JP2827937B2 - 下引き層を有する電子写真感光体および電子写真装置 - Google Patents
下引き層を有する電子写真感光体および電子写真装置Info
- Publication number
- JP2827937B2 JP2827937B2 JP6311332A JP31133294A JP2827937B2 JP 2827937 B2 JP2827937 B2 JP 2827937B2 JP 6311332 A JP6311332 A JP 6311332A JP 31133294 A JP31133294 A JP 31133294A JP 2827937 B2 JP2827937 B2 JP 2827937B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrophotographic
- layer
- photosensitive member
- resin
- pigment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0679—Disazo dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0644—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings
- G03G5/0646—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system
- G03G5/0657—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system containing seven relevant rings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0644—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings
- G03G5/0646—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system
- G03G5/0659—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system containing more than seven relevant rings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0679—Disazo dyes
- G03G5/0681—Disazo dyes containing hetero rings in the part of the molecule between the azo-groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6311332A JP2827937B2 (ja) | 1994-11-22 | 1994-11-22 | 下引き層を有する電子写真感光体および電子写真装置 |
| US08/561,231 US5658702A (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-21 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor having undercoat layer containing an electron transporting pigment and reactive organometallic compound |
| EP95118353A EP0715217B1 (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-22 | Photoreceptor undercoat/subbing layer containing both organometallic compound and charge transport compound |
| DE69518056T DE69518056T2 (de) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-22 | Unterschichten für Photorezeptoren, die metallorganische Verbindungen und Ladungstransportverbindungen enthalten |
| US08/854,345 US5815776A (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1997-05-12 | Electrophotographic apparatus with photoreceptor having undercoat layer, containing an electronic transporting pigment and reactive organometallic compound |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6311332A JP2827937B2 (ja) | 1994-11-22 | 1994-11-22 | 下引き層を有する電子写真感光体および電子写真装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08146639A JPH08146639A (ja) | 1996-06-07 |
| JP2827937B2 true JP2827937B2 (ja) | 1998-11-25 |
Family
ID=18015871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6311332A Expired - Lifetime JP2827937B2 (ja) | 1994-11-22 | 1994-11-22 | 下引き層を有する電子写真感光体および電子写真装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5658702A (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP0715217B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2827937B2 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE69518056T2 (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3336846B2 (ja) | 1996-01-22 | 2002-10-21 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真感光体 |
Families Citing this family (113)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5978773A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1999-11-02 | Neomedia Technologies, Inc. | System and method for using an ordinary article of commerce to access a remote computer |
| US5795690A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-08-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process |
| DE69728593T2 (de) * | 1996-01-22 | 2005-03-31 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Verschweissbares Gewebe |
| KR100516366B1 (ko) * | 1997-06-19 | 2005-12-21 | 후지 덴키 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 전자사진용감광체및그제조방법 |
| JPH11202520A (ja) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-30 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 電子写真用感光体 |
| JP4091205B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-30 | 2008-05-28 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電子写真感光体及びその製造方法並びにそれに用いる酸化チタン |
| US6218063B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 | 2001-04-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| US7228282B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2007-06-05 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for directing an existing product code to a remote location |
| US6928413B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-08-09 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method of product promotion |
| US7930213B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2011-04-19 | Rpx-Lv Acquisition Llc | Method and apparatus for completing, securing and conducting an E-commerce transaction |
| US6643692B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-11-04 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method for controlling a computer using an embedded unique code in the content of video tape media |
| US6973438B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-12-06 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for delivering information from a remote site on a network based on statistical information |
| US6631404B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-10-07 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and system for conducting a contest using a network |
| US6622165B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-09-16 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for allowing a remote site to interact with an intermediate database to facilitate access to the remote site |
| US6970914B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-11-29 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for embedding routing information to a remote web site in an audio/video track |
| US6791588B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-09-14 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method for conducting a contest using a network |
| US6636896B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-10-21 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for utilizing an audibly coded signal to conduct commerce over the internet |
| US7792696B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2010-09-07 | RPX-LV Acquisition, LLC | Method and apparatus for allowing a broadcast to remotely control a computer |
| US7900224B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2011-03-01 | Rpx-Lv Acquisition Llc | Method and apparatus for utilizing an audible signal to induce a user to select an E-commerce function |
| US7386600B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-06-10 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Launching a web site using a personal device |
| US6829650B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-12-07 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for opening and launching a web browser in response to an audible signal |
| US6961555B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-11-01 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | System and apparatus for connecting a wireless device to a remote location on a network |
| US6757715B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-06-29 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Bar code scanner and software interface interlock for performing encrypted handshaking and for disabling the scanner in case of handshaking operation failure |
| US7321941B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-01-22 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Network routing utilizing a product code |
| US6970916B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-11-29 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method for conducting a contest using a network |
| US7191247B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2007-03-13 | Lv Partners, Lp | Method for connecting a wireless device to a remote location on a network |
| US7392945B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-07-01 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Portable scanner for enabling automatic commerce transactions |
| US6636892B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-10-21 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method for conducting a contest using a network |
| US6860424B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-03-01 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Optical reader and use |
| US7010577B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2006-03-07 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method of controlling a computer using an embedded unique code in the content of DVD media |
| US7493283B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2009-02-17 | Rpx-Lv Acquisition Llc | Performing an e-commerce transaction from credit card account information retrieved from a credit card company web site |
| US6697949B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-02-24 | L.V. Partner, L.P. | Method and apparatus for controlling a user's pc through an audio-visual broadcast to archive information in the users pc |
| US7370114B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-05-06 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Software downloading using a television broadcast channel |
| US7284066B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2007-10-16 | Lv Partners, Lp | Method and apparatus for matching a user's use profile in commerce with a broadcast |
| US6823388B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-11-23 | L.V. Parners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for accessing a remote location with an optical reader having a programmable memory system |
| US6615268B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-09-02 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method for controlling a computer using an embedded unique code in the content of dat media |
| US6754698B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-06-22 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for accessing a remote location with an optical reader having a dedicated memory system |
| US7379901B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-05-27 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Accessing a vendor web site using personal account information retrieved from a credit card company web site |
| US7159037B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2007-01-02 | Lv Partners, Lp | Method and apparatus for utilizing an existing product code to issue a match to a predetermined location on a global network |
| US6845388B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-01-18 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Web site access manual of a character string into a software interface |
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| US7493384B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2009-02-17 | Rpx-Lv Acquisition Llc | Controlling a PC using a tone from a cellular telephone |
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| US7392312B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-06-24 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method for utilizing visual cue in conjunction with web access |
| US6688522B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-02-10 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Unique bar code |
| US7117240B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2006-10-03 | Lv Partners, Lp | Method and apparatus for launching a web site with non-standard control input device |
| US6836799B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-12-28 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for tracking user profile and habits on a global network |
| US7536478B2 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2009-05-19 | Rpx-Lv Acquisition Llc | Method and apparatus for opening and launching a web browser in response to an audible signal |
| US6526449B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-02-25 | Digital Convergence Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling a computer from a remote location |
| US6701354B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-03-02 | L. V. Partners, L.P. | Method for interconnecting two locations over a network in response to using a tool |
| US6629133B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-09-30 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Interactive doll |
| US6725260B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-04-20 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for configuring configurable equipment with configuration information received from a remote location |
| US7818423B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2010-10-19 | RPX-LV Acquisition, LLC | Retrieving personal account information from a web site by reading a credit card |
| US6594705B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-07-15 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for utilizing an audibly coded signal to conduct commerce over the internet |
| US6701369B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-03-02 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for accessing a remote location by sensing a machine-resolvable code |
| US6745234B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-06-01 | Digital:Convergence Corporation | Method and apparatus for accessing a remote location by scanning an optical code |
| US7043536B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2006-05-09 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method for controlling a computer using an embedded unique code in the content of CD media |
| US6826592B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2004-11-30 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Digital ID for selecting web browser and use preferences of a user during use of a web application |
| US8712835B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2014-04-29 | Rpx Corporation | Method and apparatus for linking a web browser link to a promotional offer |
| US6877032B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2005-04-05 | L.V. Partners, L.P. | Launching a web site using a portable scanner |
| US7440993B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2008-10-21 | Lv Partners, L.P. | Method and apparatus for launching a web browser in response to scanning of product information |
| JPWO2003034508A1 (ja) * | 2001-10-12 | 2005-02-03 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 発光装置及びその製造方法 |
| US6904243B2 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2005-06-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Image forming system and method and photoconductor having wear indicator |
| KR101030068B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-08 | 2011-04-19 | 니치아 카가쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 질화물 반도체 소자의 제조방법 및 질화물 반도체 소자 |
| DE602004016930D1 (de) | 2003-09-17 | 2008-11-20 | Ricoh Kk | Elekrographischer Photorezeptor, Herstellungsverfahren eines elektrophotographischen Photorezeptors, und elektrophotographische Apparat und Verfahrenskartusche worin der elektrophotographische Photorezeptor verwendet wird |
| KR100644610B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-11 | 2006-11-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전기적 및 기계적 특성이 우수한 전자사진 감광체 및 이를채용한 전자사진 화상형성장치 |
| JP4502316B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-02 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成装置及び画像形成装置用プロセスカートリッジ |
| JP4154440B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-27 | 2008-09-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
| US7427462B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-09-23 | Xerox Corporation | Photoreceptor layer having rhodamine additive |
| JP4735246B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-26 | 2011-07-27 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真感光体の製造方法 |
| US7424250B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-09-09 | Xerox Corporation | Methods and devices for removing latent image ghosts photoreceptors |
| KR101255232B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-27 | 2013-04-16 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 전자수송층용 조성물, 이로부터 제조된 전자수송층 및전자수송층을 포함하는 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| CN101389710B (zh) * | 2006-02-21 | 2011-02-16 | Skc株式会社 | 具有高电导率、透明度、防水性能的基于聚噻吩的导电聚合物的组合物和用其制备的膜 |
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| JPS51114132A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1976-10-07 | Toshiba Corp | Sensitiyer for electronic pictures |
| JPS583542B2 (ja) | 1975-09-30 | 1983-01-21 | 三菱化学株式会社 | デンシシヤシンヨウカンコウタイ |
| JPS5348532A (en) | 1976-10-13 | 1978-05-02 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotographic material |
| JPS58209751A (ja) * | 1982-06-01 | 1983-12-06 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 感光体 |
| JPS5923439A (ja) * | 1982-07-28 | 1984-02-06 | Jeol Ltd | 磁界レンズ |
| JPS59160147A (ja) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-09-10 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体 |
| JPS60218655A (ja) * | 1984-04-14 | 1985-11-01 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体 |
| JPH0658538B2 (ja) * | 1984-09-27 | 1994-08-03 | ミノルタカメラ株式会社 | 感光体 |
| JPS61204640A (ja) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-10 | Toshiba Corp | 電子写真感光体 |
| JPS62284362A (ja) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-12-10 | Toray Ind Inc | 電子写真感光体 |
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| US5008706A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1991-04-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic apparatus |
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| EP0497523B1 (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1997-09-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image-holding member, and electrophotographic apparatus, apparatus unit, and facsimile machine employing the same |
| US5393629A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1995-02-28 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JP3166293B2 (ja) | 1991-04-26 | 2001-05-14 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニンの新規な結晶、その新規な結晶よりなる光導電材料およびそれを用いた電子写真感光体 |
| US5389477A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1995-02-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Photosensitive material for electrophotography and method for making the photosensitive material |
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| EP0578071B1 (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1998-09-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Contact charging member and apparatus using the charging member |
| JP3185479B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-04 | 2001-07-09 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真感光体 |
-
1994
- 1994-11-22 JP JP6311332A patent/JP2827937B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-11-21 US US08/561,231 patent/US5658702A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-22 DE DE69518056T patent/DE69518056T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-22 EP EP95118353A patent/EP0715217B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-12 US US08/854,345 patent/US5815776A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3336846B2 (ja) | 1996-01-22 | 2002-10-21 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真感光体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69518056D1 (de) | 2000-08-24 |
| JPH08146639A (ja) | 1996-06-07 |
| EP0715217B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
| DE69518056T2 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
| US5658702A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
| EP0715217A2 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| EP0715217A3 (OSRAM) | 1996-06-26 |
| US5815776A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
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