的溫度,即出口溫度,於比構成所述絕緣膜的所述液晶聚合物的熔點還低235度C的溫度之上,且比該熔點還低100度C的溫度以下範圍中。
所述可撓性積層板的製造方法中,較佳地為,所述絕緣膜由以6-羥基-2-萘甲酸與4-羥基苯甲酸為構成單位的熔點超過250度C的液晶聚合物所構成。
於所述可撓性積層板的製造方法中,較佳地為,所述金屬箔為由銅箔、鋁箔、不鏽鋼箔、銅鋁合金所構成之箔片當中所選的至少一種。
本發明的再一種態樣為,提供用於多層電路基板的製造的積層板的製造方法,所述多層電路基板由6-羥基-2-萘甲酸與4-羥基苯甲酸的聚合物所構成的絕緣膜與金屬箔積層而成,所述方法為,具有:將所述絕緣膜以120至250度C的溫度加熱20秒以上使其乾燥之製程;藉由將乾燥後的所述絕緣膜與所述金屬箔以250至330度C的溫度加熱,同時以0.5至10MPa的壓力加壓10至600秒間進行熱壓接合而形成積層板之製程;其中,使用動態黏彈性測定裝置,以動態應力控制模式以及自動靜載重模式,對動態應力以及靜載重進行控制,同時以動負載15g、頻率1Hz、升溫速度5度C/分的條件來測定的、從所述熱壓接合的製程後的所述積層板上去除所述金屬箔所得的所述絕緣膜在250至300度C的最大變形率為0.85%以下。
本發明的再一種態樣為,提供一種多層電路基板,其係將圖案膜進行多層多層積層而多層化而成的,而所述圖案膜係將所述積層板的製造方法所得的積層板進行電路加工而成,其中各圖案膜的所述絕緣膜部分中,設置有填充了層間接合材料的貫孔。
[發明的效果]根據本發明可提供尺寸變化率小的可撓性積層板。此外,可以抑制於多層電路基板中層間導通不良的發生。
[第一實施型態]以下參考圖1,詳細說明將本發明之可撓性積層板的製造方法具體化的一實施型態。
本實施型態的可撓性積層板10的製造方法為具有:熱壓接合製程,將金屬箔12連續地進行熱壓接合於絕緣膜11的兩面,透過此熱壓接合製程製造可撓性積層板10。
首先,敘述製造可撓性積層板10所使用的絕緣膜11以及金屬膜12。
絕緣膜11構成可撓性積層板10中的絕緣層。關於絕緣膜11,使用藉由熔點超過250度C的液晶聚合物而形成的絕緣膜11。作為此般液晶聚合物的例子可舉出:以乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(ethene terephthalate)以及對羥基苯甲酸 (para hydroxy benzoic acid)為構成單位的液晶聚合物、苯酚及鄰苯二甲酸與對羥基苯甲酸為構成單位的液晶聚合物、6-羥基-2-萘甲酸(hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid )與對羥基苯甲酸為構成單位的液晶聚合物等。
絕緣膜11的厚度並不特別限定,例如6至300微米(μm)之範圍為佳,12至150微米之範圍為更佳,而其中又以25至100微米之範圍更為理想。
金屬箔12構成可撓性積層板10中的金屬層。關於金屬箔12,可使用由銅箔、鋁箔、不鏽鋼箔,以及銅鋁合金所構成之箔片當中所選的至少一種,其中特別是以使用由壓延銅箔、電解銅箔以及鋁箔當中所選的至少一種為較佳。
金屬箔12的表面粗糙度並不特別限定。例如十點平均粗糙度(Rz)當中,以0.5至10微米之範圍為佳,0.5至7微米之範圍為更佳。此外,關於金屬箔12的厚度,並不特別限定,但以1.5至150微米之範圍為佳,2至70微米之範圍為更佳,其中又以9至35微米的範圍更為理想。
接著,敘述關於本實施型態的製造方法中的熱壓接合製程。
如圖1所示,於製造產線實施熱壓接合製程,該製造產線具備:雙帶壓力裝置20;出料部30,其將絕緣膜11與金屬箔12分別地供給至雙帶壓力裝置20;捲繞部40,其將自雙帶壓力裝置20搬送來的可撓性積層板10捲繞。
雙帶壓力裝置20具備:一對上側鼓輪21,於搬送方向上以一定的距離間隔並列設置;下側鼓輪22,於各個上側鼓輪21的下側以同樣於搬送方向上以一定的距離間隔並列設置。環狀帶23鋪架於一對上側鼓輪21。環狀帶23構成為藉由一對上側鼓輪21的旋轉而轉動。同樣地,環狀帶24鋪架於一對下側鼓輪22。環狀帶24構成為藉由一對下側鼓輪22的旋轉而轉動。此外,環狀帶23、24可由例如不銹鋼、銅合金、鋁合金等金屬材料來形成。
各環狀帶23、24的內側設置有熱壓裝置25,該熱壓裝置25將環狀帶23、24夾在中間並位於其上下。熱壓裝置25係用來在位於環狀帶23、24的熱壓裝置25之間的部位上施加一定的壓力,並且加熱該部位之裝置。而且,熱壓裝置25構成為可於搬送方向上以每段特定範圍來調整加熱溫度。例如,圖1所示熱壓裝置25,可對沿著搬送方向設置的四個部位25A至25D的每一者個別地調整加熱溫度。
出料部30具備:由呈長尺狀的絕緣膜11捲繞成滾輪狀而成的絕緣膜滾輪31;以及由呈長尺狀金屬箔12捲繞成滾輪狀而成的一組的金屬箔滾輪32。
熱壓接合製程當中,首先,出料部30的絕緣膜滾輪31所給出的絕緣膜11的兩面,分別地疊有由金屬箔滾輪32所給出的金屬箔12,並且連續地供給至雙帶壓力裝置20。供給至雙帶壓力裝置20的絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12藉由環狀帶23、24的旋轉而能夠在夾於環狀帶23、24之間狀態下被搬送至下游側。
絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12在通過環狀帶23、24時,藉由熱壓裝置25隔著環狀帶23、24而被施加一定的面壓。同時,藉由熱壓裝置25隔著環狀帶23、24來加熱絕緣膜11以及金屬膜12。藉此絕緣膜11軟化,絕緣膜11與金屬箔12被熱壓接合,形成絕緣層的兩面上具有金屬層的可撓性積層板10。由雙帶壓力裝置20搬送出的可撓性積層板10,於捲繞部40上捲繞成滾輪狀而回收。
此處,熱壓接合製程中對於絕緣膜11以及金屬膜12的加熱,以下述方式進行。即,於環狀帶23、24間的上游側區域(加熱區)中,加熱絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12使其達到第1溫度T1。然後,於其下游側的區域(緩冷區)中,減弱對絕緣膜11以及金屬膜12的加熱,以一邊緩冷絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12而一邊使可撓性積層板10在比第一溫度T1還低的第二溫度T2下從雙帶壓力裝置20搬送出的方式加熱。換句話說,進行加熱使得通過環狀帶23、24時的可撓性積層板10(絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12)最高溫度為第一溫定T1;並且進行加熱使得出口溫度(即由環狀帶23、24所搬送出時的可撓性積層板10溫度)為第二溫度(T2)。此外,於上述加熱區與緩冷區的分界部分上係為一邊維持施加一定的面壓於可撓性積層板10(絕緣膜11以及金屬膜12)的狀態,一邊變更加熱的樣態。
在形成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物熔點為mp時,第一溫度T1為「mp-45℃≦T1≦mp-5℃」之範圍。也就是說,比液晶聚合物的熔點低45度C的溫度之上,且比該熔點低5度C的溫度之下的範圍。例如,形成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物的熔點為335度C的時候,第一溫度為「290℃≦T1≦330℃」的範圍。第一溫度T1的下限「mp-45℃」為將絕緣膜11與金屬箔12充分接合所需的最小溫度。
此外,第一溫度T1的上限「mp-5℃」為能夠抑制形成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物的熔融的最大溫度。如果液晶聚合物一旦熔融的話,就會因液晶聚合物的的流動使得分子配向變亂使得可撓性積層板10在殘留應力狀態下形成。而其結果為當再度加熱處理可撓性積層板時,發生大的尺寸變化。藉由將第一溫度T1的上限設為「mp-5℃」,抑制液晶聚合物的熔融以及流動,使得此類問題難以發生,並可降低加熱處理前後的可撓性基板10的尺寸變化率。
將形成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物的熔點設為mp時,第二溫度T2為在「mp-235℃≦T2≦mp-100℃」的範圍。也就是在比液晶聚合物的熔點還低235度C的溫度之上且為該熔點低100度溫度之下的範圍。例如,當形成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物熔點為35度C時,第二溫度T2為「100℃≦T2≦235℃」的範圍。藉由進行緩冷使第二溫度T2緩冷至上述範圍,使得因達到第一溫度T1而產生的液晶聚合物的流動而造成的配向變化之影響,可抑制到較小。此結果使得可撓性積層板10的尺寸變化率得以降低。
此外,可藉由測定在熱壓裝置25中,可撓性積層板10正通過加熱溫度切換至低下側的位置時的的溫度,來確認第一溫度T1。例如,於圖1所示的熱壓裝置25中,當以部位25A至25B為加熱區並以高溫加熱至應達的第一溫度、且以部位25C至25D為緩冷區並以低溫加熱使溫度降至應達的第二溫度T2的情形下,可藉由測定通過對應部位25B與部位25C分界位置時的可撓性積層板10的溫度,來確認第一溫度T1。此外,可藉由測定剛從環形帶23、24搬送出的可撓性積層板10的溫度,來確認第二溫度T2。
進一步地,第一溫度T1與第二溫度T2的差(T1-T2),以55至230度C的範圍為佳。此外,第一溫度與第二的比率(T1/T2)上,以1.2至3.3範圍為佳。
此外,通過環狀帶23、24間的時候,施加到絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12的面壓,可舉例以0.5-6.0Mpa的範圍為佳;其中又以1.5-5.0Mpa為更佳。
透過上述熱壓接合製程而製造的可撓性積層板10為尺寸變化率小的可撓性積層板。例如,日本工業規格JIS C 6471-1995所規定的尺寸安全性中測試中,於加熱溫度250度C時,其尺寸變化率為正負0.05%的範圍內。此外,可撓性積層板10為厚度不均度較小的可撓性積層板。例如,絕緣層的寬度方向上的絕緣層厚度的標準差為1.2微米以下。
以本實施型態而得到的可撓性積層板10,可用於可撓性印刷基板,亦可用於TAB(Tape Automated Bonding,膠帶自動貼合方式)、COF(Chip on Film,薄膜覆晶方式)等安裝方式所用的膠帶。此外,裝備有可撓性積層板10的製品為例如照相機、電腦、液晶顯示器、印表機、行動電話等電子機器。
其次描述本實施型態的效果。
可撓性積層板的製造方法具有:於一對環狀帶23、24之間,連續地供給以液晶聚合物而成絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12的製程;以及在環狀帶23、24之間,熱壓接合絕緣膜11以及金屬箔12而形成可撓性積層板10的製程。
熱壓接合製程包含:以可撓性積層板10的最高溫度(第一溫度T1)為構成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物的熔點還低45度C之上,且為該熔點還低5度C的溫度以下之範圍之方式來加熱;以由環狀帶23、24搬送出時的可撓性積層板10的溫度的出口溫度(第二溫度T2)為構成絕緣膜11的液晶聚合物的熔點還低235度C之上,且比該熔點低100度C之下的範圍之方式來緩冷可撓性積層板10。
根據上述構成可降低可撓性積層板10的尺寸變化率,特別是可降低以250度C的加熱處理前後的尺寸變化率。當將可撓性積層板10作為可撓性印刷基板來使用的情況下,則在導體電路形成時、以及安裝各種元件而進行熱迴焊種植鉛錫球時,可撓性積層板10暴露於約250度C的高溫下。此時抑制可撓性積層板10的尺寸變化在高密度安裝的觀點上變得重要。因此,將250度C的加熱處理前後時的尺寸變化率降低後的可撓性積層板10,作為高密度安裝用的可撓性印刷基板的材料是有用的。
此外,上述實施型態可變更為如下並具體化。
上述實施型態係將金屬箔12熱壓接合於絕緣膜11的兩面,但也可僅將金屬箔12熱壓著於絕緣膜11的單面,形成於絕緣層的單面具有金屬層的可撓性積層板10。
此情形下,例如圖2所示,亦可於出料部30設置以呈長尺狀的離型膜13捲繞成滾輪狀的離型膜滾輪33。其次,亦可對於出料部30的絕緣膜滾輪31所給出的絕緣膜11的單面,疊上由金屬箔滾輪32所給出的金屬箔12,並且對於絕緣膜11的反面側的單面,疊上由離型膜33所給出的離型膜13,並且將其連續地供給至雙帶壓力裝置20。由雙帶壓力裝置20搬送出的可撓性積層板10,以疊上離型膜13的狀態,於捲繞部40上捲繞為滾輪狀而回收。絕緣膜11與金屬箔12的熱壓接合時的加熱條件以及加壓條件,亦可與上述實施型態相同。
離型膜13係用於為抑制熱壓接合時軟化的絕緣膜11轉印至雙帶壓力裝置20的膜。離型膜13可使用用於可撓性積層板製造的週知離型膜。特別是,使用耐熱性高且離型性佳的柔軟材料,例如由非熱壓接合性的耐熱性芳香族聚酰亞胺、氟素樹脂,以及矽氧樹脂所選出至少一種而成的離型膜為佳。
此外,離型膜13在使用可撓性積層板10時會適當地剝離。此外,亦可另行於捲繞部40設置回收離型膜13的回收滾輪,在由雙帶壓力裝置20搬送出的時間點,一邊使離型膜13由可撓性積層板10剝離,一邊分別地回收可撓性積層板10以及離型膜13。
其次舉出實施例以及比較例,更具體地說明上述實施型態。
實施例101-113以及比較例101-112 使用雙帶壓力裝置,製造於絕緣層兩面或是單面上具有金屬層的可撓性積層板,並評測所得到的可撓性積層板的品質。實施例101-113以及比較例101-112的熱壓接合製程的加熱條件如表1及表2所示。也就是說,於實施例101-113中,第一溫度T1為「mp-45℃≦T1≦mp-5℃」(290℃<T1<330℃)的範圍,且第二溫度T2為「mp-235℃≦T2≦mp-100℃」(100℃<T2<235℃)的範圍。於比較例101-112中,第一溫度T1以及第二溫度T2的其中一者排除於上述範圍之外。
此外,加熱條件之外的製造時的條件如下列所示。 金屬箔:壓延銅箔(JX日礦日石公司製 BHYX-92-HA) 絕緣膜;LCP膜(庫拉雷公司製 Vecstar CTZ,熔點335度C) 離型膜:聚醯亞胺膜(宇部興產公司製 UPILEX S,厚度2.5微米)。此外,離型膜於熱壓接合製程後由可撓性積層板上剝離。 壓力:4.0MPa 此外,使用的金屬箔以及絕緣膜厚度如表1及表2所示。
評測尺寸變化率 以日本工業規格JIS C 6471所規定的尺寸安定性檢測為基準,測量以150度C以及250度C溫度加熱時的可撓性積層板的尺寸變化率。其結果如表1及表2所示。此外,表1及表2中,MD為機器方向machine direction的略稱,也就是表示可撓性積層板的連續製造時的長度方向,TD為transverse direction橫向方向的略稱。也就是表示對可撓性積層板的連續製造時的長度方向的垂直方向。
評測厚度不均度 由實施例101-113以及比較例101-112的各可撓性積層板取下50公厘x520公厘的樣本,對此樣本以蝕刻處理來將其金屬層除去。然後,剩餘的絕緣層,使用打點式厚度計,以寬度方向間隔10mm於52點處測量厚度,算出其標準差。其結果以表1以及表2表示。
撕裂強度的評測 以日本工業規格JIS C 6471所規定的銅箔撕裂強度測試為基準,測定實施例101-113以及比較例101-112的可撓性積層板的金屬層的撕裂強度(剝離強度)。其結果顯示如圖1及所示。[表1][表2]
首先,如表2中可否連續運轉欄位所示,將第二溫度T2設為比「mp-235℃」(100℃)還低的溫度的比較例101、103、105、107、109中,於製造好一定長度的可撓性積層板的階段時,雙帶壓力裝置的帶子發生旋轉失誤,無法連續地使雙帶壓力運轉。因此,有關此些可撓性積層板,判斷為量產性明顯地低,而並未進行尺寸變化率的評測、厚度不均度的評價、以及剝離強度的評測。另一方面,將第2溫度T2設定為「mp-235度(100度)℃」以上的溫度的其他實施例以及比較例則並未發生此問題。
由實施例102、104、106、108、110以及比較例102、104、106、108、110之比較,可得到將第二溫度設為比「mp-100℃」(235度C)還高的溫度的情況下,於150度C以及250度C的檢測中尺寸變化率增加到了兩倍以上。
由比較例101與比較例111、112相比較,將第一溫度T1設為比「mp-5℃」(330度C)高的溫度下的情況下,於150 ℃以及250℃型試驗結果得到尺寸變化率都增加兩倍比上。
此外,如果1所示,關於實施例101至103,在呈現厚度不均度為1.2微米以下的微小數值,且撕裂強度呈現0.6N/m的高數值。
由此結果來看,確認到當第一溫度T1以及第二溫度T2設在上述範圍內時,不但可確保厚度不均度、剝離強度等品質,還能降低250℃的加熱前後的尺寸變化率。此外,可確認到在可撓性積層板的量產性的觀點亦無問題。此效果於變更絕緣膜厚度的情形(實施例111、112),以及僅於單面上具有金屬層的可撓性積層板的情形(實施例113)時亦同。此外,雖省略詳細資料,當使用厚度12微米的電解銅箔 (三井金屬礦業公司製 3EC-VLP)作為金屬箔時、使用其他LCP膜(Primatec公司製 BIAC-BC,熔點315度C,厚度50微米)作為絕緣膜時,也得到同樣的結果。
[第二實施型態]以下說明關於將本發明積層板的製造方法具體化的一實施型態。
本實施型態的積層板的製造方法具有:使絕緣膜乾燥的乾燥製程;以及將金屬箔熱壓接合於乾燥製程後的絕緣膜的熱壓接合製程。經過乾燥製程以及熱壓接合製程而製造積層板。
首先,記載關於製造積層板所用的絕緣膜以及金屬箔。
絕緣膜於積層板上構成絕緣層。使用6-羥基-2-萘甲酸與4-羥基苯甲酸的聚合物(以下稱為II型液晶聚合物)所構成的絕緣膜作為絕緣膜。II型液晶聚合物的熔點以280至360度C範圍為佳,其中又以300至345度C的範圍為更佳。
絕緣膜的厚度並不特地限制,舉例說明,以5至200微米之範圍為佳,12至150微米之範圍為較佳,其中又以25至100微米的範圍更為理想。
金屬箔於積層板上構成金屬層。舉例說明,金屬箔可使用銅箔、鋁箔、不鏽鋼箔、以及銅及鋁的合金所構成的箔等金屬箔,特別是由壓延銅箔、電解銅箔,以及鋁箔當中所選之至少其中一者為佳。金屬的厚度並不特別限制,舉例說明以3至40微米的範圍為佳,3至35微米範圍為較佳,其中又以8至35微米範圍為更理想。
其次記載關於本實施型態的製造方法中的乾燥製程。
乾燥製程為使絕緣膜乾燥,除去絕緣膜中含有的水分的製程。乾燥製程當中,使用乾燥裝置,於特定的溫度環境下以特定的時間藉曝曬絕緣膜而加熱絕緣膜。
乾燥製程中的溫度(乾燥溫度)為120至250度C範圍,並以150至220度C範圍為佳。若此乾燥溫度未滿120度C,則可能無法充分地除去包含在絕緣膜中的水分。此外,若乾燥溫度超過250度C,則構成絕緣膜的液晶聚合物可能軟化。
乾燥製程的時間(乾燥時間)為20秒以上。若此乾燥時間未滿20秒,則可能包含在絕緣膜中的水分無法充分地除去。此外,雖然不特別地限定乾燥時間的上限,若考慮生產效率則以600秒以下為佳。
此外,用於乾燥製程的乾燥裝置,若為可滿足上述條件者,則不特別限定。乾燥裝置舉例可為紅外線加熱器、熱風爐、電熱爐、介電加熱輥等。
此外,可用連續供給的連續式,也可以用每隔一定單位的批次式,來對由供膜滾輪(film roller)等而連續供給的絕緣膜執行乾燥製程。
接著,記載關於本實施型態的製造方法中的熱壓接合製程。
熱壓接合製程為將金屬箔熱壓接合於乾燥製程後的乾燥後絕緣膜,形成積層板的製程。熱壓接合製程當中,在將金屬箔重疊於絕緣膜的單面或是兩面上的狀態,使用加熱加壓裝置加熱絕緣膜以及金屬箔,並且以一定的壓力加壓。
熱壓接合製程所供給的絕緣膜可為乾燥製程剛結束的高溫狀態的絕緣膜,亦可為乾燥製程後降溫至一定溫度(例如室溫)的絕緣膜。然而,當使用已降溫的絕緣膜時,為了不使其吸收水分,以除溼環境來進行乾燥製程後的絕緣膜的冷卻以及保管為佳。
熱壓接合製程當中,絕緣膜以及金屬箔加熱至250至330度C;較佳地為加熱至300至320度。當此加熱溫度未滿250度C時,絕緣膜與金屬箔可能無法充分地接合。此外,當加熱溫度超過330度C時,構成絕緣膜的液晶聚合物的結晶構造可能發生崩壞,而導致絕緣膜的黏著性降低。
熱壓接合製程當中,施加於絕緣膜以及金屬膜的壓力為0.5至10MPa範圍,並以2至6MPa範圍為較佳。此壓力未滿0.5MPa的話,絕緣膜與金屬箔可能無法充分地接合。另外,超過10MPa的壓力對於絕緣膜與金屬箔的接合來說為過剩,導致生產性降低。
熱壓接合製程中加熱加壓時間為10至600秒的範圍,以30至500秒範圍為較佳。當此加熱加壓時間未滿10秒時,則絕緣膜與金屬箔可能無法充分地接合。此外,超過600秒的加熱加壓時間,對絕緣膜與金屬膜的接合來說為過剩,導致生產性的降低。
此外,用於熱壓接合製程的加熱加壓裝置,若為滿足上述條件者,則可不特別限定。加熱加壓裝置可為例如:具有平坦面狀的加熱/加壓部的熱壓機、真空批次壓力機、多段壓力機、加熱輥壓機,以及於帶子間加熱並加壓的雙帶壓力裝置等。
此外,熱壓接合製程可為由膜捲連續供給絕緣膜以及金屬箔來進行的連續式,亦可為每隔一定單位進行的批次式。
依本實施型態的製造方法而製造的積層板,可用作多層電路基板的製造用的材料。也就是說,因電路形成於積層板的金屬層部分,而用作圖案膜。此圖案膜的絕緣層部分,設置有填充有層間接合材料的貫孔。然後,層積多個由積層板形成的圖案膜,藉著將其加熱而接合為一體且多層化,而製造多層電路基板。
作為多層電路製造方法,可使用已週知的製造方法(例如專利文獻2所示出的製造方法)。然而,加熱壓力中的加熱溫度,以250至330度範圍為佳。此外,加熱壓力中的壓力以1至10MPa範圍為佳。
依本實施型態的製造方法而製造的積層板,為絕緣膜所構成的絕緣層部分的動態熱變形量較小的積層板。例如,使用動態黏度彈性檢測裝置,以動態應力控制模式/自動靜負載模式來控制動態應力/靜負載,以動負載15g、頻率1Hz、升溫速度5度C/分條件測定出於250至300度C時,最大變形率為0.85%以下。
本實施型態的製造方法,使用因乾燥工程後的乾燥後絕緣膜而進行熱壓接合,使得所製造積層板、構成絕緣層的II型液晶中所含有的水分量減少。其結果可得到動態熱變形較小的積層板。
也就是說,由於II型液晶膜在分子構造中具有酯結合,使其在水的存在下加熱引起加水分解。然後,因加水分解而產生的低分子量II型液晶聚合物具有容易流動的性質,使得低分子量II型液晶聚合物的產生會導致絕緣層部分的動態熱變形量的增加。於此,依本實施型態的製造方法而製造出的積層板,由於構成絕緣層的II型液晶聚合物所含水分量較少,因此得以抑制加熱時的II型液晶聚合物的加水分解、以及伴隨加水分解的低分子量化。其結果為可得到絕緣層部分的動態熱變形量較小的積層板。
此外,以本實施型態的製造方法所製作的積層板,由於絕緣部分的動態熱變形量較小,因此於製造多層電路基板時的熱壓時,難以發生因構成絕緣層的II型液晶聚合物的軟化而伴隨來的較大流動。藉此能夠抑制II型液晶聚合物流入貫孔。而其結果為於多層電路基板的層間導通不良的發生可得以抑制。
接著,說明本實施型態的效果。
將II型液晶聚合物所構成的絕緣膜與金屬箔進行積層,多層電路基板的製造所使用的積層板經由以下製程製造:乾燥製程,以120度C至250度C溫度、20秒以上將絕緣膜加熱使其乾燥;熱壓接合製程,以250至330度C溫度一邊加熱乾燥後絕緣膜以及金屬箔,一邊以0.5至10MPa壓力、10-600秒來加壓使其熱壓接合。
使用動態黏彈性測定裝置,以動態應力控制模式/自動靜負載模式來控制動態應力/靜負載,而同時以動負載15g、頻率15Hz、升溫速度5度C/分的條件來測定於250至300度C的最大變形率為0.85%以下。即以上述構成,可製造動態熱變形量較小的積層板。
接著舉出實施例以及比較例,以具體地說明上述實施型態。
實施例201-205以及比較例201-206
將乾燥製程的條件以及熱壓接合製程的條件進行各種差異化製造積層板。即,於製造各積層板時,首先,將由膜滾輪給出的絕緣膜連續地供給至乾燥裝置,以一定時間使其通過已加熱到一定的溫度的乾燥裝置內,以使絕緣膜乾燥(乾燥製程)。然後,於通過乾燥裝置成為乾燥狀態的絕緣膜的兩面上,疊上由一對金屬箔滾輪所給出的金屬箔,再將其連續地供給至雙帶壓力裝置,藉由雙帶壓力裝置進行熱壓接合得到積層板(熱壓接合製程)。
實施例201-205以及比較例201-206的乾燥製程的條件(乾燥溫度以及乾燥時間)以及熱壓接合製程的條件(加熱溫度、壓力,以及加熱加壓時間)如表3與表4所示。此外,其他的製造條件如下所示。 絕緣膜:II型液晶聚合物膜(庫拉雷公司製 Vecstar CTZ,熔點335度C) 金屬箔:銅箔(古河電氣工業公司製 F2-WS)或是不鏽鋼箔(東洋精箔公司製 SUS304H-TA)
實施例206 將切裁成一定大小的絕緣膜放入乾燥裝置內,以一定時間接觸一定溫度的熱風而使絕緣膜乾燥(乾燥製程)。其後,以將金屬箔疊上乾燥狀態的絕緣膜的兩面上的狀態,以熱壓機來進行熱壓接合得到積層板(熱壓接合製程)。
動態熱變形量的評測 以實施例201至206以及比較例201-206得到的積層板兩面的金屬層,將其以使用三氯化鐵溶液的蝕刻處理來除去。將剩下的絕緣膜(絕緣層)切裁出長10公厘x寬5公厘的樣本,安置到動態黏彈性測定裝置(UBM公司製 Rheogel-E4000)。動態黏彈性測定裝置設定如下:動態應力控制方法為動態應力控制模式;靜負載控制方法為自動靜負載模式;動負載15g、頻率1Hz。然後,以5度C/分的速度一邊進行升溫一邊計測各樣本的動態變形量。將250至300度C中各樣本的長度方向之動態變形量的最大值表示於表3以及表4的「動態變形量」,以同個樣本的原來長度(10mm)除以此動態變形量的最大值所得到的值以百分比標示於表3以及表4的「最大變形率」欄位。
接合性的評測 以日本工業規格JIS C 6471所規定的銅箔剝離強度測試為基準,評測實施例201-206以及比較例201-206所得到積層板的金屬層的剝離強度(撕裂強度),根據該測定值評測積層板的接合性。其結果表示於表3及表4。接合性的評測,以將撕裂強度0.3N/m以上者為「良好」;撕裂強度未滿0.3N/m者為「不良」的基準來實施。
多層電路基板的製造
如上所述實施例201-206以及比較例201-203積層板與同樣的積層板個別都準備多個,在各積層板的兩個金屬層當中的其中一者上形成電路的同時,藉由蝕刻處理來除去另一者的金屬層,以製作圖案膜。然後,於該積層板製成的多個圖案膜中的一部分上形成貫孔,充填層間接合材料於其貫孔內。同積層板所製成的多個圖案膜當中,積層形成有貫孔的圖案膜8片,以及未形成於貫孔的圖案膜一片,並且一邊加熱真空熱壓機以280加熱一邊以4MPa來加壓而得到多層電路基板。
導通性的評測 對所得到的多層電路基板進行液態熱衝擊檢測(-40度C至125度C,300週期),分別地以阻抗測定器來測定同試驗前後的多層電路基板的電路阻抗值。然後,計算出對照液態熱衝擊試驗前的電路抵抗值的-液態熱衝擊後的電路阻抗值的變化率,然後根據該變化率,評測多層電路基板的導通性。以阻抗值變化率未滿20%者為「良好」;20%以上者為「不良」的基準來實施。此外,上述接合性的評測為不良的比較例204至206在此省略導通性評測敘述。[表3][表4]
如圖3及圖4所示,動態熱變形量為85微米以下(最大變形率為0.85%以下)來實施的201-206,導通性的評價性為「良好」,相對地,動態熱變形量超過85微米(最大變形率超過0.85%)的比較例201至203,導通性為「不良」。而其結果為:可確認到藉由將動態熱變形量(最大變形率)縮小,使得多層電路基板的導通不良得以抑制。
由比較例201的結果可確認到:當乾燥製程中乾燥溫度比120-250度C範圍還低時,動態熱變形量以及最大變形率會變大。由比較例202的結果來看,可確認到當乾燥製程中乾燥時間少於20秒時,動態熱變形量以及最大變形率變大。由比較例3的結果來看,可確認到熱壓接合製程中加熱溫度比250至330度C的範圍還高的情形下,動態變形量以及最大變形量會變大。由此些結果可得知在調整動態熱變形量以及最大變形率上,乾燥製程中的乾燥時間與乾燥溫度,以及熱壓接合製程中的加熱溫度為重要。
此外,由比較例204-206的結果,可確認得知熱壓接合製程中加熱溫度比250至330度C範圍還低的時候、熱壓接合製程壓力為比0.5至10MPa的範圍還小的時候、熱壓接合製程中加熱加壓時間比10-600秒範圍還短的時候,分別均無法得到充分的接合性。由此些結果,可得知為了要達到確保充分接合性的積層板,熱壓接合製程中的加熱溫度、熱壓接合製程中的壓力以及加熱加壓時間為重要。
實施型態以及變形例可適當地組合或是置換。此外,亦可將舉例的特徵適當地組合。
本發明並不限定於舉例所示的特徵。例如,所揭露的特定實施型態的所有的特徵,不應解釋為本發明所必須。本發明的主題存在於比所揭露的特定實施型態的所有特徵還要少的特徵。
10‧‧‧可撓性積層板
11‧‧‧絕緣膜
12‧‧‧金屬箔
20‧‧‧雙帶壓力裝置
21‧‧‧上側鼓輪
22‧‧‧下側鼓輪
23‧‧‧環狀帶
24‧‧‧環狀帶
25‧‧‧熱壓裝置
25A~25D‧‧‧(熱壓裝置)部位
30‧‧‧出料部
31‧‧‧絕緣膜滾輪
32‧‧‧金屬箔滾輪
33‧‧‧離型膜滾輪
40‧‧‧捲繞部
圖1為顯示本發明一實施型態中熱壓接合製程的概略構成之模式圖。
圖2為顯示本案變形例之熱壓接合製程的概略構成之模式圖。
10‧‧‧可撓性積層板
11‧‧‧絕緣膜
12‧‧‧金屬箔
20‧‧‧雙帶壓力裝置
21‧‧‧上側鼓輪
22‧‧‧下側鼓輪
23‧‧‧環狀帶
24‧‧‧環狀帶
25‧‧‧熱壓裝置
25A~25D‧‧‧(熱壓裝置)部位
30‧‧‧出料部
31‧‧‧絕緣膜滾輪
32‧‧‧金屬箔滾輪
40‧‧‧捲繞部
Claims (6)
- 一種可撓性積層板,其特徵為具備: 液晶聚合物所構成之絕緣層;以及 所述絕緣層的單面或是雙面上所形成的金屬層, 其中,所述液晶聚合物為熔點超過250度C之液晶聚合物, 所述可撓性積層板於日本工業規格JIS C 6471所規定的尺寸安全性檢驗測試中,當加熱溫度為250度C時尺寸變化率為正負0.05%的範圍內, 於所述絕緣層的寬度方向上的、所述絕緣層的厚度的標準差為1.2µm以下。
- 一種可撓性積層板的製造方法,其特徵為,包含: 連續地供給液晶聚合物所構成的絕緣膜與金屬箔於一對環狀帶之間的製程; 於所述環狀帶之間,熱壓接合所述絕緣膜與所述金屬箔,以形成可撓性積層板的製程, 其中,所述熱壓接合製程包含: 加熱所述可撓性積層板,使得所述可撓性積層板的最高溫度,於比構成所述絕緣膜的所述液晶聚合物的熔點還低45度C的溫度之上,且比該熔點低5度C的溫度以下的範圍中, 緩冷卻所述可撓性積層板,使得由所述環狀帶搬送出時的所述可撓性積層板的溫度、即出口溫度,於比構成所述絕緣膜的所述液晶聚合物的熔點還低235度C的溫度之上,且比該熔點還低100度C的溫度以下範圍中。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之可撓性積層板的製造方法,其特徵在於,所述絕緣膜為以6-羥基-2-萘甲酸以及對羥基苯甲酸為構成單位,熔點超過250度C的液晶聚合物而構成。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項或是第3項所述之可撓性積層板的製造方法,其特徵為,所述金屬箔由銅箔、鋁箔、不鏽鋼箔、銅鋁合金的箔片當中所選的至少一種。
- 一種積層板的製造方法,用於多層電路基板的製造,所述積層板板由6-羥基-2-萘甲酸與4-羥基苯甲酸的聚合物所構成的絕緣膜與金屬箔積層而成,所述製造方法的特徵為,具有: 將所述絕緣膜以120至250度C的溫度加熱20秒以上乾燥之製程; 藉由將乾燥後的所述絕緣膜與所述金屬箔以250至330度C的溫度加熱,同時以0.5至10MPa的壓力加壓10至600秒間進行熱壓接合而形成積層板之製程; 其中,使用動態黏彈性測定裝置以動態應力控制模式以及自動靜載重模式對動態應力以及靜載重進行控制,同時以動負載15g、頻率1Hz、升溫速度5度C/分的條件測定的、從所述熱壓接合的製程後的所述積層板上去除所述金屬箔所得的所述絕緣膜在250至300度C的最大變形率為0.85%以下。
- 一種多層電路基板,其係將圖案膜進行多層積層而多層化而成的,而所述圖案膜係將由申請專利範圍第5項所記載的積層板的製造方法所得的積層板進行電路加工而成,其特徵為,各圖案膜的所述絕緣膜部分中,設置有填充了層間接合材料的貫孔。
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TWI756536B (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2022-03-01 | 佳勝科技股份有限公司 | 改質液晶高分子的製作方法、液晶高分子組合物及改變液晶高分子之熔點的方法 |
US11530308B2 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2022-12-20 | Azotek Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing modified liquid crystal polymer, liquid crystal polymer composition and method for changing melting point of liquid crystal polymer |
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WO2016114262A1 (ja) | 2016-07-21 |
TWI699145B (zh) | 2020-07-11 |
CN107107555A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
DE112016000328T5 (de) | 2017-10-19 |
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US11985762B2 (en) | 2024-05-14 |
US20170318670A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
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