JP3743075B2 - Antifogging dental mirror and antifogging method - Google Patents
Antifogging dental mirror and antifogging method Download PDFInfo
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- JP3743075B2 JP3743075B2 JP28122196A JP28122196A JP3743075B2 JP 3743075 B2 JP3743075 B2 JP 3743075B2 JP 28122196 A JP28122196 A JP 28122196A JP 28122196 A JP28122196 A JP 28122196A JP 3743075 B2 JP3743075 B2 JP 3743075B2
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- dental mirror
- surface layer
- antifogging
- water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
- F24F8/22—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using UV light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
- F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、防曇性デンタルミラー及びデンタルミラーの防曇方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
口腔内を観察するためのデンタルミラーが患者の吐息により曇り、的確な診断を下すのに支障を生じることがよくある。
一般に、物品の表面に曇りが生じるのは、表面が雰囲気の露点以下の温度に置かれると雰囲気中の湿分が凝縮して表面に結露するからである。
凝縮水滴が充分に細かく、それらの直径が可視光の波長の1/2程度であれば、水滴は光を散乱し、デンタルミラーは見かけ上不透明となり、可視性が失われる。
湿分の凝縮が更に進行し、細かい凝縮水滴が互いに融合してより大きな離散した水滴に成長すれば、水滴と表面との界面並びに水滴と空気との界面における光の屈折により、表面は翳り、ぼやけ、斑模様になり、或いは曇り、可視性が失われる。
ここで用いる“防曇”の用語は、このような曇りや凝縮水滴の成長や水滴の付着による光学的障害を防止する技術を広く意味する。
【0003】
周知のように、従来用いられている防曇方法は、ポリエチレングリコールのような親水性化合物或いはシリコーンのような撥水性化合物を含んだ防曇性組成物を表面に塗布することである。しかし、この種の防曇性被膜はあくまで一時的なもので、水洗や接触によって容易に取除かれ、早期に効果を失うという難点がある。
【0004】
【発明の解決すべき課題】
本発明の目的は、高度な可視性を実現することの可能なデンタルミラー及びその防曇方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、長期にわたって高度の親水性を維持し、防曇性を示すことの可能なデンタルミラー及びその防曇方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、ほぼ恒久的に高度の親水性を維持し、防曇性を示すことの可能なデンタルミラー及びその防曇方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、光触媒を含有する表面層を形成した部材において、光触媒を光励起すると、部材の表面が高度に親水化されるという発見に基づく。
この現象は以下に示す機構により進行すると考えられる。すなわち、光触媒の価電子帯上端と伝導帯下端とのエネルギーギャップ以上のエネルギーを有する光が光触媒に照射されると、光触媒の価電子帯中の電子が励起されて伝導電子と正孔が生成し、そのいずれかまたは双方の作用により、おそらく表面に極性が付与され、水や水酸基等の極性成分が集められる。そして伝導電子と正孔のいずれかまたは双方と、上記極性成分との協調的な作用により、表面と前記表面に化学的に吸着した汚染物質との化学結合を切断すると共に、表面に化学吸着水が吸着し、さらに物理吸着水層がその上に形成されるのである。
また、一旦部材表面が高度に親水化されたならば、部材を暗所に保持しても、表面の親水性はある程度の期間持続する。
【0006】
本発明では、デンタルミラー基材の表面に、実質的に透明な光触媒を含有する表面層を備えた防曇性デンタルミラーを提供する。
光触媒を含有する表面層を備えることにより、光触媒の光励起に応じて、表面層の表面は親水性を呈し、付着した湿分の凝縮水及び/又は水滴が前記層の表面に一様に広がり、湿分凝縮水及び/又は水滴によって曇り若しくは翳るのが防止されるようになる。
【0007】
本発明の好ましい態様においては、表面層には、さらにシリカが含有されているようにする。
シリカが含有されることにより、表面が水濡れ角0゜に近い高度の親水性を呈しやすくなると共に、暗所に保持したときの親水維持性が向上する。その理由はシリカは構造中に水を蓄えることができることと関係していると思われる。
【0008】
本発明の好ましい態様においては、表面層には、さらに固体超強酸が含有されているようにする。
超強酸が含有されることにより、表面が水濡れ角0゜に近い高度の親水性を呈しやすくなると共に、暗所に保持したときの親水維持性が向上する。その理由は表面層に超強酸が含有されると、表面の極性が、光の有無にかかわらず極端に大きな状態にあるために、疎水性分子よりも極性分子である水分子を選択的に吸着させやすい。そのため安定な物理吸着水層が形成されやすく、暗所に保持しても、表面の親水性をかなり長期にわたり高度に維持できる。
【0009】
本発明の好ましい態様においては、表面層には、さらにシリコーンが含有されているようにする。
シリコーンが含有されることにより、光触媒の光励起によって、シリコーン中のシリコン原子に結合する有機基の少なくとも一部が水酸基に置換され、さらにその上に物理吸着水層が形成されることにより、表面が水濡れ角0゜に近い高度の親水性を呈するようになると共に、暗所、に保持したときの親水維持性が向上する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の具体的な構成について説明する。
本発明における防曇性デンタルミラー表面には、図1又は図2に示すように、基材の表面に光触媒を含む層が形成されている。
このような表面構造をとることで、デンタルミラー表面は、光触媒の光励起に応じて高度に親水化されるのである。それにより、雰囲気の湿分が凝縮して付着しても水滴状には成長せず、一様に水膜化するようになり、湿分凝縮水及び/又は水滴によって曇り若しくは翳るのが防止される。
【0011】
図1においては、表面層が光触媒のみからなる場合には、光触媒は酸化物であることが好ましい。そうすることにより、酸化物は環境中の汚染物質が吸着していない状態では親水性を示すので、光励起作用によりその汚染物質を排斥させ、吸着水層を形成させることで、親水性を呈しやすく、一様な水膜が形成できる。図2において、Mは金属元素を示す。従って、図2の場合、最表面は一般の無機酸化物からなる。この場合も、酸化物は環境中の汚染物質が吸着していない状態では親水性を示すので、上記無機酸化物以外に表面層に混入する光触媒性酸化チタンの光励起作用によりその汚染物質を排斥させ、吸着水層を形成させることで、一様な水膜が形成できる。
【0012】
本発明におけるデンタルミラー基材には、裏面に反射コートを設けたガラス基材からなる鏡、裏面に反射コートを設けた透明プラスチック基材からなる鏡、プラスチック、ガラス、金属などからなる基材表面に反射コートを設け、さらにその上に透明なハードコートを設けた鏡、裏面に反射コートを設けた透明プラスチック基材の上に透明なハードコートを設けた鏡等の、表面が透明体からなる鏡が好適に利用できる。
【0013】
光触媒とは、その結晶の伝導帯と価電子帯との間のエネルギーギャップよりも大きなエネルギー(すなわち短い波長)の光(励起光)を照射したときに、価電子帯中の電子の励起(光励起)が生じて、伝導電子と正孔を生成しうる物質をいい、例えば、アナターゼ型酸化チタン、ルチル型酸化チタン、酸化錫、酸化亜鉛、三酸化二ビスマス、三酸化タングステン、酸化第二鉄、チタン酸ストロンチウム等が好適に利用できる。ここで光触媒の光励起に用いる光源としては、口腔内を覗くためのランプ、太陽光の他、本発明のデンタルミラー専用の保管容器を設け、そこに励起光を照射しうる光源を設置してもよい。その場合使用する光源には、例えば、白熱電灯、メタルハライドランプ、水銀ランプ、キセノンランプ、殺菌灯等が好適に利用できる。光触媒の光励起により、基材表面が高度に親水化されるためには、励起光の照度は、0.001mW/cm2以上あればよいが、0.01mW/cm2以上だと好ましく、0.1mW/cm2以上だとより好ましい。
【0014】
光触媒を含有する表面層の膜厚は、0.4μm以下にするのが好ましい。そうすれば、光の乱反射による白濁を防止することができ、表面層は実質的に透明となる。
さらに、光触媒を含有する表面層の膜厚を0.2μm以下にすると一層好ましい。 そうすれば、光の干渉による表面層の発色を防止することができる。
また、表面層が薄ければ薄いほどその透明度は向上する。更に、膜厚を薄くすれば、表面層の耐摩耗性が向上する。
上記表面層の表面に、更に、親水化可能な耐摩耗性又は耐食性の保護層や他の機能膜を設けても良い。
【0015】
上記表面層は、基材と比較して屈折率があまり高くないのが好ましい。好ましくは表面層の屈折率は2以下であるのがよい。そうすれば、基材と表面層との界面、及び表面層と空気との界面における光の反射を抑制できる。表面層の屈折率を2以下にするには、光触媒に2以下の屈折率を有する物質を用いるか、或いは光触媒が屈折率2以上の場合には、屈折率2以下の他の物質を表面層に添加する。
2以下の屈折率を有する光触媒としては、酸化錫(屈折率1.9)等が利用できる。
2以上の屈折率を有する光触媒には、アナターゼ型酸化チタン(屈折率2.5) やルチル型酸化チタン(屈折率2.7)があるが、この場合には屈折率2以下の他の物質、例えば、炭酸カルシウム(屈折率1.6)、水酸化カルシウム(屈折率1.6)、炭酸マグネシウム(屈折率1.5)、炭酸ストロンチウム(屈折率1.5)、ドロマイト(屈折率1.7)、フッ化カルシウム(屈折率1.4)、フッ化マグネシウム(屈折率1.4)、シリカ(屈折率1.5)、アルミナ(屈折率1.6)、ケイ砂(屈折率1.6)、モンモリロナイト(屈折率1.5)、カオリン(屈折率1.6)、セリサイト(屈折率1.6)、ゼオライト(屈折率1.5)、酸化錫(屈折率1.9)等を表面層に添加すればよい。
【0016】
上記表面層には、Ag、Cu、Znのような金属を添加することができる。前記金属を添加した表面層は、表面に付着した細菌や黴を暗所でも死滅させることができる。
【0017】
上記表面層には、pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Ir、Osのような白金族金属を添加することができる。前記金属を添加した表面層は、光触媒の酸化還元活性を増強でき、脱臭浄化作用等が向上する。
また、光触媒以外に固体酸を添加した場合には、白金族金属の添加により固体酸の酸度が向上するので、親水維持性も向上し、付着水の水膜化がより促進されると共に、ある程度長期間光触媒に励起光が照射されない場合の親水維持性も向上する。
上記表面層には、Moを添加することができる。光触媒以外に固体酸を添加した場合に、Moを添加すると固体酸の酸度が向上するので、親水維持性も向上し、付着水の水膜化がより促進されると共に、ある程度長期間光触媒に励起光が照射されない場合の親水維持性も向上する。
【0018】
基材がナトリウムのようなアルカリ網目修飾イオンを含むガラス(ソーダライムガラス、並板ガラス等)の場合には、基材と表面層との間にシリカ等の中間層を形成してもよい。そうすれば、焼成中にアルカリ網目修飾イオンが基材から表面層へ拡散するのが防止され、光触媒機能がよりよく発揮される。
【0019】
親水性とは、表面に水を滴下したときになじみやすい性質をいい、一般に水濡れ角が90°未満の状態をいう。本発明における高度の親水性とは、表面に水を滴下したときに非常になじみやすい性質をいい、より具体的には水濡れ角が10゜以下程度になる状態をいう。
特に、防曇性にはPCT/JP96/00734に開示したように、水濡れ角が10゜以下であると好ましく、5゜以下ではより好ましい。
【0020】
本発明における固体酸には、硫酸担持Al2O3、硫酸担持TiO2、硫酸担持ZrO2、硫酸担持SnO2、硫酸担持Fe2O3、硫酸担持SiO2、硫酸担持HfO2、TiO2/WO3、wO3/SnO2、WO3/ZrO2、WO3/Fe2O3、SiO2・Al2O3、TiO2/SiO2、TiO2/Al2O3、TiO2/ZrO2等が好適に利用できる。
【0021】
次に、表面層の形成方法について説明する。
まず表面層が光触媒のみからなる場合の製法について、光触媒がアナターゼ型酸化チタンの場合を例にとり説明する。この場合の方法は、大別して3つの方法がある。1つの方法はゾル塗布焼成法であり、他の方法は有機チタネート法であり、他の方法は電子ビーム蒸着法である。
(1)ゾル塗布焼成法
アナターゼ型酸化チタンゾルを、基材表面に、スプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、焼成する。
(2)有機チタネート法
チタンアルコキシド(テトラエトキシチタン、テトラメトキシチタン、テトラプロポキシチタン、テトラブトキシチタン等)、チタンアセテート、チタンキレート等の有機チタネートに加水分解抑制剤(塩酸、エチルアミン等)を添加し、アルコール(エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等)などの非水溶媒で希釈した後、部分的に加水分解を進行させながら又は完全に加水分解を進行させた後、混合物をスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、乾燥させる。乾燥により、有機チタネートの加水分解が完遂して水酸化チタンが生成し、水酸化チタンの脱水縮重合により無定型酸化チタンの層が基材表面に形成される。その後、アナターゼの結晶化温度以上の温度で焼成して、無定型酸化チタンをアナターゼ型酸化チタンに相転移させる。
(3)電子ビーム蒸着法
酸化チタンのターゲットに電子ビームを照射することにより、基材表面に無定型酸化チタンの層を形成する。その後、アナターゼの結晶化温度以上の温度で焼成して、無定型酸化チタンをアナターゼ型酸化チタンに相転移させる。
【0022】
次に、表面層が光触媒とシリカからなる場合について、光触媒がアナターゼ型酸化チタンの場合を例にとり説明する。この場合の方法は、例えば、以下の3つの方法がある。1つの方法はゾル塗布焼成法であり、他の方法は有機チタネート法であり、他の方法は4官能性シラン法である。
(1)ゾル塗布焼成法
アナターゼ型酸化チタンゾルとシリカゾルとの混合液を、基材表面にスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、焼成する。
(2)有機チタネート法
チタンアルコキシド(テトラエトキシチタン、テトラメトキシチタン、テトラプロポキシチタン、テトラブトキシチタン等)、チタンアセテート、チタンキレート等の有機チタネートに加水分解抑制剤(塩酸、エチルアミン等)とシリカゾルを添加し、アルコール(エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等)などの非水溶媒で希釈した後、部分的に加水分解を進行させながら又は完全に加水分解を進行させた後、混合物をスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、乾燥させる。乾燥により、有機チタネートの加水分解が完遂して水酸化チタンが生成し、水酸化チタンの脱水縮重合により無定型酸化チタンの層が基材表面に形成される。その後、アナターゼの結晶化温度以上の温度で焼成して、無定型酸化チタンをアナターゼ型酸化チタンに相転移させる。
(3) 4官能性シラン法
テトラアルコキシシラン(テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン、テトラブトキシシラン、テトラメトキシシラン等)とアナターゼ型酸化チタンゾルとの混合物を基材の表面にスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、必要に応じて加水分解させてシラノールを形成した後、加熱等の方法でシラノールを脱水縮重合に付す。
【0023】
次に、表面層が光触媒と固体酸からなる場合について、光触媒がアナターゼ型酸化チタン、固体酸がTiO2/WO3の場合を例にとり説明する。この場合の方法は、タングステン酸のアンモニア溶解液とアナターゼ型酸化チタンゾルとを混合し、必要に応じて希釈液(水、エタノール等)で希釈した混合物を基材の表面にスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、焼成する。
【0024】
次に、表面層が光触媒とシリコーンからなる場合について、光触媒がアナターゼ型酸化チタンの場合を例にとり説明する。この場合の方法は、未硬化の若しくは部分的に硬化したシリコーン又はシリコーンの前駆体からなる塗料とアナターゼ型酸化チタンゾルとを混合し、シリコーンの前駆体を必要に応じて加水分解させた後、混合物を基材の表面にスプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、フローコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法等の方法で塗布し、加熱等の方法でシリコーンの前駆体の加水分解物を脱水縮重合に付して、アナターゼ型酸化チタン粒子とシリコーンからなる表面層を形成する。形成された表面層は、紫外線を含む光の照射によりアナターゼ型酸化チタンが光励起されることにより、シリコーン分子中のケイ素原子に結合した有機基の少なくとも一部を水酸基に置換され、さらにその上に物理吸着水層が形成されて、高度の親水性を呈する。
ここでシリコーンの前駆体には、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリブトキシシラン、メチルトリプロポキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリブトキシシラン、エチルトリプロポキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルトリブトキシシラン、フェニルトリプロポキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジブトキシシラン、ジメチルジプロポキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジブトキシシラン、ジエチルジプロポキシシラン、フェニルメチルジメトキシシラン、フェニルメチルジエトキシシラン、フェニルメチルジブトキシシラン、フェニルメチルジプロポキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、及びそれらの加水分解物、それらの混合物が好適に利用できる。
【0025】
【実施例】
テトラエトキシシラン(和光純薬)0.69gとアナターゼ型酸化チタンゾル(日産化学、TA−15、平均粒径10nm) 1.07gとエタノール29.88gと、純水0.36gを混合し、コーティング液を調製した。このコーティング液をフローコーティング法により、10cm角のガラス鏡基材(板ガラスの裏面に反射コート層と樹脂層が形成された基材)上に塗布した。このガラス板を約20分間約150℃の温度に保持することにより、テトラエトキシシランを加水分解と脱水縮重合に付し、アナターゼ型酸化チタン粒子が無定型シリカで結着されたコーティングをガラス板表面に形成した。このコーティング中の、酸化チタンとシリカとの重量比は1であった。
このガラス板を数日間暗所に放置した後、紫外線光源(三共電気、ブラックライトブルー(BLB)蛍光灯)を用いて試料の表面に0.5mW/cm2の紫外線照度で約1時間紫外線を照射し、#1試料を得た。比較のため、10cm角のガラス板を数日間暗所に放置した#2試料も準備した。
まず、#1試料と#2試料に水滴を滴下し、滴下後の様子の観察及び水との接触角の測定を行った。ここで水との接触角は接触角測定器(協和界面科学、CA−X150)を用い、滴下後30秒後の水との接触角で評価した。
その結果#1試料はマイクロシリンジから試料表面に水滴を滴下されると、水滴が一様に水膜状に試料表面を拡がる様子が観察された。また30秒後の水との接触角は約0゜まで高度に親水化されていた。
それに対し、#2試料ではマイクロシリンジから試料表面に水滴を滴下されると、水滴は表面になじんでいくものの、一様に水膜状になるまでには至らなかった。また30秒後の水との接触角は30゜であった。
次に、#1試料と#2試料に息を吹きかけ曇り発生の有無を調べた。
その結果#2試料では曇りが生じたのに対し、#1試料では曇りは生じなかった。
さらに、#1試料を、その後2日間暗所に放置し、#3試料を得た。そして#3試料について、同様に水との接触角を接触角測定器により測定した。
その結果、#3試料にマイクロシリンジから試料表面に水滴を滴下されると、#1試料と同様に、水滴が一様に水膜状に試料表面を拡がる様子が観察された。また水との接触角は約3゜に維持された。
次に#3試料について息を吹きかけた後の曇り発生の有無を観察した。
その結果、曇りは観察されなかった。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、デンタルミラー表面に、実質的に透明な光触媒性酸化チタン粒子を含有する表面層を備えることにより、光触媒の光励起に応じて、表面層の表面は親水性を呈し、付着した湿分の凝縮水及び/又は水滴が前記層の表面に一様に広がり、湿分凝縮水及び/又は水滴によって曇り若しくは翳るのが防止されるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係る防曇性デンタルミラーの表面構造を示す図。
【図2】 本発明に係る防曇性デンタルミラーの他の表面構造を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antifogging dental mirror and an antifogging method for a dental mirror.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dental mirrors for observing the oral cavity often become cloudy due to patient breathing, which can interfere with accurate diagnosis.
In general, fogging occurs on the surface of an article because moisture in the atmosphere condenses and condenses on the surface when the surface is placed at a temperature below the dew point of the atmosphere.
If the condensed water droplets are sufficiently fine and their diameter is about half of the wavelength of visible light, the water droplets scatter light and the dental mirror will appear opaque and lose visibility.
If condensation of moisture proceeds further and fine condensed water droplets fuse together and grow into larger discrete water droplets, the surface swells due to the refraction of light at the water droplet / surface interface and the water droplet / air interface, Blurry, mottled, or cloudy, loss of visibility.
As used herein, the term “anti-fogging” broadly means a technique for preventing such haze, growth of condensed water droplets, and optical failure due to adhesion of water droplets.
[0003]
As is well known, a conventionally used antifogging method is to apply an antifogging composition containing a hydrophilic compound such as polyethylene glycol or a water repellent compound such as silicone to the surface. However, this type of anti-fogging film is only temporary, and is easily removed by washing and contact, and has a drawback that it loses its effect at an early stage.
[0004]
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a dental mirror capable of realizing a high degree of visibility and an anti-fogging method thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a dental mirror capable of maintaining a high degree of hydrophilicity over a long period of time and exhibiting an antifogging property and an antifogging method thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a dental mirror capable of maintaining a high degree of hydrophilicity almost permanently and exhibiting antifogging properties, and a method for antifogging the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on the discovery that in a member in which a surface layer containing a photocatalyst is formed, when the photocatalyst is photoexcited, the surface of the member is highly hydrophilized.
This phenomenon is considered to proceed by the mechanism shown below. That is, when the photocatalyst is irradiated with light having energy greater than the energy gap between the upper end of the valence band and the lower end of the conduction band of the photocatalyst, electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst are excited to generate conduction electrons and holes. By the action of either or both of them, polarity is probably imparted to the surface, and polar components such as water and hydroxyl groups are collected. Then, by a cooperative action of either or both of conduction electrons and holes and the polar component, the chemical bond between the surface and the contaminant chemically adsorbed on the surface is cut, and the chemically adsorbed water on the surface. Is adsorbed, and a physical adsorption water layer is formed thereon.
Further, once the surface of the member is highly hydrophilized, the hydrophilicity of the surface lasts for a certain period of time even if the member is held in a dark place.
[0006]
The present invention provides an antifogging dental mirror having a surface layer containing a substantially transparent photocatalyst on the surface of a dental mirror substrate.
By providing a surface layer containing a photocatalyst, the surface of the surface layer exhibits hydrophilicity in response to photoexcitation of the photocatalyst, and condensed water and / or water droplets adhering to the layer spread uniformly over the surface of the layer, Clouding or dripping is prevented by moisture condensed water and / or water droplets.
[0007]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface layer further contains silica.
By containing silica, the surface tends to exhibit a high degree of hydrophilicity close to a water wetting angle of 0 °, and the hydrophilicity retention when held in a dark place is improved. The reason seems to be related to the fact that silica can store water in its structure.
[0008]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface layer further contains a solid superacid.
By containing a super strong acid, the surface tends to exhibit a high degree of hydrophilicity close to a water wetting angle of 0 °, and the hydrophilicity retention when kept in a dark place is improved. The reason is that when a super strong acid is contained in the surface layer, the surface polarity is extremely large regardless of the presence or absence of light. Therefore, water molecules that are polar molecules are selectively adsorbed rather than hydrophobic molecules. Easy to make. Therefore, a stable physical adsorption water layer is easily formed, and even when kept in a dark place, the hydrophilicity of the surface can be maintained at a high level for a considerably long time.
[0009]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface layer further contains silicone.
By containing silicone, at least a part of the organic group bonded to the silicon atom in the silicone is substituted with a hydroxyl group by photoexcitation of the photocatalyst, and a physical adsorption water layer is formed thereon, whereby the surface is It exhibits a high degree of hydrophilicity close to a water wetting angle of 0 °, and improves hydrophilicity retention when held in a dark place.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a specific configuration of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1 or 2, a layer containing a photocatalyst is formed on the surface of the base material on the surface of the antifogging dental mirror in the present invention.
By taking such a surface structure, the surface of the dental mirror is highly hydrophilized in response to photoexcitation of the photocatalyst. As a result, even if moisture in the atmosphere condenses and adheres, it does not grow in the form of water droplets, but forms a uniform water film, and is prevented from being clouded or fogged by moisture condensed water and / or water droplets. The
[0011]
In FIG. 1, when a surface layer consists only of a photocatalyst, it is preferable that a photocatalyst is an oxide. By doing so, the oxide exhibits hydrophilicity in a state where the environmental pollutants are not adsorbed. Therefore, it is easy to exhibit hydrophilicity by eliminating the pollutants by photoexcitation and forming an adsorbed water layer. A uniform water film can be formed. In FIG. 2, M represents a metal element. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 2, the outermost surface is made of a general inorganic oxide. In this case as well, since the oxide is hydrophilic in the state in which no environmental pollutants are adsorbed, the pollutants are eliminated by the photoexcitation action of photocatalytic titanium oxide mixed in the surface layer in addition to the inorganic oxide. A uniform water film can be formed by forming an adsorbed water layer.
[0012]
The dental mirror substrate in the present invention includes a mirror made of a glass substrate with a reflective coating on the back surface, a mirror made of a transparent plastic substrate with a reflective coating on the back surface, a substrate surface made of plastic, glass, metal, etc. The surface is made of a transparent body, such as a mirror provided with a reflective coat and a transparent hard coat provided thereon, and a mirror provided with a transparent hard coat on a transparent plastic substrate provided with a reflective coat on the back. A mirror can be suitably used.
[0013]
A photocatalyst is an excitation (photoexcitation) of electrons in the valence band when it is irradiated with light (excitation light) with an energy (ie short wavelength) larger than the energy gap between the conduction band and the valence band of the crystal. ) Is generated and can generate conduction electrons and holes, such as anatase titanium oxide, rutile titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, dibismuth trioxide, tungsten trioxide, ferric oxide, Strontium titanate or the like can be suitably used. Here, as a light source used for photoexcitation of the photocatalyst, a storage container dedicated to the dental mirror of the present invention is provided in addition to a lamp for peeping into the oral cavity and sunlight, and a light source capable of irradiating excitation light is installed there. Good. In this case, for example, an incandescent lamp, a metal halide lamp, a mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, or a germicidal lamp can be suitably used as the light source to be used. By photoexcitation of the photocatalyst, because the substrate surface is highly hydrophilized, illuminance of the excitation light, may if 0.001 mW / cm 2 or more, preferably that it 0.01 mW / cm 2 or more, 0. More preferably, it is 1 mW / cm 2 or more.
[0014]
The film thickness of the surface layer containing the photocatalyst is preferably 0.4 μm or less. By doing so, white turbidity due to irregular reflection of light can be prevented, and the surface layer becomes substantially transparent.
Furthermore, it is more preferable that the film thickness of the surface layer containing the photocatalyst is 0.2 μm or less. By doing so, coloration of the surface layer due to light interference can be prevented.
Further, the thinner the surface layer, the higher the transparency. Furthermore, if the film thickness is reduced, the wear resistance of the surface layer is improved.
Further, a wear-resistant or corrosion-resistant protective layer that can be hydrophilized or another functional film may be provided on the surface of the surface layer.
[0015]
The surface layer preferably has a refractive index that is not so high as compared with the base material. Preferably, the refractive index of the surface layer is 2 or less. If it does so, the reflection of the light in the interface of a base material and a surface layer and the interface of a surface layer and air can be suppressed. In order to make the refractive index of the surface layer 2 or less, a substance having a refractive index of 2 or less is used for the photocatalyst, or when the photocatalyst has a refractive index of 2 or more, another substance having a refractive index of 2 or less is used as the surface layer. Add to.
As a photocatalyst having a refractive index of 2 or less, tin oxide (refractive index 1.9) or the like can be used.
Photocatalysts having a refractive index of 2 or more include anatase-type titanium oxide (refractive index 2.5) and rutile-type titanium oxide (refractive index 2.7). In this case, other substances having a refractive index of 2 or lower For example, calcium carbonate (refractive index 1.6), calcium hydroxide (refractive index 1.6), magnesium carbonate (refractive index 1.5), strontium carbonate (refractive index 1.5), dolomite (
[0016]
A metal such as Ag, Cu, or Zn can be added to the surface layer. The surface layer to which the metal is added can kill bacteria and sputum attached to the surface even in the dark.
[0017]
A platinum group metal such as pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, and Os can be added to the surface layer. The surface layer to which the metal is added can enhance the redox activity of the photocatalyst and improve the deodorizing and purifying action.
In addition, when a solid acid is added in addition to the photocatalyst, the acidity of the solid acid is improved by the addition of the platinum group metal, so that the hydrophilicity is also improved and the formation of a water film of the adhering water is further promoted. Hydrophilic maintenance property when the photocatalyst is not irradiated with excitation light for a long period of time is also improved.
Mo can be added to the surface layer. When a solid acid is added in addition to the photocatalyst, the addition of Mo improves the acidity of the solid acid, thereby improving the hydrophilicity and promoting the formation of a water film of the adhering water. The hydrophilic maintenance property when not irradiated with light is also improved.
[0018]
In the case where the substrate is a glass containing alkali network modifying ions such as sodium (soda lime glass, parallel plate glass, etc.), an intermediate layer such as silica may be formed between the substrate and the surface layer. If it does so, it will prevent that an alkali network modification ion diffuses from a base material to a surface layer during baking, and a photocatalytic function will be exhibited better.
[0019]
“Hydrophilic” means a property that is easily adapted when water is dropped on the surface, and generally refers to a state in which the water wetting angle is less than 90 °. The high hydrophilicity in the present invention refers to a property that is very familiar when water is dropped on the surface, and more specifically, refers to a state where the water wetting angle is about 10 ° or less.
In particular, as disclosed in PCT / JP96 / 00734, the antifogging property has a water wetting angle of preferably 10 ° or less, and more preferably 5 ° or less.
[0020]
The solid acid in the present invention includes sulfuric acid-supported Al 2 O 3 , sulfuric acid-supported TiO 2 , sulfuric acid-supported ZrO 2 , sulfuric acid-supported SnO 2 , sulfuric acid-supported Fe 2 O 3 , sulfuric acid-supported SiO 2 , sulfuric acid-supported HfO 2 , TiO 2 / WO 3 , wO 3 / SnO 2 , WO 3 / ZrO 2 , WO 3 / Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 · Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 / SiO 2 , TiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 / ZrO 2 Etc. can be suitably used.
[0021]
Next, a method for forming the surface layer will be described.
First, the production method in the case where the surface layer is composed only of the photocatalyst will be described by taking the case where the photocatalyst is anatase type titanium oxide as an example. There are roughly three methods in this case. One method is a sol coating baking method, the other method is an organic titanate method, and the other method is an electron beam evaporation method.
(1) Sol coating and baking method Anatase-type titanium oxide sol is applied to the surface of a substrate by a method such as spray coating, dip coating, flow coating, spin coating, or roll coating, and baked.
(2) Addition of hydrolysis inhibitors (hydrochloric acid, ethylamine, etc.) to organic titanates such as organic titanate titanium alkoxides (tetraethoxytitanium, tetramethoxytitanium, tetrapropoxytitanium, tetrabutoxytitanium, etc.), titanium acetate, titanium chelate, etc. , After diluting with a non-aqueous solvent such as alcohol (ethanol, propanol, butanol, etc.), after partially or fully advancing hydrolysis, the mixture is spray coated, dip coated, It is applied and dried by a method such as a flow coating method, a spin coating method, or a roll coating method. By drying, hydrolysis of the organic titanate is completed to produce titanium hydroxide, and an amorphous titanium oxide layer is formed on the substrate surface by dehydration condensation polymerization of titanium hydroxide. Thereafter, firing is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature of anatase, and amorphous titanium oxide is phase-transformed into anatase-type titanium oxide.
(3) Electron Beam Evaporation Method An amorphous titanium oxide layer is formed on the surface of the substrate by irradiating a titanium oxide target with an electron beam. Thereafter, firing is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature of anatase, and amorphous titanium oxide is phase-transformed into anatase-type titanium oxide.
[0022]
Next, the case where the surface layer is made of a photocatalyst and silica will be described by taking the case where the photocatalyst is anatase type titanium oxide as an example. There are, for example, the following three methods in this case. One method is a sol coating baking method, the other method is an organic titanate method, and the other method is a tetrafunctional silane method.
(1) Sol coating and baking method A mixed liquid of anatase-type titanium oxide sol and silica sol is applied to the surface of the substrate by spray coating, dip coating, flow coating, spin coating, roll coating, or the like, followed by baking. To do.
(2) Organic titanate method Titanium alkoxide (tetraethoxy titanium, tetramethoxy titanium, tetrapropoxy titanium, tetrabutoxy titanium, etc.), titanium acetate, titanium chelate and other organic titanates with hydrolysis inhibitors (hydrochloric acid, ethylamine, etc.) and silica sol After adding and diluting with non-aqueous solvent such as alcohol (ethanol, propanol, butanol, etc.), after partially or fully hydrolyzing the mixture, the mixture is spray coated, dip coated It is applied by a method such as a method, a flow coating method, a spin coating method, or a roll coating method, and dried. By drying, hydrolysis of the organic titanate is completed to produce titanium hydroxide, and an amorphous titanium oxide layer is formed on the substrate surface by dehydration condensation polymerization of titanium hydroxide. Thereafter, firing is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature of anatase, and amorphous titanium oxide is phase-transformed into anatase-type titanium oxide.
(3) A tetrafunctional silane method Tetraalkoxysilane (tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, etc.) and a mixture of anatase-type titanium oxide sol are spray coated and dip coated on the surface of the substrate. After applying by a method such as a flow coating method, a spin coating method or a roll coating method, and hydrolyzing as necessary to form silanol, the silanol is subjected to dehydration condensation polymerization by a method such as heating.
[0023]
Next, the case where the surface layer is composed of a photocatalyst and a solid acid will be described by taking as an example the case where the photocatalyst is anatase-type titanium oxide and the solid acid is TiO 2 / WO 3 . In this case, the ammonia solution of tungstic acid and anatase-type titanium oxide sol are mixed, and if necessary, the mixture diluted with a diluent (water, ethanol, etc.) is spray coated or dip coated onto the surface of the substrate. It is applied by a method such as a method, a flow coating method, a spin coating method or a roll coating method, and baked.
[0024]
Next, the case where the surface layer is made of a photocatalyst and silicone will be described taking the case where the photocatalyst is anatase-type titanium oxide as an example. In this case, the coating is made of uncured or partially cured silicone or a silicone precursor and anatase-type titanium oxide sol, and the silicone precursor is hydrolyzed as necessary, and then the mixture is mixed. Is applied to the surface of the substrate by spray coating, dip coating, flow coating, spin coating, roll coating, etc., and the silicone precursor hydrolyzate is subjected to dehydration condensation polymerization by methods such as heating. In addition, a surface layer composed of anatase-type titanium oxide particles and silicone is formed. In the formed surface layer, the anatase-type titanium oxide is photoexcited by irradiation with light containing ultraviolet rays, whereby at least a part of the organic group bonded to the silicon atom in the silicone molecule is replaced with a hydroxyl group, and further thereon A physisorbed water layer is formed and exhibits a high degree of hydrophilicity.
Here, the precursors of silicone include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, ethyltributoxysilane, ethyltripropoxysilane, phenyl Trimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltributoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldibutoxysilane, dimethyldipropoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldibutoxy Silane, diethyldipropoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenylmethyldibutoxysilane, Methylpropenylmethyl dipropoxy silane, .gamma.-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and hydrolysates thereof, mixtures thereof can be suitably used.
[0025]
【Example】
Tetraethoxysilane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) 0.69g, anatase-type titanium oxide sol (Nissan Chemical, TA-15, average particle size 10nm) 1.07g, ethanol 29.88g, and pure water 0.36g are mixed, and coating solution Was prepared. This coating solution was applied on a 10 cm square glass mirror substrate (a substrate having a reflective coating layer and a resin layer formed on the back surface of a plate glass) by a flow coating method. By holding this glass plate at a temperature of about 150 ° C. for about 20 minutes, a coating in which tetraethoxysilane is subjected to hydrolysis and dehydration condensation polymerization and anatase-type titanium oxide particles are bound with amorphous silica is applied to the glass plate. Formed on the surface. The weight ratio of titanium oxide to silica in this coating was 1.
After leaving this glass plate in a dark place for several days, UV light is applied to the surface of the sample with an ultraviolet light source (Sankyo Electric, Black Light Blue (BLB) fluorescent lamp) at an ultraviolet illuminance of 0.5 mW / cm 2 for about 1 hour. Irradiation gave # 1 sample. For comparison, a # 2 sample was also prepared in which a 10 cm square glass plate was left in the dark for several days.
First, water droplets were dropped on the # 1 sample and the # 2 sample, the state after the dropping was observed, and the contact angle with water was measured. Here, the contact angle with water was evaluated by using a contact angle measuring device (Kyowa Interface Science, CA-X150) as the contact angle with water 30 seconds after dropping.
As a result, when water droplets were dropped from the microsyringe onto the sample surface, it was observed that the water droplets uniformly spread in the form of a water film. The contact angle with water after 30 seconds was highly hydrophilized to about 0 °.
On the other hand, in the # 2 sample, when a water droplet was dropped from the microsyringe onto the sample surface, the water droplet became familiar with the surface, but did not reach a uniform water film shape. The contact angle with water after 30 seconds was 30 °.
Next, the # 1 sample and the # 2 sample were blown to check for the occurrence of fogging.
As a result, clouding occurred in the # 2 sample, whereas no fogging occurred in the # 1 sample.
Further, the # 1 sample was left in the dark for 2 days to obtain a # 3 sample. And about # 3 sample, the contact angle with water was similarly measured with the contact angle measuring device.
As a result, when water droplets were dropped onto the sample surface from the microsyringe on the # 3 sample, it was observed that the water droplets uniformly spread in the form of a water film as in the case of the # 1 sample. The contact angle with water was maintained at about 3 °.
Next, the # 3 sample was observed for the occurrence of fogging after blowing.
As a result, no cloudiness was observed.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, by providing a surface layer containing substantially transparent photocatalytic titanium oxide particles on the surface of the dental mirror, the surface of the surface layer exhibits hydrophilicity in accordance with photoexcitation of the photocatalyst, and the attached moisture content. The condensed water and / or water droplets spread evenly on the surface of the layer, so that the moisture condensed water and / or water droplets are prevented from being clouded or fogged.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing the surface structure of an antifogging dental mirror according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing another surface structure of the anti-fogging dental mirror according to the present invention.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP28122196A JP3743075B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Antifogging dental mirror and antifogging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP35464995 | 1995-12-22 | ||
JP7-354649 | 1995-12-22 | ||
JP28122196A JP3743075B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Antifogging dental mirror and antifogging method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH09224960A JPH09224960A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
JP3743075B2 true JP3743075B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
Family
ID=18438979
Family Applications (71)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8083499A Pending JPH09231821A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-04-05 | Luminaire and method for maintaining illuminance |
JP13408196A Expired - Lifetime JP3385850B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-04-19 | Composite material with hydrophilicity |
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JP8158518A Pending JPH09225021A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-06-19 | Medical material |
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JP8281225A Pending JPH09230107A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Anti-fogging glass lens and its anti-fogging method |
JP28122196A Expired - Lifetime JP3743075B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Antifogging dental mirror and antifogging method |
JP8282808A Pending JPH09228765A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-18 | Blind and manufacture thereof |
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JP8246180A Pending JPH09230493A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-18 | Camera |
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JP8340470A Pending JPH09225387A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-12-05 | Hydrophilic member and method to make surface of member hydrophilic |
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JP2000180301A Expired - Lifetime JP3414365B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-06-15 | Building materials for exterior walls |
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JP2000181286A Expired - Lifetime JP3414367B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-06-16 | Building materials for exterior walls |
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JP2000247609A Pending JP2001122679A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-08-17 | Antifouling tile |
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JP2002244772A Pending JP2003113345A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2002-08-26 | Antistatic coating composition |
Family Applications Before (26)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8083499A Pending JPH09231821A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-04-05 | Luminaire and method for maintaining illuminance |
JP13408196A Expired - Lifetime JP3385850B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-04-19 | Composite material with hydrophilicity |
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JP8158518A Pending JPH09225021A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-06-19 | Medical material |
JP8195184A Expired - Lifetime JP3003581B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-06-20 | A member that exhibits hydrophilicity in response to optical excitation of an optical semiconductor |
JP8272815A Pending JPH09224957A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-06 | Laser beam focusing lens, dentistry and oral surgery treatment device using the same, and preventing device of laser beam irregular reflection due to stuck waterdrop |
JP8272814A Pending JPH09226041A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-06 | Member for preventing attachment of condensation water drop and method for preventing attachment of condensation water drop of the member |
JP27280996A Expired - Fee Related JP3588202B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-07 | Anti-fog road mirror and its anti-fog method |
JP8272808A Pending JPH09229724A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-07 | Non-fogging cover for instrument panel of motorcycle, motorcycle equipped with the cover, and fogging-preventing method for the cover |
JP27519096A Expired - Lifetime JP3277983B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-10 | Outdoor display panel and its cleaning method |
JP8238927A Pending JPH09227159A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-10 | Front and rear window glass of vehicle |
JP8275189A Pending JPH09231807A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-10 | Vehicle headlight cover, vehicle with it, and its defogging method |
JP8281224A Pending JPH09228134A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Antifogging helmet shield and antifogging method |
JP8281223A Expired - Lifetime JP3063968B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Anti-fog vehicle mirror, automobile equipped with the same, anti-fog film for vehicle mirror and anti-fog method for vehicle mirror |
JP8281220A Expired - Lifetime JP3003593B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Photocatalytic hydrophilic member |
JP8281222A Pending JPH09230106A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Anti-fogging camera filter and its anti-fogging method |
JP8281225A Pending JPH09230107A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-17 | Anti-fogging glass lens and its anti-fogging method |
Family Applications After (44)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8282808A Pending JPH09228765A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-18 | Blind and manufacture thereof |
JP8282807A Pending JPH09224874A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-18 | Water-closet bowl made of resin |
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JP8246180A Pending JPH09230493A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-18 | Camera |
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JP28453496A Expired - Lifetime JP3173391B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-09-19 | Hydrophilic film, and method for producing and using the same |
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JP23956899A Expired - Lifetime JP3613085B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1999-08-26 | Photocatalytic hydrophilic member |
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JP2000180301A Expired - Lifetime JP3414365B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-06-15 | Building materials for exterior walls |
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JP2000181286A Expired - Lifetime JP3414367B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-06-16 | Building materials for exterior walls |
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JP2000227055A Withdrawn JP2001089752A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-07-27 | Member capable of obtaining hydrophilic nature in accordance with photoexcitation of optical semiconductor and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2000247609A Pending JP2001122679A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2000-08-17 | Antifouling tile |
JP2001140242A Pending JP2002030258A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2001-05-10 | Coated material and method for coating |
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JP2002244772A Pending JP2003113345A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2002-08-26 | Antistatic coating composition |
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JP (71) | JPH09231821A (en) |
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