JP4509793B2 - 無線の多重アクセス通信システムのためのランダムアクセス - Google Patents
無線の多重アクセス通信システムのためのランダムアクセス Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願は、本出願の譲受人に譲渡され、ここにすべての目的のためにその全体を引用文献として組み込まれた、2002年10月25日に出願された“MIMO WLAN System”と題するU.S.仮出願シリアルNo. 60/421,309の利益を要求する。
本発明の特徴、本質、および利点は参照符号が対応して同定される図面と関連して取られるとき、以下に示された詳細な記述からより明らかになるであろう。
図1は多くのユーザをサポートする無線の多重アクセス通信システム100を示す。システム100は多くのユーザ端末(UT)120に関する通信をサポートする多くのアクセスポイント(AP)110を含んでいる。簡単化のために、2つのアクセスポイント110aと110bだけが図1に示される。一般に、アクセスポイントはユーザ端末と通信するのに使用される固定局である。また、アクセスポイントは基地局またはある他の用語で呼ばれるかもしれない。
ここに説明されるランダムアクセスの技術は様々な無線の多重アクセス通信システムに使用されるかもしれない。例えば、これらの技術は(1)データ送信のための1つ または複数のアンテナおよびデータ受信のための1つまたは複数のアンテナ、(2) 様々な変調技術(例えば、CDMA、OFDMなど)、および(3)ダウンリンクとアップリンクのための1つまたは多重周波数帯域を採用するシステムに使用されるかもしれない。
図2に示される実施例では、ダウンリンク輸送チャネルは放送チャネル(BCH)、順方向制御チャネル(FCCH)、および順方向チャネル(FCH)を含み、チャネルはそれぞれセグメント210、220、および230で送信される。BCHは、(1) システムタイミングと周波数獲得に使用されるかもしれない標識パイロット、(2) チャネル推定に使用されるかもしれないMIMOパイロット、および(3) システム情報を運ぶBCHメッセージを送るために使用される。FCCHは、RACHとダウンリンクおよびアップリンク資源の割り当てのための肯定応答を送るのに使用される。FCHは、ダウンリンクでユーザ端末へユーザ特定のデータパケット、ページ、同報メッセージなどを送るのに使用される。
1.RACH構造
態様では、RACHは“速い”ランダムアクセスチャネル(F-RACH)と“遅い”ランダムアクセスチャネル(S-RACH)を含む。F-RACHとS-RACHは、異なった作動状態で効率的にユーザ端末をサポートするように設計され、異なった設計を採用する。F-RACHはシステムに対して登録されたユーザ端末によって使用されるかもしれなくて、以下で説明されるように、それらの送信タイミングを適切に進めることによりそれらの周回遅れ(RTD)を補償することができる。S-RACHはシステム周波数を取得した(例えば、BCH上で送られた標識パイロットを経て)が、システムに対して登録したか、あるいは登録しなかったユーザ端末によって使用されるかもしれない。S-RACH上で送信しているとき、ユーザ端末はそれらのRTDを補償するか、補償しないかもしれない。
図3Aは、F-RACHとして使用されるかもしれないスロット構造300の実施例を示す。F-RACHセグメントは複数のF-RACHスロットに仕切られる。各TDDフレームで利用可能なF-RACHスロットの特定の数は、同じTDDフレームで送られたBCHメッセージで運ばれる構成可能なパラメタである。実施例では、それぞれのF-RACHスロットが、例えば1つのOFDMシンボル期間に等しくなるように定義される固定持続時間を持っている。
2.ランダムアクセス手続き
ユーザ端末は、システムへのアクセスを得るためF-RACHかS-RACHを使用するかもしれない。初めに、システムにより登録しなかったユーザ端末(即ち、唯一のMAC IDを割り当てていないそれら)がシステムにアクセスするためにS-RACHを使用する。一度登録されると、ユーザ端末はシステムアクセスのためにF-RACHおよび/またはS-RACHを使用するかもしれない。
実施例において、F-RACHはスロット付アロハランダムアクセス方式を使用し、それによりユーザ端末はシステムへのアクセスを得ることを試みるために手当たり次第に選択されたF-RACHスロットに送信する。F-RACH上で送信するとき、ユーザ端末は現在のRTD情報を持っていると仮定される。その結果、F-RACH PDUはアクセスポイントのF-RACHスロット境界に時間整列されると仮定される。これはF-RACHを使用するための要求に合致することができるユーザ端末について、検出処理を大いに簡素化して、アクセスタイムを短くすることができる。
F-RACH上で最初の送信の前に、ユーザ端末はF-RACH上の送信で使用される様々なパラメタを初期化する(ステップ512)。そのようなパラメタは、例えばアクセス試みの数、初期送信パワーなどを含むかもしれない。カウンタはアクセス試みの数を数えるために維持され、このカウンタは最初のアクセス試みのために1に初期化されるかもしれない。初期送信パワーはF-RACHのために必要な受信SNRがアクセスポイントで達成されることを期待することができるように設定される。初期送信パワーはユーザ端末で測定されるように、受信信号強度またはアクセスポイントのためのSNRに基づいて推定されるかもしれない。次に、処理はループ520に入る。
アクセスポイントはF-RACH PDUを受信して処理し、閉じ込められたF-RACHメッセージを回復して、回復されたメッセージに含まれているMAC IDを決定する。表2に示される実施例について、F-RACHメッセージはCRC値を含んでいないので、アクセスポイントはメッセージが正しくまたは間違って復号されたかどうか決定することができない。しかしながら、登録されたユーザ端末だけがシステムアクセスについてF-RACHを使用し、各登録されたユーザ端末が唯一のMAC IDを割り当てられるので、アクセスポイントは割り当てられたMAC IDに対して受信されたMAC IDをチェックすることができる。受信されたMAC IDが割り当てられたMAC IDの1つであるならば、アクセスポイントは受信されたF-RACH PDUの受領を肯定応答する。この肯定応答は以下で説明されるように様々な方法で送られるかもしれない。
それぞれのその後のアクセス試みのために、ユーザ端末は最初にF-RACH送信パラメタを更新する(ステップ534)。更新は、(1) それぞれのその後のアクセス試みのために1だけカウンタを増加し、(2) 送信パワーを調整する(例えば、それを特定の量だけ増加させる)ことを伴うかもしれない。そして、F-RACH上でのアクセス試みの最大許容数が更新されたカウンタ値に基づいて超えられたか否かの決定がなされる(ステップ536)。答えがイエスであるならば、ユーザ端末はアクセス状態に残り(ステップ538)、 処理は終わる。
手当たり次第に選択された待ち時間を待った後に、ユーザ端末は再びBCHメッセージを処理することにより現在のTDDフレームのためのF-RACHパラメタを決定し(ステップ522)、送信のために手当たり次第にF-RACHスロットを選択し(ステップ524)、手当たり次第に選択されたF-RACHスロットにF-RACH PDUを送信する(ステップ526)。
実施例では、S-RACHはアロハランダムアクセス方式を使用し、それによりユーザ端末はシステムへのアクセスを得る試みのために手当たり次第に選択されたS-RACHスロットに送信する。たとえユーザ端末が特定のS-RACHスロットで送信することを試みても、S-RACH上での送信の送信タイミングはRTD補償されると仮定されない。その結果、ユーザ端末がそれらのRTDの良好な推定値を持たないとき、S-RACHの振舞いはスロットのないアロハチャネルのものと同様である。
S-RACHにおける最初の送信の前に、ユーザ端末はS-RACH上で送信するために使用される様々なパラメタを初期化する(例えば、アクセス試みの数、初期送信パワーなど)(ステップ612)。そして、処理はループ620に入る。
C.RACH肯定応答
実施例では、正しく受信されたF/S-RACH PDUに肯定応答するために、アクセスポイントはBCHメッセージにおけるF/S-RACH Acknowledgmentビットを設定し、FCCHにRACH肯定応答を送信する。別々のF-RACHおよびS-RACH AcknowledgmentビットがそれぞれF-RACHとS-RACHのために使用されるかもしれない。BCHでのF/S-RACH Acknowledgmentビットの設定とFCCH上のRACH肯定応答の発送との間には遅れがあり、それは予定している遅れなどと説明するのに使用されるかもしれない。F/S-RACH Acknowledgmentビットは、ユーザ端末が再試行するのを防いで、失敗したユーザ端末がすぐに再試行することを許容する。
非登録ユーザ端末からの送信はRTDに関して補償されないかもしれず、S-RACHスロット境界に整列されないアクセスポイントに到着するかもしれない。アクセス/登録手続きの一部として、RTDは決定されかつその後のアップリンク送信の使用のためにユーザ端末に提供される。RTDは様々な方法で決定されるかもしれず、そのいくつかが以下で説明される。
S-RACH PDUの参照部分を短くすると、参照のための受信された信号品質が減少し、それは次にS-RACH送信を検出しない尤度(即ち、より高い不検出確率)を増加させるだろう。この場合、検出閾値(S-RACH送信が存在しているかどうかを示すのに使用される)は、所望の不検出確率を達成するために減少されるかもしれない。下側の検出閾値は、なにも存在していないとき受信されたS-RACH送信を宣言する尤度(即ち、より高い間違い警報確率)を増加させる。しかしながら、各S-RACHメッセージに含まれているCRC値は、誤った検出の許容できる確率を達成するのに使用されるかもしれない。
E.F-RACHおよびS-RACH送信
図7AはS-RACH上の模範的送信を示す。ユーザ端末はS-RACH PDUの送信のために、特定のS-RACHスロット(例えば、スロット3)を選択する。しかしながら、S-RACH送信がRTD補償されないなら、送信されたS-RACH PDUはアクセスポイントタイミングに基づく選択されたS-RACHスロットの始まりに時間整列されて到着しないだろう。アクセスポイントは上で説明されたようにRTDを決定することができる。
図7BはF-RACH上の模範的送信を示す。ユーザ端末はF-RACH PDUの送信のために、特定のF-RACHスロット(例えば、スロット5)を選択する。F-RACH送信は補償されたRTDであり、送信されたF-RACH PDUはアクセスポイントで選択されたF-RACHスロットの始まりに略時間整列されて到着する。
簡単化のために、以下の記述において用語“RACH”は用語が使用されている文脈によって、F-RACH、S-RACH、またはRACHを云うかもしれない。
図8はシステム100におけるアクセスポイント110xと2つのユーザ端末120xおよび120yの実施例のブロック図を示す。ユーザの端末120xは単一のアンテナを備え、ユーザ端末120yはNut個のアンテナを備えている。一般に、アクセスポイントとユーザ端末はそれぞれ任意の数の送信/受信アンテナを備えていてよい。
図9はF-RACHとS-RACHのためにデータ処理を実行することができて、図8のTXデータプロセッサ810xと810yとして使用されるかもしれないTXデータプロセッサ810aの実施例のブロック図を示す。
上で述べたように、登録されたユーザ端末について急速なシステムアクセスを容易にし、RACHを実施するのに必要であるシステム資源の量を最小にするためにF-RACHとS-RACHについて異なった設計が使用される。表4はF-RACHとS-RACHの模範的設計の様々なパラメタを示す。
g(x)=x8+x7+x3+x+l 式(1)
また、他の発生器多項式がCRCに使用されるかもしれず、これも発明の範囲内である。
図10Aはさらに以下の発生器多項式を実施するスクランブラ916の実施例を示す:
G(x)=x7+x4+x 式(2)
スクランブラ916は直列に接続した7つの遅延素子1032a乃至1032gを含んでいる。各クロック周期について、加算器1034は遅延素子1032dと1032gに記憶された2ビットのモジュロ2加算を行い、遅延素子1032aにスクランブルビットを提供する。フレームされたビット(d1 d2 d3…)は加算器1036に供給され、それはまた、加算器1034からスクランブルビットを受ける。加算器1036は対応するスクランブルビットとフレームされたビットdnとのモジュロ2加算を行い、スクランブルされたビットqnを提供する。
図10Bは、レート1/2、制限長さ7(K=7)、133と171(8値)の 発生器を有する2進の畳込み符号を実行する符号化器918の実施例のブロック図を示す。符号化器918内で、マルチプレクサ1040がスクランブルされたデータとテールビットを受けて多重化する。符号化器918はさらに直列に接続された6つの遅延素子1042a乃至1042fを含んでいる。また、4つの加算器1044a乃至1044dが直列に接続されて、第1の発生器(133)を実施するために使用される。同様に、4つの加算器1046a乃至1046dが直列に接続されて、第2の発生器(171)を実施するために使用される。加算器は図10Bに示されるように133と171の2つの発生器を実施する方法で遅延素子とさらに接続される。マルチプレクサ1048が2つの発生器からのコードビットの2つのストリームを受けてコードビット単一のストリームに多重化する。各入力ビットqnについて、2つのコードビットanおよびbnが発生され、それはコードレート1/2をもたらす。
F-RACHのための実施例では、データシンボルとパイロットシンボルはサブバンド多重化される。各F-RACH PDUは表 5に示されたように24のデータシンボルで多重化された28のパイロットシンボルを含んでいる。サブバンド多重化は各データシンボルが両側でパイロットシンボルによって挟まれる(flank) ようなものである。パイロットシンボルはデータサブバンドのためにチャネル応答を推定するのに使用されるかもしれず(例えば、各データサブバンドの両側のパイロットサブバンドのためのチャネル応答を平均することにより)、データサブバンドはデータ復調のために使用することができる。
ここに、U(k)はH(k)の左固有ベクトルの(Nap×Nap)行列であり、
Σ(k)はH(k)の特異値の(Nap×Nut)対角行列であり、
V(k)はH(k)の右固有ベクトルの(Nut×Nut) 行列である。
各TDDフレームに関しては、アクセスポイントはF-RACHおよび S-RACH を処理し、システムにアクセスするのを望んでいるユーザ端末によって送信されたF/ S-RACH PDUを検出する。 F-RACHとS-RACHが異なった設計に関連づけられ、異なる送信タイミング要件を有するので、異なった受信機処理技術がF-RACHおよびS-RACH PDUを検出するためにアクセスポイントによって使用されてもよい。
F-RACHについて、F-RACH PDUのための送信タイミングがRTDに関して補償され、受信F-RACH PDUがアクセスポイントでF-RACHスロット境界に実質的に整列される。周波数領域で作動する決定の指示された検出器はF-RACH PDUの検出のために使用されるかもしれない。実施例において、検出器は時間毎に1スロットずつF-RACHセグメントのすべてのF-RACHスロットを処理する。各スロットに関して、検出器は、そのスロットに受け取られるOFDMシンボルについて必要な信号エネルギーが十分に高いかどうか決定する。答えがイエスであるならば、OFDMシンボルはF-RACHメッセージを回復するためにさらに復号される。
明快ために、ランダムアクセス技術が特定の設計のために記述された。様々な変更がこれらの設計になされるかもしれず、これは発明の範囲内である。例えば、ランダムアクセスのために2つ以上の異なった型のRACHを持っていることが望ましいかもしれない。そのうえ、RACHデータは他のコード化、インターリービング、および変調方式を使用して処理されるかもしれない。
開示された実施例の先の記述は当業者が本発明を行い、或いは使用することを可能にするために提供される。これらの実施例への様々な変更は当業者には直ちに明白であり、ここに定義された一般原理は本発明の精神または範囲から逸脱することなく他の実施例に適用できる。したがって、本発明はここに示された実施例に限定されることを意図せず、ここに開示された原理及び新規な特徴と両立する最も広い範囲を与えられるべきである。
Claims (15)
- 無線の多重アクセス通信システムにアクセスする方法であって、
フレームについて少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルの構造に関する情報を含む、少なくとも1つの同報メッセージを受信することと;
端末の現在の作動状態を決定することと;
現在の作動状態に基づいて、前記少なくとも2つのランダムアクセスチャネルの中から1つのランダムアクセスチャネルを選択することと;
前記フレームの間、前記システムにアクセスするために、選択されたランダムアクセスチャネル上でメッセージを送信することと;
を備え、
前記少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルは、システムアクセスに登録された端末によって使用される第1のランダムアクセスチャネルと、システムアクセスに登録された端末および非登録の端末によって使用される第2のランダムアクセスチャネルを備える、
方法。 - 前記第1のランダムアクセスチャネルにおける送信は、伝播遅延について補償される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記現在の作動状態は、前記端末がシステムに対して登録したかどうかを示している、請求項1の方法。
- 前記現在の作動状態は、前記端末が前記メッセージを受信するアクセスポイントに対して伝播遅延を補償することができるかどうかを示している、請求項1の方法。
- 前記現在の作動状態は、特定の受信された信号対雑音比(SNR)が前記端末のために達成されるかどうかを示している、請求項1の方法。
- 前記メッセージについて肯定応答が受信されるまで、または最大数のアクセス試みが超えられるまで前記メッセージを再送することをさらに備えた、請求項1の方法。
- アクセスが前記選択されたランダムアクセスチャネルを通して得られないならば、前記少なくとも2つのランダムアクセスチャネルの中から選択された別のランダムアクセスチャネルで別のメッセージを送信することをさらに備えた、請求項1の方法。
- 前記送信することは、
前記選択されたランダムアクセスチャネルについて利用可能な複数のスロットの中からスロットを選択することと;
選択された前記スロットで前記メッセージを送信することと;
を備えた、請求項1の方法。 - 前記メッセージは前記端末に関する識別子を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記識別子は前記端末に唯一である、請求項9の方法。
- 前記識別子は非登録の端末によって使用される共通の識別子である、請求項9の方法。
- 前記多重アクセス通信システムは、単一のアンテナを有する端末および多アンテナを有する端末をサポートする、請求項1の方法。
- 前記多重アクセス通信システムは、直交周波数分割多重(OFDM)を使用する、請求項1の方法。
- 無線の多重アクセス通信システムにおける端末であって、
前記端末の現在の作動状態を決定し、少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルの中から前記システムにアクセスするために使用する1つのランダムアクセスチャネルを、前記現在の作動状態に基づいて選択するように作動するコントローラと、なお、前記少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルは、システムアクセスに登録された端末によって使用される第1のランダムアクセスチャネルと、システムアクセスに登録された端末および非登録の端末によって使用される第2のランダムアクセスチャネルを備える;
選択された前記ランダムアクセスチャネル上での送信のために、メッセージを処理するように作動するデータプロセッサと;
を備えた端末。 - 無線の多重アクセス通信システムにおける装置であって、
前記装置の現在の作動状態を決定する手段と;
前記現在の作動状態に基づいて、少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルの中から1つのランダムアクセスチャネルを選択する手段と、なお、前記少なくとも2つのコンテンションベースのランダムアクセスチャネルは、システムアクセスに登録された端末によって使用される第1のランダムアクセスチャネルと、システムアクセスに登録された端末および非登録の端末によって使用される第2のランダムアクセスチャネルを備える;
前記システムにアクセスするために、前記選択されたランダムアクセスチャネル上で多入力多出力(MIMO)送信方式を通してメッセージを送信する手段と;
を備えた装置。
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