JP5357014B2 - サージ電流保護を伴う半導体デバイスとその製造方法 - Google Patents
サージ電流保護を伴う半導体デバイスとその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明はアメリカ合衆国政府の助成により空軍研究所承認番号F33615−02−D−2103の下でなされた。米国政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
n型SiC半導体基板層上のn型SiC半導体材料の層上のp型SiC半導体材料の層を選択的エッチングしてデバイスの中央部の下層のn型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
p型半導体材料の層およびn型SiC半導体材料の層を選択的エッチングしてデバイスの周辺部の下層のn型SiC半導体基板層を露出し、
これにより、側壁及び上面を有する基板層上にn型SiC半導体材料の突出領域、およびn型半導体材料の上面の周辺部上のp型SiC半導体材料の連続した突出領域によって囲まれたn型SiC半導体材料の上面の中央部上に離散p型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の突出領域を含むメサ構造を形成し、
デバイスを熱酸化してp型SiC半導体材料の未エッチング面上およびn型半導体材料の突出領域の側壁および露出した半導体基板材料を含むデバイスのエッチング面上に酸化膜層を形成し、
酸化膜層上に絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層を形成してもよく、
酸化膜層および離散p型領域上および連続突出層上のいずれかの絶縁材料の層を選択的エッチングして下層のp型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
酸化膜層および露出したn型SiC半導体材料上のいずれかの絶縁材料の層を選択的エッチングしてデバイスの中央部の下層のn型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
離散p型領域の露出したp型SiC半導体材料上およびp型半導体材料の連続突出領域の露出したp型SiC半導体材料上にオーミックコンタクトを形成し、
オーミックコンタクト上および露出したn型SiC半導体材料上にショットキー金属を蒸着することを含む半導体デバイスの製造方法が提供される。
n型SiC半導体材料の離散突出領域が上面および側壁を有し且つn型SiC半導体基板層が側壁を超えて拡張する、SiC半導体基板層上のn型SiC半導体材料の離散突出領域、
n型SiC半導体材料の上面の中央部上のp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域、
n型SiC半導体材料の上面の周辺部上にあって且つp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域を取り囲むp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域であって、p型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域が周辺部周縁を有する領域、
p型SiCの1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域およびp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域上のオーミックコンタクト、
n型SiC半導体材料の離散領域の周辺部を超えて拡張するSiC半導体基板層上およびn型領域の側壁上およびp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域の周辺部周縁上の絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層、および
p型SiCの1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域上のオーミックコンタクト、p型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域上のオーミックコンタクト、およびn型SiC半導体材料の領域上にあって且つこれとコンタクトする第1の金属層を含む半導体デバイスが提供される。
1.エピタキシャルスタックの成長
2.p型層(3)をn型層(2)まで選択的プラズマエッチダウンしてp型アイランドを形成し、さらにp型層(3)およびn型層(2)をn型基板(1)まで選択的プラズマエッチダウンしてデバイスメサを形成した後、熱酸化し、またさらなる絶縁層を任意に蒸着して絶縁スタック(4)を形成する。熱酸化手順はSiCのプラズマエッチングにより引き起こされる表面損傷を除去する。
3.n型基板(1)の背面上でのオーミックコンタクト(5)の形成によりn型材料とのオーミックコンタクトを生成した後、p型アイランド上にオーミックコンタクト(6)を選択的に形成してp型材料とのオーミックコンタクトを生成する。
4.ショットキーコンタクト(7)および正面の最終金属(8)の蒸着により金属スタック(7〜8)を生成した後、背面の最終金属(9)を蒸着して背面をメタライゼーションする。
4H−SiC PINダイオードを、VB=600Vにおける最大平面接合電界E1DMAX=1.8MV/cmとなるようデザインし、周縁終端にメサエッチングを用いた電圧遮断層によって二次加工した。二次加工終了後、Keithley237SMUおよびTektronix576カーブトレーサーを用い、Fluorinert(商標)においてオン・ウェーハI−V測定を実施した。いずれの種類の周縁終端を有するデバイスとも、可逆的ななだれ降伏を示した。図6は、Tektronix576カーブトレーサーを用いてメサ終端ダイオード上で測定した非破壊的なだれ降伏を例示する。25V刻みで逆バイアス電圧を上昇させながら、降伏電圧のウェーハスケール測定を実施した。典型的なVBマップを図7Aに示す。次に、測定したエピパラメータおよび降伏電圧より、以下の式を用いて最大1−D電界EIDMAXを抽出した。
[1] BJ. Baliga, "Analysis of a high-voltage merged p-i-n/Schottky (MPS) rectifier,"IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 9, Sep. 1987 pp.:407 -409
[2] W.V. Muench and I. Plaffeneder: "Breakdown field in vapor-grown silicon carbide p-n junctions," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 48, No. 1 1, November 1977
[3] V.E. Chelnokov, A.M. Strel'chuk, P.A. Ivanov; G. Lentz, C. Parniere: "Silicon carbide p-n structures as power rectifiers," Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, 1994. ISPSD '94, pp.: 253- 256
[4] K.V. Vasilevskki, K. Zekentes, A.V. Zorenko, and L.P. Romanov: "Experimental Determination of Electron Drift Velocity in 4H-SiC p+-n-n+ Avalanche Diodes," . IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 21, No. 10, October 2000 pp.: 485-487
[5] L. Yuan, J.A. Cooper, Jr., M.R. Melloch, and KJ. Webb: "Experimental
Demonstration of a Silicon Carbide IMPATT Oscillator," IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 22, No. 6, June 2001, pp.: 266-268
[6] D.T. Morisette and J.A. Cooper, Jr: "Theoretical Comparison of SiC PiN and
Schottky Diodes Based on Power Dissipation Considerations," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 49, No. 9, September 2002, pp.: 1657-1664
[7] I. Sankin, J.B. Casady, "Power SiC MOSFETs," book chapter: Advances in Silicon Carbide Processing and Applications, S. E. Saddow and A. Agrawal, Editors
[8] H. Saitoh, T. Kimoto, and H. Matsunami: "Origin of Leakage current in SiC
Schottky Barrier Diodes at High Temperature," Material Science Forum VoIs. 457- 460 (2004) pp. 997-1000
[9] A.O. Konstantinov, Q. Wahab, N. Nordell, U. Lindefelt: "Ionization rates and critical fields in 4H silicon carbide," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 71, No. 1, 7 July 1997, pp.: 90-92
2 エピタキシャル成長SiC層(n型)。この層の代表的な厚さは0.75μm〜100μmとし、代表的なドーピング濃度は5×1014〜1×1017cm−3とすることができる。
3 エピタキシャル成長SiC層(p型)。この層の代表的な厚さは0.2〜5μmとし、代表的なドーピング濃度は>5×1018cm−3とすることができる。
4 単層あるいは多層絶縁スタック。
5 n型SiC材料とのオーミックコンタクト
6 p型SiC材料とのオーミックコンタクト
7 ショットキーコンタクト
8 正面の最終的メタライゼーション
9 背面の最終メタライゼーション
Claims (18)
- n型SiC半導体基板層上のn型SiC半導体材料の層上のp型SiC半導体材料の層を選択的エッチングしてデバイスの中央部の下層のn型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
且つ
前記のp型半導体材料の層および前記のn型SiC半導体材料の層を選択的エッチングして前記デバイスの周辺部の下層のn型SiC半導体基板層を露出し、
これにより、側壁及び上面を有する基板層上にn型SiC半導体材料の突出領域、および前記n型半導体材料の上面の周辺部上のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域によって囲まれた前記n型SiC半導体材料の前記上面の中央部上にp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域を含むメサ構造を形成し、
前記デバイスを熱酸化してp型SiC半導体材料の未エッチング面上および前記のn型半導体材料の突出領域の前記側壁および前記の露出した半導体基板材料を含む前記デバイスのエッチング面上に酸化膜層を形成し、
前記酸化膜層および前記離散p型領域上および前記連続突出領域上のいずれかの絶縁材料の層を選択的エッチングして下層のp型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
前記酸化膜層および前記の露出したn型SiC半導体材料上のいずれかの絶縁材料の層を選択的エッチングして前記デバイスの前記中央部の下層のn型SiC半導体材料を露出し、
前記離散p型領域の露出したp型SiC半導体材料上および前記のp型半導体材料の連続突出領域の露出したp型SiC半導体材料上にオーミックコンタクトを形成し、
前記オーミックコンタクト上および前記の露出したn型SiC半導体材料上にショットキー金属を蒸着することを含む前記半導体デバイスの製造方法。 - 前記酸化膜層上に絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ショットキー金属上に金属層を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記n型半導体材料層の反対側の前記半導体基板層上にオーミックコンタクトを蒸着することをさらに含む、請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体基板層上の前記オーミックコンタクト上に金属層を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記n型SiC基板層が>1×1018cm−3のドーピング濃度を有する、請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記n型SiC半導体層が5×1014〜1×1017cm−3のドーピング濃度を有する、請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記のp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域および前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域がそれぞれ5×1014〜1×1017cm−3のドーピング濃度を有する、請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記n型SiC半導体層が0.75μm〜100μmの厚さを有する、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記のp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域および前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域がそれぞれ0.2〜5μmの厚さを有する、請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記オーミックコンタクトがニッケルを含む、請求項1ないし10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記p型SiC半導体材料がアルミニウムでドーピングされる、請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記n型SiC半導体材料が窒素でドーピングされる、請求項1ないし12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1ないし13のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造される半導体デバイス。
- n型SiC半導体材料の離散突出領域が上面および側壁を有し且つn型SiC半導体基板層が前記側壁を超えて拡張する、前記n型SiC半導体基板層上の前記のn型SiC半導体材料の離散突出領域、
前記n型SiC半導体材料の前記上面の中央部上のp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域、
前記n型SiC半導体材料の前記上面の周辺部上にあって且つ前記のp型SiC半導体材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域を取り囲むp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域であって、前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域が周辺部周縁を有する領域、
前記のp型SiCの1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域および前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域上のオーミックコンタクト、
前記のn型SiC半導体材料の離散領域の前記周辺部を超えて拡張する前記の半導体基板層、前記n型領域の前記側壁および前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域の前記周辺部周縁上の絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層であって、SiC半導体基板層、n型領域の側壁およびp型SiCの連続突出領域の周辺部周縁の熱酸化により形成されたことを特徴とする少なくとも1つの酸化膜を含む前記絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層、および
前記のp型SiCの1つあるいはそれ以上の離散突出領域上の前記オーミックコンタクト、前記のp型SiC半導体材料の連続突出領域上の前記オーミックコンタクト、および前記のn型SiC半導体材料の領域上にあって且つこれとコンタクトする第1の金属層を含む半導体デバイス。 - 前記n型半導体材料の層の反対側の前記半導体基板層上にオーミックコンタクトをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の半導体デバイス。
- 前記n型半導体材料の層の反対側の前記半導体基板層上の前記オーミックコンタクトとコンタクトする第2の金属層をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の半導体デバイス。
- 前記の絶縁材料の1つあるいはそれ以上の層が前記SiC半導体基板層上の酸化膜層を含む、請求項15に記載の半導体デバイス。
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