JP2712838B2 - 摩擦溶接方法 - Google Patents

摩擦溶接方法

Info

Publication number
JP2712838B2
JP2712838B2 JP50994493A JP50994493A JP2712838B2 JP 2712838 B2 JP2712838 B2 JP 2712838B2 JP 50994493 A JP50994493 A JP 50994493A JP 50994493 A JP50994493 A JP 50994493A JP 2712838 B2 JP2712838 B2 JP 2712838B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
probe
workpiece
plastic
workpieces
friction welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP50994493A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH07505090A (ja
Inventor
ウェイン モリス トーマス
エドワード デビッド ニコラス
ジェームス クリストファー ニーダム
ミッシェル ジョージ ムーチ
ピーター テンプル−スミス
クリストファー ジョン ドウス
Original Assignee
ザ ウェルディング インスティテュート
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ザ ウェルディング インスティテュート filed Critical ザ ウェルディング インスティテュート
Publication of JPH07505090A publication Critical patent/JPH07505090A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2712838B2 publication Critical patent/JP2712838B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/127—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B29C66/73772—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/26—Hot fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8223—Worm or spindle mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/007—Hardness

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （発明の属する技術分野） 本発明は２つの加工物を結合するための摩擦溶接に関
し、加工物に作用して、例えば部材を加工物に結合した
り、クラックを修理したりすることができる。
（従来の技術） 摩擦溶接は長年知られており、代表的には１組の加工
物の間において相対的な動きを生じさせ、塑性領域を生
じるように加工物を合体させ、当該相対的な動きを止め
て塑性領域を凝固させることにより、加工物を結合する
ものである。
また、最終結合製品の一部を形成しない「非消耗」部
材の使用によって加工物を結合することが従来より提案
されている。このような従来の一例が米国特許第4,144,
110号に示されて、それには２つの加工物が、塑性領域
を発生させる回転ホイールについて合体することが開示
されている。また、そのホイールが結合領域に沿って溶
接されるように、２つの加工物はホイールに対して相対
的に並進される。直線的に継合された金属パイプを溶接
するための類似の技術がSU−Ａ−1,433,522及びSU−Ａ
−1,362,593に開示されている。これらのすべての場合
における問題点は、熱せられた領域が合体される加工物
又はパイプの側部から移動し、そのような技術では例え
ばアルミニウムにおける塑性領域の酸化を防ぐために雰
囲気に注意して制御することが必要である点にある。
日本国昭和61年特許出願公開第176484号には加工物の
対向する面の間に位置付けられて加工物の中及び自身の
中に塑性領域を発生させる「消耗」スピニングプラグを
使用する技術が開示されており、加工物が合体するとス
ピニングプラグが塑性領域の中に蓄積され、それによっ
て結合の部分の一部を形成することが必要で、プラグの
材質が加工物の材質とコンパチブルであることを保証し
なければならない。
本発明の１つの実施例によると、加工物を処理する方
法は、加工物の連続した表面、又は実質的に連続した表
面に加工物の材質より硬い材質のプローブを提供し、プ
ローブと加工物を突き合わせながらプローブと加工物の
間に相対的な循環運動を生じさせ、プローブが加工物の
中に入って摩擦熱を発生させ、加工物の材質の塑性領域
を発生させ、循環運動を止めて、塑性材料をプローブの
まわりで凝固させることからなる。
この新しい技術は加工物とプローブを結合する大変簡
単な方法を提案する「摩擦突き合わせ溶接」を提供す
る。この方法はクラックや、加工物の中でクラックに類
したものを修理したり、加工物にスタッドやブッシュの
ような部品を結合するために使用され得る。
好ましくは、加工物に入り込むプローブの少なくとも
一部分は凝固される材料に入り込むように例えばテーパ
ー状に形作られている。
この技術は、加工物の結合に、または例えばパイプや
クラックされた材料の加工物の対向する面の結合に応用
できる。
本発明の第２の実施例によると、加工物の間に結合領
域を規定し加工物を結合する方法は、加工物より硬い材
質のプローブを結合領域及び結合領域の両側の加工物の
対向部に挿入し、プローブと加工物の間に相対的な循環
運動を起し、摩擦熱により対向部を塑性状態にし、プロ
ーブを取り外し、そして塑性領域を固化して加工物を一
体に結合する。
この技術は「摩擦突き合わせ溶接」と呼ばれ、前述の
従来の問題点を有していない「非消耗」プローブを用い
て多種の加工物に適用される。特に、加工物は互いに向
き合って通常押しつけられず、単に、プローブの移動中
に結合領域から離れる動きが制限されるだけである。プ
ローブはプローブに隣接した加工物の部分を可塑性化
し、プローブの取り外し又は並進運動後はただちに合体
して凝固する。よって、酸化及びそれに類した問題は解
決される。
この方法は、共通の面に沿って加工物を結合するため
に使用され得る。加工物の間の部分領域を離散的に加熱
し、冷却すると、部分的な活性領域の移動に伴って共通
の結合が達成される。特に、この方法は、２つの突き合
わせ面の混合に帰着し、多くの場合、材料の真の融点よ
り低い温度で行われる。
材料は金属、合金又はMMCのような合成材料、あるい
は熱可塑性樹脂のような樹脂材料で可能である。
いくつかの場合で、加工物は結合領域に沿ってスペー
スを置いた位置で結合され、１つの点から取り出された
プローブは次の点へ移動され、そして加工物の間に再挿
入される。好ましくは、結合領域が加工物の間の横方向
に伸びた細長い大きさを有するとき、この方法は結合領
域の方向に加工物とプローブの間の相対的な動きを生じ
る工程を含む。
その方法の一例として、実質的に非消耗のプローブが
突き合わせ結合の形状での結合される材料の間に挿入さ
れ、そして摩擦熱を作るために回転される。十分に加熱
すると、結合される両方の材料による塑性領域がプロー
ブの周囲に形成され、回転プローブを結合線にそってゆ
っくりと横移動すると、塑性材が結合にそって拡散す
る。冷却すると、塑性材は加工物を所望のとおり結合す
る。
いくつかの例で、プローブは細長い軸を有し、かつ細
長軸に平行な方向でレシプロ移動のような循環運動を行
う。プローブは結合される加工物をに沿って動かされ、
又はその位置に取り残される。
これらのすべての方法で、プローブは断面がほぼ円で
ある。
他の例として、プローブはほぼテーパー状のシリンダ
ーの形であり結合の一端から挿入され、プローブの深さ
に可塑性領域を形成する。
更に、他の例として、プローブのブレードは全厚みの
方向で往復運動され、結合の熱を作り、結合線に沿って
移動すると可塑性材がブレードに沿って通過し、冷却す
ると結合が固化する。
好ましくは、可塑性材は加工物の表面にぴったりとフ
ィットするキャップ又はシュー（shoe）により結合領域
から突き出すことを防止される。更にプローブの方法に
おいて、プローブは電気抵抗（ジュール）熱のような他
の手段により摩擦前に熱せられる。後者の場合に、プロ
ーブは薄いブレード又はナイフの形状で、結合線に挿入
されて、上述のごとく、摩擦により、加熱された塑性領
域を形成する。冷却すると加工物は結合線に沿って結合
する。
本発明のひとつの長所は、深さ、つまり加熱され又は
塑性化される深さが正確に制御され、事前に知れること
である。
他の長所は突き合わせた表面がプローブによって直接
に処理され、結合面での結合不足（平らなスポット）が
本質的に最小又は防止されることである。
本発明に係る方法の更なる長所は、与えられた工具が
無制限に長いシームに適応でき、比較的深い結合が１回
のパスで達成されることである。
（発明の実施の形態） 以下、本発明の実施の形態例を図面に基づいて説明す
る。
図１に示す実施例において、１組のアルミニウム合金
プレート1A,1Bが結合線２に対して互いに突き合わされ
ている。上部５と下部６の間に位置し、小さな中央シリ
ンダー部分４を有する鉄製の非消耗プローブ３はプレー
ト1A,1Bの間の結合線２の端に位置決めされる。プロー
ブ３はモータ７によって回転し、一方プローブは進行方
向８に向かって進み、プレートはプローブ３が離れると
き横方向に移動しないように保持される。回転するプロ
ーブ３は鉄製の「ペンシル」部分４の回りに高い可塑性
材の部分領域を作り、一方上部と下部の押圧は部品5,6
によってなされる。
部品5,6の押圧面は、結合されるプレート1A,1Bに密着
して、可塑性ゾーンから材料が失われることを防いでい
る。回転するプローブ３又はボビンは面5A,6Aの間のギ
ャップ（ほぼ3.3mm）を持ち、図2Aに示すように１ピー
スで製造することができる。
あるいは、図2Bに示すように、ボビンは取り外し可能
で、２つの部分5,6′は例えば止めピン９によって結合
される。このために、結合されるつき合わせたプレート
にピンの直径に一致する穴をドリルで開け、ボビンの２
つの部品5,6′が固定の前にシートにしっかりと結合す
ることが好ましい。更に、ギャップは結合されるプレー
トの厚みの誤差に対応するように適切なカムレバーまた
は偏心（図示せず）によって短い距離だけ調整可能とす
る。ボビンの構成部品には適当なバネの応力がかけら
れ、プレートの厚みのわずかな変動にもかかわらずしっ
かりした結合が保持される。全ての場合、結合されるた
めに突き合わされたプレートに適切な穴を前もって開け
ることを避けるために、適切な進行（及び退行）タブが
利用される。例えば結合される材料と類似の材料による
スプリットピースが回転手段のピンの回りに固定され、
かつ結合されるプレートの先端に押圧される。可塑性材
が形成されると、逃げのスペースは最小となり、一様な
ゾーンが結合される結合線の全長にわたって形成され
る。
ボビンの突き合わせ面5A,6Aは直角に機械加工するこ
とが好ましいが外側の端を少し面取りしてもよい（図2A
参照）。使用中、上部と底部の面が面とりの上の面の直
径に幅が一致する、光沢のあるゾーンによって、視覚に
より、結合される材料と良い接触であるかどうかが観察
できる。もしく、特にバネ応力の例において、面は0.1m
の値またはそれ以上の半径でわずかに半円形にされてお
り、バネ応力が印加される接触ゾーンが十分な幅をもた
らす。好ましくは、この接触ゾーンの幅は可塑性材を生
成するピンの直径より少なくとも50％以上大きい。
上記の適切なボビンにより回転手段はスプライン（sp
line）を介して駆動され、それは結合される材料に従っ
て浮上する。より適切なジグにより前もって機械加工し
た部品を使用すれば浮上するヘッドは必要でなくなりプ
リセットボビンが使用できる。
２つの部品のボビンを用いる前述の方法を介する結合
が定格値で3.2mmの厚さのアルミニウムシリコンマグネ
シウム合金（BS6082）に対して第３図に示されている。
熱に影響されたゾーンの全体幅は面取りされたボビン上
の結合ゾーンに対応するほぼ9mmの幅である。このため
に直径6mmのピンが1500rpm（約0.47m/sの円周速度）で
回転され、かつ１分当り370mmで結合線に沿って移動さ
れる。ボビンの接触面が熱入力及び回転ピンにより提供
され可塑性ゾーンに対応する加熱に貢献する。低回転速
度では移動速度も遅くなり、例えば800rpmでは、適切な
移動速度は１分当たり190mmである。過度の移動速度は
可塑性材の硬化の形成の欠陥をもたらす。
図４に示すように、可塑性材は回転プローブ４の回り
をスイープし、空間が側部に形成され、そこでは回転面
は結合線に沿う移動と同じ方向に移動する（進行端）。
他方の領域、特に回転方向が進行方向と逆の側で、結合
ゾーンに可塑性材を充填して完全に固化させることは困
難ではない。
図５は結合線２に沿って通り、可塑性材を形成するレ
シプロブレード11から熱を発生する本発明に係る別の方
法を示す。前の実施例と同様に、機械的な動きが可塑性
材で摩擦熱を生じ、ブレード11の先端から終端に流れ、
冷却されると結合される材料の間の結合が完了する。ブ
レード11は一方の側のみからは往復運動するか、または
材料の両側の２つの同期ヘッドの間で往復運動する。突
き合わせた結合をなすために、プレート1A,1Bは接触し
て配置されるが一般に結合線に沿ったブレード11の移動
の前には、突き合わせ負荷をかけない。もし必要ならば
ガードプレートを結合ゾーン上と下にもうけ可塑性材に
過大な偏移を防ぐ。また、いくつかの材料の場合には、
ブレードの長さ方向に電流を流してブレード11を予熱し
可塑性ゾーンでの急速な機械剪断による熱に加えること
ができる。
単純な薄い長方形のブレード11の利用が原則として可
能であるが、レシプロブレードの場合には断面を整形
し、比較的狭い楔形の後端を持つことが好ましい。ダブ
ルウェッジの楔形の輪郭が図６のａに示されており、こ
こで移動方向の全長は好ましくは幅の５〜15倍に相当す
る。幅はできるだけ小さく例えばおよそ1mmであり、機
械的な力に耐えるために及び特に曲がらないために250
〜300℃の間の熱可塑性の融解点の温度でブレードは十
分に強い材料で作られる。例えば工具鋼鉄または他の硬
い鋼鉄を所望の形状や光沢を得るためにみがかれた表面
をみがくことができる。ブレードは結合ゾーンから過度
の可塑性材を除去するためにガードプレートを介して通
ることができ、これらのガードプレートは工具鋼鉄で作
ることができ、PTFEのような低摩擦抵抗材料と並べる。
ダブルウェッジの楔形は共通の結合線に沿って両方向に
移動することに対して特に有用である。
単一ウェッジの楔形は図６のｂに示され、好ましくは
全体の長さは幅の３〜10倍に相当し、先端は丸い。この
形は直線の結合線に沿って移動終端が丸いとき、また相
対的に大きい半径の曲線に沿って結合するときに使われ
得る。曲線結合のための別の形が図６のｃに示されてお
り、後端は結合線の湾曲にほぼ対応する部分で曲げられ
ている。
レシプロブレードにおいて偏移は好ましくは結合され
る材料の全体の厚みの半分より小さいかまたは等しい。
6mmのプレートの場合は±3mmより小さい。ストロークが
大きいと結合から材料の過度の損失を導き、そして空間
または孔を結果として生じる。可塑性材はブレードにく
っつく傾向があり、厚さの方向にレシプロ運動により引
いたり押したりされる。ブレードの可塑性材の蓄積が避
けられまたは最小になるように操作条件が選ばれる。
レシプロ運動の周期は振幅及び結合される材料に従っ
て決定する。好ましくは中央のストローク位置での最大
（正弦曲線）速度は0.5m/s〜5m/sである。ポリエチレン
やPVCのような材料において好ましい速度は0.75m/s〜4.
5m/sの間である。高速な速度はより熱を生じ、かつ熱可
塑性材が変質することとなる。
結合の初期の助けのために、レシプロブレード11は摩
擦動作に先立って予熱しておく。任意の方法の使用が可
能で、ブレードのジュール熱を使用でき、熱ガスによっ
て熱し、又は使用前に前もってブレードを予熱されたシ
ースに保管する。またブレードは使用中に機械的な動作
を介して熱エネルギーを発生させると共に電気的に熱せ
られる。
アモルファス熱可塑性材−ホワイトポリエチレン−が
6mmの厚さの材料として図７に示されている。このため
に、ブレードのストロークは約47Hzでおよそ±3mmで、
0.88m/sの最大正弦曲線の中央のストローク速度を与え
る。突き合わせ結合は、３mm2/sの結合構成率（単位時
間当りの深さ及び長さ）を与える30mm/mの速度で成され
る。これは、従来使用され、かつこの厚さでは数回の通
過を必要とする熱ガス溶接技術より優れていることを示
している。突き合わせ結合溶接の簡単な張力の試験では
親材料のみの場合の50％以上の強度を示している。ま
た、結合は実質的に気孔、又は平らのスポットエリアが
なく、かつ突き合わせ結合の上部及び底部の上に狭いビ
ードを生じることがわかる。ビードの輪郭は、熱突き合
わせ技術によって結合される熱可塑性材で共通に見られ
る中央凹角を示していない。
半結晶、PVCで突き合わせた結合が、30mm/mの移動速
度のポリエチレン材の場合と類似の状況下で、6mmの厚
さのプレートに行なわれた結合が図８に示されている。
再び簡単な張力の試験では、上部及び底部のビードに良
い輪郭を有し、材料の50％以上の強度を示す。図８の断
面は熱に影響された材料の流線と、可塑性材が結合を形
成したゾーンに相当する部分を示す。より高速な動作も
可能であるが、90mm/分を越えると結合部に孔又は隙間
が発生する。
レシプロブレードを用いた熱可塑性材での異なる結合
の多種の例が図10に示されている。重ねたプレートの間
の単純なシールが図10のａに示されており、実線12はプ
ローブまたはブレードが移動した線を示している。また
この方法は類似した厚みの２つのプレートの結合として
図10のb,cに適用することもできる。図9aは、図10aと同
様の結合で、6mmの厚さのクリアPVCに図７と同じ動作条
件のストローク±3mm、周波数47Hzで実施した場合の実
際の結合部を示す。移動速度は、全体の厚さが12mmでは
あるが１分当たり30mmであった。
結合又はシールに対する他の配列が図10のｅに示され
ており、２つの3mm厚のプレートが突き合わされて１つ
の6mmの厚みのプレートに結合されることが図10のｅに
示されている。クリアPVCのようなクリアな樹脂では結
合品質の検査を可能とする。これは図9bにマクロ断面図
として示されている。更に他の結合が図10のｄに示され
ており、ここでは、プレートの端部が大きな結合領域を
与えるように反り上がっている。ここで、ストローク
は、約53Hzの周期で±13mmであり、約4.3m/sの最大速度
を与える。40mm/mの移動速度を用いて全体の結合率は突
き合わせ断面に対し約20mm2/sである。
最後に図10のｆ（図9c）には20％の短いガラスファイ
バを含有するファイバ補強ポリエチレンの間での結合が
示されている。図７の場合と同様の条件で6.5mmの厚さ
の材料に対し30mm/mの移動速度で使用されている。材料
の50％の値、又は平な非補強ポリエチレンの約80％の結
合強度が得られた。
これらの張力の強さの数値は溶接された試料に対応し
ており、パラメータの他の組み合わせにより親材料の強
さに近い最適の結合強さが得られる。
図11は結合強度を増す別の実施例を示し、同じレシプ
ロブレード11により結合領域15を定める斜めの端13A,14
Aを有する２つの突き合わせプレート13,14をスカーフ結
合する。また、この構成はローラ16,17により２つのプ
レート13,14を位置決めし拘束位置から引っ張る傾向を
与える。
適切な結合条件下ではレシプロブレード11の移動方向
の端の負荷が相対的に少なく、従って簡単な移動メカニ
ズムにより一定の動きを保持することができる。
特に10mm以下の薄いプレートの場合には、突き合わせ
た、または重ねた可塑性材との結合を達成するために、
通常のジグのこぎりに似たハンド工具を用いることが可
能である。湾曲結合の場合には、図６のｃに示す形の1m
m×4mmのような小さい縦の寸法の相対的に薄いブレード
が望ましい。またそのようなハンド工具はキャタピラ型
クローラートラックに適用可能で、一定の前方向速度を
保持することができる。トラックはトラック面にゴムを
注入され、または部分的に空になって、可塑性材の表面
に対する索引及び接着を改善している。
図12に示す例では、非消耗手段は先端にわずかにテー
パー状のシリンダー型のプローブ18を有し、該プローブ
はプレート1A,1Bの間に挿入されるが、図12のｂに示さ
れているように結合される材料の厚さまで完全に伸びて
いない。突き合わせの溶接処理後のプレートの表面の外
観が上部の面に対し図12のｃに示されている。
プローブの形状は重要である。単純な円錐状の点（図
13のａ）は突き合わせたプレートに比較的簡単に挿入す
ることができるが、プローブの頂点近くの塑性領域が細
くなっている。代わって、図13のｂに示すように剪断さ
れた円錐の場合には、好ましくは結合された突き合わせ
プレートに前もってドリルで開けられたくぼみを必要と
する。好ましくはプローブは図13のｃに示されているよ
うな鈍い鼻（nose）を有するほぼテーパー状のシリンダ
ー状の形状である。これはプレートに対して押圧される
プローブを可能とし、結合線に沿って移動するプローブ
の回りの可塑性ゾーンを形成する。
図12に示す方法によって作られる6mmの厚みのアルミ
ニウム合金のプレートの間の結合において、プローブは
１分当り240mmで結合線に沿って移動し、850rpmで回転
する。1000rpmのような高速回転速度は１秒当り300mmの
高い移動率を可能にするが、移動率が高いと、図１の平
行に並んだ配置の場合に一端に沿った穴が発生する。代
わって、回転速度は移動率に対応して300rpm以下に減ら
すことができる。アルミニウムシリコンマグネシウム合
金（BS6082）における１秒当り4mm（１分当り240mm）の
与えられた移動率の場合に、440rpmと850rpmの間の回転
速度において満足に得られる。
図14aにはプレート1A,1Bの対向面に提供される手段18
に類似した非消耗の１対の手段20,21の組が示されてい
る。手段20,21は互いの方向に押しつけられ、プレート
が位置決めされた位置に締めつけられるように移動方向
に移動し、プレートの外側に面する表面と非消耗手段の
間のインターフェースの面で過度の熱は生じない。代わ
って、図12の方法は結合されるプレートの各側部で別々
に実行される。前述した両面溶接の一例が同じアルミニ
ウムシリコンマグネシウム合金に対し図14bに示されて
いる。動作条件は各側部において850rpmで１分当り240m
mでの移動であった。
単一に終端されたプローブの接触面22は、ほぼ正方形
で、または好ましくは外側の端部に小さい面取りを有し
ている。適切な負荷または回転プローブの位置決めが、
プローブの面が広いが薄い材料の層に接触することによ
りプレートの表面の外観によって行われる。代わりに、
回転部材の面は図２のボビンの面のようにわずかに半円
形になり得、付与される負荷で接触面の面エリアはプロ
ーブそのものの直径より少なくとも50％以上広がる。プ
ローブ直径の３倍までの接触ゾーンの増加が許容される
ことがわかる。薄い材質にいおいては４または3mmに減
少されたプローブを使用することが好ましい。また、プ
ローブの直径が小さい場合には、意外にも好ましい回転
速度は移動率と共に減少する。3.3mm直径のプローブを
持つ例として440rpmの回転と１分当り120mmの移動が良
い。
これらの場合、プローブ面22のわずかなテーパーはほ
ぼ２°でなる。
図1,図５及び図12に関する方法は与えられた材または
構造物のクラックの突き合わせ面の結合を提供すること
ができる。クラックは溶接に隣接する材料での、あるい
は溶接そのものでの熱に影響されたゾーンに存在する。
図12の方法は部分的なクラックに一般的に適している
が、原則としては図５に示す厚さ全体に対する方法を利
用される。この技術は本質的にすでに説明したものに類
似しており、好ましくは、プローブは、クラックインタ
ーフェースに沿って通過する前に親材料のなかに（少な
くともクラックの深さにまで）挿入され、摩擦熱により
可塑性領域を発生し、冷却してクラックが存在した部分
を固化する。移動方向でのクラックの端は多種の方法で
固められ得る。例えばプローブを内部に残すことがで
き、又は、パスを逆方向で作り、はじめのパスで重ね
て、逆方向のパスの終りがオリジナルのクラックの跡か
ら離れた領域にあるようにする。
摩擦熱を生じるために工具を移動することなく部分的
な結合又は溶接をなすための類似の技術は材料の片面に
適用されるプローブを利用できる。ここで例えば形成さ
れた可塑性材が、共通のインターフェースに沿って断続
的に２つの部材を結合するために利用できる。同様の方
法でクラックは１または１以上の領域で長手方向に沿っ
て部分的可塑性になった材料によって補修することがで
きる。これらの例においてプローブは形成された可塑性
材によって囲まれた内部に残すことができる。好ましく
はこの構成で、プローブはコレット形状としプローブに
よって移動した可塑性材の過大な分散を防止する。
更に、図15に示すように、単一の場所に部分的な可塑
性ゾーンを形成するプローブ24はリエントラント領域25
を有し、材料の中にプローブを挿入した状態で可塑性材
がリエントラント領域の中に流れるようにすることがで
きる。冷却するとプローブはプローブの材料と回りの可
塑性材の間の冶金結合とは別に材料によって閉じ込めら
れる。好ましくはプローブは更なる熱を提供するために
かつ形成された可塑性材の過度の分散を防ぐために図12
及び図13のように肩部26によって支持される。
また、前述の技術はハードで／硬い材料のプローブを
ソフトで／薄い材料に挿入して弱い材料に他の部材を固
定するために利用することができる。挿入のためのブッ
シュまたはスタッドに適合されるプローブ27の例が図16
に示され、これは親材料より硬くまたはより耐久性があ
る。
可塑性材が親材料の中に挿入され分離された部材から
摩擦によって熱を生じ、冷却して材料を凝固すること、
または部材を囲んで材料の中に閉じ込める技術は本発明
の範囲内である。
全ての実施例で、溶接処理の結果はプレートの表面上
で非常にスムースであり、これは本発明の特有の効果で
ある。これは非消耗のプローブの表面上にフェロドブレ
ーキ材料を提供することによって改良され得る。典型的
には、非消耗材の回転速度は300〜600rpmの間であり、
加工物の移動率は１〜6mm/sの範囲内である。典型的に
は非消耗材は鉄合金で作られる。
試料を作成し、機械的な張力及びハンマー曲げ試験、
冶金学的評価を行い本発明の実用性が証明された。
本発明の効果は次のように要約される。
非消耗な技術、 無制限な長さの連続性、 準備が不要、 合理的でスムースな仕上げ面、 良好な機械的特性、 硬い面、 ねじれが少なく、 制限された軸負荷、軸方向のフィードがなく軽い接
触、 キーホール技術、 KAT駆動による携帯型装置、 結合は一端からなされ得、 使用も簡単、 低コストの装置、 急冷却5Gポジション。
発明の一例では、自動キーホール技術、造船でのプレ
ート製造、パイプ突き合わせ溶接、アルミニウム装甲プ
レート、パイプシーム、フラクチャー修理、樹脂溶接、
梁の組立に適応できる。
図面の簡単な説明 図１は本発明の第１の方法を示す図、 図2Aと図2Bは２つの異なる回転手段の側面図、 図３は図１の方法を用いたアルミニウム合金の結合の
マクロ断面図、 図４は結合線に関して可塑性材の流れと表面のマーキ
ングを示す平面図、 図５は本発明の第２の方法を示す図、 第６図はレシプロ移動に用いられるブレードの一例を
示す図、 第７図は図５の方法によって作られた6mmの厚みのア
モルファス可塑性材の突き合わせ結合の断面図、 図８は図５の方法を用いた6mm厚の半結晶熱可塑性材
の突き合わせ結合の断面図、 図9a〜図9cはアモルファス可塑性材（２つの6mmの厚
みのプレート）の12mmのプレート重ね、アモルファス可
塑性材でレシプロ移動による多数の突き合わせ結合、6.
6mmガラスファイバ強化材料にレシプロ移動で突き合わ
せ結合を各々示すマクロ断面図、 図10は図５の方法による、重ねた結合、厚いPVCでの
突き合わせ結合、少なくとも１つの透明可塑性材での多
点突き合わせ結合、及びガラスファイバ強化可塑性材で
の突き合わせ結合を示す図、 図11はスカーフ結合を作るための図５の多動方法を示
す図、 図12は第３の実施例の斜視図、側面図及び平面図、 図13は図12の方法に用いるプローブの形の多種の例を
示す図、 図14a及び図14bは別の実施例の側面図、及び上下の２
つのプレートのパスでの構成のマクロ（×４）断面図、 図15は図12の方法の変形でプローブが親材料に挿入さ
れて取り込まれる例を示す図、 図16は図15の方法で挿入ブッシュ又はスタッドに適用
されるプローブの一例を示す図である。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ニーダム ジェームス クリストファー イギリス国，エセックス，サフラン ウ ォールデン，ブラックランズ クロース ５番地 (72)発明者 ムーチ ミッシェル ジョージ イギリス国，エスジー８ ７ アールデ ィー，ハーツロイストン，トリップロ ー，ミドル ストリート ６番地 (72)発明者 テンプル−スミス ピーター イギリス国，シービー５ ９イーティ ー，ケンブリッジ，ロード，ロード ロ ード 60番地 ザ ヘイブン (72)発明者 ドウス クリストファー ジョン イギリス国，シビー２ ４ディージェ イ，ケンブリッジシャー，ソーストン, クィーンズウェイ ９番地 (56)参考文献 特開 昭55−73490（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭57−111521（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 特公 昭42−1845（ＪＰ，Ｂ１)

Claims (9)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】結合領域（２）で加工物（1A,1B）を結合
    する方法において、 結合領域（２）及び結合領域の両方の側部の加工物の対
    向部分に、加工物の材質より硬い材質のプローブ（３）
    を挿入させ、 プローブと加工物の間に相対的な循環運動を発生させ、
    摩擦熱が発生して対向する部分に塑性状態を生じさせ、 プローブ（３）を取り外し、 可塑性部分を凝固させて、加工物同士を結合することに
    より、 加工物の間の相対的な移動なしに加工物を結合すること
    を特徴とする摩擦溶接方法。
  2. 【請求項２】結合領域（２）は加工物の間に横方向に伸
    びて細長く、結合領域の方向に対し加工物とプローブの
    間に相対的な並進移動を生じる請求項１記載の摩擦溶接
    方法。
  3. 【請求項３】プローブ（３）は、加工物（1A,1B）の全
    厚さにわたって伸びている請求項１又は２記載の摩擦溶
    接方法。
  4. 【請求項４】プローブ（３）の長手方向は、結合領域と
    実質的に交差し、かつ結合領域を規定する加工物の側部
    にほぼ平行である請求項１〜３のいずれか１項記載の摩
    擦溶接方法。
  5. 【請求項５】プローブの長手方向は、結合領域に平行な
    面に対してほぼ直交する請求項１〜３のいずれか１項記
    載の摩擦溶接方法。
  6. 【請求項６】加工物は、分離された部材を含む請求項１
    〜５のいずれか１項記載の摩擦溶接方法。
  7. 【請求項７】プローブは、その長手方向にほぼ平行な方
    向に循環運動を行なう請求項１〜６のいずれか１項記載
    の摩擦溶接方法。
  8. 【請求項８】循環運動がレシプロ運動である請求項７記
    載の摩擦溶接方法。
  9. 【請求項９】プローブの断面がほぼ円である請求項１〜
    ８のいずれか１項記載の摩擦溶接方法。
JP50994493A 1991-12-06 1992-11-27 摩擦溶接方法 Expired - Lifetime JP2712838B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9125978.8 1991-12-06
GB9125978A GB9125978D0 (en) 1991-12-06 1991-12-06 Hot shear butt welding
PCT/GB1992/002203 WO1993010935A1 (en) 1991-12-06 1992-11-27 Improvements relating to friction welding

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07505090A JPH07505090A (ja) 1995-06-08
JP2712838B2 true JP2712838B2 (ja) 1998-02-16

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EP (2) EP0615480B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2712838B2 (ja)
AU (2) AU658950B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2123097C (ja)
DE (1) DE69205991T2 (ja)
GB (1) GB9125978D0 (ja)
HK (1) HK1006431A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1993010935A1 (ja)

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AU1016495A (en) 1995-03-30
EP0615480A1 (en) 1994-09-21
CA2123097C (en) 1998-09-01
AU658950B2 (en) 1995-05-04
AU2952892A (en) 1993-06-28
JPH07505090A (ja) 1995-06-08
CA2123097A1 (en) 1993-06-10
AU662310B2 (en) 1995-08-31
HK1006431A1 (en) 1999-02-26
GB9125978D0 (en) 1992-02-05
DE69205991D1 (de) 1995-12-14

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