JP5752136B2 - スピロ−オキシインドール化合物のための合成方法 - Google Patents
スピロ−オキシインドール化合物のための合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5752136B2 JP5752136B2 JP2012534362A JP2012534362A JP5752136B2 JP 5752136 B2 JP5752136 B2 JP 5752136B2 JP 2012534362 A JP2012534362 A JP 2012534362A JP 2012534362 A JP2012534362 A JP 2012534362A JP 5752136 B2 JP5752136 B2 JP 5752136B2
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- acid
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/20—Spiro-condensed systems
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Description
本願は、米国特許法第119条(e)項の下、2009年10月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/251,335号の利益を主張する。この米国仮特許出願の全体の内容は、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本発明は、特定のスピロ−オキシインドール化合物ならびに上記化合物と関連する種々の中間体を調製するための改善された方法に関する。特に、本発明は、スピロ−オキシインドール化合物およびこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を調製する方法に関し、上記化合物は、ナトリウムチャネル媒介性疾患もしくは状態(例えば、疼痛)、ならびにナトリウムチャネルの媒介と関連する他の疾患および状態を処置するにあたって有用である。
ナトリウムチャネルは、正常なおよび病的な状態を媒介するにおける多様なセットの役割(電位開口型ナトリウムチャネルが異常な神経活動および神経障害疼痛もしくは病的疼痛の生成において果たす長期に認識されている役割を含む)を果たす。外傷もしくは疾患後の末梢神経に対する損傷は、ナトリウムチャネル活性に対する変化および異常な求心性活動の発生(軸索切断した求心性神経からの異所性発射および感作されたインタクトな侵害受容器の自発的活動性を含む)を生じ得る。これら変化は、通常は特に害のない刺激に対する長期間続く異常な感覚過敏、すなわち異痛症を生じ得る。神経障害性疼痛の例としては、帯状疱疹後後神経痛、三叉神経痛、糖尿病性神経障害、慢性腰痛、幻肢痛、ならびに癌および化学療法から生じる疼痛、慢性骨盤痛、複合性局所疼痛症候群および関連する神経痛が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明は、特定のスピロ−オキシインドール化合物を、単一の立体異性体もしくは単一の鏡像異性体またはこれらの混合物として、あるいはその薬学的に受容可能な塩として調製するための方法に関する。これら化合物は、ナトリウムチャネル媒介性疾患および状態(例えば、疼痛)を処置することにおいて有用である。
ここで上記方法は、式(8)の化合物:
ここで上記方法は、式(15)の化合物:
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
式(I)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、単一の立体異性体もしくは鏡像異性体またはその混合物として調製する方法であって、
ここで該方法は、式(8)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、式(9)の化合物:
;
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩で、適切な条件下で処理して、該式(I)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、単一の立体異性体もしくは鏡像異性体またはその混合物として得る工程、
を包含する、方法。
(項目2)
式(8)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目1に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(7)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、塩基で、適切な条件下で処理して、該式(8)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目3)
前記式(7)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目2に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(6)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、標準的な光延反応条件下で処理して、該式(7)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目4)
前記式(6)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目3に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(5)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、アルデヒドで、適切な条件下で処理して、該式(6)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目5)
前記式(5)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目4に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(4)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を適切な条件下で処理して、該式(5)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目6)
前記式(4)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目5に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、
a)式(2)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩と、式(3)のグリニャール試薬:
b)該a)の中間生成物と、式(1)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩とを、適切な条件下で反応させて、該式(4)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目7)
前記式(I)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を適切な条件下で分離して、式(I−S)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、および式(I−R)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を得る工程をさらに包含する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
式(II)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、単一の立体異性体もしくは鏡像異性体またはその混合物として調製する方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(15)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、式(16)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩で、適切な条件下で処理して、該式(II)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、単一の立体異性体もしくは鏡像異性体またはその混合物として得る工程を包含する、方法。
(項目9)
前記式(15)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩の調製をさらに含む項目8に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(14)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を、アルキル化剤で適切な条件下で処理して、該式(15)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目10)
前記式(14)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩の調製をさらに含む項目9に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(13)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を適切な条件下で処理して、該式(14)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目11)
前記式(13)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩の調製をさらに含む項目10に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、
a)式(12)の化合物:
と式(3)のグリニャール試薬:
とを適切な条件下で反応させて、中間生成物を形成する工程;および
b)該a)の中間生成物と、式(1)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩とを適切な条件下で反応させて、該式(13)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目12)
前記式(12)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩の調製をさらに含む項目11に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(11)の化合物:
を酸化剤で適切な条件下で処理して、該式(12)の化合物もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目13)
前記式(11)の化合物の調製をさらに含む項目12に記載の方法であって、ここで該方法は、式(10)の化合物:
を適切なアルキル化剤で適切な条件下で処理して、該式(11)の化合物を形成する工程を包含する、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
式(II)の化合物を適切な条件下で分離して、式(II−S)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩;および式(II−R)の化合物:
もしくはその薬学的に受容可能な塩を得る工程をさらに包含する、項目8に記載の方法。
(定義)
本明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲において使用される場合、そうでないと特定されなければ、以下の用語は、以下に示される意味を有する:
「アミノ」とは、−NH2置換基をいう。
(i)哺乳動物において、特に、このような哺乳動物が、上記状態に対する素因があるが、上記状態を有すると未だ診断されていない場合に、上記疾患もしくは状態が起こらないように予防すること;
(ii)上記疾患もしくは状態を阻害すること(すなわち、その発症を抑えること);
(iii)上記疾患もしくは状態を緩和すること(すなわち、上記疾患もしくは状態の退縮を引き起こすこと);または
(iv)上記疾患もしくは状態から生じる症状を緩和すること(すなわち、上記根底にある疾患もしくは状態に対処せずに、疼痛を緩和すること)。
発明の要旨において上記で記載される発明の種々の局面のうち、本明細書で開示される方法の特定の実施形態は、好ましい。
本発明の方法は、本明細書に記載されるように、式(I)および式(II)の化合物、ならびに上記式(I−S)、式(I−R)、式(II−S)および/もしくは式(II−R)の化合物、もしくはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を調製するための方法に関する。
式(I)、式(I−S)および式(I−R)の化合物は、反応スキーム1において以下に記載されるように調製される:
式(II)、式(II−S)および式(II−R)の化合物は、反応スキーム2において以下に詳細に記載されるように調製される:
(3−ヒドロキシ−3−(6−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ベンゾジオキソール−5−イル)−1,3−ジヒドロ−2H−インドール−2−オンの合成)
式(4)の化合物:
(2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ヘンゾジオキシン−6−オールの合成)
式(12)の化合物
(3−ヒドロキシ−3−(7−ヒドロキシ−2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−6−イル)−1,3−ジヒドロ−2H−インドール−2−オンの合成)
式(13)の化合物
(3−(7−ヒドロキシ−2,3−ジヒドロ−1,4−ベンゾジオキシン−6−イル)−1,3−ジヒドロ−2H−インドール−2−オンの合成)
式(14)の化合物
(2,3−ジヒドロスピロ[フロ[2,3−g][1,4]ベンゾジオキシン−8,3’−インドール]−2’(1’H)−オンの合成)
式(15)の化合物
(1’−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)−2−フリル]メチル}スピロ[フロ[2,3−f][1,3]ベンゾジオキソール−7,3’−インドール]−2’(1’H)−オンの合成)
式(I)の化合物
(キラルHPLCによる式(I)の化合物の分離)
上記式(I)の化合物を、上記式(I−S)の化合物および上記式(I−R)の化合物へと、キラルHPLCによって以下の条件下で分離した:
カラム:Chiralcel(登録商標) OJ−RH;20mm 内径 ×250mm,5ミクロン;Lot: OJRH CJ−EH001(Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd)
溶出液:アセトニトリル/水(60/40,v/v,均一濃度)
流速:10mL/分
稼働時間:60分
装填:1mLのアセトニトリル中に100mgの式(I)の化合物
温度:周囲
上記のキラルHPLC条件下で、上記式(I−R)の化合物、すなわち、(R)−1’−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)フラン−2−イル]メチル}スピロ[フロ[2,3−f][1,3]−ベンゾジオキソール−7,3’−インドール]−2’(1’H)−オンを、第1の画分として白色固体として単離した;ee(鏡像異性体過剰)>99%(分析OJ−RH,水中に55% アセトニトリル); mp 103−105℃;
(式(I)の化合物のSMBクロマトグラフィーによる分離)
上記式(I)の化合物を、上記式(I−S)の化合物および上記式(I−R)の化合物へと、SMBクロマトグラフィーによって以下の条件下で分離した:
抽出:147.05mL/分
ラフィネート:86.13mL/分
溶出液:183.18mL/分
供給:50mL/分
再循環:407.88mL/分
稼働時間:0.57分
温度:25℃
圧力:55bar。
(1’−{[3−(トリフルオロメチル)ピリジン−2−イル]メチル}−2,3−ジヒドロスピロ[フロ[2,3−g][1,4]ベンゾジオキシン−8,3’−インドール]−2’(1’H)−オンの合成)
式(II)の化合物
(式(II)の化合物のSMBクロマトグラフィーによる分離)
上記式(II)の化合物を、上記式(II−S)の化合物および上記式(II−R)の化合物へと、SMBクロマトグラフィーによって以下の条件下で分離した:
抽出:182.67mL/分
ラフィネート:67.44mL/分
溶出:224.11mL/分
供給:26.0mL/分
再循環:420mL/分
稼働時間:1.05分
温度:25℃
圧力:50〜55bar
上記供給溶液(1.0Lの移動相(97:3(v:v)ジクロロメタン/アセトンの混合物)中の68.4gの式(II)の化合物)を、上記SMBシステム(Novasep Licosep Lab Unit)へと連続して注入した。上記システムは、定常相としてChiralPAK(登録商標)−ICの110g(カラムあたり,10.0cm,4.8cm内径)を含む2−2−2−2構成において8個の同一のカラムを備えていた。上記式(II−R)の化合物は、ラフィネートストリーム中に含まれており、上記式(I−S)の化合物は、抽出ストリーム中に含まれていた。
本明細書に記載される発明が、より十分に理解され得るように、以下の生物学的アッセイを、本明細書において調製される化合物の有用性を実証するために示す。この実施例は例示目的に過ぎず、本発明を限定するとしていかなる様式においても解釈されるべきでないことが理解されるべきである。
(グアニジンインフラックスアッセイ(インビトロアッセイ))
この実施例は、内因性に発現された起源もしくは異種で発現された起源のいずれかの細胞において安定に発現された、ヒトもしくはラットの電位開口型ナトリウムチャネルに対する試験薬剤を試験し、かつプロファイリングするためのインビトロアッセイを記載する。このアッセイはまた、電位開口型ナトリウムチャネルを調節する(好ましくは、ブロックする)化合物のIC50を決定するために有用である。上記アッセイは、Reddy,N.L.,ら,J.Med.Chem.(1998),41(17):3298−302によって記載されるグアニジンインフラックスアッセイに基づく。
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