TW201336476A - 包含在容器內的通信系統 - Google Patents

包含在容器內的通信系統 Download PDF

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TW201336476A
TW201336476A TW101143772A TW101143772A TW201336476A TW 201336476 A TW201336476 A TW 201336476A TW 101143772 A TW101143772 A TW 101143772A TW 101143772 A TW101143772 A TW 101143772A TW 201336476 A TW201336476 A TW 201336476A
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sensor
information
container
marker
ingestible
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Hooman Hafezi
David O'reilly
Patricia Johnson
Zahedeh Hatamkhany
Timothy Robertson
Mark Zdeblick
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Proteus Digital Health Inc
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    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14539Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J3/00Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
    • A61J3/007Marking tablets or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D41/02Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
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    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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    • H01Q1/273Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0209Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
    • A61B2562/0214Capacitive electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/03Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs
    • A61B5/036Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs by means introduced into body tracts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1468Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • A61B5/1473Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/3888Arrangements for carrying or protecting transceivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B2001/3894Waterproofing of transmission device

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Abstract

本發明的系統包括一容器及一電子構件,其具有相異的(dissimilar)材料形式的部分電源。該容器包括液體。在與該液體接觸時,一電壓電位(voltage potential)被產生且該電源被完成,其將該系統啟動(activate)。該電子構件控制該等相異的材料之間的電導率(conductance)以產生一獨一無二的電流特徵(current signature)。

Description

包含在容器內的通信系統 [相關申請案]
本申請案與2011年11月23日提申之美國專利申請案第13/304.274號有關其為2012年3月15日公開且專利名稱為“Communication System Incorporated in an Ingestible Product,”之美國專利公開案第US 2012-0062379 A1號的部分接續案,而此案則為2010年4月1日公開之美國專利公開案第US 2010-0081894 A1號(現為美國專利第7,978,064號,其專利名稱為“Communication System with Partial Power Source”)的部分接續案,而此案又為2008年11月20日公開之美國專利公開案第2008-0284599 A1號的部分接續案:此申請案為2006年4月28日提申之PCT申請案第PCT/US06/16370號案的371申請案且在2006年11月2日公開為WO 2006/116718;該案根據美國法典35 U.S.C.§ 119(e)主張2005年4月28日提申之美國暫時申請案第60/676,145號;2005年6月24日提申之美國暫時申請案第60/694,078號;2005年9月1日提申之美國暫時申請案第60/713,680號;及2006年4月7日提申之美國暫時申請案第60/790,335號的優先權日;這些申請案的揭露內容藉此參照被併於本文中。
本案亦與下列的美國專利申請案有關,這些申請案的揭露內容藉此參照被併於本文中:2012年1月12日公開之名稱為COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH REMOTE ACTIVATION的美國專利公開案第2012-0007734 A1號;2012年5月10公開之名稱為COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH ENHANCED PARTIAL POWER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME的美國專利公開案第2012-0116188 A1號;2012年1月5日公開之名稱為COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE TYPES OF POWER的美國專利公開案第2012-0004520 A1號;2012年2月2日公開之名稱為COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING POLYPHARMACY CO-PACKAGED MEDICATION DOSING UNIT的美國專利公開案第2012-0024889 A1號,及2012年1月5日公開之名稱為COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING AN IMPLANTABLE DEVICE的美國專利公開案第2012-0004527 A1號;這些申請案的揭露內容藉此參照被併於本文中。
本發明係有關於用來偵測一事件的通信系統。更明確地,本發明包括一種系統,其包含一用來和可攝食的原料或產品相關連的裝置。
許多的裝置及產品被用來追蹤食物的消耗。這些裝置或產品的例子典型地需要人類的輸入或介入,用以將和被攝取的食物種類、消耗的時間、及被消耗的數量有關的資 訊相互關聯起來。此外,即使是某些資訊的收集是自動化的,人類的輸入仍是必需的,用以將該資訊和實際的消耗者(consumer)匹配在一起,使得在該資訊和消耗該食物的個人之間存在直接的關連。
在有許多不同的變數及資訊種類需要追蹤的前提下,已知的系統並不能提供一精確的手段來追蹤食物消耗,因為它們依賴人類來輸入資料。因此,業界所需要的是一種用來將食物消耗的追蹤自動化的系統及方法,其包括消耗的時間、消耗的數量、及消耗者的身份以及其它資訊,譬如像是一容器是何時被打開。
本發明包括一種用於自動化監視及追蹤食物產品的消耗的系統。該系統包括一具有一感測器的容器,該感測器可與一接收器通信。該容器亦包括用來測量食物被消耗的數量及與意圖要消耗的時間以及該消耗的時間有關的資訊的感測器。該資訊亦可藉由使用一可在進入到消耗者的體內時產生獨一無二的特徵之可攝食的裝置而被用來決定該消耗者的身份。
本發明揭示一種設備,其為一系統的一部分。該設備包括一容器及一感測器,其將於下文中討論。依據本發明的一個態樣,該感測器是用空氣啟動的。依據本發明的另 一態樣,該感測器是在接觸一導電液體或流體(譬如,一飲料或一生理流體)時被啟動(activated)。該容器亦可測量在該容器內的食物量並包括多個用來標示一事件的發生的態樣。
如下文中被更詳細地描述,本發明的系統和一導電流流體一起使用,用以標示出一被該導電流體與該系統的接觸所標記的事件。例如,本發明的系統可和藥物產品一起使用且該事件是在該產品被吞食或被攝食的時候被標示。“被攝食”或“攝食”或“攝食期間(ingesting)”等詞應被理解為是將該系統導入到人體內的意思。例如,該攝食期間一詞的意思包括了單純地將該系統放入到嘴中並一路下到結腸。因此,攝食期間一詞係指當該系統被導入到一包含導電流體的環境中的任何一個時間點。另一個例子將會是當一非導電流體和一導電流體相混合時的情況。在此一情況中,該系統將會被呈現在該非導電流體中且當這兩個流體被混合時,該系統與該導電流體接觸且該系統被啟動。又另一個例子將會是某些導電流體的存在需要被偵測的情況。在此等情況中,該系統存在於該導電流體內(其將被啟動)是可被偵測的,因此個別流體的存在將被偵測。
再次參考該系統於該產品被活的生物攝食時被使用的例子,當包括該系統的該產品被吞食或被攝食時,該裝置和人體的該導電流體接觸。當本發明的系統和該體液接觸時,電壓電位被產生且該系統被啟動。該電源的一部分是 由該裝置所提供,而該電源的另一部分是由該導電流體所提供,這將於下文中詳細討論。
現參考圖1,一包括本發明的系統的可攝食的膠囊14被顯示是在人體內。該膠囊14被建構成藥丸或膠囊形式之橢圓形可攝食的醫藥配方。當攝食時,該膠囊14掉入到胃中。在到達胃的時候,該膠囊14接觸到胃液18並和胃液18內多種物質(如,鹽酸及其它消化劑)進行化學反應。本發明的系統係以藥物環境為例來討論。然而,本發明的範圍並不侷限於此。本發明可被使用於任何有導電流體的環境中或經由混合兩種或更多種會形成導電流體的成分而讓導電流體存在的環境中。
現參考圖2A,一類似圖1的膠囊14的藥物產品10被顯示為具有一系統12,譬如一可攝食的事件標示器或一離子釋出模組。本發明的範圍並不受限於該產品10的形狀或種類。例如,熟習此技藝者將會很清楚的是,該產品10可以是膠囊、時釋性(time-release)口服藥劑、錠劑、凝膠錠(gel cap)、舌下錠、或可與該系統12結合的任何口服藥劑產品。
此外,本發明的系統12可在沒有藥物產品下藉由一只包括該系統而沒有其它啟動劑的載體膠囊而被攝食。依據本發明的另一態樣,系統12可被用作為一食物產品或一食物產品內的原料的一部分。例如,該系統12被塗上一防護性材料,如在下文中詳細討論者。該系統12然後就像是任何原料般地被包括在該食物產品內。因此,該食 物產品的攝食可自動地被追蹤,這在需要知道何種食物被食用及攝食的時間的安排(setting)中,例如當一個人有特殊的飲食或作為病患或患者在醫院接受照顧的時候,經常是很有用的。
依據本發明的另一個例子,該系統12可和製造食物時經常被使用的原料結合。例如,該系統12可用一種類似於該系統12被固定至一藥物產品的方式被固定至鹽類上,這將於下文中討論。然後,該系統12如一原料般被混入到該食物中,該食物因而可包括該系統,該系統在攝食期間會被啟動。
依據本發明的多種態樣,當系統12和食物結合且被攝食時,有多種方式來啟動該系統12。依據本發明的一個態樣,該系統12可被塗覆一材料,該材料在該食物被咀嚼時(如,嚼食或壓碎時)會破裂並釋出該系統12。依據本發明的另一態樣,該塗覆材料可和唾液起反應且在與唾液接觸時可溶解或分解並釋出該系統12。和唾液相關連的導電流體可啟動該系統12。依據本發明的又另一態樣,該塗覆材料可和胃酸起反應並在與胃液接觸時可溶解或分解並釋出該系統12。依據本發明的另一態樣,該塗覆材料可用當被咀嚼或曝露於唾液中時不會破裂或溶解的材料(譬如,可在飲料中找到的小珠珠)來製造。依據本發明的另一態樣,該塗覆材料可在被散布或混入一食物中時(譬如,當麵包為了一食物被混合及製備時(如,匹薩麵糰)),可被刻意地破壞或弄破。
同樣參考圖2A,在被示出的態樣中,產品10係使用已知的將微型裝置固定至藥物產品或可攝食的原料(譬如,食物或食物的原料)的外部的方法讓該系統12被固定在外部上。將微型裝置固定至該產品的方法的例子被描述在2009年6月1日提申,名稱為“HIGH-THROUGHPUT PRODUCTION OF INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS”的美國專利暫時申請案第61/142,849號,以及在2009年5月12日提申,名稱為“INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS COMPRISING AN IDENTIFIER AND AN INGESTIBLE COMPONENT”的美國專利暫時申請案第61/177,611號中,這每一申請案的全部揭示內容藉此參照被併於本文中。被攝食時,該系統12和體液接觸且該系統12被啟動。該系統12使用該電壓電位差來充能,然後調變(modulate)電導率(conductance)以產生一獨一無二且可識別的電流特徵。當啟動時,該系統12控制該電導率及電流流動以產生該電流特徵。
延遲該系統12的啟動有許多原因。為了要延遲該系統12的啟動,該系統12可被塗覆一遮蔽材料或防護層。該防護層在一段時間後會溶解,藉以允許該系統12在該產品10到達目標位置時被啟動。
現參考圖2B,一類似於圖1的膠囊14的藥物產品或可攝食的產品/原料20被顯示成具有一系統22,譬如一可攝食的事件標示器或一可識別的釋出模組。本發明的範圍並不受限於該該系統22被導入的環境。例如,該系統22 可被包覆在一膠囊內,其係在該藥物產品或可攝食的原料之外被單獨地食用。該膠囊可以單純是該系統22的載具且不包含任何產品。此外,本發明的範圍並不受限於該產品20的形狀或種類。例如,熟習此技藝者將會很清楚的是,該產品20可以是食物產品或原料、膠囊、時釋性(time-release)口服藥劑、錠劑、凝膠錠(gel capsule)、舌下錠、或任何口服藥劑產品。在該被示出的態樣中,該產品20讓該系統22被設置在內部中或被固定至該產品20的內部。在一態樣中,該系統22被固定至該產品20的內壁。當該系統22被設置在一凝膠錠的內部時,該凝膠錠的內容物是一非導電的凝膠液。在另一方面,如果該凝膠錠的內容物是導電性的凝膠液的話,則在另一態樣中,該系統22被塗覆一防護蓋,以防止該凝膠錠內容物引起所不想要的啟動。如果該膠囊的內容物是乾粉或微型球體的話,則該系統22被放置或設置在該膠囊內。如果該產品20是錠劑或硬質藥丸的話,則該系統22被保持在該錠劑內部的定位。當被攝食時,包含該系統22的該產品20即被溶解。該系統22和體液接觸且該系統22被啟動。該系統22可根據該產品20而被設置在近中心或近周邊的位置,依所想要之介於開始攝食的時間與該系統22的啟動時間之間的啟動延遲時間而定。例如,一給系統22用的中心位置表示該系統22要花一較長的時間才會接觸該導電流體,因此該系統22要花較長的時間才會被啟動。因此,該事件要花較長的時間才會被偵測到。
現參考圖3,在一態樣中,圖2A及2B中的系統12及22被更詳細地顯示為系統30。該系統30可如上文所述地和任何藥物產品結合使用,用以決定患者何時食用該藥物產品。如上文中提到的,本發明的範圍並不受限於該系統30被使用的環境及一起使用的產品。例如,該系統30可被設置在一膠囊內且該膠囊被放置在該導電液體內。該膠囊然後可在一段時間後溶解並將該系統30釋出至該導電液體中。因此,在一態樣中,該膠囊可包含該系統30且沒有產品。此一膠囊然後可和任何產品一起被使用在有導電液體存在的任何環境中。例如,該膠囊可被丟入到一裝了噴射發動機燃油、鹽水、蕃茄醬、機油或任何類似產品的容器內。此外,包含該系統30的該膠囊可在任何藥物產品被攝食的同一時間被攝食,用以記錄該事件(譬如,該產品被食用)的發生。
在該系統30和該藥物產品結合的特殊例子中,當該產品或藥丸被攝食時,該系統30即被啟動。該系統30控制電導率以產生可被偵測的獨一無二的電流特徵,藉以表明該已被食用的藥物產品。該系統30包括一架構32。該架構32是一用於該系統30的底座且多個構件被附裝於其上、設置於其上、或固定至該架構32。在系統30的此態樣中,一可攝食的材料34被物理性地和該架構32結合。該材料34可被化學地沉積、氣化、固定、或堆壘於該架構上,所有這些在本文中都可被稱為對該架構32“沉積”。該材料34被沉積於該架構32的一側上。可被用作 為該材料34的材料包括但不侷限於:Cu或CuI。該材料34係藉由物理氣相沉積、電沉積(electrodeposition)、或電漿沉積、及類此者來沉積。該材料34可以有約0.05至約500微米的厚度,譬如,約5至約100微米的厚度。形狀是用陰影遮罩沉積、或光微影及蝕刻來控制。此外,即使只有一個區域被示出用於材料沉積,但每一系統30都可包含兩個或更多個在電性上獨一無二的區域,在這些區域內該材料34可如所需地被沉積。
在一不同側處(即,圖3所示的相反側),另一可攝食的材料36被沉積於其上,使得材料34及36是相異的(dissimilar)。雖然未示出,該不同側可被選擇為和被選為用於材料34的該側相鄰的一側。發明的範圍並不限於該被選擇的一側且該“不同側”一詞可以表示不同於該第一個被選擇的側的許多側中的任何一側。再者,即使該系統的形狀被顯示成方形,但其形狀可以是任何適合的幾何形狀。材料34及36被選擇,使得當該系統30和該導電液體(譬如,體液)接觸時它們產生一電壓電位差。用於材料36的材料包括但不侷限於:Mg、Zn或其它負電性的金屬。如上文中描述材料34時提到的,該材料36可被化學地沉積、氣化、固定、或堆壘於該架構上。而且,一黏著層是必需的,用以幫助該材料36(以及在有必要時,材料34)被黏著至該架構32。用於材料36之典型的黏著層為Ti、TiW、Cr或類似的材料。陽極材料及該黏著層可藉由物理氣相沉積、電沉積、或電漿沉積來沉積。材料36 可以有約0.05至約500微米的厚度,譬如,約5至約100微米的厚度。然而,本發明的範圍並不受限於該等材料中的任一者的厚度,也不受限於用來將該等材料沉積或固定至該架構32的方法的種類。
依據被提出揭示內容,材料34及36可以是任何具有不同電化學電位的材料配對(material pairs)。因此,在該系統30被使用於生物體內(in-vivo)的態樣中,材料34及36可以是能夠被吸收的維他命。詳言之,材料34及36可以用適合該系統30將於其中被操作的環境的任兩種材料來製造。例如,當和一可攝食的產品一起使用時,材料34及36是可攝食之具有不同的電化學電位的任何材料配對。一例示性的例子包括當該系統30接觸一離子溶液(譬如,胃酸)的例子。適合的材料並不侷限於金屬,且在某些態樣中,該等材料配對是從金屬及非金屬中選取的,例如一對由一金屬(譬如,Mg)及一鹽類(譬如,CuCl或CuI)所組成的材料配對。關於該等活性電極材料,具有適合的不同電化學電位(電壓)及低界面阻力的物質(如,金屬、鹽類、或嵌入化合物)的任何配對都是合適的。
感興趣的材料及材料配對包括但不侷限於下面表1中所列者。在一態樣中,該等金屬中的一者或兩者可被摻雜非金屬,用以在該等材料和導電液體接觸時提高被產生在它們之間的電壓電位。可被用作為些態樣中的摻雜劑的非金屬包括但不侷限於:硫、碘、及類此者。在另一態樣 中,該等材料為作為陽極的碘化銅(CuI)及作為陰極的鎂(Mg)。本發明的諸態樣使用對人體無害的電極材料。
因此,當該系統30和該導電液體接觸時,一電流路徑(它的一個例子被示於圖5中)透過該導電流體被形成在材料34及36之間。一控制裝置38被固定至該架構32且被電耦合至材料34及36。該控制裝置38包括電迴路,例如能夠控制並改變材料34及36之間的電導率的控制邏輯電路(control logic)。
該被產生在材料34及36之間的電壓電位提供用於操作該系統的電力以及產生通過該導電流體及該系統的電流。在一態樣中,該系統係以直流電模式操作。在另一態樣中,該系統控制該電流的方向,使得該電流的方向以循環的方式被逆轉,其類似於交流電。當該系統接觸到該導電流體或電解液時(其中,該流體或電解液成分是由一生理的流體,如胃酸,所提供),介於材料34及36之間的 該用於電流流動的路徑是完全在該系統30的外部;通過該系統30的該電流路徑是被該控制裝置38所控制的。該電流路徑的完成允許電流流動且一接收器(圖10-15)可偵測該電流的存在並辨識出該系統30已被啟動及該目標事件正在發生或已發生。
在一態樣中,這兩個材料34及36在功能上和兩個用於直流電源(如,電池組)的電極是相類似的。該導電液體係如完成該電源所需之電解液般地作用。該如所述地被完成的電源係由該系統30的材料34及36和周圍之體液之間的物理化學反應來界定。該被完成的電源可被視為在一離子溶液或導電溶液中(譬如,胃液、血液、或其它體液或某些組織中)開展逆電解的電源。此外,該環境可以是身體以外的環境且該液體可以是任何導電液體。例如,該導電液體可以是鹽水或以金屬為基礎的塗料。
在某些態樣中,這兩個材料被額外的材料層將它們和周圍的環境遮蔽隔開來。因此,當該遮蔽層被溶解且該二相異的材料被曝露於目標位置時,一電壓電位被產生。
在某些態樣中,該完整的電源或電源供應器是由活性電極材料、電解質、及鈍態的材料(譬如,電流收集器)、包裝等等所構成的。該等活性材料是具有不同的電化學電位的任何材料配對。適合的材料並不侷限於金屬,且在某些態樣中,該等配成對的材料係從金屬及非金屬中選取的,如一對用一金屬(如,鎂)和鹽類(如,碘化銅)構成的材料配對。關於該等活性電極材料,具有適合 的不同電化學電位(電壓)及低界面阻力的物質(如,金屬、鹽類、或嵌入化合物)的任何配對都是合適的。
各式不同的材料可被用作為形成該等電極的材料。在某些態樣中,該等電極材料被選擇,用以在和目標生理位置(如,胃)接觸時提供一足以驅動該辨識器系統的電壓。在某些態樣中,在該電源的金屬和目標生理位置接觸時由該等電極材料所提供的該電壓為0.001V或更高,其包括0.01V或更高,譬如0.1V或更高,如0.3V或更高,其包括0.5伏或更高,並包括1.0伏或更高,在某些態樣中,該等電壓範圍係從約0.001至約10伏,譬如從約0.01至約10V。
再參考圖3,材料34及36提供電壓電位來啟動該控制器裝置38。當該控制裝置38被啟動或被啟動時,該控制裝置38可用獨一無二的方式來改變材料34及36之間的電導率。藉由改變材料34及36之間的電導率,該控制裝置38能夠控制通過該系統30周圍的該導電液體的電流量。這產生可被一接收器偵測及測量之獨一無二的電流特徵,該接收器可被設置在人體的內部或外部。除了控制該等材料之間的電流量之外,非導電材料、薄膜、或“裙件(skirt)”可被用來增長該電流路徑的“長度”,因而用來增加該電導路徑,就如同在2009年3月26日公開之名稱為“In-Body Device with Virtual Dipole Signal Amplification”的美國專利公開案第2009-0082645號中所討論者,該案的整個內容藉此參照被併於本文中。或者, 在本文的整個揭示內容中,“非導電性材料”、“薄膜”及“裙件”等詞可和“電流路徑延長器(extender)”互換而不會影響此等態樣及本文的申請專利範圍的範圍。該裙件(其分別為所示的35及37部分)可和該架構32結合,如固定至該架構32。各種裙件形狀及組態都是在本發明的範圍內。例如,該系統30可完全或可部分被該裙件包圍且該裙件可沿著該系統30的中心軸設置或偏離中心軸被離心(off-center)地設置。因此,本文中所揭露的本發明的範圍並不受限於該裙件的形狀或大小。再者,在其它態樣中,材料34及36可被一設置在材料34及36之間的任一被界定的區域內的裙件隔開。
現參考圖4,在另一態樣中,圖2A及2B中所示的系統12及22被更詳細地顯示為系統40。系統40包括一架構42。該介透42類似於圖3的架構32。在此態樣的系統40中,一可攝食的或可溶解的材料44被設置在該架構42的一側的一個部分上。另一可攝食的材料46被設置在該架構42的同一側的一不同的部分,使得材料44及46不相同。詳言之,材料44及46被選擇,使得當該系統40和該導電液體(譬如,體液)接觸時它們產生一電壓電位差。因此,當該系統40接觸及/或部分接觸該導電液體時,一電流路徑(它的一個例子被示於圖5中)藉由材料44及46之間的該導電液體被形成。一控制裝置48被固定至該架構42並電耦合至材料44及46。該控制裝置48包括電迴路,其能夠控制材料44及46之間的一部分電導路 徑。材料44及46被一非導電的裙部49隔開。裙件49的各種例子被揭露在2009年4月28日提申之名稱為“HIGHLY RELIABLE INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS AND METHODS OF USING SAME”的美國專利暫時申請案第61/173,511號及2009年4月28日提申之名稱為“INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS HAVING SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS THAT COMPRISE AN ACTIVE AGENT”的美國專利暫時申請案第61/173,564號;以及2009年3月26日公開之名稱為"IN-BODY DEVICE WITH VIRTUAL DIPOLE SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION"的美國專利公開案第2009-0082645號;這些申請案的每一者的全部揭示內容皆藉由此參照而被併於本文中。
當該控制裝置48被啟動或被啟動時,該控制裝置48可改變材料44及46之間的電導率。因此,該控制裝置48能夠控制通過該系統40周圍的該導電液體的電流量。如上文中參考系統30時所提到的,一和該系統40相關連的一獨一無二的電流特徵可被一接收器偵測到以標示該系統40的啟動。為了要增加該電流路徑的“長度”,該裙件49的尺寸被改變。該電流路徑愈長,該接收器愈容易偵測該電流。
現參考圖5,圖3的系統30是在一被啟動的狀態且和一導電流體接觸。系統30經由一接地接點52被接地。例如,當系統30和一導電流體接觸時,該導電流體提供該地極。該系統30亦包括一感測器模組74,其將參考圖6 作更詳細的描述。介於材料34及材料36之間的離子或電流路徑50經由和該系統30接觸的導電流體被形成。產生在材料34及36之間的該電壓電位係透過材料34/36和該導電流體之間的化學反應而被產生。
該系統30亦包括一單元。該單元包括通信功能及依據本發明的各式態樣其可作為以下所列的任何一者:一接收器、一傳送器、或一收發器。因此,一在該系統30的外部的另一裝置(譬如,一手機、一被植入的裝置、一附裝至使用者的身體的裝置、或一被置於使用者的皮膚下的裝置)可經由該單元和該系統30通信。該單元亦被電連接至材料34及36。依據本發明的一個態樣,任何在該裝置30的外部的裝置可使用流經圍繞該系統30的環境的電流來和該單元或該控制模組38通信。例如,一附裝至使用者身體的貼片(patch)或接收器、一被使用者握持的手機或裝置、或一被植入的裝置可經由使用者的身體接收該系統30產生的電流特徵。該電流特徵可包括被編碼於其內的資訊。該電流特徵可藉由使用該單元或該控制模組38而被該系統30偵測到,並被解碼以允許從該系統30的外部和該系統30通信。因此,該外部裝置可無線地或經由傳輸導體(transconduction)送出一訊號至控制該系統的啟動的該單元。
圖5A顯示該材料34的表面的放大圖。該材料34的表面並不是平面的,而是一不規則表面。該不規則表面增加該材料的表面積,以及與該導電流體接觸的面積。在一 態樣中,在該材料34的該表面上,該材料34和周圍的導電流體之間有一電化學反應,使得質量(mass)被釋入到該導電流體中。當使用於本文中時,“質量(mass)”一詞係指形成一物質的質子和中子。它的一個例子包括該材料是CuCl且和該導電流體接觸的情形,該CuCl變成Cu(固態)及溶液中的Cl-。進入該導電流體中的正離子流被描述為電流路徑50。負離子流動於相反方向上。相類似地,在該材料36和周圍的導電流體之間有一電化學反應。在此例子中,在材料34處釋出的負離子及材料36釋出的正離子一起被稱為離子交換。離子交換率及離子排放率或排放流是由該控制裝置38來控制。該控制裝置38可藉由改變材料34及36間的電導率(其改變阻抗)來提高或降低離子流率。透過控制該離子交換率,該系統30可在該離子交換處理中將該資訊編碼。因此,該系統30使用離子排放來在離子交換中編碼該資訊。
該控制裝置38可以在保持該離子交換率或電流量接近固定值的同時改變一固定的離子交換率或電流量的持續時間,類似於該頻率被調變且該振幅是固定值。而且,該控制裝置38可在保持該持續時間接近固定值的同時改變該離子交換率或該電流量的等級。因此,藉由使用持續時間的改變和離子交換率或電流量改變的各種組合,該控制裝置38可將資訊編碼至電流或離子交換中。例如,該控制裝置38可使用下列技術中的任何一種,但不侷限於此,即二位元相移鍵控(PSK)、頻率調變、振幅調變、 開-關鍵控(on-off keying)、及具開-關鍵控的PSK。
如上文中指出的,本文中揭露的各種態樣,譬如圖3及4的系統30及40,包括作為控制裝置38或控制裝置48的電子構件。可以存在的構件包括但不侷限於:邏輯及/或記憶體元件、積體電路、電感器、電阻器、及用於測量各種參數的感測器。每一構件可被固定至該架構及/或另一構件。在該支撐件的表面上的該等構件可用任何方便的組態來規畫。在兩個或更多個構件出現在該堅固的支撐件的該表面上的情況中,互連件可被提供。
如上文中指出的,該系統(譬如,系統30及40)控制相異的材料之間的電導率及離子交換率或電流。透過用特定的方式改變電導率,該系統能夠將資訊編碼於離子交換及該電流特徵(current signature)中。該離子交換或電流特徵被用來獨一無二地辨識該特定的系統。此外,系統30及40能夠產生各種不同的獨一無二的交換或特徵,因而提供額外的資訊。例如,一根據一第二電導率改變模式的第二電流特徵可被用來提供額外的資訊,該資訊可以是關於物理環境。為了進一步例示,一第一電流特徵可以是一非常低的電流狀態,其保持一振盪器於該晶片上及一第二電流特徵,其可以是一比該第一電流特徵的電流狀態至少大10倍的電流狀態。
現參考圖6,一代表控制裝置38的方塊圖被示出。該控制裝置30包括一控制模組62、一記數器或時鐘64、及一記憶體66。此外,該控制裝置38被顯示為包括一感測 器模組72以及感測器模組74,其被示於圖5中。該控制模組62具有一電耦合至該材料34的輸入68及一電耦合至該材料36的輸出70。該控制模組62、該時鐘64、該記憶體66、及感測器模組72/74亦具有電力輸入(有些未示出)。當該系統30和該導電流體接觸時,用於這些構件的每一者的電力是由材料34及36和該導電流體之間的化學反應所產生的電壓電位來供應。該控制模組62經由邏輯電路(logic)來控制該電導率,該邏輯電路改變該系統30的整體阻抗。該控制模組62被電耦合至該時鐘64。該時鐘64提供一時脈週期至該控制模組62。根據該控制模組62之被程式化的特徵,當已經經過一被設定的時脈週期數時,該控制模組62即改變介於材料34及36之間的電導率特徵。此循環被重復且該控制裝置38藉此產生獨一無二的電流特徵。該控制模組62亦被電耦合至該記憶體66。該時鐘64及該記憶體66這兩者都是用產生在材料34及36之間的該電壓電位差來供給電力。
該控制模組62亦被電耦合至感測器模組72及74且與之通信。在被示出的態樣中,感測器模組72是該控制裝置38的一部分及感測器74則是一分開的構件。在其它態樣中,感測器72及74中的一者可在沒有另一者下被使用,且本發明的範圍並不受到感測器模組72或74的結構性或功能性位置的限制。此外,系統30的任何構件可被功能性地或結構性地被移動、結合、或重新設置而不會對本案所請之發明的範圍造成限制。因此,單一結構是可能 的,例如,一處理器,其被設計來實施所有下列模組的功能:該控制模組62、該時鐘64、該記憶體66、及該感測器模組72或74。在另一方面,具有位在被電連接且可通信的獨立的結構內的每一個這些構件亦是在本發明的範圍內。
再參考圖6,感測器模組72或74可包括下列感測器中的任何一者:溫度感測器、壓力感測器、pH值感測器、及導電性感測器。在一態樣中,感測器模組72或74從環境收集資訊並將類比資訊傳送至該控制模組62。該控制模組62然後將該類比資訊轉換成數位資訊並將該數位資訊編碼於該電流或產生該離子流的該質量傳遞率中。在另一態樣中,感測器模組72或74從環境收集資訊並將類比資訊轉換成數位資訊並將該數位資訊傳送至該控制模組62。在圖5所示的態樣中,感測器模組74被顯示成被電耦合至材料34及36以及該控制裝置38。在圖6所示的另一態樣中,該感測器模組74透過一連接線被電耦合至控制裝置38。該連接線係作為供應電力至該感測器模組74的電源及該感測器模組74和該控制裝置38之間的通信管道兩種功用。
現參考圖5B,該系統30包括一連接至一材料39之pH感測器模組76,該材料39係根據將被實施之特定的感測功能類型而被選用。該pH感測器模組76亦被連接至該控制裝置38。一不導電的阻障物55將該材料39和材料34電隔離。在一態樣中,該材料39是鋁。在操作時,該 pH感測器模組76利用材料34/36之間的電壓電位差。該pH感測器模組76測量在材料34和材料39之間的電壓電位差並將該數值記錄下來以供後續比較之用。該pH感測器模組76亦測量介於該材料39及材料36之間的電壓電位差並記錄該數值以供稍後比較之用。該pH感測器模組76使用電壓電位值來計算周圍環境的pH值。該pH感測器模組76將該資訊提供給該控制裝置38。該控制裝置38改變該產生離子傳遞的質量傳遞率及該電流流動,用以將和該pH值相關連的資訊編碼於可被一接收器偵測到的該離子傳遞中。因此,系統30可決定和該pH值有關的資訊並將該資訊提供至該環境外的一個來源。
如上文中指出的,該控制裝置38可事先被程式化以輸出一預先界定的電流特徵。在另一態樣中,該系統可包括一接收器系統,其可在該系統被啟動時接收程式化資訊。在未示出的另一態樣中,該開關64及記憶體66可被結合成一個裝置。
除了上述的構件之外,該系統30亦可包括一或多個電子構件。感興趣的電子構件包括但不侷限於:額外的邏輯及/或記憶體元件,如積體電路形式的構件;電力調節裝置,如電池組、燃料電池或電容器;感測器、激勵器,等等;訊號傳輸元件,如天線;電極、線圈等等形式的構件;被動元件,如電感器、電阻器等等。
在某些態樣中,該可攝食的電路包括一塗覆物。此塗覆物的目的可改變,如用來在處理期間、在儲存期間、或 甚至在攝食期間保護該電路、該晶片及/或該電池組、或任何構件。在此等例子中,一在該電路上方的塗覆物可被包括。同樣感興趣的是被設計來在儲存期間保護該可攝食的電路但在使用之後可立即溶解的塗覆物。例如,接觸一液體流體(如,胃液)或該上文中提到的導電流體時會溶解的塗覆物。同樣感興趣的是被用來允許使用會傷害該裝置的某些構件的處理步驟之處理塗覆物。例如,在一有相異的材料被設置在上部及下部的晶片的態樣中,該產品必需被分切(diced)。然而,該分切處理會將該二相異的材料刮落,且亦會有液體被使用到,而該液體將會造成該二相異的材料排出或溶解。在該等例子中,在該等材料上的該防護塗覆物可被用來在處理期間防止該等材料和該構件有機械或液體接觸。該等可溶解的塗覆物的另一個目的是延遲該裝置的啟動。例如,位在該相異的材料上且在接觸到胃液時要花上一段時間(如,5分鐘)才溶解的塗覆物可被使用。該塗覆物亦可以是環境敏感性塗覆物,如一溫度或pH值敏感性塗覆物,或其它化學敏感性塗覆物,其可以一種受控制的方式溶解並允許在吾人所想要的時候啟動該裝置。能夠在胃中生存下來而在腸道中溶解的塗覆物亦是感興趣的,如吾人想要延遲啟動直到該裝置離開胃為止。此一塗覆物的一個例子為不會在低pH值下溶解但會在較高的pH值下溶解的聚合物。同樣感興趣的是藥物配方保護塗覆物,如一可防止電路被該膠囊的液體啟動的膠囊液體防護塗覆物。
現參考圖7,一包括事件標示器102(如,系統30,40)的容器100被示出。該容器100容納可被消耗者食用的食物或液體110。發明的範圍並不受限於該容器100內的可食用的液體的種類。依據本發明的一個態樣,該標示器102被置於該容器100的開口處或接近該開口處,使得該液體110被傾注且和該事件標示器102接觸,該液體110的存在將該標示器102啟動。只要該液體110接觸該標示器102(譬如當該液體110被傾注時),該標示器102即被啟動。當被啟動時,該標示器102即和一偵測器或接收裝置120通信。因此,該裝置120可記錄該標示器102的啟動時間。
依據本發明的另一態樣,該標示器102可藉由和該消耗者的嘴接觸而被啟動且在和該消耗者的生理流體(譬如,唾液)接觸時被啟動。一但被啟動,該標示器102即和該裝置120通信,該裝置可被設置在或固定在該消耗者的身體或皮膚或該消耗者所穿衣服與消耗者的皮膚接觸的部分上。因此,該裝置120可透過該消耗者的身體藉由使用跨導(transconduction)或經由空氣而無線地和該標示器102通信。
依據本發明的另一態樣,額外的標示器(譬如,一包括一塗覆材料130a及一單元130b的可攝食的標示器130)被包括在該液體110中。依據本發明的一個態樣,該標示器130與標示器102類似。根據本發明的不同態樣,該標示器130可以是不同於該標示器102。依據本發 明的一個態樣,該標示器130的該塗覆材料130a被設計來和生理流體(譬如,胃液)起反應並溶解。當該塗覆材料130a被溶解於該消耗者的身體內時,該標示器130被啟動並如上文中指出地使用跨導來和該裝置120通信。本發明的範圍並不受限於該被放入該液體110中的標示器130的數量。
依據本發明的另一態樣,該標示器102包括一鋅-空氣啟動式電池組。因此,當一蓋子104被固定於該容器上時,該蓋子104將該標示器102和空氣隔開。因此,該標示器102是在該蓋子104被取下且該標示器102曝露於空氣中時被啟動。當被啟動時,資訊就被送至該裝置120,用以標示出該容器100被打開且液體110已準備好被銷耗或被配送。因此,當該消耗者攝食或飲用該液體110時,該標示器130即被啟動且額外的資訊被送至該裝置120。來自該標示器102的資訊和來自該標示器130的資訊之間的關連性決定該消耗者是否確實有消耗該液體110以及打開該容器100和消耗該液體110之間的時間差延。
依據本發明的另一態樣,該液體110是不導電的,因此該塗覆材料130a被去除且只有該標示器130的該單元130b被包括。
現參考圖8,一類似於容器100的容器200被示出,其包括一事件標示器202及一可攝食的標示器230,其包括一塗覆材料230a及一單元230b。該塗覆材料230a及單元230b的操作類似圖7的塗覆材料130a及單元130b。該 容器200容納可被消耗的液體210。本發明的範圍並不受限於該容器200內的該可消耗的液體的種類。該容器200亦包括感測器300(如,300a-c)及302(如,302a-c)。依據本發明的一個態樣,這些感測器300及302包括導電鏈(conductive link),其形成電容板配對。依據本發明的另一態樣,感測器300及302係用傳統的導電材料製成以形成一電容配對。感測器300形成一電容性耦合器的一側及感測器302是另一側。例如,感測器300a及302a是一對電容性配對。感測器300及302被固定或設置在該容器200的外部。依據本發明的一個態樣,感測器300及302形成一用來偵測該容器200的內容物的改變的感測器。當液體210被取出時,感測器300及302之間的電容特徵即會改變。此改變標示出液體的體積從該容器200被取出。例如,感測器300a和302a之間的電容因為將感測器300及302分隔開的材料種類而與感測器300b和302b之間的電容不同。在一個例子中該材料是空氣,在另一例子中該材料是液體210。感測器300及302可被設置得更靠近且本發明的範圍並不受限於將感測器300及302分開的相對距離。更多對感測器300及302被包括,則被分送出去的體積的測量就更精確。此資訊可被送至一裝置220。
依據本發明的不同態樣,藉由使用該標示器202的啟動時間及該標示器230的啟動時間,以及來自感測器300及302的資訊,該系統可決定被消耗的液體體積以及相對 於打開該容器200的時間及將該容器200的內容物配送出去的時間之該內容物(譬如,該液體210)的消耗時間。
依據本發明的另一態樣,當消耗者拿著該容器200並佩帶該裝置220時,一跨傳訊號被用來將資訊從該容器200傳送至該裝置220。
依據本發明的諸態樣,有各種和同一容器相關的資訊來源。例如,一容器何時被打開是一項資訊來源,且該標示器202可將此資訊傳送至感測器300,302;一容器何時被一消耗者抓握或拿起是一項資訊來源;該容器的內容物何時被配送出去是一項資訊來源;該內容物何時和消耗者的嘴接觸是一項資訊來源;該內容物何時被攝食是一項資訊來源;多少內容物被消耗是另一項資訊來源;及該消耗者的身份是另一項資訊來源。依據本發明的各種態樣,該資訊可無線地或使用跨傳透過該消耗者的身體被該裝置(譬如,裝置120或裝置220)接收。
依據本發明,如果一消耗者抓握住本發明的容器的話,則一訊號會被送至該裝置。該容器包括感測器(譬如,圖8的感測器300及302),其可使用鋅-空氣電池組來啟動或使用部分電源來啟動,該部分電源係在接觸皮膚上的水氣時被啟動。該部分電源可以是IEM(如,系統30,40)的一部分且該部分電源可在接觸導電液體時被啟動且能夠控制電導率以標記一事件。在該系統是和被活的生物攝食的產品一起使用的例子中,當包括該系統的該產品被食用或被攝食時,該裝置和身體的導電液體接觸。當 本發明的該系統和體液接觸時,一電壓電位被產生且該系統被啟動。該電源的一部分是由該裝置所提供,而該電源的另一部分是由該導電流體所提供。亦即,一但被攝食,該系統和體液接觸且該系統被啟動。該系統使用該電壓電位差來充電,之後調變該電導率以產生獨一無二且可辨識的電流特徵。在啟動時,該系統控制該電導率及電流流動以產生該電流特徵。此感測器可藉由具有一防護蓋(譬如,一撕下的標籤或類似的遮蓋物)而受到保護以免於傷害及啟動。下一個資訊來源係藉由讓該容器的蓋子被取下而被產生的。根據設置在靠近該容器的開口的感測器的電源,該資訊是在該蓋子被取走的當下或在該消耗者的嘴接觸到位在該容器的開口處的該感測器(如,標記器202)的時候被啟動。當該液體被配送出去時,在該容器上的感測器(如,感測器300或302)即偵測電容的改變並將該資訊送至該裝置;該資訊可藉由將該資訊編碼成該裝置可偵測的電流特徵透過無線通信方式或使用跨傳經由使用者的身體被送出。另一資訊來源是決定該消耗者是否有攝食該容器的內容物且這係如一來自和該食物一起被攝食之該等可攝食的感測器(譬如,感測器130或230)的電流特徵般地被偵測。此外,如將於圖9中被例示的,至少兩個來自感測器202的資訊、來自感測器300,302的資訊、或來自感測器230的資訊可被處理以自動地追蹤被該消耗者消耗的食物或液體。來自各式感測器的資訊可被一和該等感測器及/或接收器(譬如,裝置120,220)通信之內 部的及/或外部的處理裝置處理。該接收器及該處理裝置可分開地存在或可在一單一本體內。
現參考圖9,一用來收集和該容器(譬如,圖7的容器100或圖8的容器200)相關的資訊並將資訊相互關連起來以自動化追蹤被一食物消耗者消耗的食物的處理900的流程被示出。依據本發明的範圍,各式感測器及標示器所產生的資訊被獨一無二地和該容器相關連。因此,如果有兩個容器送資訊至同一裝置的話,則該裝置可根據該資訊的獨特性來區別資訊的來源。該處理900開始於步驟902。在步驟910,一偵測器或接收裝置(譬如裝置120或裝置220)決定是否有任何訊號來自一有作用的(active)標示器/感測器/電容器配對,譬如標示器102,202,130,230,300及302。如果由資訊從任何有作用的標示器/感測器/電容器配對被送出的話,則在步驟912該裝置將該資訊(其包括和該資訊有關的時間及日期在內)儲存起來。此外,該資訊可包括關於該產品的辨識資訊,其亦被儲存。如果沒有有作用的標示器/感測器/電容器配對的話,則該處理900在步驟910等待。依據本發明的一個態樣,如果在一預定的時間長度內沒有有效的標示器/感測器/電容器配對被偵測到的話,則該裝置可進入一休眠模式以節省電力。在步驟914,該處理900決定該被收集到的資訊是與同一容器相關連或是與一不同的容器相關連。如果該資訊與同一容器(譬如,容器100)相關連的話,則在步驟916該裝置將該時間及日期資訊和另一被記 錄的資訊相比較,並在步驟920輸出一些關於該容器100之相關連的資料或儲存該相關連的資料。該處理900然後回到步驟914以決定是否有新的資訊或關於同一容器的額外資訊以進一步將它們相關連在一起。如果該資訊是用於一不同的容器的話,則在步驟918該資訊被該裝置(其被指定給該不同的容器)儲存起來,直到來自用於該不同的容器的另一有作用的標示器/感測器/電容器配對的額外資訊被收集到為止。
感興趣的識別物(identifier)包括兩個相異的電化學材料,其作用類似於一電源的電極(如,陽極和陰極)。在此處以電極或陽極或陰極為參考只是用來作為示範性例子。本發明的範圍並不侷限於所使用的標籤且包括電壓電位被產生在兩個相異的材料之間的態樣。因此,當提到電極、陽極、或陰極時,其係指一被產生在兩個相異的材料之間的電壓電位。
當該等材料被曝露於該體液(譬如,胃酸或其它種類的流體(單獨或和一乾燥的導電性媒介先驅物))中或與之接觸時,一電位差(即,一電壓)即因為各自發生在兩電極材料處的氧化及還原反應而被產生在該等電極之間。一電壓電池或電池組可因而被產生。因此,在本發明的諸態樣中,此等電源供應建構,使得當兩種相異的材料在目標位置(如,胃、消化道等等)被曝露時,一電壓即被產生。
在某些態樣中,一或兩種金屬可用一非金屬加以摻雜 以提高該電池組的電壓輸出。可被用作為摻雜劑的非金屬在一些態樣中包括但不侷限於硫、碘及類此者。
依據本發明的各種態樣,本發明的系統可設置在特定食物產品(如,燕麥卷)的內部,被該系統編碼並傳送的資料之一為該食物的卡路里含量或其它相關的飲食資訊,如纖維糖含量、脂肪類型及含量等等。這將有助於人們在飲食上監控他們的每日攝取,鼓勵人們保持節食等等。而且,該系統和食物一起被攝食,使用內建(on-board)感測來測量食物釋入到胃中,如脂肪含量。而且,一裝設了儀器的杯子可偵測本發明的系統何時被放入該杯子內及使用者或個人是否有飲用(類似於吸入式產品)、及飲用了多少。例如,圖8的感測器300及302將根據各感測器300及302之間的電容改變來顯示出有多少該容器200的內容物被取走,如上文所述。本發明的此一態樣的好處是,它可將追蹤食物或調整補給品的消耗予以自動化。
依據本發明的其它態樣,化學標示物(marker)可將某些種類標示物包含在該食物中(如,鹽、低-或-高pH、蛋白質、及脂質)。當被攝食的時候,一種標示物被釋入到胃環境中。具有感測能力的本發明的系統可藉由在該系統上塗覆可和一有化學活性的塗覆物(如,一只允許所想要的標示物類型穿透之特定離子傳導玻璃膜(specific-ion-conducting glass membrane)的塗覆物)起反應的塗覆物,或藉由讓該系統和該食物一起被攝食並使用該系統來測量/偵測該種“標示物”的存在來偵測在表面上的化 學鍵合受器(chemical-binding receptors)。該可攝食的及可咀嚼的系統可包含一能夠測量內源性大麻素(endocannabinoids)的偵測器。(參見DiPatrizio等人的“Endocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake”論文,該論的全部內容藉此參照被併於本文中作為參考)。當該訊號(即,高脂肪食物攝食發生的訊號)被偵測到時,使用者或患者透過電話被指示要吃藥(亦是可用RIS啟發的)以中斷該內源性大麻素訊號,因而降低對於更多高脂肪食物的渴望。
依據本發明的另一態樣,當沒有該裙件時該系統是可被偵測到的。依據本發明的另一態樣,該等可攝食的感測器是可以咬的,例如,藉由將矽薄化。一據本發明的另一態樣,數個本發明的系統被放入到該食物中,使得如果一部分的系統在咀嚼期間受損的話,其它的系統仍能發揮作用。因此,該等系統可被散布在整個食物內,使得被偵測到的系統數量可提供多少食物量被消耗的標示。此外,在本發明的另一態樣中,該系統可被膠黏性材料包圍且被層疊在可於低pH值溶解但不會在中性的pH值(唾液)溶解的聚合物層之間。再者,依據本發明的另一態樣,藉由將該塗覆物顛倒,相反的效果即可被達成。首先用一對pH值敏感的聚合物塗覆/層疊本發明的系統,然後將它插入到膠黏性的食物中以幫助在嘴巴能存活。因此,本發明的系統位在一軟糖熊狀的保護層內,且尺寸可被縮小,譬如沒有裙件或有可撓曲的裙件。該保護層可由複數層構成 或可具有密度或可溶解度梯度,使得最靠近該系統的材料是只會緩慢溶解的材料且可因為其滑溜的表面、圓滑的形狀及尺寸很小而可被吞食。依據本發明的另一態樣,該系統可具有一電路變化,其除了探測局部的阻抗之外,還有一在該局部阻抗很高時延遲啟動的回饋。這可讓其餘的層有時間溶解。該系統在液體穿透時立即被啟動或開動,但無法送出足供偵測的訊號強度,該高電提及電池組層耗盡(depletion)被推遲,直到該阻抗充分地降低為止。因此,依據本發明的此態樣的系統被放入預定的餐食或點心類中以讀出什麼東西被消耗。
該IEM可以是一種包含部分電源的系統,其可在接觸導電液體時被啟動且能夠控制電導率以標記一事件。在該系統和被活的生物攝食的產品一起被使用的例子中,當包括該系統的產品被食用或攝食時,該裝置和人體的導電液體接觸。當本發明的系統和體液接觸時,一電壓電位被產生且該系統被啟動。該電源的一部分是由該裝置提供,而該電源的另一部分是由該導電液體提供。亦即,一但被攝食,該系統和體液接觸且該系統被啟動。該系統使用該電壓電位差來充能,之後,調變該電導綠以產生獨一無二且可辨識的電流特徵。當啟動時,該系控控制該電導率及電流的流動以產生該電流特徵。此外,該接收器/偵測器的各種啟用態樣係被例示於下面的圖10-15中。
圖10提供一功能性方塊圖,其顯示依據本發明的一個態樣,一接收器是如何體現一同調解調通信協定 (coherent demodulation protocol)。應指出的是,只有該接收器的一部分被示於圖10中。圖10例示當載波頻率(及載波訊號被混合降頻至載波偏移)被決定時,該訊號混合降頻至基頻的處理。一載波訊號2221在混波器2223處和一第二載波訊號2222混合。一窄頻低通率波器2220被施加適當的頻寬以降低出界雜訊(out-of-bound noise)。依據本發明的同調解調規畫,解調發生在功能性方塊2225。該複頻訊號(complex signal)之未被展開的相位(unwrapped phase)2230被決定。一非必要的第三混波器階段可被使用,在該階段中該相位進化被用來評估介於被計算出的載波頻率和實際載波頻率之間的頻率差。在方塊2240,該封包(packet)的結構然後被槓桿化(leveraged)以決定該BPSK訊號的編碼區的開頭。主要地,該同步標頭(sync header)(其看起來像是該複頻解調訊號的振幅訊號內的FM門廊)被用來決定該封包的初始邊界。一但該封包的啟始點被決定,在方塊2250該訊號於該IQ平面上被旋轉及標準位元辨識並最終在方塊2260被解碼。
除了解調之外,該穿體(transbody)通信模組可包括一前向誤差校正模組,該模組提供額外的增益以對抗來自其它不被需要的訊號及雜訊的干擾。感興趣的強向誤差校正功能性模組包括那些描述於PCT申請案第PCT/US2007/024225號,公告為WO/2008/063626號中的模組,該申請案的揭露內容藉此參照被併於本文中以為參 考。在一些例子中,該前向誤差校正模組可使用任何方便的通訊協定,譬如Reed-Solomon、Golay、Hamming、BCH、及Turbo通信協定以指認並校正(於邊界內)解碼錯誤。
本發明的接收器可進一步使用一信標(beacon)功能性模組。在各種態樣中,該信標切換模組可使用以下所列的一者或多者:信標叫醒(wakeup)模組、信標訊號模組、波/頻率模組、多功能模組、及調變式訊號模組。
該信標切換模組可和信標通信相關連,如一信標通信頻道、信標通信協定等等。為了本發明的目的,信標典型地為被送出作為一訊息的一部分的訊號或增強一訊息的訊號(有時候在本文中被稱為“信標訊號”)。該等信標可具有明確界定的特徵,譬如頻率。信標在嘈雜的環境中能夠很容易被偵測到且可被用作為一嗅探電路(sniff circuit)的觸發器(trigger),如下文中所描述者。
在一態樣中,該信標切換模組可包含該信標叫醒模組,其具有叫醒功能。叫醒功能通常包含只有在特定的時間(如,為了特定目的的短暫時期)才會在高功率模式下操作以接收訊號的功能。關於一系統的接收器部分的一項重要考量為,它是低功率。此特性在一被植入的接收器上是有利的,其可提供較小的尺寸及讓電池組保有一長效的電力供應。該信標切換模組藉由讓該接收器在高功率模式下只操作很短的時間而能提供以上這些好處。此種短的工作週期(duty cycle)可提供最佳的系統尺寸及能量汲取 特性。
詳言之,該接收器可週期性地“叫醒”,且在低耗能下透過例如一嗅探電路實施“嗅探功能”。為了本申請案的目的,“嗅探功能”一詞通常係指一短的低功率功能,用來決定一非信器是否存在。如果一發信器訊號被該嗅探功能偵測到的話,則該裝置可轉換至一較高功率的通信解碼模式。如果一發信器訊號不存在的話,則該接收器可回返(如,立即回返)至休眠模式。以此方式,當發信器訊號不存在時,能量相對長的時期中被保存,而高功率的能力仍被保留,用以在發信器訊號存的時候在相對少的間內用於有效率地解碼模式操作上。數種模式以及它們的組合可用來操作該嗅探電路。藉由將一特殊系統的需求和嗅探電路組態相匹配,即可獲得一最佳的系統。
一信標模組2300的另一圖式被提供在圖11所示的功能性方塊圖中。示於圖11中的規畫方案顯示出用於指認出一有效的信標的技術。該進來的訊號2360代表被電極接收到的訊號、被一高頻訊號鏈(其包含該載波頻率)濾波的帶通(bandpass)(譬如,從10KHz至34KHz)、並從類比轉換成數位。訊號2360然後在方塊2361被毀滅(decimate)且在混波器2362處於該標稱驅動頻率(譬如,12.5KHz,20KHz等等)被混合。所得到的訊號在方塊2364被毀滅且在方塊2365被低通率波(譬如,5KHz BW)以產生該載波訊號,其被混波降頻至載波偏移量訊號2369。訊號2369被方塊2367進一步處理(快速富利葉 轉換(Fourier transform),然後偵測兩個最強的波峰)以提供真實的載波頻率訊號2368。此通信協定可精確地決定該被傳送的信標的載波頻率。
圖12提供一依據本發明的一個態樣的訊號接收器的積體電路構件的功能性方塊圖。在圖12中,一接收器2700包括電極輸入2710。被電耦合至該電極輸入2710的是穿體傳導通信模組2720及生理感測模組2730。在一態樣中,該穿體傳導通信模組2720被體現成一高(HF)訊號鏈及該生理感測模組2730被體現成一低頻(LF)訊號鏈。同樣被示出的是CMOS溫度感測模組2740(用來偵測環境溫度)及一3軸式加速度計2750。接收器2700亦包括一處理引擎2760(例如,一微控制器及數位訊號處理器)、非揮發性記憶體2770(用於資料儲存)、及無線通信模組2780(例如在一資料上傳動作中用來將資料傳送至另一裝置)。
圖13提供一依據本發明的一個態樣之被建構來體現圖12所示的接收器的功能性方塊圖的電路的更詳細的方塊圖。在圖13中,一接收器2800包括電極e1、e2及e3(2811、2812及2813),其例如接收被一IEM導電地(conductively)傳送的訊號及/或感測感興趣的生理參數或生物標記。被電極2811,2812及2813接收到的訊號被電耦合至該等電極的多工器2820多工傳輸。
多工器2820被電耦合至高帶通濾波器2830及低帶通濾波器2840。該高及低頻訊號鏈提供可程式的增益以涵蓋 所想要的位準或範圍。在此特定的態樣中,該高帶通濾波器2830讓10KHz至34KHz頻帶內的頻率通過,而過濾掉此頻帶外頻率的雜訊。此高頻頻帶可改變且可包括例如3KHz至300KHz的範圍。然後,該等通過的頻率在被轉換器2834轉換成數位訊號之前被該放大器2832放大用以輸入至高功率處理器2880(其被顯示為DSP),其被電耦合至該高頻訊號鏈。
該低帶通濾波器2840被顯示讓在0.5Hz至15Hz範圍內的低頻通過,而過濾掉在此頻帶外的頻率。該頻帶可改變且可包括例如低於300Hz(譬如,低於200Hz)的頻率,其包括低於150Hz的頻率。該等通過的頻率的訊號被放大器2842放大。亦被顯示的是,加速度計2850被電耦合至第二多工器2860。多工器2860將來自該加速度計的訊號和來自放大器2842之被放大的訊號多工傳輸(multiplex)。該等被多工傳輸的訊號然後被轉換器2864轉換成數位訊號,該轉換器亦被電耦合至低功率處理器(微控制器)2870。
在一態樣中,一數位加速度計(譬如,由Analog Devices所製造者)可被用來取代加速度計2850。使用數位加速度計可達成多項好處。例如,因為該等訊號,該數位加速度計將產生已經是數位格式的訊號,該數位加速度計將繞過轉換器2864並電耦合至該低功率微控制器2870,在此情形中,多工器2860將不再被需要。而且,該數位訊號可被建構來在偵測到運動時將它自己啟動,進 一步轉換功率。此外,連續步驟計數可被實施。該數位加速度計可包括一FIFO暫存器,用以幫助控制被送至該低功率處理器2870的資料流。例如,資料可被暫存在該FIFO中直到滿了為止,在此時該處理器可被觸發,用以從一待機狀態變成清醒狀態並接收資料。
該低功率處理器2870可以是例如一由德州儀器公司製造的MSP430微控制器。該接收器2800的低功率處理器2870保持在該待機狀態,其如稍早提到的,需要最小電流消耗,如10微安培更少,或1微安培或更少。
該高功率處理器2880可以例如是一由德州儀器公司製造的VC5509數位訊號處理器。該高功率處理器2880在該作用狀態下實施該訊號處理動作。這些動作(如稍作所述者)需要比待機狀態期間更大的電流量,如30微安培或更大,譬如50微安培或更大,且可包括例如像是掃描被導電地傳送的訊號、當接收到時處理該等被導電地傳送的訊號、獲取及/或處理生理資料等等動作。
該接收器可包括一硬體加速器模組,用來處理資料訊號。該硬體加速器模組可實施以取代例如一DSP。作為一更為特殊化的運算單元,它用比該一般用途DSP少的電晶體(較低的成本及功率)來實施訊號處理演算法的態樣。該硬體的方塊可被用來“加速”該重要的特殊功能的效能。某些用於硬體加似器的架構透過微型碼或VLIW組合語言而成為“可程式”的架構。在使用期間,它們的功能可藉由呼叫功能庫(function libraries)來取得。
該硬體加速器(HWA)模組包含一HWA輸入方塊以接收一將被處理的輸入訊號及用來處理該輸入訊號的指令;及一HWA處理方塊,用以依據接收到的指令來處理該輸入訊號並產生一結果輸出訊號。該結果輸出訊號可如所需地被一HWA輸出方塊傳送。
如圖13所示,一快閃記憶體2890被電耦合至該高功率處理器2880。在一態樣中,該快閃記憶體2890可電耦合至該低功率處理器2870,其可為了更好的電池電力效率而被提供。
無線通信元件2895被電耦合至該高功率處理器2880且可包括例如一BLUETOOTHTM無線通信收發器。在一態樣中,該無線通信元件2895被電耦合至該高功率處理器2880。在另一態樣中,該無線通信元件2895被電耦合至該高功率處理器2880及該低功率處理器2870。再者,無線通信元件2895可被實施為具有自己的電源供應,使得它可獨立於該接收器的其它構件之外被一微處理器打開及關閉。
圖14提供一依據本發明的一個態樣之和高頻訊號鏈有關的接收器的硬體方塊圖。在圖14中,接收器2900包括接收器探針(例如以電極2911,2912及2913形式),其被電耦合至多工器2920。高通濾波器2930及低通濾波器2940亦被示出,用以提供一帶通濾波器,其可消除頻帶外的任何頻率。在被示出的該態樣中,一10KHz至34KHz的帶通被提供,用以讓落入該頻帶內的載波訊號通 過。載波頻率的例子可包括但不侷限於12.5KHz至20KHz。可以有一個或多個的載波存在。此外,接收器2900包括類比/數位轉換器2950,例如,在500KHz取樣。之後,該數位訊號可被該DSP產生。被顯示於此態樣中的是DAM至DSP單元2960,其將數位訊號送至用於DSP的專屬記憶體。直接的記憶體存取提供的好處為:可允許該DSP的其餘部分保持在低功率模式。
如稍早提到的,對於每一接收器狀態而言,該高功率功能性方塊可被循環於有作用(active)和沒有作用(inactive)狀態之間。而且,對於每一接收器狀態而言,一接收器的不同接收器元件(譬如,電路方塊、在該處理器內的電力區,等等)可被建構成可被該電源供應模組獨立地在on及off之間循環。因此,該接收器可具有用於每一狀態之不同的組態以達成電源效率。
本發明的系統的一個例被示於圖15中。在圖15中,系統3500包括一藥物成分3510,其包含一IEM。該系統3500亦包含一訊號接收器3520。訊號接收器3520被建構來偵測從該IEM 3510發出的辨識元。訊號接收器3520亦包括生理感測能力(譬如,ECG)及運動感測能力。訊號接收器3520被建構來將資料傳送至病患的一外部裝置或PDA 3530(譬如,智慧型手機或其它能夠無線通信的裝置),其接著將該資料傳送至一伺服器3540。例如,伺服器3540可被建構成允許一家庭看護員3550參予該病患的治療體系中,例如透過一個可允許該家庭看護員3550監 看由該伺服器3540所產生的警報及趨勢並對該病患提供協助(如箭頭3560所示)的界面(如,一網路界面)。該伺服器3540亦可被建構來直接對該病患提供回應,如以病患警報、病患刺激等等的形式(如,箭頭3565所示),這些回應可透過PDA 3530被中繼傳送給病患。伺服器3540亦可和一保健專業人員(如,RN、醫師)3555直接互動,其可使用資料處理演算法來獲得病患健康及順從性的測量數據,如健康指數摘要、警示、病患交叉基準(cross-patient benchmark)等等,並提供被通知的臨床溝通及支持給該病患,如箭頭3580所示。
應被理解的是,發明並不侷限於特定態樣或被描述的態樣,因為這些態樣是可改變的。亦應被理解的是,本文中所使用的術語只是為了描述特定的態樣的目的,並不是要用於限制的目的,因為本發明的範圍將只由下面的申請專利範圍來界定。
當數值範圍被提供時,應被理解的是,介於該範圍或任何其它被陳述的範圍的上限值與下限值之間的每一介於中間的數值或該被陳述的範圍內之介於中間的數值到該下限值的單位的十分之一的值(在文中有清楚地作出相反表示者除外)皆包含本發明的範圍內。這些較小的範圍的上限值及下限值可獨立地被包括在該等較小的範圍內且亦是被包括在發明內,其受到該被陳述的範圍內任何被特別地排除的極限值約束。當該被陳述的範圍包括該等極限值的一者或兩者時,排除那些被包括的極限值的一者或兩者的 範圍亦是被包含在本發明中。
除非有相反的界定,否則用於本文中的所有技術及科學用詞具有和熟習本發明所屬的技術者所一般理解的意思相同的意思。雖然任何和本文中所描述的方法及材料相類似或等效的方法及材料亦可被使用在本發明的實施或測試中,但現在被描述的是代表性的例示性方法及材料。
儘管有申請專利範圍,本發明仍可用下面的句子來界定:
1.一種用來提供資訊的系統,該系統包含一界定有一開口的容器,及一感測器,其被配置在靠近該容器的開口處。
2.如句子1所述的系統,其更包含一用於該開口的蓋子,藉此,當該蓋子被移走時,該感測器產生和該蓋子被移走有關的資訊。
3.如句子1或2所述的系統,其更包含一第二感測器,其被固定至該容器上以產生一和該容器的內容物改變有關的訊號,其中來自該第一及第二感測器的資訊被通信至一和一消耗者有關的接收器。
4.如上面任何一句子所述的系統,其中該容器是食物容器,及該系統追蹤該容器內的食物消耗。
5.如上面任何一句子所述的系統,其中該第一感測器包括一發射器以使用經由一消耗者的身體的跨導(transconduction)來無線地送出該資訊及其中該第二感測器包括一單元以使用一消耗者的身體的跨傳來送出該資 訊。
6.如上面句子1-3中任一句子所述的系統,其中該第一感測器及該第二感測器係相通信的,使得該第一感測器的啟動會造成一訊號被送至該第二感測器。
7.如上面任何一句子所述的系統,其更包含裝在該容器內的食物,該食物是固體或液體。
8.如句子7所述的系統,其中該食物內有一或多個可攝食的感測器,該等感測器在被攝食時會產生資訊,該資訊係使用跨導被送至該接收器。
9.如上面任何一句子所述的系統,其中該第一及/或第二感測器包含:一支撐結構,其包括一控制模組;及一部分電源,其包含:一第一材料,其和該支撐結構實體地相關連:及一第二材料,其在一不同於該第一材料的位置點的位置點和該支撐結構實體地相關連,使得該第一材料和該第二材料彼此電隔離且代表一電壓電位,其中該控制模組控制該第一材料和該第二材料之間的電導率。
10.如句子9所述的系統,其中該感測器包括一無線發射器以產生並送出一無線訊號且該無線發射器和該控制模組通信。
11.如上面句子4-10中任一句子所述的系統,其中該食物是不導電的。
12.如上面句子9-11中任一句子所述的系統,其中該第一材料和該第二材料中的至少一者是鋅,其在該蓋子被移走時和空氣反應以產生一電壓電位,及該標示器被啟動且被建構來產生一訊號。
13.如上面句子9-10及12中任一句子所述的系統,其中該食物是導電液體。
14.如句子13所述的系統,其中當和該導電液體接觸時,該第一材料和該第二材料代表一電壓電位且當該導電液體被配送時,該標示器因為和該導電液體接觸而被啟動。
15.如上面句子9-14中任一句子所述的系統,其中該感測器產生一電流特徵,其包括使用該控制模組編碼於其內資訊。
16.如上面句子8-15中任一句子所述的系統,其中一或多個該等可攝食的標示器包括一塗覆物以防止該可攝食的標示器和該食物起反應。
17.如上面句子8-16中任一句子所述的系統,其中該一或多個可攝食的標示器包含:一支撐結構;一第一相異的材料,其和該可攝食的標示器的該支撐結構實體地相關連:及一第二相異的材料,其在一位置點和該可攝食的標示器的該支撐結構實體地相關連,該位置點和該可攝食的標示器的該第一相異的材料的位置點不同,使得該可攝食的 標示器的該第一相異的材料和該可攝食的標示器的該第二相異的材料彼此電隔離且代表一電壓電位,其中該可攝食的標示器的該支撐結構包括一控制模組,其用來控制該可攝食的標示器的該第一相異的材料和該可攝食的標示器的該第二相異的材料之間的電導率。
18.如句子17所述的系統,其中該可攝食的標示器和一與一消耗者的身體相關的偵測器通信及其中該偵測器接收該可攝食的標示器所產生的資訊並將該資訊解碼。
19.如上面句子6-18中任何一句子所述的系統,其中該塗覆物在和一生理的流體接觸時溶解。
20.如上面任何一句子所述的系統,其更包含一接收器其和一消耗者外部分相關連。
21.如上面句子3-20中任何一句子所述的系統,其中該第二感測器是一電容感測器,其包括一對設置在該容器上的電容板以測量該容器的內容物的電容及其中該電容感測器產生一訊號,其標示出該容器在電容方面的至少一改變。
22.如上面句子21所述的系統,其中該電容感測器的該等電容板包含導電墨水。
23.如上面句子21或22所述的系統,其中該電容感測器是由該部分電源來供電。
24.如上面句子20-23中任何一句子所述的系統,其中該接收器包括一單元,其被建構來將來自該第一感測器、該第二感測器、及該等可攝食的感測器的資訊相互相關連 起來用以將該消耗者的食物消耗追蹤自動化。
25.一種使用上面任何一句子所述的系統來追蹤一消耗者的食物消耗的方法。
26.如上面句子25所述的方法,其包含的步驟為:
27.在打開一食物容器時啟動一第一感測器,其中該感測器產生和該食物的種類及該打開的時間有關的資訊,及其中來自該感測器的該資訊是可獨一無二地識別該容器。
28.如上面句子26所述的方法,其更包含在該食物配送時啟動該第二感測器,其中該第二感測器產生和從該容器被配送出的食物數量有關的資訊,其中來自該第二感測器的資訊可獨一無二地識別該容器。
29.如上面句子26或27所述的方法,其更包含在該食物被該消耗者攝食時啟動一可攝食的感測器,其中該可攝食的感測器產生資訊以標示該食物已被該消耗者消耗,其中來自該可攝食的感測器的資訊可獨一無二地識別該容器。
30.如上面句子26-28中任何一句子所述的方法,其更包含將來自該第一感測器及/或該第二感測器、及/或該可攝食的感測器的資訊送至一接收器。
31.如上面句子29所述的方法,其更包含將選自於包含來自於該感測器的資訊、來自該第二感測器的資訊、及來自該可攝食的感測器的資訊的資訊群組的至少兩份資訊彼此相關連起來,用以將該消耗者的食物消耗追蹤自動 化。
所有在此專利說明書中引述的公開案及專利案都被藉由參照而被包含在本文中,就如同每一個別的公開案或專利案都被明確地且個別地標示為藉由參照而被包含且藉由參考被包含於本文中以揭露及描述和被引用的公開案有關的方法及/或材料。任何公開案的引用是因為其揭示內容是在申請日前且不應被解讀為承認本發明因為早期揭示的關係而不享有在該公開案的日期之前的權利。此外,被提供的公開日期會不同於必需被獨立地確認的實際公開日期。
應指出的是,當使用於本文中及下面的申請專利範圍中時,“一(a,an)”及“該(the)”等單數形式用詞包括了複數的物,除非文中清楚地作出相反意思的表示。應進一步指出的是,申請專利範圍會被撰寫成排除任何非必要的元件。因此,此聲明是打算用來作為和被請求的元件相關地使用“唯一地”、“只有”及類此者等等排它性用詞或“負面”限制用詞的前言基礎。
熟習此技藝者在閱讀此揭示內容時將會明顯的是,在本文中被描述及例示的每一個別的態樣具有分開的構件的特徵,它們可以和其它數種態樣的任何一者輕易地分開或結合而不會偏離本發明的範圍或精神。任何被描述的方法可依照被描述的順序被實施或依照邏輯上可能的任何其它順序被實施。
雖然上面的揭露內容已為了易於瞭解的目的藉由例示 及舉例的方式用一些細節予以描述,但熟習此技藝者在發明的教示下可以很明顯地瞭解的是,可對這些教示作某些改變及修改而不會偏離下面的申請專利範圍所界定的精神或範圍。
因此,以上所述只是例示本發明的原理。很顯然地,熟習此技藝者將能夠發展出能夠體現出本發明的原理且包括在本發明的精神及範圍內的各式構造。此外,描述於本文中的所有例子及條件式語言原則上都是要協助讀者理解本發明的原理及本案發明人對於未來技術所貢獻出的概念,且應被解讀為不受限於這些被特別描述及例子及條件。再者,本文中描述原理、態樣、及本發明的態樣以及其特定的例子的所有敘述都是打算要涵蓋其結構上及功能上的等效物。此外,這些等效物包括目前知曉的等效物及未來開發出來的等效物,即被開發出來實施相同功能的任何元件,不論其結構為何。因此,發明的範圍並不侷限於在本文中被示出及被描述的例示性態樣。相反地,本發明的範圍及精神是由下面的申請專利範圍來界定。
14‧‧‧可攝食的膠囊
10‧‧‧藥物產品
12‧‧‧系統
20‧‧‧可攝食的產品/原料
22‧‧‧系統
30‧‧‧系統
32‧‧‧架構
34‧‧‧可攝食的材料
36‧‧‧可攝食的材料
38‧‧‧控制裝置
35‧‧‧裙件
37‧‧‧裙件
40‧‧‧系統
42‧‧‧架構
44‧‧‧可溶解的材料
46‧‧‧可溶解的材料
48‧‧‧控制裝置
49‧‧‧裙件
52‧‧‧接地接點
74‧‧‧感測器模組
50‧‧‧電流路徑
62‧‧‧控制模組
64‧‧‧時鐘
66‧‧‧記憶體
72‧‧‧感測器模組
70‧‧‧輸出
68‧‧‧輸入
76‧‧‧pH感測器模組
100‧‧‧容器
102‧‧‧標示器
110‧‧‧液體
120‧‧‧接收器裝置
130‧‧‧標示器
130a‧‧‧塗覆物材料
130b‧‧‧單元
104‧‧‧蓋子
200‧‧‧容器
202‧‧‧標示器
230‧‧‧標示器
230a‧‧‧塗覆物材料
230b‧‧‧單元
300‧‧‧感測器
300a‧‧‧感測器
300b‧‧‧感測器
300c‧‧‧感測器
302‧‧‧感測器
302a‧‧‧感測器
302b‧‧‧感測器
302c‧‧‧感測器
210‧‧‧液體
220‧‧‧裝置
900‧‧‧方法
2221‧‧‧載波訊號
2222‧‧‧第二載波訊號
2223‧‧‧混波器
2220‧‧‧窄低通濾波器
2225‧‧‧功能性方塊
2230‧‧‧未被展開的相位
2240‧‧‧方塊
2250‧‧‧方塊
2260‧‧‧方塊
2300‧‧‧信標模組
2360‧‧‧進來的訊號
2361‧‧‧方塊
2362‧‧‧混波器
2364‧‧‧方塊
2365‧‧‧方塊
2369‧‧‧載波偏移訊號
2367‧‧‧方塊
2368‧‧‧真實的載波頻率訊號
2700‧‧‧接收器
2710‧‧‧電極輸入
2720‧‧‧穿體傳導通信模組
2730‧‧‧生理的感測模組
2740‧‧‧CMOS溫度感測模組
2750‧‧‧3軸式加速度計
2760‧‧‧處理引擎
2770‧‧‧非揮發性記憶體
2780‧‧‧無線通信模組
2800‧‧‧接收器
2811‧‧‧電極(e1)
2812‧‧‧電極(e2)
2813‧‧‧電極(e3)
2820‧‧‧多工器
2830‧‧‧高帶通濾波器
2840‧‧‧低帶通濾波器
2832‧‧‧放大器
2834‧‧‧轉換器
2880‧‧‧高功率處理器
2842‧‧‧放大器
2844‧‧‧轉換器
2850‧‧‧加速度計
2860‧‧‧第二多工器
2870‧‧‧低功率處理器(微控制器)
2864‧‧‧轉換器
2890‧‧‧快閃記憶體
2895‧‧‧無線通信元件
2900‧‧‧接收器
2950‧‧‧類比對數位轉換器
2960‧‧‧DMA至DSP單元
2911‧‧‧電極
2912‧‧‧電極
2913‧‧‧電極
2920‧‧‧多工器
2930‧‧‧高通濾波器
2940‧‧‧低通濾波器
圖1顯示一依據本發明的教示之和一被植入的裝置通信之事件指示器系統。
圖2A顯示依據本發明的教示之圖1的該藥物產品,其中該事件指示器系統是在該藥物產品的外部上。
圖2B顯示依據本發明的教示之圖1的該藥物產品, 其中該事件指示器系統被放置在該藥物產品的內部中。
圖3是一方塊圖,其例示依據本發明的教示的該事件指示器系統的一個態樣,其中不同的金屬被設置在相反端上。
圖4是一方塊圖,其例示依據本發明的教示的該事件指示器系統的另一個態樣,其中不同的金屬被設置在同一端且被一不導電的材料隔開。
圖5顯示依據本發明的教示之圖3的事件指示器系統和導電流體接觸且處在作用狀態時通過該導電流體的離子傳遞路徑或電流路徑。
圖5A顯示依據本發明的教示的圖5的不同材料的表面的放大圖。
圖5B顯示依據本發明的教示的圖5的事件指示器系統具有一pH感測器單元。
圖6是一方塊圖,其例示使用在依據本發明的教示的圖3及4的系統中的控制裝置的態樣。
圖7顯示具有一依據本發明的教示的事件指示器之用於液體的容器。
圖8顯示具有一依據本發明的教示的事件指示器及體積感測器之用於液體的容器。
圖9為一用來收集資訊並將資訊相互關連起來以用以將一消耗者的食物消耗追蹤的處理自動化。
圖10為一依據本發明的一個態樣之實施一可能存在於一接收器內的一致解調的解調電路(demodulation circuit)的功能性方塊圖。
圖11例示一依據本發明的一個態樣之在一接收器內的信標模組(beacon module)的方塊圖。
圖12為依據本發明的一個態樣之可存在於一接收器內的不同的功能性模組的方塊圖。
圖13為依據本發明的一個態樣的接收器的方塊圖。
圖14提供依據本發明的一個態樣之在一接收器內的高頻訊號鏈的方塊圖。
圖15提供一圖式,其顯示依據本發明的一個態樣的一包括一訊號接收器及一可攝食的事件標示器的系統可如何被使用。

Claims (22)

  1. 一種用於通信的系統,其包含:一容器,其界定一開口且被建構來容納一食物;及一用來通信資訊的標示器,其中該標示器包含:一支撐結構,其包括一控制模組;及一部分電源,其包含:一第一材料,其和該支撐結構實體地相關連:及一第二材料,其在一不同於該第一材料的位置點的位置點和該支撐結構實體地相關連,使得該第一材料和該第二材料彼此電隔離且代表一電壓電位,其中該控制模組控制該第一材料和該第二材料之間的電導率,及其中該標示器被固定至該容器靠近該開口。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統,其更包含一蓋子,用來封蓋該容器的該開口。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之系統,其中該標示器包括一無線發射器以產生並送出一無線訊號且該無線發射器和該控制模組通信。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之系統,其中該食物是不導電的。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之系統,其中該第一材料和該第二材料中的至少一者是鋅,其在該蓋子被移走時和空氣反應以產生一電壓電位,及該標示器被啟動且被建構來 產生一訊號。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第2項之系統,其中該食物是一導電液體。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之系統,其中當和該導電液體接觸時,該第一材料和該第二材料代表一電壓電位且當該導電液體被配送時,該標示器因為和該導電液體接觸而被啟動。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之系統,其中該標示器產生一電流特徵,其包括使用該控制模組編碼於其內資訊。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7項之系統,其更包含一在該導電液體內的可攝食的標示器,其中該可攝食的標示器包括一塗覆物以防止該可攝食的標示器與該液體起反應。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該可攝食的標示器包含:一第一支撐結構;一第一相異的材料,其和該可攝食的標示器的該第一支撐結構實體地相關連:及一第二相異的材料,其在一位置點和該可攝食的標示器的該第一支撐結構實體地相關連,該位置點和該可攝食的標示器之該第一相異的材料的位置點不同,使得該可攝食的標示器的該第一相異的材料和該可攝食的標示器的該第二相異的材料彼此電隔離且代表一電壓電位,其中該可攝食的標示器的該第一支撐結構包括一第一控制模組,其用來控制該可攝食的標示器的該第一相異的 材料和該可攝食的標示器的該第二相異的材料之間的電導率。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之系統,其中該可攝食的標示器和一與一消耗者的身體相關的偵測器通信及其中該偵測器接收該可攝食的標示器所產生的資訊並將該資訊解碼。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該塗覆物在和一生理的流體接觸時溶解。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統,其中該標示器和一固定至一消耗者的皮膚的接收器通信。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統,其更包含一固定至該容器的電容感測器,其中該電容感測器包括一對設置在該容器上的電容板以偵測該容器的電容及其中該電容感測器產生一訊號,其標示出該容器在電容方面的至少一改變。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之系統,其中該電容感測器的該等電容板包含導電墨水。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之系統,其中該電容感測器是由該部分電源來供電。
  17. 一種用來追蹤一消耗者的食物消耗的系統,該系包含:一容器,其界定一開口且包括一蓋子,其中該容器被建構來容納該食物;一感測器,其被固定在靠近該容器的該開口且受該蓋 子保護,使得當該蓋子被移走時,該感測器產生和該蓋子被移走相關連的資訊;及一第二感測器,其被固定在該容器的壁上以產生一和該容器的內容物的改變相關連的訊號,其中來自該感測器的資訊和來自該第二感測器的資訊被通信至一和該消耗者相關的接收器。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項之系統,其中該感測器包括一發射器以使用經由一消耗者的身體的跨導(transconduction)來送出該資訊及其中該第二感測器包括一單元以使用一消耗者的身體的跨導來送出該資訊。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第18項之系統,其中該感測器及該第二感測器係相通信的,使得該感測器的啟動會造成一訊號被送至該第二感測器。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第17項之系統,其中該食物是液體及其中多個可攝食的感測器被包括在該液體中,用以在該等可攝食的感測器被攝食時會產生資訊且該資訊係使用跨導被送至該接收器。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第17項之系統,其中該接收器包括一單元,其被建構來將來自該感測器、該第二感測器、及該等可攝食的感測器的資訊相互相關連起來用以將該消耗者的食物消耗追蹤自動化。
  22. 一種自動追蹤一消耗者的食物消耗的方法,該方法包含的步驟為:在打開一包括該食物的容器時啟動一感測器,其中該 感測器產生和該食物的種類及打開該容器的時間有關的資訊及其中該感測器所產生的該資訊是可獨一無二地識別該容器;在該食物配送時啟動一第二感測器,其中該第二感測器產生和從該容器被配送出的食物數量有關的資訊,其中來自該第二感測器的資訊是可獨一無二地識別該容器;在該消耗者攝食該食物時啟動一可攝食的感測器,其中該可攝食的感測器產生資訊以標示該食物已被該消耗者消耗,其中來自該可攝食的感測器的資訊是可獨一無二地識別該容器;及將該感測器產生的資訊、該第二感測器產生的資訊、或該可攝食的感測器產生的資訊其中至少一者送至一接收器,其中來自於該感測器的資訊、來自該第二感測器的資訊、或來自該可攝食的感測器的資訊的至少兩份資訊被處理,用以自動化追蹤該消耗者的食物消耗。
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