JP2020074438A - スイッチングデバイス - Google Patents
スイッチングデバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020074438A JP2020074438A JP2020006028A JP2020006028A JP2020074438A JP 2020074438 A JP2020074438 A JP 2020074438A JP 2020006028 A JP2020006028 A JP 2020006028A JP 2020006028 A JP2020006028 A JP 2020006028A JP 2020074438 A JP2020074438 A JP 2020074438A
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- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- source
- conductor layer
- gate
- switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/08104—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
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- H01L23/31—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the arrangement or shape
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- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
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- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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Abstract
Description
この発明の一実施形態では、前記ドレイン端子のアイランドは、前記ドレイン端子の封止部分に含まれており、前記ソース端子は、前記ソース端子の封止部分に前記ソース端子の端子部分よりも幅が広いアイランドを有しており、前記ソース端子の端子部分と前記ドレイン端子の端子部分との間隔は、前記ドレイン端子のアイランドと前記ソース端子のアイランドとの間隔よりも大きい。
この発明の一実施形態では、前記SiCスイッチング素子が、SiCトレンチMOSFETである。
この発明の一実施形態では、前記複数のソースワイヤは、一定の抵抗値を有する。
この発明の一実施形態では、前記複数のソースワイヤは、その構成材料、長さおよびワイヤ径が同一である。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るスイッチングデバイス1の模式図である。図2は、図1のスイッチングデバイス1の電気回路図である。なお、図1では、スイッチングデバイス1の構成の明瞭化のため、半導体チップ11の1つの角部(破線ハッチング領域)を透視して表している。
4つの端子3〜6は、それぞれ、所定の形状に形成された金属板からなり、樹脂パッケージ2の一側面からそれに対向する側面に向かって順に配置されている。
また、半導体チップ11は、この実施形態では、図2に示すように、SiCが用いられたMOSFET19(SiC−MOSFET)およびボディダイオード20を含む。MOSFET19のソース、ドレインおよびゲートが、それぞれ、ソースパッド13、ドレインパッド12およびゲートパッド14に電気的に接続されている。なお、半導体チップ11内に形成されるスイッチング素子は、MOSFET以外の素子であってもよい。たとえば、当該スイッチング素子は、SiC−IGBT、SiC−バイポーラトランジスタ、SiC−JFET等であってもよい。スイッチング素子がSiC−IGBTの場合には、ソースパッド13、ドレインパッド12、ゲートパッド14およびセンスソース端子4が、それぞれ、SiC−IGBTのエミッタパッド、コレクタパッド、ゲートパッドおよびセンスエミッタ端子に対応する。また、スイッチング素子がSiC−バイポーラトランジスタの場合には、ソースパッド13、ドレインパッド12、ゲートパッド14およびセンスソース端子4が、それぞれ、SiC−バイポーラトランジスタのエミッタパッド、コレクタパッド、ベースパッドおよびセンスエミッタ端子に対応する。
本発明の電子回路の一例としてのインバータ回路31は、第1〜第4のスイッチングデバイス32〜35と、第1〜第4のゲート駆動回路36〜39と、制御部40とを含む。
第3のスイッチングデバイス34のドレイン端子6は、電源41の正極端子に接続されている。第3のスイッチングデバイス34のソース端子3は、第4のスイッチングデバイス35のドレイン端子6に接続されている。第3のスイッチングデバイス34のゲート端子5および第3のスイッチングデバイス34のセンスソース端子4は、第3のゲート駆動回路38に接続されている。
第1のゲート駆動回路36は、増幅回路51と、第1の切替回路52と、ゲート抵抗53と、第2の切替回路54と、電流遮断抵抗55と、過電流検出回路56とを含む。
増幅回路51の入力端子には、制御部40からのゲート制御信号CG1が入力される。増幅回路51は、ゲート制御信号CG1を増幅してゲート駆動信号DG1を生成する。増幅回路51の出力端子は、第1の切替回路52の一方の入力端子aに接続されている。第1の切替回路52は、2つの入力端子a,bと1つの出力端子cを有しており、いずれか一方の入力端子a,bを選択して、出力端子cに接続する。第1の切替回路52の他方の入力端子bはオープン状態とされている。第1の切替回路52の出力端子cはゲート抵抗53を介して第1のスイッチングデバイス32のゲート端子5に接続されている。第1の切替回路52は、過電流検出回路56の出力によって制御される。
そのため、図5に破線で示す従来ワイヤ21のようにセンスソース端子4をMOSFET19のソース端に直接接続する場合に比べて、MOSFET19のソース−ドレイン間に過電流IDが流れたときのゲート−ソース間電圧Vgsを、当該外部抵抗22での電圧降下(−ID・r)によって低減することができる。
さらに、この実施形態では、外部抵抗22が樹脂パッケージ2で封止されているので、スイッチングデバイス1を従来のレイアウトで実装することができる。
たとえば、前述の実施形態では、1つの電流遮断抵抗55を用いて短絡電流を遮断しているが、複数の電流遮断抵抗を用いて電流遮断時の遮断速度を段階的に変化させるようにしてもよい。
過電流検出回路56によって過電流が検出されたときには、第1の切替回路52は、第2入力端子bを選択して、出力端子cを第2入力端子bに接続する。これにより、第1の切替回路52の出力端子cはハイインピーダンス状態となる。また、第2の切替回路54は、第2出力端子fを選択して、入力端子dを第2出力端子fに接続する。これにより、第2の切替回路54の入力端子dは接地される。
また、前述の実施形態では、本発明をインバータ回路に適用した場合について説明したが、コンバータ回路等のインバータ回路以外の電子回路にも本発明を適用することができる。
図7は、半導体モジュールの構成を説明するための平面図であり、天板を取り除いた状態が示されている。図8は、図7のVIII−VIII線に沿う図解的な断面図である。図9は、図7のIX−IX線に沿う図解的な断面図である。
ケース63は、略直方体形状に形成されており、樹脂材料で構成されている。特に、PPS(ポリフェニレンサルファイド)等の耐熱性樹脂を用いることが好ましい。ケース63は、平面視において放熱板62とほぼ同じ大きさの矩形をなしており、放熱板62の一表面(+Z方向側表面)に固定された枠部64と、この枠部64に固定された天板(図示略)とを備えている。天板は、枠部64の一方側(+Z方向側)を閉鎖し、枠部64の他方側(−Z方向側)を閉鎖する放熱板62の一表面と対向している。これにより、放熱板62、枠部64および天板によって、回路収容空間がケース63の内部に区画されている。この実施形態では、枠部64と前記複数の端子とは、同時成形により作られている。
第1電源端子P、第2電源端子N、第1出力端子OUT1および第2出力端子OUT2は、それぞれ、金属板(たとえば、銅板にニッケルめっきを施したもの)を所定形状に切り出し、曲げ加工を施して作成されたものであり、ケース63の内部の回路に電気的に接続されている。第1電源端子P、第2電源端子N、第1出力端子OUT1および第2出力端子OUT2の各先端部は、それぞれ端子台73,74,75,76上に引き出されている。第1電源端子P、第2電源端子N、第1出力端子OUT1および第2出力端子OUT2の各先端部は、それぞれ端子台73,74,75,76の表面に沿うように形成されている。第1電源端子P、第2電源端子N、第1出力端子OUT1および第2出力端子OUT2の各先端部には、挿通孔83d,84d,85d,86dが形成されている。これらの挿通孔83d,84d,85d,86dを挿通し、前述のナットにねじ嵌められるボルトを用いることにより、半導体モジュール61の取付対象側に備えられるバスバーに対して端子P,N,OUT1,OUT2を接続できる。
第1ゲート端子G1は、X方向から見てクランク状であり、それらの中間部分は側壁67に埋め込まれている。第1ゲート端子G1の基端部は、ケース63内に配置されている。第1ゲート端子G1の先端部は側壁67の表面から+Z方向に突出している。
第2ゲート端子G2は、X方向から見てクランク状であり、それらの中間部分は側壁66に埋め込まれている。第2ゲート端子G2の基端部は、ケース63内に配置されている。第2ゲート端子G2の先端部は、側壁66の表面から+Z方向に突出している。
第1絶縁基板101は、平面視で略矩形であり、4辺が放熱板62の4辺とそれぞれ平行な姿勢で、放熱板62の表面に接合されている。第1絶縁基板101の放熱板62側の表面(−Z方向側表面)には、第1接合用導体層102(図8参照)が形成されている。この第1接合用導体層102がハンダ層131を介して放熱板62に接合されている。
第1素子接合用導体層103は、第1絶縁基板101の表面における+Y方向側の辺寄りに配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状である。第1素子接合用導体層103は、その+X方向側端部に、−Y方向に延びた突出部を有する。N端子用導体層107は、第1絶縁基板101の表面における−Y方向側の辺寄りに配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状である。N端子用導体層107は、その+X方向側端部に、第1素子接合用導体層103の突出部に向かって延びた突出部を有する。第2素子接合用導体層106は、平面視で、第1素子接合用導体層103とN端子用導体層107と第1絶縁基板101の−X方向側の辺とによって囲まれた領域に配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状である。
第2ゲート端子用導体層108は、N端子用導体層107と第1絶縁基板101の−Y方向側の辺との間に配置され、平面視でX方向に細長い矩形である。第2ソースセンス端子用導体層109は、第2ゲート端子用導体層108と第1絶縁基板101の−Y方向側の辺との間に配置され、平面視でX方向に細長い矩形である。
第2絶縁基板201は、平面視で略矩形であり、4辺が放熱板62の4辺とそれぞれ平行な姿勢で、放熱板62の表面に接合されている。第2絶縁基板201の放熱板62側の表面(−Z方向側表面)には、第2接合用導体層202(図9参照)が形成されている。この第2接合用導体層がハンダ層231を介して放熱板62に接合されている。
第3素子接合用導体層203は、第2絶縁基板201の表面における+Y方向側の辺寄りに配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状である。第3素子接合用導体層203は、その−X方向側端部に、+Y方向に延びた突出部を有する。ソース用導体層207は、第2絶縁基板201の表面における−Y方向側の辺寄りに配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状である。第4素子接合用導体層206は、平面視でT字状であり、第3素子接合用導体層203とソース用導体層207との間に配置され、平面視でX方向に長い矩形状の素子接合部206aと、第2絶縁基板201の−X方向側の辺に沿って延びた出力端子接合部206bとを含む。素子接合部206aの−X方向側端部が、出力端子接合部206bの長さ中央部に連結されている。
第4ゲート端子用導体層208は、ソース用導体層207と第2絶縁基板201の−Y方向側の辺との間に配置され、平面視でX方向に細長い矩形である。第4ソースセンス端子用導体層209は、第4ゲート端子用導体層208と第2絶縁基板201の−Y方向側の辺との間に配置され、平面視でX方向に細長い矩形である。
第2アッセンブリ200の第3素子接合用導体層203は、第1アッセンブリ100の第1素子接合用導体層103に、第1導体層接続部材91によって接続されている。第1導体層接続部材91は、平面視でH形の板状体からなり、第3素子接合用導体層203と第1素子接合用導体層103とに跨る一対の矩形部と、これらの矩形部の中央部を連結する連結部とから構成されている。第1素子接合用導体層103と第3素子接合用導体層203を第1導体層接続部材91で接続するので、例えばワイヤで接続する場合と比べて、低インダクタンス化を図ることができる。また、第1導体層接続部材91が、平面視でH形で、端子が櫛歯状となっているので、例えば第1導体層接続部材91を第1素子接合用導体層103に接合するにあたり、超音波接合用のヘッドを第1導体層接続部材91の先端に押し当てて、容易に第1導体層接続部材91を第1素子接合用導体層103に超音波接合できる。
第2アッセンブリ200の第4ゲート端子用導体層208は、第1アッセンブリ100の第2ゲート端子用導体層108に、ワイヤ96を介して接続されている。
第1アッセンブリ100に備えられた複数の第1スイッチング素子Tr1および複数の第1ダイオード素子Di1ならびに第2アッセンブリ200に備えられた複数の第3スイッチング素子Tr3および複数の第3ダイオード素子Di3は、第1電源端子Pと出力端子OUTとの間に並列に接続されて、上アーム回路(ハイサイド回路)301を形成している。第1アッセンブリ100に備えられた複数の第2スイッチング素子Tr2および複数の第2ダイオード素子Di2ならびに第2アッセンブリ200に備えられた複数の第4スイッチング素子Tr4および複数の第4ダイオード素子Di4は、出力端子OUTと第2電源端子Nとの間に接続されて、下アーム回路(ローサイド回路)302を形成している。
各第1スイッチング素子Tr1には、第1ダイオード素子Di1が並列に接続されている。各第3スイッチング素子Tr3には、第3ダイオード素子Di3が並列に接続されている。各第1スイッチング素子Tr1および各第3スイッチング素子Tr3のドレインならびに各第1ダイオード素子Di1および各第3ダイオード素子Di3のカソードは、第1電源端子Pに接続されている。
第1スイッチング素子Tr1のソースは、半田136、第1接続金属部材110、ワイヤ112、第1ソースセンス端子用導体層105、ワイヤ95および第3ソースセンス端子用導体層205を介して、第1ソースセンス端子SS1に接続されている。したがって、第1スイッチング素子Tr1のソースと第1ソースセンス端子SS1の間には、半田136および第1接続金属部材110によって形成される電流経路に寄生している抵抗(外部抵抗)R1を含む配線抵抗が存在する。この実施形態では、第1スイッチング素子Tr1のソースと第1ソースセンス端子SS1の間の配線抵抗は、第1スイッチング素子Tr1のソースにワイヤ112の一端を直接接続する場合に比べて、外部抵抗R1の分だけ大きい。
第2スイッチング素子Tr2のソースは、半田141、第2接続金属部材120、N端子用導体層107、ワイヤ122および第2ソースセンス端子用導体層109を介して、第2ソースセンス端子SS2に接続されている。したがって、第2スイッチング素子Tr2のソースと第2ソースセンス端子SS2の間には、半田141、第2接続金属部材120およびN端子用導体層107によって形成される電流経路に寄生している抵抗(外部抵抗)R2を含む配線抵抗が存在する。この実施形態では、第2スイッチング素子Tr2のソースと第2ソースセンス端子SS2の間の配線抵抗は、第2スイッチング素子Tr2のソースにワイヤ212の一端を直接接続する場合に比べて、外部抵抗R2の分だけ大きい。
この出願は、2013年11月20日に日本国特許庁に提出された特願2013−240105号に対応しており、その出願の全開示はここに引用により組み込まれるものとする。
2 樹脂パッケージ
3 ソース端子
4 センスソース端子
5 ゲート端子
6 ドレイン端子
11 半導体チップ
12 ドレインパッド
13 ソースパッド
14 ゲートパッド
16 ソース用ワイヤ
17 センスソース用ワイヤ
19 MOSFET
22,R1〜R4 外部抵抗
31 インバータ回路
32 第1のスイッチングデバイス
33 第2のスイッチングデバイス
34 第3のスイッチングデバイス
35 第4のスイッチングデバイス
40 制御部
41 電源
42 負荷
51 増幅回路
52 第1の切替回路
53 ゲート抵抗
54 第2の切替回路
55 電流遮断抵抗
56 過電流検出回路
57 電流検出用抵抗
58 比較回路
59 電圧監視部
61 半導体モジュール
Tr1〜Tr4 スイッチング素子
Di1〜Di4 ダイオード素子
Claims (7)
- ゲート電極、ソース電極およびドレイン電極を有するSiCスイッチング素子と、
前記ドレイン電極と電気的に接続され、前記SiCスイッチング素子が搭載されるアイランドを有するドレイン端子と、
前記ゲート電極と電気的に接続されるゲート端子と、
前記ソース電極と電気的に接続されるソース端子と、
前記ソース電極と電気的に接続され、前記ソース端子とは離間する単一のセンスソース端子と、
前記SiCスイッチング素子、前記ゲート端子の一部、前記ソース端子の一部、前記センスソース端子の一部および前記ドレイン端子の一部を封止する樹脂パッケージとを備え、
前記ゲート端子、前記ソース端子、前記センスソース端子および前記ドレイン端子はそれぞれ前記樹脂パッケージに封止される封止部分と、前記樹脂パッケージに対して同一方向に延びて突出する端子部分とを有し、
前記ソース電極と前記ソース端子とは、互いに平行に延びる複数のソースワイヤによって接続されている、スイッチングデバイス。 - 前記ソース端子の端子部分と前記ドレイン端子の端子部分との間隔は、前記ソース端子の封止部分と前記ドレイン端子の封止部分との間隔よりも大きい、請求項1に記載のスイッチングデバイス。
- 前記ドレイン端子のアイランドは、前記ドレイン端子の封止部分に含まれており、
前記ソース端子は、前記ソース端子の封止部分に前記ソース端子の端子部分よりも幅が広いアイランドを有しており、
前記ソース端子の端子部分と前記ドレイン端子の端子部分との間隔は、前記ドレイン端子のアイランドと前記ソース端子のアイランドとの間隔よりも大きい、請求項1に記載のスイッチングデバイス。 - 前記ソース電極は、第1ボンディングワイヤによって前記ソース端子のアイランドに接続されており、
前記ゲート端子は、第2ボンディングワイヤによって前記ゲート端子の封止部分に接続されており、
前記センスソース端子の封止部分が、第3ボンディングワイヤによって前記ソース端子のアイランドに接続されている、請求項3に記載のスイッチングデバイス。 - 前記SiCスイッチング素子が、SiCトレンチMOSFETである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチングデバイス。
- 前記複数のソースワイヤは、一定の抵抗値を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチングデバイス。
- 前記複数のソースワイヤは、その構成材料、長さおよびワイヤ径が同一である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチングデバイス。
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