JP6652695B2 - 撥液性多孔質膜を備えた電気化学反応装置 - Google Patents
撥液性多孔質膜を備えた電気化学反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6652695B2 JP6652695B2 JP2015535545A JP2015535545A JP6652695B2 JP 6652695 B2 JP6652695 B2 JP 6652695B2 JP 2015535545 A JP2015535545 A JP 2015535545A JP 2015535545 A JP2015535545 A JP 2015535545A JP 6652695 B2 JP6652695 B2 JP 6652695B2
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- water
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- negative electrode
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- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 claims description 176
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Description
これら該外気遮蔽型負極電極室57と該正電極室53は、撥水性多孔質フッ素樹脂膜11からなる封筒型密閉容器55に挟まれている構造を有している。ここで先ず予備実験として苛性ソーダ電池106上部に撥水性多孔質フッ素樹脂膜11の耐水圧に匹敵する錘104で加圧し、この状態で充電用補助正電極56と外気遮蔽型負極電極室57内の炭素製該空隙板電極との間に10Aで60分の充電を行った後、錘104を取り除き、充電を終えた。この時点での封筒型密閉容器55内部の苛性ソーダ水溶液の濃度は43%であり、原理的には10%まで充電可能である。ここで外気遮蔽型負極電極室57内の炭素製該空隙板電極と銅板からなる集電極板64との間に電気的負荷をかけ、再度錘104で加重すると、放電が始まり起電力は3Vであった。ここで錘104を取り除いたまま放置して、1ヵ月後、再度錘104で加圧すると、3Vの起電力を示し、錘104を取り除くと電圧値は0Vを示した。この錘104の付加と解除を繰り返しても、封筒型密閉容器55内部の苛性ソーダ水溶液の濃度の変化は無く、内部で自己放電が起こらないことが実証できた。
2…開放容器
3…負極電極室
4…正極電極室
5…連通管
6…圧力印加具(シリンダ)
7…スポイトゴム、ピペター
8…ラチェット付電動加圧装置
9…貯水槽
10…位置水頭(h)
11…撥液(水)性多孔質膜(隔離膜、)
12…生成ガス回収ホース
13…アルコール
14…電解質水溶液
15…溶質(薬品)
16…油充填電極室、
17…正極板(油槽内)
18…中間電極板(油槽内)
19…仮想負電極面(油と電解質の界面)
20…電荷(電圧)
21…電解質内の正極板
22…油
23…油(比重1以下)
24…油(比重1以上)
25…酸(塩化物の場合は塩酸)
26…陰極生成物回収口
27…撥液水性多孔質膜(淡水浸透用)
28…水道(水圧の利用)
29 大型密閉容、
30…水素製造装置
31…卑金属水酸化物(苛性ソーダ)
32…卑金属塩化物水溶液(塩化ナトリウム水溶液)
33…濃酸(塩酸)
34…水供給口
35…負極生成物回収口
36…負電極板
37…正電極(炭素繊維、炭素粒、多孔質炭素)
38…正電極板
39…卑金属塩水溶液供給槽
40…水充填電極室
41…気体透過電極室
42…正極生成物回収口(濃酸取り出し口)
43…網状負電極(炭素繊維、金属網)
44…多孔質炭素負極板兼隔離膜
45…水素ガス
46…卑金属水酸化物溶融塩(苛性ソーダ)
47…水素ガス圧入口
48…溶融塩加熱ヒータ
49…水素化卑金属(水素化ナトリウム)
50…水素マイナスイオン
51…水素化卑金属回収口
52…負極電極室(電池用、キャパシタ用)
53…正極電極室(電池用、キャパシタ用)
55…封筒型密閉容器
56…充電用補助正電極(網状金属)
57…外気遮蔽型負電極室
58…炭素製空隙板電極(活性炭)
59…金属酸化膜(電池正極用)(CuO,AlO3,ZnO2)
60…金属板(電池用)(Cu,Al)
61…樹脂フィルム
62…負電極板(電池用)(Al,Mg,Ca,Zn,Ni,Pb)
63…金属塩化物膜(電池正極用)(ZnCl2)
64…集電極板(電池用)(Cu,Al)
65…負極電極板(Al,Mg,Zn)
66…正極(負極で用いた金属の塩化物)
67…活性炭粒または炭素繊維
68…臭素液
69…沃素粒
70…グラファイト板
71…アルミニウム(Al)負極電極板
72…誘電性溶液(油系、水系)
73…板電極(キャパシタ)
74…電気二重層電極(キャパシタ)
75…レドックスキャパシタ電極
76…ハイブリッドキャパシタ電極
77…包囲点線部
78…含空隙導電材料(金属繊維、炭素繊維、活性炭)
79…電気化学キャパシタ用電解質水溶液(希硫酸)
80…希苛性ソーダ(電気化学キャパシタ用電解質水溶液)
81…ステンレス繊維
82…炭素繊維
83…電極間距離(d)
84…海面下水素製造装置
85…多段型海面下水素製造装置
86…湖面下(海面下)水素製造装置
87…四角柱型密閉容器
88…淡水(水)
89…水道圧利用簡易水素製造装置
90…塩化ナトリウム水溶液から苛性ソーダと塩素ガスを直接製造する装置
91…塩化ナトリウム水溶液から苛性ソーダと塩酸を直接製造する装置
92…卑金属製造装置
93…1次圧力調整弁(気体透過用電極室)
94…吸引口(真空ポンプで耐水圧以下まで)
95…卑金属元素と塩酸を直接製造する装置
96…仮想負電極を利用した卑金属製造装置
97…水素化卑金属製造装置
98…電解質水溶液抑留装置
99…吸引口(真空ポンプ)
100…撥水性多孔質膜(11a)
101…撥水性多孔質膜(11b)
102…抑留用電解質水溶液
103…電解質加圧型二次電池
104…錘
105…空気取り入れ口
106…積層型苛性ソーダ電池
107…レドックスキャパシタ
108…レドックスキャパシタ用金属板
109…レドックスキャパシタ用金属酸化被膜
110…洋上工場
111…臨海工場(臨海発電所)
112…水素発生装置
113…浮力重力発電装置
114…加水分解反応制御装置
115…撥水性多孔質フッ素樹脂密閉袋
116…薬品
117…気体
118…水溶液補給用パイプ(ホース)
119…植物(野菜、果樹)
120…薬品散布ジョウロ(撥水性多孔質樹脂製袋やチューブ)
121…補給用栄養分(野菜工場)
122…制御室
123…カテーテル(管)
124…発熱剤(CaO)
125…カプセル
Claims (19)
- 第1の主面とこの第1の主面と反対側の第2の主面を有する正極;
第1の主面とこの第1の主面と反対側の第2の主面を有する負極、ここで、前記正極と負極とは、前記第1の主面同士が対面し、互いに離間配置されてそれらの間にスペースを規定しており;
前記スペースを満たす導電性液体である液体;
前記正極の第1の主面に配置されて前記正極を前記液体から隔離する第1の隔離具、ここで、前記第1の隔離具は複数の細孔を有する第1の撥水性多孔質膜を含み;
前記負極の第1の主面に配置されて前記負極を前記液体から隔離する第2の隔離具、ここで、前記第2の隔離具は複数の細孔を有する第2の撥水性多孔質膜を含み;および
前記液体を加圧して前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の細孔を前記液体で満たさせ、それにより前記正極および前記負極が関与する電気化学反応を生起させる圧力印加具:
を備える電気化学反応装置。 - 前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜がフッ素樹脂で形成され、前記液体が電解質水溶液であり、前記加圧が前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力で行われる請求項1に記載の電気化学反応装置。
- 前記第1および第2の隔離具は前記液体を含む密閉容器と開放容器に区分でき;
海や大型水槽から成る莫大な量の前記液体が満たされた開放容器;
さらに、前記密閉容器と前記開放容器は、前記開放容器の中に前記密閉容器を挿入した構造体;
または、前記開放容器の代わりに大型密閉容器の中に前記密閉容器を挿入した二重容器構造体;
これら構造体あるいは二重容器構造体内の前記密閉容器に密着した第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力で、前記液体を加圧して正極と負極間で前記液体の電気化学反応が行われる請求項1記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記圧力印加具により、前記開放容器または密閉容器内の前記液体を加圧するに際し、
前記密閉容器の場合には、前記液体を前記密閉容器の外側の任意の面で直接加圧、またはシリンダによる手動加圧または電動加圧あるいはラチェット付加圧装置による加圧;または
耐水圧に等しい圧力水頭が得られる高所に設置した貯水槽と連通管で繋ぐ位置水頭;あるいは
前記開放容器の場合には、電極生成物回収室を一定深さが得られる撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい水圧まで沈めて得られる水圧;または
前記構造体または二重容器構造体内の場合には、前記液体を加圧する水圧;
これらの加圧で、前記正極と負極間で前記液体の電気化学反応を行う請求項1および3に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記大型密閉容器または開放容器の中に挿入された密閉容器が、前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の他に少なくとも撥水性多孔質bあるいは淡水浸透用撥水性多孔質膜を有し、
かつ、前記圧力印加具が水道の水圧または連通管を介しての加圧と水供給により、前記撥水性多孔質膜bあるいは前記淡水浸透用撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧以上に加圧する請求項4に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記液体の電気化学反応に際し、前記正極および負極が、電池の場合は電極板からなり、電気分解の場合は電極生成物を回収する手段を備えた電極室からなり、
電極が電池に供される場合には、前記電極板の負極が両性元素またはMgあるいは、1,2族元素を除くイオン化傾向が水素より大きい金属元素であり、正極が酸素またはフッ化グラファイトあるいはイオン化傾向が水素より小さい金属元素の場合には両電極は外気に開放された裸電極とされ、負極が第1族元素または第2族元素からなり、かつ正極がハロゲンまたはハロゲン化合物からなる場合には両電極とも外気遮蔽を施した電極室とし、
電極が電気分解に供される場合には、電極生成物が気体の場合には両電極とも内部が網状、繊維状、多孔質状あるいは粒状からなる空隙電極あるいは前記空隙電極の背面に隙間を有する構造の気体透過電極室とされ、
前期電極生成物が第1族または第2族元素からなる場合には負極を油充填電極室構造とし、かつ負極生成物を重液選別するために前記空隙電極の空隙部にあるいは前記空隙電極の背面の隙間部に油を満たし、あるいは前記油の背面に板電極を配置して誘電体キャパシタおよび供給電力貯蔵用媒体として併用するための前記油を満たした油充填電極室とされ、
電極生成物が塩基性水溶液や酸性水溶液の場合には、両電極が水充填電極室であり、前記塩基性水溶液の場合には負極板電極の前面に予めアルカリを添加した水を満たし、前記酸性水溶液の場合には正極板電極の前面に予め酸を添加した水を満たし、かつ前記水充填電極室に水の注入口と生成した塩基性水溶液や酸性水溶液の取出口および前記水充填電極室の上部には生成ガス採集口を備え、あるいは正極で生成されるハロゲン、亜硫酸あるいは亜硝酸からなるガスを水に吸収させるために炭素からなる前記空隙電極の空隙や背面の隙間に水を循環させる構造を有する電極室とされ、
電極がキャパシタに供給される場合には、正負電極板が炭素電極の表面に有機分子を吸着させた電気二重層キャパシタ電極であるか、あるいはレドックスキャパシタ電極であるか、またはハイブリッドキャパシタ電極とされ、
かつ前記電解質水溶液に前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい水圧を与えて電気化学反応を行う請求項1に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記油充填電極室を構成する油層の油面と電解質水溶液面との境界面を電極と想定し、前記油層を油キャパシタ、前記電解質水溶液を水抵抗器とした電気回路において、
前記境界面を油キャパシタの負極とし、前記油キャパシタの正極と負極の間に中間電極を備え、前記正極と前記中間電極間を誘電体1として前記中間電極と前記負極間を誘電体2とする構成とし、あるいは前記誘電体1を固定キャパシタに代替させ、
前記誘電体1に電荷を与え、同時に前記誘電体2の負極と前記誘電体1の正極との間に水抵抗器としての前記電解質水溶液を接続して分解電圧以上の電圧を与えて前記誘電体2内の油層で負極生成物を重液選別する請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 海または塩湖からなる低濃度電解質水溶液を直接電気分解して水素を製造するに際し、前記隔離具が海または塩湖などの開放容器においては正極および負極からなる一対の前記気体透過電極室を第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力水頭まで降下させ、
あるいは前記密閉容器内の前記低濃度電解質水溶液が前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力水頭が得られる高い水頭位置に設置した貯水槽と連通管により連結し、あるいは前記密閉容器内の前記低濃度電解質水溶液を加圧し、
かつ正負一対の電極室が前記気体透過電極室とし、これら正負の気体透過電極室を相互に近接させて一組の気体透過電極室を一対または複数組つなげ、前記低濃度電解質水溶液を第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力下で水の分解電圧以上の電圧で電気分解して負電極室で水素ガスを正電極室で酸素ガスまたは塩素ガスを発生させる請求項3および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 高濃度電解質水溶液で満たされた第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜からなる密閉容器の一部に取り付けた撥水性多孔質膜bから淡水、海水、温泉水、あるいは高温排水からなる低濃度電解質水溶液を圧入して希釈した高濃度電解質水溶液を電気分解して水素を製造するに際し、
前記密閉容器と接した第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜を有する正負一対の気体透過電極室を備えた構造の水素製造装置とし、
前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜と前記撥水性多孔質膜bが異なる種類の場合には、
前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜よりも前記撥水性多孔質膜bの細孔径を大きな孔径にし、
前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜と前記撥水性多孔質膜bが同一種類の場合には、前記撥水性多孔質膜bの低濃度電解質水溶液に接触する側の孔壁に親水基を置換して水との濡れ性を増進させるか、あるいは低濃度電解質水溶液の水圧と前記撥水性多孔質膜bの出口側の気体の圧力との差圧が前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧と前記撥水性多孔質膜bの耐水圧との和と等しいかそれ以上になる条件下で、低濃度電解質水溶液圧側の水圧を陽圧(高く)にするか、あるいは高濃度電解質水溶液圧が圧入された前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の出口側の圧の圧力を陰圧(吸引)にし、
かつ高濃度電解質水溶液が封入された前記密閉容器を、低濃度電解質水溶液が満たされた開放容器の中に挿入し、前記密閉容器を圧力水頭位置まで降下させ、あるいは低濃度電解質水溶液で満たされた大型密閉容器の中に前記密閉容器を挿入し、前記撥水性多孔質膜bの耐水圧以上の圧力で加圧させ、あるいは水道蛇口に直結させて水道の水圧で加圧させ、前記密閉容器内部に淡水や低濃度電解質水溶液を浸透させ、希釈された高濃度電解質水溶液も連動加圧され、水の分解電圧以上の電圧で電気分解して負電極室で水素ガスを正電極室で酸素ガスまたは塩素ガスを発生させる請求項3および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記密閉容器内の卑金属塩水溶液を電気分解して負極に卑金属水酸化物を生成するに際し、
前記負極が前記水充填電極室からなり、前記水充填電極室の構造が第2の撥水性多孔質膜に接した水を介して金属または炭素からなる板電極を備え、かつ水の注入口と生成された濃縮水酸化卑金属水溶液の取出口と上部に負極生成ガスの取出口を備え、
正極は前記正極生成物を回収する正電極室であり、前記隔離具内の前記卑金属塩水溶液に第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力を与えた状態で電気分解し、負電極側の水充填電極室で水酸化卑金属および水素ガスを、正電極側の気体透過電極室では正極生成ガスを、水充填電極室では無機酸および酸素ガスを連続的に取り出す請求項4および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 卑金属元素の回収を電解質水溶液の電気分解により油の中で重液選別するに際し、
負極には第2の撥水性多孔質膜の壁面に接触させた金属または炭素からなる網状電極を備えた油充填電極室を備え;
正極には正極生成ガスを回収する気体透過電極室を備え;
または、正極には酸を回収する水充填電極室を備え;
前記電解質水溶液は、第1族元素、第2族元素および第13族元素から選ばれた卑金属塩化物水溶液であり、前記圧力印加具により前記卑金属塩化物水溶液の水圧を前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力に保ち、前記正極と前記負極の間の電位を目的析出金属の分解電圧以上の電圧に印加することにより前記負極の前記油充填電極室の油の中で目的卑金属を重液選別し、正極の気体透過電極室で正極生成ガスをあるいは正極の水充填電極室で酸を連続的に取り出す請求項5および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 前記隔離具が前記密閉容器を構成し、電解質水溶液を充填した前記密閉容器を正極および負極の板電極で挟む構造の二次電池とし、充電および放電時には前記電解質水溶液に第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力を与えて両電極間で電気化学反応を行い、蓄電時は前記電解質水溶液の加圧を解除して両電極間の自己放電を回避させる機構とし、
前記負極の板電極が両性元素あるいはMgおよび第1族元素および第2族元素を除くイオン化傾向が水素より大きい金属元素とされる時には、第2の撥水性多孔質膜に密着した前記板電極の周囲は必ずしも外界と遮断されず、
前記負極が第1族元素または第2族元素で形成され、かつ前記元素の中実の板電極からなる場合および第1族元素または第2族元素からなる負極生成物が炭素からなる前記空隙電極内部の空隙に貯留させる場合には、板電極の周囲が箱、コーティング、撥水性処理膜あるいは樹脂フィルムで覆われて外界と遮断され、
前記正極の板電極が水素よりイオン化傾向が小さい金属および金属酸化物または空気あるいは酸素とされる場合には、第1の撥水性多孔質膜に密着した前記板電極は必ずしも外界と遮断されず、
前記正極がフッ素を除くハロゲンガスあるいはハロゲン化金属の場合には第1の撥水性多孔質膜に密着した前記電極板の周囲が箱、コーティング、撥水性処理膜あるいは樹脂フィルムで覆われ、あるいは電池全体をモールドして外界と遮断し、あるいは正極の板電極が撥水性材料または撥水性処理されている場合には必ずしも第1の撥水性多孔質膜を施さず直接電解質水溶液に挿入することができる二次電池に供される請求項4および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 電解質水溶液が第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜からなる前記密閉容器に充填され、前記電解質水溶液が加圧により前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜の細孔を前記電解質水溶液で満たさせた正極と負極間でイオン反応を行う水酸化卑金属やハロゲン化卑金属を前記電解質水溶液とする二次電池において、
高効率充電を行うには充電開始時には水酸化卑金属やハロゲン化卑金属の水に対する溶解度が高く、放電開始時には電力を長時間放出し続けるために水酸化卑金属やハロゲン化卑金属の溶解度が低い状態であり、さらに高速充電または高電力放電を行う場合には前記電解質水溶液を加温(温泉、工業廃熱、内燃機関冷却巡回水)することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 正極には酸素または空気、負極には第1族元素または第2族元素を、電解質水溶液には塩基あるいは酸を用いる二次電池において、
前記酸素電極は炭素製空隙電極に空気または酸素を吸着させた板電極とし、かつ第1の撥水性多孔質膜と前記空隙電極との間に充電用網状補助正極を配置した正極構造とし、あるいは正極の電解質水溶液と接触する面を金属酸化物とし、
負極は第1族元素または第2族元素で形成された中実電極あるいは炭素製空隙電極板内部や表面の空隙に第1族元素または第2族元素の負極生成物を吸着させた電極であり、かつ前記負電極の周囲を樹脂フィルムで包囲するか、あるいは前記負電極内部に油を含ませた状態にすることにより外界と遮蔽し、かつ
前記電解質水溶液を加圧した状態で充電を行い、充電を完了させた時点で加圧を解除して蓄電状態を維持し、放電時には、前記電解質水容液を加圧して放電を開始させる請求項6および12に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 正極には金属塩化物、電解質水溶液には金属塩化物水溶液を用いた二次電池において、
負極はZn、Mg、Al、NiあるいはPbからなる金属板を備えた単層電池または積層電池とし、
前記電解質水溶液は負極に用いた金属の塩化物とし、かつ単層二次電池では負極と正極の組み合わせがZn、Mg、Al、NiあるいはPbからなる金属から同一金属も含めて任意に選ばれた金属からなり、あるいは、負極が1,2族元素の中実電極あるいは炭素製空隙電極板内部や表面の空隙に1,2族元素を負極生成物として吸着させた電極であり、かつ前記負電極の周囲を樹脂フィルムで包囲するか、あるいは前記負電極内部に油を含ませた状態にすることにより外界と遮蔽し、正極はZn、Mg、Al、NiあるいはPbからなり、
前記電解質水溶液を加圧した状態で充電を行い、負電極に当該金属を析出させ、正電極に当該金属の塩化物を生成させて充電を完了させた時点で前記電解質水溶液の加圧を解除し、かつ正電極室外壁または電池装置全体に金属塩化物を防湿するための覆いを施す請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 二次電池に供される電気化学反応装置であって、正極は、臭素液もしくは沃素粒を混ぜた活性炭または炭素繊維を収納した電極室と、前記密閉容器の前記第1の撥水性多孔質膜と反対側の前記電極室の背面に配置した集電極板とを備え、負極は両性元素、Mgまたは1,2族元素を除くイオン化傾向が水素より大きい金属元素からなる裸板電極であり、電解質水溶液は前記負極に使用される金属元素の臭化物あるいは沃化物の水溶液である請求項12に記載の電気化学反応装置。
- 正極がフッ化グラファイトとされ、負極がAl、K、Naなどからなる二次電池とし、
前記負電極がAlの場合は、前記Alが格納されている電極室は必ずしも外界と遮断されず、前記負電極がKあるいはNaの場合は、これら負電極が格納されている電極室が外界と遮断され、あるいは前記負電極の周囲に油を含ませた状態で外界と遮断され、かつ
電解質水溶液は負電極に使われた金属のフッ化物水溶液として、前記電解質水溶液を加圧した状態で充電を行い、負電極内の金属表面に当該金属を析出させ、正電極ではグラファイトまたはフッ化グラファイト表面にフッ化グラファイトを生成させて充電を完了させた時点で前記電解質水溶液の加圧を解除して蓄電状態を維持し、放電時には、前記電解質水容液を加圧して放電を開始させる機構を有する請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 電気化学キャパシタの内部抵抗を抑え漏れ電流の低減を達成するに際し、
互いに離間して対向配置される正極および負極;
前記正極および負極と接触して配置された、電解質水溶液を封入した密閉容器、ここで、前記密閉容器は前記正極および負極と接触する面が第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜であり;
かつ、前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜からなる前記密閉容器の内部に含空隙導電材料と前記電解質水溶液とを一緒に封入して前記電解質水溶液間の電気抵抗を減少させ; および
前記密閉容器内の前記電解質水溶液を加圧する圧力印加具;
を備え、
充電時および放電時に前記密閉容器内の前記電解質水溶液を、前記圧力印加具により前記第1、第2の撥水性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力を与えて前記電解質水溶液を前記第1、第2の撥水性多孔質膜に侵入させ、
両電極間で電荷の授受を行い、蓄電時に前記圧力印加具による前記電解質水溶液への加圧を解除し両電極間に電荷を蓄える請求項4および請求項6に記載の電気化学反応装置。 - 電解質水溶液を封入した前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜からなる密閉容器の2つの外側面に正極および負極の板電極を設けたキャパシタ構造を有し、前記第1および第2の撥水性多孔質膜製密閉容器に配置した正負電極が板電極、あるいは活性炭、グラファイトまたはナノカーボンからなる電極表面に有機分子を吸着させた電気二重層キャパシタ電極、あるいは電気伝導体の表面に形成した酸化皮膜、導電性ポリマーまたは活性炭からなるレドックスキャパシタ電極、あるいは活性炭、ポリフェノールまたはグラファイトチタン酸リチウムからなるハイブリッドキャパシタ電極を密着させ、充電時には前記電解質水溶液に前記第1および第2の撥液性多孔質膜の耐水圧に等しい圧力を与えて両電極間に電荷を与え、蓄電時は前記電解質水溶液の加圧を解除し、放電時は耐水圧に等しい圧力を与えるキャパシタ装置である請求項6、18に記載の電気化学反応装置。
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JPWO2015034088A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
JP7048143B1 (ja) | 2022-04-05 |
JP6991425B2 (ja) | 2022-01-12 |
EP3042717A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
RU2660125C2 (ru) | 2018-07-05 |
US11459662B2 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
JP6915198B2 (ja) | 2021-08-04 |
RU2016112891A (ru) | 2017-10-09 |
US20190345619A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
CN105579125B (zh) | 2019-04-19 |
EP3042717A4 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
CN110048136B (zh) | 2022-03-18 |
KR20160052560A (ko) | 2016-05-12 |
CN105579125A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
JP7025083B2 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
EP3042717B1 (en) | 2023-06-21 |
JP2020078796A (ja) | 2020-05-28 |
JP2022017342A (ja) | 2022-01-25 |
JP2022064991A (ja) | 2022-04-26 |
WO2015034088A1 (ja) | 2015-03-12 |
US20160186334A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
KR102304978B1 (ko) | 2021-09-24 |
JP2021137807A (ja) | 2021-09-16 |
CN110048136A (zh) | 2019-07-23 |
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