JP6705831B2 - 半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板、半導体素子、および、半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板、半導体素子、および、半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、本発明に係る半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の一実施形態としてのエピタキシャル基板10を含んで構成される、本発明に係る半導体素子の一実施形態としてのHEMT素子20の断面構造を、模式的に示す図である。
(自立基板の作製)
まず、フラックス法による自立基板1の作製手順について説明する。
続いて、MOCVD法によるエピタキシャル基板10の作製について説明する。エピタキシャル基板10は、自立基板1をMOCVD炉のリアクタ内に設けられたサセプタ上に載置した状態で、下記の条件にてバッファ層2、チャネル層3、および障壁層4をこの順にて積層形成することで得られる。なお、形成温度とはサセプタ加熱温度を意味する。
形成温度=900℃〜1200℃;
リアクタ内圧力=5kPa〜30kPa;
キャリアガス=水素;
15族/13族ガス比=5000〜20000;
Al原料ガス/13族原料ガス比=0.00002〜0.1。
形成温度=1000℃〜1200℃;
リアクタ内圧力=15kPa〜105kPa;
キャリアガス=水素;
15族/13族ガス比=1000〜10000。
形成温度=1000℃〜1200℃;
リアクタ内圧力=1kPa〜30kPa;
15族/13族ガス比=5000〜20000;
キャリアガス=水素;
Al原料ガス/13族原料ガス比=0.1〜0.4。
形成温度=700℃〜900℃;
リアクタ内圧力=1kPa〜30kPa;
15族/13族ガス比=2000〜20000;
キャリアガス=窒素;
In原料ガス/13族原料ガス比=0.1〜0.9。
エピタキシャル基板10を用いたHEMT素子20の作製は、公知の技術を適用することで実現可能である。
上述のように、本実施の形態に係るHEMT素子20においては、自立基板1が、1×1018cm−3以上の濃度でZnがドープされたGaNからなるとともに、バッファ層2が、エピタキシャル基板10の作製時にZnが自立基板1からチャネル層3へと拡散することを防止する拡散抑制層として機能するべく設けられてなる。より具体的には、バッファ層2は、1×1018cm−3以上5×1021cm−3以下の濃度でAlがドープされたGaN層である。
ZnドープGaN単結晶自立基板を作製した後、係る自立基板を下地基板として、バッファ層の厚みを違えたほかは同一の条件にて7種類のエピタキシャル基板を作製した。さらに、それぞれのエピタキシャル基板を用いてHEMT素子を作製した。以降においては、7種類のエピタキシャル基板とそれぞれを用いて作製したHEMT素子とに対し、共通のサンプルNo.1−1〜No.1−7を用いる。
直径2インチ、厚さ0.43mmのc面サファイア基板の表面に、550℃にてGaN低温バッファ層を30nm成膜し、その後、厚さ3μmのGaN薄膜を1050℃にてMOCVD法により成膜し、種基板として利用可能なMOCVD−GaNテンプレートを得た。
続いて、MOCVD法によって、エピタキシャル基板を作製した。具体的には、以下の条件に従って、バッファ層としてのAlドープGaN層、チャネル層としてのGaN層、障壁層としてのAlGaN層を、それぞれのZnドープGaN基板上にこの順に積層形成した。なお、以下において、15族/13族ガス比とは、13族(Ga、Al)原料の供給量に対する15族(N)原料の供給量の比(モル比)である。
形成温度=1050℃;
リアクタ内圧力=5kPa;
15族/13族ガス比=15000;
Al原料ガス/13族原料ガス比=0.001;
厚み=0、10、20、100、200、1000、または2000nm。
形成温度=1050℃;
リアクタ内圧力=100kPa;
15族/13族ガス比=2000;
厚み=1000nm。
形成温度=1050℃;
リアクタ内圧力=5kPa;
15族/13族ガス比=12000;
Al原料ガス/13族ガス比=0.25;
厚み=25nm。
次に、それぞれのエピタキシャル基板を用いてHEMT素子を作製した。なお、HEMT素子は、ゲート幅が100μm、ソース−ゲート間隔が1μm、ゲート−ドレイン間隔が4μm、ゲート長が1μmとなるように設計した。
サンプルNo.1−4のHEMT素子について、STEM(走査型透過電子顕微鏡)観察し、係る観察結果に基づいてZnドープGaN基板の貫通転位密度を求めたところ、2×106cm−2であった。同条件で作製した、他のサンプルのZnドープGaN基板の転位密度についても、サンプルNo.1−4と同程度と見積もられる。
それぞれのHEMT素子について、SIMS(二次イオン質量分析法)によりエピタキシャル基板における深さ方向の元素分析を行い、Zn元素とAl元素の濃度プロファイルを得た。
半導体パラメーターアナライザーを用いて、サンプルNo.1−1〜No.1−6のHEMT素子のドレイン電流ドレイン電圧特性(Id−Vd特性)をDCモードおよびパルスモード(静止ドレインバイアスVdq=30V、静止ゲートバイアスVgq=−5V)にて評価した。ピンチオフ(pinch-off)の閾値電圧はVg=−3Vであった。
実験例1と同様の作製条件および手順でZnドープGaN単結晶自立基板を作製した後、係る自立基板を下地基板として、7種類のエピタキシャル基板を作製した。その際の作製条件は、Al濃度が相異なるように、AlドープGaNバッファ層を形成する際のAl原料ガス/13族原料ガス比を違えたほかは、同一とした。より詳細には、当該バッファ層を形成する際のAl原料ガス/13族原料ガス比は、0.00001、0.00002、0.0001、0.001、0.02、0.1、0.2の7水準に違えた。また、バッファ層の厚みは100nmとした。
実験例1と同様の手順でZnドープGaN単結晶自立基板を作製した後、係る自立基板を下地基板として、3種類のエピタキシャル基板を作製し、それぞれのエピタキシャル基板を用いてHEMT素子を作製した。
上述した実験例1〜3の結果からは、以下のことが確認される。
Claims (7)
- ZnがドープされたGaNからなり、転位密度が5.0×10 7 cm −2 以下である半絶縁性の自立基板と、
前記自立基板に隣接してなるバッファ層と、
前記バッファ層に隣接してなるチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層を挟んで前記バッファ層とは反対側に設けられてなる障壁層と、
を備え、
前記バッファ層が、Al濃度が5×10 18 cm −3 以上1×10 21 cm −3 以下であるAlドープGaNからなり、かつ、20nm以上200nm以下の厚みを有する、前記自立基板から前記チャネル層へのZnの拡散を抑制する拡散抑制層であり、
前記チャネル層におけるZnの濃度が1×10 16 cm −3 以下である、
ことを特徴とする、半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板であって、
前記チャネル層はGaNからなり、前記障壁層はAlGaNからなる、
ことを特徴とする半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板。 - ZnがドープされたGaNからなり、転位密度が5.0×10 7 cm −2 以下である半絶縁性の自立基板と、
前記自立基板に隣接してなるバッファ層と、
前記バッファ層に隣接してなるチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層を挟んで前記バッファ層とは反対側に設けられてなる障壁層と、
前記障壁層の上に設けられてなるゲート電極、ソース電極、およびドレイン電極と、
を備え、
前記バッファ層が、Al濃度が5×10 18 cm −3 以上1×10 21 cm −3 以下であるAlドープGaNからなり、かつ、20nm以上200nm以下の厚みを有する、前記自立基板から前記チャネル層へのZnの拡散を抑制する拡散抑制層であり、
前記チャネル層におけるZnの濃度が1×10 16 cm −3 以下である、
ことを特徴とする、半導体素子。 - 請求項3に記載の半導体素子であって、
前記チャネル層はGaNからなり、前記障壁層はAlGaNからなる、
ことを特徴とする半導体素子。 - 半導体素子用のエピタキシャル基板を製造する方法であって、
a)ZnがドープされたGaNからなり、転位密度が5.0×10 7 cm −2 以下である半絶縁性の自立基板を用意する準備工程と、
b)前記自立基板に隣接させてバッファ層を形成するバッファ層形成工程と、
c)前記バッファ層に隣接させてチャネル層を形成するチャネル層形成工程と、
d)前記チャネル層を挟んで前記バッファ層とは反対側の位置に障壁層を形成する障壁層形成工程と、
を備え、
バッファ層形成工程においては、前記バッファ層を、5×10 18 cm −3 以上1×10 21 cm −3 以下のAl濃度を有するAlドープGaNからなり、かつ、20nm以上200nm以下の厚みを有するように形成することで、前記バッファ層を、前記自立基板から前記チャネル層へのZnの拡散を抑制する拡散抑制層とし、これによって、前記チャネル層形成工程において形成される前記チャネル層におけるZnの濃度を1×10 16 cm −3 以下とする、
ことを特徴とする半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載の半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法であって、
前記チャネル層はGaNにて形成され、前記障壁層はAlGaNにて形成される、
ことを特徴とする半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法。 - 請求項5または請求項6に記載の半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法であって、
前記自立基板はフラックス法で作製される、
ことを特徴とする半導体素子用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法。
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