JP6136266B2 - 複合半透膜 - Google Patents
複合半透膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6136266B2 JP6136266B2 JP2012515240A JP2012515240A JP6136266B2 JP 6136266 B2 JP6136266 B2 JP 6136266B2 JP 2012515240 A JP2012515240 A JP 2012515240A JP 2012515240 A JP2012515240 A JP 2012515240A JP 6136266 B2 JP6136266 B2 JP 6136266B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- composite semipermeable
- semipermeable membrane
- membrane
- acid
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 168
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 carbodiimide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 31
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000538 analytical sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJXCFMJTJYCLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C=O)C(F)=C1F QJXCFMJTJYCLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical class O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- WJXSWCUQABXPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=C(O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O WJXSWCUQABXPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J ruthenium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)(Cl)Cl IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- POGSZHUEECCEAP-ZETCQYMHSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(N)=C1 POGSZHUEECCEAP-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSYLKWSCFRLSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(N)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2N HSYLKWSCFRLSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMBFNDRKYCJLNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CCCN1CCCCC1 AMBFNDRKYCJLNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMZADTYXMKZVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyldiazenyl-2h-naphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1(N)N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 OMZADTYXMKZVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPMMJSPGZSFEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminophenol;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC1=CC=C(O)C([NH3+])=C1 VPMMJSPGZSFEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLXBOUUYEFOFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diaminobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound NC1=CC(O)=C(N)C=C1O RLXBOUUYEFOFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLZVIIYRNMWPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1O VLZVIIYRNMWPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOPJTDJKZNWLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1O DOPJTDJKZNWLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZARYBZGMUVAJMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1O ZARYBZGMUVAJMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWFNPENEBHAHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-chlorophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1O SWFNPENEBHAHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(O)=C1 ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHPXYZMDLOJTFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O RHPXYZMDLOJTFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKNIBYXWQUDIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(N)=C1 KNKNIBYXWQUDIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCTAOQGPWNTYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O YCTAOQGPWNTYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHVPTERSBUMMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminonaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(N)=CC2=C1 ZHVPTERSBUMMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 CWLKGDAVCFYWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018563 3-aminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQIKKETXZQDHGE-FOCLMDBBSA-N 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 KQIKKETXZQDHGE-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPYROBMRMXHROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diaminobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(O)C=C1O DPYROBMRMXHROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNBOSJFEZZJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 UNBOSJFEZZJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHODQVWERNSQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Amino-2-nitrophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WHODQVWERNSQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDSPKICAQDKJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(3,5-dibromopyridin-2-yl)diazenyl]benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=NC=C(Br)C=C1Br NDSPKICAQDKJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLNTVTDTBKPTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)diazenyl]benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1 WLNTVTDTBKPTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUVJHNFJIZDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3-[(2,4-diamino-5-methylphenyl)diazenyl]-4-methylphenyl]diazenyl]-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C=C(C(C)=CC=2)N=NC=2C(=CC(N)=C(C)C=2)N)=C1N ZGUVJHNFJIZDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVRIUXYMUSKBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BVRIUXYMUSKBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGQFCTZXVAPVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(C)=CC(N)=C21 UGQFCTZXVAPVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXCMFQDTWCCLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=C(O)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 RXCMFQDTWCCLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminosalicylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWRVPXDHSLTIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 IWRVPXDHSLTIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IICHURGZQPGTRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 IICHURGZQPGTRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBFYESDCPWWCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1O DBFYESDCPWWCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBZVNWNSRNTWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C(O)C2=CC(N)=CC=C21 HBZVNWNSRNTWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVVDKUPCWXUVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Aminosalicylate sodium anhydrous Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C(O)=C1 FVVDKUPCWXUVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOEADYYICZVJDD-FOCLMDBBSA-N Nc1ccc(cc1)\N=N\c1ccc(cc1)[As](O)(O)=O Chemical compound Nc1ccc(cc1)\N=N\c1ccc(cc1)[As](O)(O)=O DOEADYYICZVJDD-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEOMLMXTPBPKHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=C(N)C=CC(=C1)OC.NC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C Chemical compound OC1=C(N)C=CC(=C1)OC.NC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C XEOMLMXTPBPKHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLCDQSGLLRINHY-VHEBQXMUSA-N Yellow AB Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 KLCDQSGLLRINHY-VHEBQXMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWAXUOGZOSVGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CCCCC(Cl)=O PWAXUOGZOSVGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004909 aminosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006149 azo coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDFZFGDTHFGWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N basic brown 1 Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C(=CC(N)=CC=2)N)=C1 BDFZFGDTHFGWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWOVNGQYQVFLI-ISLYRVAYSA-N c1cc(OCC)ccc1\N=N\c1ccc(N)cc1N Chemical compound c1cc(OCC)ccc1\N=N\c1ccc(N)cc1N GAWOVNGQYQVFLI-ISLYRVAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AKXTUELRIVKQSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,2,3-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CC(C(Cl)=O)C1C(Cl)=O AKXTUELRIVKQSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCCC1 MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIZMBMVNMBMUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CC(C(Cl)=O)CC(C(Cl)=O)C1 HIZMBMVNMBMUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMPOZLHMGVKUEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(Cl)=O WMPOZLHMGVKUEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYGRIMFNUFCHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;4-methyl-6-phenyldiazenylbenzene-1,3-diamine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1N SYGRIMFNUFCHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesalamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004963 mesalazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUQGUKHJXFDUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(Cl)=O)C(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 WUQGUKHJXFDUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCOC1C(Cl)=O LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QXYMVUZOGFVPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N picramic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O QXYMVUZOGFVPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-1-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCN1CCNCC1 GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1216—Three or more layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00931—Chemical modification by introduction of specific groups after membrane formation, e.g. by grafting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/205—Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494
- B01D2252/2053—Other nitrogen compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
基材と多孔性支持体とからなる微多孔性支持膜上にポリアミド分離機能層を形成してなる複合半透膜であって、温度変調DSC法を用いて測定した初期昇温過程における−20〜150℃の範囲での該ポリアミド分離機能層の不可逆的吸熱量が275J/g以上である複合半透膜、である。
励起X線 :アルミニウム Kα1,Kα2線(1486.6eV)
X線出力 :10kV 20mV
光電子脱出角度:35°
データ処理は中性炭素(CHx)のC1sピーク位置を284.6eVに合わせる。
ポリエステル基材をベンジルアルコールに溶解後、クロロホルムを加えて0.1規定の水酸化カリウム/ベンジルアルコール溶液で滴定することにより測定した。
複合半透膜に、濃度2,000ppm、温度25℃、pH7に調整した塩化ナトリウム水溶液を操作圧力1.55MPaで供給するときの透過水塩濃度を測定することにより、次式により求めた。
[膜透過流束]
複合半透膜に、濃度2,000ppm、温度25℃、pH7に調整した塩化ナトリウム水溶液を操作圧力1.55MPaで供給し、膜面1平方メートル当たり、1日の透水量(立方メートル)から膜透過流束(m3/m2/day)を求めた。
複合半透膜をpH13の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液とpH1の硫酸水溶液とにそれぞれ1時間ずつ室温で浸漬する操作を20サイクル繰り返し、その前後での脱塩率の変化から求めた。
なお、SPとは物質透過(Substance Permeation)の略である。
複合半透膜から基材を物理的に剥離・除去した後、多孔性支持体をジクロロメタンによって抽出除去してポリアミド分離機能層の分析試料を作製した。得られた分析試料を温度変調DSC法により分析し、初期昇温過程における−20〜150℃の範囲での不可逆成分の吸熱量(J/g)を3回の測定の平均値として求めた。
ポリアミド分離機能層中の官能基量は、X線光電子分光法(ESCA)を用いて定量を行った。一級アミンや二級アミンなどのアミノ基濃度、フェノール性水酸基濃度およびカルボキシ基濃度については、ラベル化試薬による気相化学修飾法により求めた。ラベル化試薬としては、一級アミンに対してはペンタフルオロベンズアルデヒドを用い、フェノール性水酸基とアミノ基に対しては無水トリフルオロ酢酸を用いた。
ポリエステル樹脂と1.0重量%のN,N−ジ−2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニルカルボジイミド(末端封鎖剤)とを紡糸してフィラメントとし、それを移動するネットコンベア上に繊維ウェブとして捕集した。捕集した繊維ウェブをフラットロールで圧着してポリエステル不織布(通気度0.5〜1cc/cm2/sec)を作製した。得られた不織布上にポリスルホンの15.7重量%DMF溶液を200μmの厚みで室温(25℃)でキャストし、ただちに純水中に浸漬して5min間放置することによって微多孔性支持膜を作製した。
界面重縮合後の洗浄溶液を0.05Mの硫酸にしたこと以外は比較例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
界面重縮合後の洗浄水の温度を50℃にしたこと以外は比較例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
界面重縮合後の洗浄溶液を20重量%のエタノールにしたこと以外は比較例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
界面重縮合後の洗浄水の温度を43℃にしたこと以外は比較例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
界面重縮合後の洗浄水の温度を38℃にしたこと以外は比較例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
ポリエステル不織布の作製時に末端封鎖剤を使用しないこと以外は実施例4と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
ポリエステル不織布の作製時の末端封鎖剤の濃度が0.5重量%であること以外は実施例4と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
比較例1において、界面重縮合後の洗浄水の温度を70℃として複合半透膜を作製した。この複合半透膜を、硫酸によりpH3に調整した2,500mg/Lの亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液(30℃)と45sec間接触させた。その後、精製水で過剰の試薬を洗浄し、亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(1,000mg/L)中に3min間浸漬し、複合半透膜を得た。
界面重縮合後の洗浄水の温度を80℃にしたこと以外は実施例7と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、脱塩率、膜透過流束、吸熱量、耐薬品性はそれぞれ表1に示す通りであった。
Claims (4)
- 基材と多孔性支持体とからなる微多孔性支持膜と、前記多孔性支持膜上のポリアミド分離機能層とを有する複合半透膜であって、
温度変調DSC法を用いて測定した初期昇温過程における−20〜150℃の範囲での該ポリアミド分離機能層の不可逆的吸熱量が275J/g以上であり、
前記ポリアミド分離機能層がカルボキシ基、アミノ基、フェノール性水酸基、アゾ基を有し、
前記ポリアミド分離機能層におけるこれら官能基のうちカルボキシ基を除く官能基中のアミノ基割合が0.5以下である複合半透膜。 - 該基材がポリエステルにより形成されており、該基材におけるポリエステルのカルボン酸末端基数が20eq/t以下である請求項1に記載の複合半透膜。
- 該基材におけるポリエステルのカルボン酸末端基の一部が末端封鎖剤により封鎖されている請求項2に記載の複合半透膜。
- 該末端封鎖剤がカルボジイミド化合物、オキサゾリン化合物およびエポキシ化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項3に記載の複合半透膜。
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JPWO2012090862A1 (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
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US20170203262A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
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