KR20010078217A - 비어 홀을 충전하는 도금 방법 - Google Patents
비어 홀을 충전하는 도금 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20010078217A KR20010078217A KR1020010004601A KR20010004601A KR20010078217A KR 20010078217 A KR20010078217 A KR 20010078217A KR 1020010004601 A KR1020010004601 A KR 1020010004601A KR 20010004601 A KR20010004601 A KR 20010004601A KR 20010078217 A KR20010078217 A KR 20010078217A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- plating
- copper
- promoter
- substrate
- via hole
- Prior art date
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- FRTIVUOKBXDGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-sulfanylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCS FRTIVUOKBXDGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Mesna Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCS XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NJZLKINMWXQCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-(3-sulfopropyldisulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na].[Na].OS(=O)(=O)CCCSSCCCS(O)(=O)=O NJZLKINMWXQCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 46
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001030 Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
- C25D7/123—Semiconductors first coated with a seed layer or a conductive layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/423—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/095—Conductive through-holes or vias
- H05K2201/09563—Metal filled via
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4644—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by building the multilayer layer by layer, i.e. build-up multilayer circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S205/00—Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
- Y10S205/917—Treatment of workpiece between coating steps
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 비어 홀(via hole)을 충전하는 도금 방법으로서, 기판을 덮는 절연층에 형성되어 기판 상에 위치한 도체층의 부분을 하부에서 노출시키는 각각의 비어 홀이 구리로 도금되어 도금된 금속으로 충전되는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법에 있어서,상기 기판을 덮는 절연층의 상면, 및 각 비어 홀의 측벽과 하부 상에 구리막을 형성하는 과정과,상기 형성된 구리막을 갖는 기판을 도금 촉진제 함유 수용액에 담가 구리막의 표면상에 도금 촉진제를 퇴적시키는 과정과,각 비어 홀의 측벽과 하부 상에 도금 촉진제를 남기고 상기 절연층 상에 위치한 구리막의 표면으로부터 도금 촉진제를 제거하는 과정과,구리로 형성된 구리막을 갖는 기판을 전기 도금하여 도금된 구리로 비어 홀을 충전하고 동시에 앞서 절연층 상에 형성된 구리막뿐만 아니라 도금된 구리로 충전된 비어 홀을 최종적으로 덮는 연속적인 구리막을 형성하는 과정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,도금 촉진제로서, 황 화합물 또는 황 화합물의 혼합물이 사용되고, 이 황 화합물은 다음의 일반식및(식 중, X는 나트륨, 칼륨, 또는 수소를 나타내고, R은 수소 또는 알킬기를 나타내며, n은 1이상의 정수이고, m은 1이상의 정수임)으로 표시되는 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 황 화합물은 소듐 3-머캅토-1-프로판설포네이트, 소듐 2-머캅토에탄설포네이트, 및 디소듐 비스-(3-설포프로필)-디설파이드로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 도금 촉진제를 함유하는 수용액은 비이온 계면 활성제를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 4항에 있어서,상기 비이온 계면 활성제는 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 또는 폴리프로필렌 글리콜인 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 도금 촉진제는, (1) 구리용 에칭 용액을 사용하는 에칭 공정, (2) 시아나이드 전해조(electrolytic bath)를 사용하는 시아나이드 전해 처리, (3) 절연층 상의 구리막의 표면을 자외 방사로 비스듬히 조사하는 자외 방사 처리, 및 (4) 절연층 상부의 구리막의 표면을 연마하는 처리에 의해 제거되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 도금 촉진제의 제거 과정은 생략되고, 상기 기판을 상기 도금 촉진제 함유 용액에 담그는 과정 이후, 구리로 전기 도금하는 과정의 초기 단계에서 역 전해 처리가 행해지는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 도금 촉진제의 제거 과정은 생략되고, 상기 기판을 상기 도금 촉진제 함유 용액에 담그는 과정 이후, 인가된 전류의 방향이 주기적으로 반전되는 펄스 도금이 구리로 전기 도금하는 과정에서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 구리로 전기 도금하는 과정은 도금 촉진제가 없는 전기 도금 용액을 사용하여 이행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 기판을 상기 도금 촉진제 함유 용액에 담그는 과정은 도금 촉진제로서 소듐 3-머캅토-1-프로판설포네이트 또는 소듐 2-머캅토에탄설포네이트를 사용하여 이행되고, 상기 도금 촉진제를 제거하는 과정은 생략되고, 상기 구리로 전기 도금하는 과정은 도금 촉진제가 없는 전기 도금 용액을 사용하여 이행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 기판을 상기 도금 촉진제 함유 용액에 담그는 과정에 앞서, 구리의 스트라이크 도금(strike plating)이 구리막의 표면상에 제공되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비어 홀 충전 도금 방법.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-23794 | 2000-02-01 | ||
JP2000023794 | 2000-02-01 | ||
JP2000334044A JP3594894B2 (ja) | 2000-02-01 | 2000-11-01 | ビアフィリングめっき方法 |
JP2000-334044 | 2000-11-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20010078217A true KR20010078217A (ko) | 2001-08-20 |
KR100730326B1 KR100730326B1 (ko) | 2007-06-19 |
Family
ID=26584623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR20010004601A KR100730326B1 (ko) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-01-31 | 비어 홀을 충전하는 도금 방법 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6755957B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1122989B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3594894B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100730326B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60126853T2 (ko) |
TW (1) | TW574438B (ko) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100832705B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-05-28 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 시스템 인 패키지의 비아 도금방법 및 그 시스템 |
KR200454218Y1 (ko) * | 2008-10-08 | 2011-06-23 | 주식회사강산 | 핸드레일 |
US8795505B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2014-08-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Copper electroplating method |
CN113795086A (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-14 | 重庆新固兴科技有限公司 | 双面假贴机 |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7531079B1 (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2009-05-12 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for uniform electropolishing of damascene IC structures by selective agitation |
US7449098B1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2008-11-11 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method for planar electroplating |
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-
2001
- 2001-01-30 US US09/772,457 patent/US6755957B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-31 DE DE60126853T patent/DE60126853T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-31 EP EP01300837A patent/EP1122989B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-31 KR KR20010004601A patent/KR100730326B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-31 TW TW90101961A patent/TW574438B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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KR100832705B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-05-28 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 시스템 인 패키지의 비아 도금방법 및 그 시스템 |
KR200454218Y1 (ko) * | 2008-10-08 | 2011-06-23 | 주식회사강산 | 핸드레일 |
US8795505B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2014-08-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Copper electroplating method |
CN113795086A (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-14 | 重庆新固兴科技有限公司 | 双面假贴机 |
CN113795086B (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-14 | 重庆新固兴科技有限公司 | 双面假贴机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20010013472A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
EP1122989A2 (en) | 2001-08-08 |
DE60126853D1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
KR100730326B1 (ko) | 2007-06-19 |
US6755957B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 |
TW574438B (en) | 2004-02-01 |
EP1122989B1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
DE60126853T2 (de) | 2007-08-30 |
EP1122989A3 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
JP3594894B2 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
JP2001291954A (ja) | 2001-10-19 |
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