JP6436591B2 - 包装用ポリオレフィンフィルム - Google Patents
包装用ポリオレフィンフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6436591B2 JP6436591B2 JP2016518607A JP2016518607A JP6436591B2 JP 6436591 B2 JP6436591 B2 JP 6436591B2 JP 2016518607 A JP2016518607 A JP 2016518607A JP 2016518607 A JP2016518607 A JP 2016518607A JP 6436591 B2 JP6436591 B2 JP 6436591B2
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Description
本出願は、米国仮出願番号第61/833,980号(2013年6月12日出願)、および第61/907,572号(2013年11月22日出願)に対する優先権を主張し、これらは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
A. ポリオレフィンマトリクス
ポリオレフィンマトリクスは、一般的に、熱可塑性組成物の約60重量%〜約99重量%、一部の実施形態では約60重量%〜約98重量%、および一部の実施形態では約80重量%〜約95重量%を占める。ポリオレフィンは、約100°C〜約220°C、一部の実施形態では約120°C〜約200°C、および一部の実施形態では約140°C〜約180°Cの溶融温度を持ちうる。溶融温度は、ASTM D−3417に従い、示差走査熱量測定(「DSC」)を使用して決定されうる。適切なポリオレフィンには、例えば、エチレンポリマー(例えば、低密度ポリエチレン(「LDPE」)、高密度ポリエチレン(「HDPE」)、直鎖低密度ポリエチレン(「LLDPE」など)、プロピレンホモポリマー(例えば、シンジオタクチック、アタクチック、イソタクチックなど)、プロピレン共重合体などを含みうる。一つの特定実施形態では、ポリマーは、ホモポリプロピレンまたはプロピレンの共重合体など、プロピレンポリマーである。プロピレンポリマーは、例えば、実質的にイソタクチックポリプロピレン・ホモポリマーまたはその他のモノマーを約10重量%以下(すなわち、プロピレンの少なくとも約90重量%)含む共重合体から形成されうる。このようなホモポリマーは、約140°C〜約170°Cの融点を持ちうる。
本明細書で使用される場合、「ナノ包含添加剤」という用語は、ポリマーマトリクス内にナノスケールサイズの個別領域の形態で分散されることのできる材料を一般的に指す。例えば、延伸前に、領域は、約1〜約1000ナノメートル、一部の実施形態では約5〜約800ナノメートル、一部の実施形態では約10〜約500ナノメートル、および一部の実施形態では約20〜約200ナノメートルの平均断面寸法を持ちうる。領域は、楕円形、球形、円筒形、プレート状、管状などのさまざまな異なる形状を持ちうる。一つの実施形態では、領域は実質的に楕円の形状を持つ。ナノ包含添加剤は一般的に、連続相ポリオレフィンマトリクスの重量に基づいて、熱可塑性組成物の約0.05重量%〜約20重量%、一部の実施形態では、約0.1重量%〜約10重量%、および一部の実施形態では約0.5重量%〜約5重量%の量で使用される。熱可塑性組成物全体のナノ包含添加剤の濃度は、同様に、約0.01重量%〜約15重量%、一部の実施形態では約0.05重量%〜約10重量%、および一部の実施形態では約0.3重量%〜約6重量%でありうる。
必要ではないが、本発明の組成物は、マイクロ包含添加剤も用いうる。本明細書で使用される場合、「マイクロ包含添加剤」という用語は、ポリマーマトリクス内にマイクロスケールサイズの個別領域の形態で分散されることのできる任意の材料を一般的に指す。例えば、延伸前に、領域は約0.1μm〜約25μm、一部の実施形態では約0.5μm〜約20μm、および一部の実施形態では約1μm〜約10μmの平均断面寸法を持ちうる。使用された場合、変形および伸長ひずみ(例えば、延伸)を受ける時、マイクロスケールおよびナノスケール相領域はユニークな方法で相互作用して細孔のネットワークを作ることができることを本発明者らは発見した。すなわち、材料の不適合性から生じる応力集中の結果として、伸長ひずみは、マイクロスケールの個別相領域の近くに強い局所的せん断ゾーンおよび/または応力強度ゾーン(例えば、垂直応力)を開始することができる。これらのせん断および/または応力強度ゾーンは、マイクロスケール領域に隣接するポリオレフィンマトリクスにいくらかの初期剥離を生じる。しかし特に、ナノスケール個別相領域の近くに生成された局所的せん断および/または応力強度ゾーンはマイクロスケールゾーンと重複して、ポリマーマトリクスにさらなる剥離を起こし、それによって、ナノスケール領域および/またはマイクロスケール領域に隣接してかなりの数のナノ細孔を生成する。
さまざまな異なる理由で、組成物には多種多様な原料を使用しうる。例えば、一つの特定の実施形態では、熱可塑性組成物に相間修飾剤を使用して、ナノ包含添加剤および/またはマイクロ包含添加剤とポリオレフィンマトリクスの間の摩擦および結合性の程度を減らすのを助け、それにより剥離の程度および均一性を向上させうる。このように、細孔は、組成物全体に渡って実質的に均一な様式で分配されうる。修飾剤は、比較的低い粘度を持ち、熱可塑性組成物により容易に組み込むことができ、ポリマー表面に簡単に移動できるよう、室温(例えば、25°C)で液体または半固体の形態でありうる。ポリオレフィンマトリクスと添加剤との間の界面での物理的力を減らすことによって、修飾剤の低粘度、疎水性の性質が剥離の促進を助けることができると考えられる。本書で使用されるとき、「疎水性」という用語は、一般的に、空気中の水の接触角が約40°以上、一部の場合は約60°以上の材料を指す。対照的に、「親水性」という用語は、一般的に、空気中の水の接触角が約40°未満の材料を指す。接触角の測定のための一つの適切な試験はASTM D5725−99(2008年)である。
熱可塑性組成物を形成するために、成分は典型的には、さまざまな既知の技術のいずれかを使用して混合される。一つの実施形態では、例えば、組成物は別々に、または組み合わせて供給されうる。例えば、組成物は、まず乾燥混合されて基本的に均一な乾燥混合物を形成し、同様に、分散的に材料を混合する溶融処理装置に同時または順番に供給されうる。バッチおよび/または連続溶融処理技術を用いうる。例えば、ミキサー/混練機、バンバリーミキサー、ファレル連続ミキサー、単軸スクリュー押出機、二軸スクリュー押出機、ロールミルなどを使用して、材料を混合し溶融処理しうる。特に適切な溶融処理装置は、共回転、二軸スクリュー押出機(例えば、Werner & Pfleiderer Corporation(ニュージャージー州、ラムジー)から入手可能なZSK−30押出機またはThermo Electron Corp.(イギリス、ストーン)から入手可能なThermo Prism(商標) USALAB 16押出機でありうる。このような押出機は、供給ポートおよび換気ポートを含み、強力な分配・分散混合をもたらす。例えば、成分は二軸スクリュー押出機の同じまたは異なる供給ポートに供給され溶融混合されて、実質的に均一な溶融混合物を形成しうる。必要に応じて、その他の添加剤も、ポリマー溶解物に注入および/または押出機の長さに沿った異なる点で押出機に別々に供給されうる。
吹き込み、鋳造、平ダイス押出しなどを含む、既知の任意の技術を使用して、組成物からフィルムを形成しうる。一つの特定の実施形態では、フィルムは、気体(例えば、空気)を使用し、環状金型を通して押出されたポリマー混合物の気泡を膨張させるインフレーションプロセスによって形成されうる。次に気泡は潰されて平らなフィルムの形態に集められる。インフレーションフィルム製造のプロセスは、例えば、米国特許第3,354,506号(Raley)、第3,650,649号(Schippers)、および第3,801,429号(Schrenkら)、ならびに米国特許出願公開第2005/0245162号(McCormackら)および第2003/0068951号(Boggsら)に記述されている。しかしまた別の実施形態では、フィルムは鋳造技術を使用して形成される。
そのユニークな特性のために、本発明のフィルムは、食品製品、紙製品(例えば、ティッシュ、ワイプ、紙タオルなど)、吸収性物品など、さまざまな物品に使用するための、個別ラップ、包装パウチ、小包フィルム、またはバッグなど、包装フィルムとしての使用に特に適している。吸収性物品に対するさまざまな適切なパウチ、ラップ、またはバック構成が、例えば米国特許第6,716,203号(Soreboら)および第6,380,445号(Moderら)ならびに米国特許出願公開第2003/0116462号(Soreboら)に開示されている。
メルトフローレート:
メルトフローレート(「MFR」)は、一般的に190°C、210°C,または230°Cで、2160グラム/10分の負荷をかけた時、押出レオメーター口(直径0.0825インチ)を通して押出されるポリマーの重量(グラム)である。別段の指示がない限り、メルトフローレートは、Tinius Olsen Extrusion PlastometerでASTM試験方法D1238に従って測定される。
ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、ASTM E1640−09に従って、動的機械分析(DMA)で決定されうる。TA Instruments社のA Q800機器を使用しうる。実験は、張力/張力形状で、−120°C〜150°Cの温度掃引モード、3°C/分の加熱率で実行されうる。歪振動振幅周波数は、試験中、一定(2Hz)に保ちうる。3つの独立サンプルを試験して、平均ガラス転移温度を得るが、これはtan δ曲線の最大値によって定義され、ここでδは、貯蔵弾性率に対する損失弾性率の比(tan δ = E”/E’)として定義される。
フィルムは、引張特性(ピーク応力、係数、破壊ひずみ、および破断時の容積あたりのエネルギー)に対してMTS Synergie200引張フレームで試験しうる。試験はASTM D638−10(約23°C)に従って実施されうる。フィルムサンプルは、試験前に、中央の幅が3.0mmの犬用の骨の形にカットされうる。犬用の骨の形のフィルムサンプルは、MTS Synergie 200装置のグリップを使用して、18.0mmのゲージ長さで定位置に保持されうる。フィルムサンプルは、破断が起こるまで5.0インチ/分のクロスヘッド速度で伸張されうる。各フィルムに対して5つのサンプルを、流れ方向(MD)および幅方向(CD)の両方で試験しうる。コンピュータプログラム(例えば、TestWorks 4)を使用して、試験中のデータを収集し、応力対ひずみ曲線を生成し、それから係数、ピーク応力、伸長、および破断までのエネルギーを含む多くの特性を決定しうる。
密度および空隙容量パーセントを決定するために、延伸の前に、標本の幅(Wi)および厚さ(Ti)が最初に測定されうる。延伸前の長さ(Li)も、標本の表面上の二つのマークの間の距離を測定することによって決定された。その後、標本を延伸して細孔形成を開始しうる。次に、Digimatic Caliper(株式会社ミツトヨ)を使用して、標本の幅(Wf)、厚さ(Tf)、および長さ(Lf)が直近の0.01mmまで測定された。延伸の前の体積(Vi)は、WixTixLi=Viで計算されうる。延伸後の体積(Vf)も、WfxTfxLf=Vfで計算されうる。密度(Pf)は、Ρf=Pi/Φで計算され、ここでは、Piは前駆材料の密度であり、空隙容量パーセント(%Vv)は、%Vv=(1-1/Φ)x100で計算されうる。
静水圧試験は、静圧下の液体水による貫通に対する材料の抵抗の尺度であり、AATCC試験方法127−2008に従って実施される。各標本に対する結果は、平均されセンチメートル(cm)で記録される。高い値は水の貫通に対する抵抗がより高いことを示す。
材料のWVTRを決定するために使用される試験は、材料の性質に基づいて変わりうる。WVTR値を測定するための一つの技術は、ASTM E96/96M−12、手順Bである。別の方法にはINDA試験手順IST−70.4(01)の使用を伴う。INDA試験手順は以下のように要約される。恒久的ガードフィルムおよび試験されるサンプル材料によって、ドライチャンバーが既知の温度と湿度でウェットチャンバーから分離される。ガードフィルムの目的は、明確な空隙を定義し、空隙が特徴化される間に空隙の空気を静めるまたは鎮静化することである。乾燥チャンバー、ガードフィルム、および湿潤チャンバーは、その中に試験フィルムが密封される拡散セルを構成する。サンプルホルダーは、Mocon/Modem Controls, Inc.(ミネソタ州、ミネアポリス)社製のPermatran−Wモデル100Kとして知られている。第一の試験は、ガードフィルムおよび100%相対的湿度を生成する蒸発器組立品の間の空隙のWVTRから成る。水蒸気は空隙およびガードフィルムを通して拡散し、水蒸気濃度に比例する乾燥ガスの流れと混ざり合う。電気信号が処理のためにコンピュータに送られる。コンピュータは、空隙およびガードフィルムの透過速度を計算し、その値を将来使用するために保存する。
F = 水蒸気の流れ(cm3/分)
ρsat(T) = 温度Tでの飽和空気中の水の密度
RH = セルの特定の場所での相対湿度
A = セルの断面積
Psat(T) = 温度Tでの水蒸気の飽和蒸気圧。
Claims (27)
- 熱可塑性組成物を含むフィルムであって、前記組成物が、ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーを含む連続相、並びに個別領域の形態で前記連続相内に分散されている高分子ナノ包含添加剤及び高分子マイクロ包含添加剤を含有し、
前記高分子ナノ包含添加剤がナノスケール領域の形態であり、前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤がマイクロスケール領域の形態であり、
前記組成物中に画定される多孔質ネットワークが、前記ナノスケール領域および/または前記マイクロスケール領域に隣接する複数のナノ細孔を含み、前記ナノ細孔が800ナノメートル以下の平均断面寸法を持つフィルム。 - 前記ナノ細孔が5〜700ナノメートルの平均断面寸法を持つ、および/またはナノ細孔が100〜5000ナノメートル、の平均軸方向寸法を持つ、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーが、2160グラムの負荷および230°CでASTM D1238に従って測定された場合、0.5〜80グラム/10分のメルトフローレートを持つ、請求項1または2に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーが、プロピレンホモポリマー、プロピレン/α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン/α−オレフィン共重合体、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーが実質的にイソタクチックポリプロピレンホモポリマーまたは少なくとも90重量%のプロピレンを含む共重合体である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記連続相が、前記熱可塑性組成物の60重量%〜99重量%を構成する、および/または前記高分子ナノ包含添加剤が、前記連続相の重量に基づいて、前記組成物の0.05重量%〜20重量%を構成する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子ナノ包含添加剤のポリマーが非極性成分を持つ、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリマーが極性成分をさらに含む、請求項7に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリマーが官能性ポリオレフィンである、請求項8に記載のフィルム。
- 前記官能性ポリオレフィンがポリエポキシドである、請求項9に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子ナノ包含添加剤が、2160グラムの負荷および溶融温度より少なくとも40°C高い温度でASTM D1238に従って測定された場合、0.1〜100グラム/10分のメルトフローレートを持つ、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子ナノ包含添加剤のメルトフローレートに対する前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーのメルトフローレートの比が0.2〜8である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ナノスケール領域が1ナノメートル〜1000ナノメートルの平均断面寸法を持つ、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤の前記ポリマーがスチレン共重合体、フッ素ポリマー、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、またはポリエステルである、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤のポリマーがポリ乳酸である、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤の前記ポリマーが、0°C以上のガラス転移温度を持つ、および/または前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤が、2160グラムの負荷および210°Cの温度で測定された場合、5〜200グラム/10分のメルトフローレートを持つ、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーのメルトフローレートに対する前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤のメルトフローレートの比が0.5〜10である、および/または前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤のヤング弾性係数に対する前記ポリオレフィンマトリクスポリマーのヤング弾性係数の比が1〜250である、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記マイクロスケール領域が、1マイクロメートル〜400マイクロメートルの平均軸方向寸法を持つ、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記高分子マイクロ包含添加剤が、前記連続相の重量に基づいて、前記組成物の1重量%〜30重量%を構成する、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 前記熱可塑性組成物が相間修飾剤をさらに含む、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記多孔質ネットワークがマイクロ細孔をさらに含む、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記多孔質ネットワークが前記組成物の全体にわたって実質的に均一な形態で分配されている、および/または前記ナノ細孔が略平行なカラムに分配されている、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記組成物の合計細孔容量が立方センチメートル当たり15%〜80%である、および/またはナノ細孔が前記組成物の合計細孔容量の20容量%以上を構成する、請求項1から22のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記熱可塑性組成物が0.90g/cm3以下の密度を持つ、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記フィルムが300g/m2/24時間以上の水蒸気透過速度を持つ、請求項1から24のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記フィルムがコア層および少なくとも一つの外層を含む多層フィルムであり、前記コア層、前記外層、または両方が前記熱可塑性組成物を含む、請求項1から25のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記フィルムがインフレーションフィルムまたはキャストフィルムである、請求項1から26のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
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US61/907,572 | 2013-11-22 | ||
PCT/IB2014/062020 WO2014199271A1 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-06-06 | Polyolefin film for use in packaging |
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JP2016521784A JP2016521784A (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
JP2016521784A5 JP2016521784A5 (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
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JP2016518606A Withdrawn JP2016526959A (ja) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-06-06 | 多孔質ポリオレフィンフィルムを含む吸収性物品 |
JP2016518604A Withdrawn JP2016523293A (ja) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-06-06 | 低密度を有するポリオレフィン材料 |
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JP2016518606A Withdrawn JP2016526959A (ja) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-06-06 | 多孔質ポリオレフィンフィルムを含む吸収性物品 |
JP2016518604A Withdrawn JP2016523293A (ja) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-06-06 | 低密度を有するポリオレフィン材料 |
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EP (3) | EP3008118B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP6436591B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR102353019B1 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN105246443B (ja) |
AU (3) | AU2014279792B2 (ja) |
BR (3) | BR112015030556B1 (ja) |
MX (3) | MX2015016237A (ja) |
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