JP2021507212A - ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザー光源を含むidarシステム - Google Patents
ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザー光源を含むidarシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021507212A JP2021507212A JP2020531445A JP2020531445A JP2021507212A JP 2021507212 A JP2021507212 A JP 2021507212A JP 2020531445 A JP2020531445 A JP 2020531445A JP 2020531445 A JP2020531445 A JP 2020531445A JP 2021507212 A JP2021507212 A JP 2021507212A
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- laser
- light
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
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- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/86—Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
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- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0085—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
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- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0087—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for illuminating phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, e.g. using optical arrangements specifically adapted for guiding or shaping laser beams illuminating these materials
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34333—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer based on Ga(In)N or Ga(In)P, e.g. blue laser
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4012—Beam combining, e.g. by the use of fibres, gratings, polarisers, prisms
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、その全体の内容が全ての目的のために参照により本明細書に組み込まれる2017年12月13日出願の米国仮特許出願第15/841,053号の利益を主張するものである。
−白色光ルーメンへの高い変換効率の光励起電力。黄色の蛍リン光体を励起する青色レーザーダイオードの一例では、光ワット当たり150ルーメン超、光ワット当たり200ルーメン超、または光ワット当たり300ルーメン超の変換効率が望ましい。
−直径1mm、500 μm、200 μm、100 μm、または50 μmでさえあるスポットにおける1〜20Wのレーザー出力に耐えることのできる高い光損傷閾値。
−温度150℃超、200℃超または300℃超に耐えることのできる高い熱損傷閾値。
−蛍リン光体が温度150℃超、200℃超、または250℃超に達した際に効率の良いままであるような低い熱消光特性。
−熱を放散し温度を調節する高い熱伝導率。3W/m−K超、5W/m−K超、10W/m−K超、および15W/m−K超でさえある熱伝導率が望ましい。
−アプリケーションのための適正な蛍リン光体の発光色。
−許容できない熱伝導率または光学効率の低減のない所望の干渉励起の散乱を生じる、適切な多孔性特性。
−アプリケーションのための適正な形状因子。そのような形状因子としては、以下に限定されないが、ブロック、平板、円盤、球、円筒、ロッド、または類似の幾何学的部品である。適正な選定は、蛍リン光体が透過と反射のどちらのモードで動作されるか、ならびに蛍リン光体における励起光の吸収長に依存するものとなる。
−アプリケーションのために最適化される表面の状態。一実施形態では、蛍リン光体の表面は、光の抽出を高めるために意図的に粗いものとすることができる。
Claims (23)
- 少なくともガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードと波長変換部材とを担持する統合型パッケージを含むレーザーダイオードベースの照光システムであって、前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードは、第1のピーク波長を有する第1のレーザービームを放射するように構成され、
前記波長変換部材は、前記第1のピーク波長を有する第1のレーザービームを少なくとも部分的に受信して、第1のピーク波長よりも長い第2のピーク波長を有する放射を励起し、前記第2のピーク波長と前記第1のピーク波長とを混合された白色光を生成するように構成される、レーザーダイオードベースの照光システム;ならびに
第2のレーザービームを生成し、前記第2のレーザービームを操作して遠隔距離にある標的対象の空間マップを感知するように構成される、光検出および測距(LIDAR)システム
を含む可動機械。 - 前記白色光は、前記標的対象と、前記可動機械に応じて動的に動かされるその周囲環境とを照明するための照明源として構成される、請求項1に記載の可動機械。
- 前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードは、青色域に前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記第1のレーザービームを生じるように構成され、前記波長変換部材は、前記青色域に前記第1のレーザービームによって励起されて、黄色を含む広い色域に前記第2のピーク波長を生じるように構成される蛍リン光体材を含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードは、青紫色域に前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記第1のレーザービームを生じるように構成され、前記波長変換部材は、前記青紫色域に前記第1のレーザービームによって励起されて、緑色を含む広い色域に前記第2のピーク波長を生じるように構成される蛍リン光体材を含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記蛍リン光体材は、Ceによりドープされたセラミック性イットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット(YAG)、またはCeによりドープされた単結晶YAG、または結合材を含む粉末YAGから構成され;前記蛍リン光体は、光ワット当たり50ルーメン、光ワット当たり100ルーメン、光ワット当たり200ルーメン、または光ワット当たり300ルーメンを超える光学変換効率を有する、請求項3に記載の可動機械。
- 前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記第1のレーザービームを受信して前記第2のピーク波長を有する前記放射を励起することに関連して、前記蛍リン光体材が、反射モード、透過モード、および反射モードと透過モードとの組合せから選択されるモードで動作するように構成される、請求項3に記載の可動機械。
- 前記統合型パッケージは、遠隔ポンピング型蛍リン光体として構成される前記波長変換部材と、前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードから前記遠隔ポンピング型蛍リン光体に前記レーザービームを導く空間を支持する自由空間光学系を含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記統合型パッケージは、遠隔ポンピング型蛍リン光体として構成される前記波長変換部材と、前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードから前記遠隔ポンピング型蛍リン光体に前記レーザービームを導く光ファイバとを含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記統合型パッケージは、少なくとも1つのガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードと前記波長変換部材とを支持するように構成される共通支持部材を含む表面実装型デバイス(SMD)パッケージを含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記少なくとも1つのガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードは、2つのレーザービーム、3つのレーザービーム、または4つのレーザービームをそれぞれ生成するように2つのレーザーダイオード、3つのレーザーダイオード、または4つのレーザーダイオードなどの複数のレーザーダイオードを含み;前記複数のレーザービームは、前記波長変換部材上に励起点を形成する、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記複数のレーザーダイオードのそれぞれは、420nmから485nmの青色域にある複数の第1のピーク波長のうちの1つにより特徴付けられ;前記複数の第1のピーク波長は、結果として前記白色光の色質を改善する、請求項10に記載の可動機械。
- 前記波長変換部材は、第1のピーク波長を含む前記第1のレーザービームによって励起されて第2のピーク波長の第1の放射を生じるように構成される第1の蛍リン光体材と、前記レーザービームによって励起されて第3のピーク波長を有する第2の放射を生じるように構成される第2の蛍リン光体材とを含む、請求項2に記載の可動機械。
- 前記ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオードは、青紫色域に前記第1のピーク波長を有する前記第1のレーザービームによって特徴付けられ、前記第1の蛍リン光体材は、青色域に前記第2のピーク波長を有する前記第1の放射によって特徴付けられ、前記第2の蛍リン光体材は、黄色域に前記第3の波長を有する前記第2の放射によって特徴付けられ、前記白色光は、少なくとも前記第1の放射および前記第2の放射から構成される、請求項12に記載の可動機械。
- 前記LIDARシステムは、ドライバと、前記第2のレーザービームを生成するためのレーザーダイオードと、前記第2のレーザービームに基づき1つまたは複数の感知光信号を環境に伝送するための伝送器とを含む、レーザーサブシステム;前記1つまたは複数の感知光信号に基づき前記環境から反射光信号を検出するための受信器を少なくとも含む検出サブシステム;ならびに前記伝送器と前記受信器とを同期し、前記1つまたは複数の感知光信号および反射光信号についてそれぞれのタイムオブフライトを演算し、空間マップイメージを生成して目的の対象または範囲を特定するための信号プロセッサを含む、請求項1に記載の可動機械。
- 前記1つまたは複数の感知光信号は、約905nm、約1000nm、約1064nm、または約1550nm、または約532nmから選択される波長での前記第2のレーザービームに基づく、請求項14に記載の可動機械。
- 前記LIDARシステムは、検査パターンで前記環境に投射される前記1つまたは複数の感知光信号を運ぶ前記第2のレーザービームを操作するためのスキャンMEMSまたは他のビームスキャナを含む、請求項14に記載の可動機械。
- 前記LIDARシステムは、イメージのフレームのピクセルの一部または全てを生成するための平面において複数の場所で前記反射光信号を同時検出するための検出器アレイを有して構成される、請求項14に記載の可動機械。
- 自律型の乗物、航空機、航宙機、ドローン、オートバイ、ボート、航海用の乗物、潜水艇、二輪車、三輪車、電気スクーターを含む乗物としてさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の可動機械。
- 前記LIDARシステムから提供されたフィードバック情報に基づきレーザーダイオードベースの照光システムを制御するように構成される信号プロセッサをさらに含み、前記レーザーダイオードベースの照光システムは、前記白色光を選好的に使用して、前記LIDARシステムにより特定された前記標的対象および周囲の範囲のうち少なくとも1つを照明するように構成される、請求項14に記載の可動機械。
- 少なくとも1つの動く標的対象を検出する際に、前記LIDARシステムからの少なくとも一部のフィードバック情報に基づいて、前記レーザーダイオードベースの照光システムは、前記白色光の照明強度、照明パターン、ビーム角度、ビーム形状、およびビーム場所のうち少なくとも1つを動的に変化させるように制御される、請求項19に記載の可動機械。
- 前記フィードバック情報は、前記LIDARシステムによって得られた前記少なくとも1つの接近する動く対象のマッピングイメージを含み、前記白色光は、可視光通信ネットワークを通じた送出メッセージのために用いられる、請求項20に記載の可動機械。
- 電源;
前記電源に結合され、電力を供給し駆動電流を生成するように構成されたプロセッサ;
前記駆動電流によって駆動されて第1のピーク波長を有する第1の光を放射するように構成されたガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオード;
前記第1の光を少なくとも部分的に受信して、前記第1のピーク波長よりも長い第2のピーク波長を有する第2の光を再放射するように、および前記第1の光の一部と前記第2の光とを組み合わせて白色光生じるように構成される、波長変換部材;
前記白色光を受信して照明源を生成するように前記波長変換部材に結合されたビーム成形器;
を含むLIDARシステムであって、
前記第1のピーク波長に基づく第1の感知光信号;
前記ビーム成形器に結合されており、前記白色光を少なくとも部分的に向けて、1つまたは複数の標的対象または範囲を照明し、かつ前記1つまたは複数の標的対象または範囲とその周囲とを含む遠隔の範囲をマッピングするための前記第1の感知光信号をそれぞれ伝送するように構成される少なくとも第1のビーム投射器;および
前記第1の感知光信号の反射信号を検出して、前記1つまたは複数の標的対象または範囲の第1のイメージを生成するように構成される検出器
をさらに含むLIDARシステム。 - 電源;
前記電源に結合され、電力を供給し駆動電流を生成するように構成されたプロセッサ;
前記プロセッサからの駆動電流によって駆動されて第1のピーク波長を有する第1の光を放射するように構成される、ガリウムおよび窒素を含有するレーザーダイオード;
前記第1の光を少なくとも部分的に受信して、前記第1のピーク波長よりも長い第2のピーク波長を有する第2の光を再放射するように、および前記第1の光の一部と前記第2の光とを組み合わせて白色光生じるように構成される、波長変換部材;
前記白色光を受信して、前記第1のピーク波長および前記第2のピーク波長のうちの1つに基づく感知光信号を含む照明源を生成するように、前記波長変換部材に結合されるビーム成形器;
前記ビーム成形器に結合されており、前記白色光を少なくとも部分的に向けて、1つまたは複数の標的対象または範囲を照明し、かつ前記1つまたは複数の標的対象または範囲とその周囲とを含む遠隔の範囲をマッピングするための前記感知光信号を伝送するように構成される、ビーム投射器;ならびに
前記感知光信号の反射信号を検出して、前記1つまたは複数の標的対象またはその周囲の第1のイメージを生成するように構成される検出器
を含むLIDARシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/841,053 | 2017-12-13 | ||
US15/841,053 US10222474B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Lidar systems including a gallium and nitrogen containing laser light source |
PCT/US2018/062092 WO2019118140A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2018-11-20 | Lidar systems including a gallium and nitrogen containing laser light source |
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US11249189B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
WO2019118140A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
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