JP6727666B2 - 窒化炭素と酸化グラフェンの自己組織化複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化炭素と酸化グラフェンの自己組織化複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6727666B2 JP6727666B2 JP2018500312A JP2018500312A JP6727666B2 JP 6727666 B2 JP6727666 B2 JP 6727666B2 JP 2018500312 A JP2018500312 A JP 2018500312A JP 2018500312 A JP2018500312 A JP 2018500312A JP 6727666 B2 JP6727666 B2 JP 6727666B2
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008624 imidazolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004355 nitrogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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Description
したがって、本発明の目的は、リチウムポリスルフィドの湧出及び拡散が抑制されたリチウム−硫黄電池を提供することである。
前述した一具現例で提示するGO/CN自己組織化複合体は、リチウム−硫黄電池の正極活物質として使用する硫黄と単純混合して使用したり、複合化された形態で使うことができる。このようなGO/CN自己組織化複合体は、リチウムポリスルフィドを吸着するようになって、結果、放電容量が増加し、過電圧の特性を改善することができる。また、優れた放電容量の維持率を示し、長期間のサイクル後にも高容量を保つ。特に、複合化された形態は、GO/CN自己組織化複合体の表面を硫黄でコーティングした構造である場合、硫黄との接触面積が増加してポリスルフィドをさらに効果的に吸着することができる。
上記リチウム−硫黄電池用正極;負極活物質としてリチウム金属またはリチウム合金を含む負極;上記正極と負極の間に位置する分離膜;及び上記負極、正極及び分離膜に含浸されており、リチウム塩と有機溶媒を含む電解質を含むことができる。
メラミン(Melamine)2mmolを10mLのDMSOに溶解した後、これに2%酸化グラフェン(Graphene oxide)水溶液2gを添加し、これにトリチオシアヌル酸(Tri−thiocyanuric acid)2mmolが溶解されたジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶液5mLを添加した後、蒸溜水15mLを順次添加して自己組織化複合体を製造した。以後、上記製造された自己組織化複合体を水で3回洗浄した後、110℃真空オーブンで一晩乾燥して獲得した(図1に図示)。
上記実施例1で製造されたGO/CN自己組織化複合体と硫黄粒子を複合化するために、155℃で硫黄を溶融拡散(melt−diffusion)させる方式によって、S:(GO/CN)の重量比が7:3になるようにGO/CN自己組織化複合体に硫黄を担持し、S−(GO/CN)複合体を製造した(図3に図示)。その結果、GO/CN自己組織化複合体の表面に硫黄が被覆されたS−(GO/CN)複合体が形成された。
メラミン(Melamine)とトリチオシアヌル酸(Tri−thiocyanuric acid)をそれぞれ4mmolずつ取って、それぞれ20mLと10mLのジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶媒で溶かし、これを混合した後、水30mLを添加して自己組織化複合体を製造した。以後、上記実施例1と同じ方法で洗浄及び乾燥して獲得した(図4に図示)。
以後、上記実施例1と同じ方法で熱処理して、約1μm×5μm大きさの直方体形状の窒化炭素(CN)粒子が形成された(図5に図示)。
S/Super−P(9:1):デンカブラック(Denka black):CMC/SBRの割合が80:10:10のスラリーを製造した。このように製造されたスラリーを利用して2mAh/cm2のローディングを有する正極スラリーをアルミニウム(Al)ホイルの上にコーティングした。この正極を利用して、CR2032コインセル(Coin cell)タイプでDEGDME:DOL=6:4、1M LiFSI、1%のLiNO3組成の電解液を使用してリチウム−硫黄電池を製作した。(ただし、CMCはCarboxymethyl cellulose、SBRはスチレンブタジエンゴム:Styrene−butadiene rubber、DEGDMEはジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル:Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether、DOLはジオキソラン:Dioxolane、LiFSIは リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド:Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imideである。)
比較例1で製造された窒化炭素(CN)を正極添加剤として適用するために、S/Super−P(9:1):デンカブラック(Denka black):CN:CMC/SBRの割合が80:10:5:5になるようにスラリーを製造した。このように製造されたスラリーを利用して上記製造例1と同じ方法でリチウム−硫黄電池を製作した。
実施例1で製造されたGO/CN自己組織化複合体を正極添加剤として適用するために、S/SuperP(9:1):デンカブラック(Denka black):GO/CN自己組織化複合体:CMC/SBRの割合が80:10:5:5になるようにスラリーを製造した。このように製造されたスラリーを利用して上記製造例1と同じ方法でリチウム−硫黄電池を製作した。
実施例2で製造されたS−(GO/CN)複合体を正極活物質として適用するために、S−(GO/CN)複合体:デンカブラック(Denka black):CMC/SBRの割合が90:5:5になるように電極スラリーを製造して、上記製造例1と同じ方法でリチウム−硫黄電池を製作した。
上記製造された実施例1のGO/CN自己組織化複合体と比較例1の窒化炭素サンプルをXPS(X−ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)を行って、C 1s及びN 1sスペクトルと表面元素を分析した。
先ず、図6と図7のデータを参考すればC 1s及びN 1sスペクトルで比較例1の窒化炭素は、図6で確認できるように、帯電効果(Charging effect)で正確な測定が難しかった。しかし、実施例1のGO/CN自己組織化複合体のC−N−Cピリジン型Nが多量含有されているし、帯電効果(Charging effect)が顕著に減少したことを図7を通じて確認することができた。これを通じて実施例1のGO/CN自己組織化複合体は、酸化グラフェンによって伝導性が増加したことを確認することができた。
また、表面元素分析結果を下記表1に示した。
実施例1のGO/CN自己組織化複合体と比較例1の窒化炭素の粉体抵抗を測定した。比較例1の窒化炭素は、抵抗が107Ω・cm以上と非常に高くて測定値を得にくかったが、図8のデータを参考すれば、実施例1のGO/CN自己組織化複合体は、抵抗が減少して、1.04g/ccの密度(Density)を有する時の粉体抵抗が1.13×102Ω・cmと測定された。
製造例1ないし3で製作されたリチウム−硫黄電池の放電容量の特性を測定(0.1C/0.1C)し、その結果、図9ないし図11を参考すれば、製造例1に比べて窒化炭素を添加した製造例2の場合、放電容量が全般的に増加し、GO/CN自己組織化複合体を添加した製造例3では、製造例1に比べて全体的に放電過電圧が小幅減少することを確認することができた。
製造例1ないし3で製作されたリチウム−硫黄電池のサイクル寿命特性(0.1C/0.1Cで2.5cycle以後0.3C/0.5Cに充・放電)と充・放電効率特性を測定し、その結果、図12を参考すれば、窒化炭素を使用した製造例2と製造例3の充・放電効率が製造例1に比べて大きく向上しており、特にGO/CN自己組織化複合体を添加した製造例3でサイクル特性がさらに向上した。
製造例4で製作されたリチウム−硫黄電池の放電容量特性を測定(0.1C/0.1C)し、その結果、図9と図13を比較して参考すれば、初期放電容量は製造例1とほぼ類似で、サイクルの進行時、製造例1に比べて放電容量が全般的に増加した。
製造例4で製作されたリチウム−硫黄電池のサイクル寿命特性(0.1C/0.1Cで2.5サイクル以後0.3C/0.5Cに充・放電)と充・放電効率特性を測定し、その結果を図14に図示した。製造例3でGO/CN自己組織化複合体を正極添加剤として使った時より製造例4でS−(GO/CN)複合体を正極活物質として製造したリチウム−硫黄電池の容量維持率が優秀であり、充・放電効率も安定的に維持されることを確認することができた。
Claims (6)
- 窒化炭素前駆体と酸化グラフェンが溶解された混合液を熱処理して製造し、
上記窒化炭素前駆体は、メラミンとトリチオシアヌル酸であることを特徴とする、酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。 - 上記窒化炭素前駆体は、メラミンとトリチオシアヌル酸のモル比が2:1ないし1:2となるように製造することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。
- 上記混合液を製造する際に、溶媒はジメチルスルホキシドと水の混合溶媒であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。
- 上記ジメチルスルホキシドと水は2:1ないし1:2の重量比で混合されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。
- 上記混合液を製造する際に、上記メラミンとトリチオシアヌル酸はジメチルスルホキシドに溶解し、上記酸化グラフェンは水に溶解した後、二つの溶液を混合して混合液を製造することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。
- 上記熱処理は400ないし700℃で1ないし10時間行われることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸化グラフェン/窒化炭素自己組織化複合体の製造方法。
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