JP6480856B2 - 半導体モジュール - Google Patents
半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP6480856B2 JP6480856B2 JP2015242995A JP2015242995A JP6480856B2 JP 6480856 B2 JP6480856 B2 JP 6480856B2 JP 2015242995 A JP2015242995 A JP 2015242995A JP 2015242995 A JP2015242995 A JP 2015242995A JP 6480856 B2 JP6480856 B2 JP 6480856B2
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Description
この様な半導体モジュールにおいては、できる限り簡易な構成とすることで、小型化、大容量化、低インダクタンス化、低コスト化などを図ることが望まれている。
図1は、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置1および半導体モジュール100を例示するための模式平面図である。
図2は、図1におけるA−A線矢視図である。
図3は、図1におけるB−B線断面図である。
なお、煩雑となるのを避けるために、図3においては半導体装置1の内部構造を省いて描いている。
図4は、半導体装置1および半導体モジュール100の回路図である。
基板101は、例えば、酸化アルミニウムや窒化アルミニウムなどの無機材料(セラミックス)、紙フェノールやガラスエポキシなどの有機材料などから形成することができる。また、基板101は、金属板の表面を絶縁体で被覆したものであってもよい。なお、金属板の表面を絶縁体で被覆する場合には、絶縁体は、有機材料からなるものであってもよいし、無機材料からなるものであってもよい。
また、半導体装置1の発熱量が多い場合には、放熱性を高めるために熱伝導率の高い材料を用いて基板101を形成することが好ましい。この様な場合には、例えば、基板101は、酸化アルミニウムや窒化アルミニウムなどのセラミックス、金属板の表面を絶縁体で被覆したものなどから形成することが好ましい。
また、配線部102は、金属板などとしてもよい。配線部102を金属板とする場合には、配線部102の剛性が高くなるので、基板101を省くことができる。配線部102を金属板とすれば、インピーダンスの更なる低減を図ることができる。
配線部103は、導電性材料から形成されている。配線部103は、例えば、金属板とすることができる。配線部103は、例えば、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などから形成することができる。配線部103は、例えば、バスバー(busbar)とすることができる。配線部103の表面には、ニッケルメッキなどが施されていてもよい。
接合部105は、例えば、はんだや、銀ペーストなどの導電性の接合材料から形成されたものとすることができる。
また、接合部106は、配線部104と半導体装置1との間に設けられている。接合部106は、配線部104と半導体装置1とを電気的および機械的に接続している。
端子107の配線部103側とは反対側の端部の近傍には、配線用の孔を設けることができる。
端子108の配線部104側とは反対側の端部の近傍には、配線用の孔を設けることができる。
端子108は、導電性材料から形成されている。端子108の材料は、例えば、端子107の材料と同じとすることができる。
平板部109aの一方の端部には、屈曲部109cの一方の端部が接続されている。屈曲部109cの他方の端部には、平板部109bの一方の端部が接続されている。
平板部109bは、平板部109aと平行となるように設けられている。屈曲部109cは、平板部109aおよび平板部109bと交差する方向に延びている。
平板部109a、平板部109b、および屈曲部109cは、一体化されたものとすることができる。端子109は、例えば、短冊状の板材をクランク状に折り曲げることで形成されたものとすることができる。
平板部109bの屈曲部109c側とは反対側の端部は、平面視において、基板101の外側に設けられている。なお、平板部109bの屈曲部109c側とは反対側の端部は、平面視において、基板101の内側に設けられていてもよい。
平板部109bと基板101との間の距離は、端子107(端子108)と基板101との間の距離と同じとなるようにすることができる。
端子109(平板部109a、平板部109b、および屈曲部109c)は、導電性材料から形成されている。端子109の材料は、例えば、端子107の材料と同じとすることができる。
また、短冊状の端子107、短冊状の端子108、およびクランク状の端子109を例示したが、これらの形態は適宜変更することができる。端子107、端子108、および端子109の形態は、半導体モジュール100の外部に設けられた機器との位置関係などに応じて適宜変更することができる。
図5(a)、(b)は、半導体装置1、および半導体装置1と配線部103との接続を例示するための模式断面図である。
なお、図5(a)は、図1におけるC−C線断面図である。
図5(b)は、図1におけるD−D線断面図である。
図6(a)、(b)は、半導体装置1、および半導体装置1と配線部104との接続を例示するための模式断面図である。
なお、図6(a)は、図1におけるE−E線断面図である。
図6(b)は、図1におけるF−F線断面図である。
電極2は、平板状を呈している。電極2の平面形状は、例えば、長方形とすることができる。電極2は、導電性材料から形成されている。電極2は、例えば、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などから形成することができる。
凸部3aの側方には、配線9を設けるためのスペースが設けられている。凸部3aは、配線9との短絡を防止するために設けられている。そのため、凸部3aは、少なくともスイッチング素子4に向けて突出するものであればよい。
電極3は、導電性材料から形成されている。電極3は、例えば、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などから形成することができる。電極3の材料は、電極2の材料と同じとすることもできるし、電極2の材料と異なるものとすることもできる。
スイッチング素子4は、例えば、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)、FET(Field Effect Transistor)、GTO(Gate Turn-Off thyristor)、バイポーラトランジスタ(Bipolar transistor)などとすることができる。ただし、スイッチング素子4は、これらに限定されるわけではない。
なお、図4に例示をしたスイッチング素子4は、IGBTである。
整流素子5は、電極2および電極3により、スイッチング素子4と並列接続されている。
整流素子5は、例えば、ダイオードとすることができる。
接合部6は、例えば、はんだや、銀ペーストなどの導電性の接合材料から形成されたものとすることができる。
接合部7は、例えば、はんだや、銀ペーストなどの導電性の接合材料から形成されたものとすることができる。接合部7の材料は、接合部6の材料と同じとすることもできるし、接合部6の材料と異なるものとすることもできる。
なお、スイッチング素子4の厚みと整流素子5の厚みが異なる場合には、接合部6および接合部7の少なくともいずれかの厚みを調整すればよい。また、図示しない導電性のスペーサを用いて厚みの違いに対応することもできる。
端子8は、導電性材料から形成されている。端子8は、例えば、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などから形成することができる。
配線9は、端子8と、スイッチング素子4との間に設けられている。配線9の一方の端部は端子8に電気的に接続されている。配線9の他方の端部は、スイッチング素子4のゲート(または、ベース)に電気的に接続されている。配線9は、例えば、ワイヤーボンディング法を用いて、端子8、およびスイッチング素子4のゲート(または、ベース)に接合することができる。
電極2の、スイッチング素子4および整流素子5が設けられる側とは反対側の面2aは、封止部10から露出している。
電極3の、スイッチング素子4および整流素子5が設けられる側とは反対側の面3bは、封止部10から露出している。
この様な構成を有する半導体装置1は、例えば、インバータ回路のアームに用いることができる。
この場合、図1に示すように、3つの半導体装置1は、配線部103が延びる方向に沿って並べて設けられている。また、3つの半導体装置1は、配線部104が延びる方向に沿って並べて設けられている。
なお、並列接続される半導体装置1の数は、要求される電流値などに応じて適宜変更することができる。すなわち、並列接続される半導体装置1の数は、2つ以上とすることができる。
例えば、三相モータ用のインバータ装置の場合には、3つの半導体モジュール100が用いられる。
例えば、図4に示すように、配線部102と配線部103との間に複数設けられた半導体装置1は、スイッチング素子4のエミッタと整流素子5のアノードが配線部102と電気的に接続されている。
配線部102と配線部104との間に複数設けられた半導体装置1は、スイッチング素子4のコレクタと整流素子5のカソードが配線部102と電気的に接続されている。
図7に示すように、インバータ装置200には、半導体モジュール100、筐体201、駆動回路202、および冷却部203が設けられている。
なお、半導体モジュール100の端子107には、図示しない直流電源のプラス側が接続される。端子108には、図示しない直流電源のマイナス側が接続される。
駆動回路202は、例えば、端子8を介して制御信号をスイッチング素子4のゲート(または、ベース)に印加する。半導体モジュール100は、駆動回路202からの制御信号に基づいて、図示しない直流電源から供給された直流電力を所望の交流電力に変換する。変換された交流電力は、インバータ装置200に接続された機器(例えば、三相モータなど)に供給される。
冷却部203は、筐体201の外面に設けられている。冷却部203は、半導体モジュール100の基板101側(例えば、半導体モジュール100の下方)に設けられている。冷却部203は、例えば、放熱フィンなどとすることができる。
前述したように、端子8はL字状の形態を有している。そのため、半導体モジュール100の上方に設けられた駆動回路202との接続が容易となる。
図8(a)〜(c)は、比較例に係る半導体モジュール300を例示するための模式図である。
なお、図8(a)は、半導体モジュール300の模式平面図、図8(b)は図8(a)におけるG−G線断面図、図8(c)は図8(a)におけるH−H線断面図である。
配線部303および配線部304は、短冊状の金属板をクランク状に折り曲げることで形成されたものとすることができる。
端子307および端子308は、短冊状の金属板をクランク状に折り曲げることで形成されたものとすることができる。
ここで、複数の半導体装置1は、基板101に対して同じ向きに接続されている。例えば、全ての半導体装置1は、スイッチング素子4のコレクタと整流素子5のカソードが基板101側となるように、配線部302bまたは配線部302cの上に実装されている。 そして、図4に例示をしたような接続は、配線部302a、配線部303、および配線部304により行っている。
また、半導体装置1の列と、半導体装置1の列との間を延びる配線部302aは、幅が狭くなる。そのため、インダクタンスが増加するおそれがある。
この場合、配線部302aの幅を広くすると、インダクタンスは小さくすることができるが半導体モジュール300の大型化を招くことになる。また、半導体モジュール300の大きさを所定のものとすると、設けることができる半導体装置1の数が少なくなり大容量化が図れなくなるおそれがある。また、半導体モジュール300の構成が複雑となるため、高コスト化を招くことになる。
そして、図4に例示をした接続は、配線部102、配線部103、および配線部104により行っている。
そのため、簡易な構成を有する半導体モジュール100とすることができる。
また、配線部102の厚み方向における断面積を大きくすることが容易となるので、インダクタンスを低減させることができる。
また、配線部102はパターン配線とする必要がないので、半導体装置1の列と、半導体装置1の列との間の距離を短くすることができる。そのため、半導体モジュール100の小型化および大容量化を図ることができる。また、簡易な構成を有する半導体モジュール100とすることができるので、低コスト化を図ることができる。
そのため、配線部102と配線部104との間に設けられた半導体装置1の端子8の屈曲方向が、配線部102と配線部103との間に設けられた半導体装置1の端子8の屈曲方向と逆となる。
この場合、端子8は、封止部10の厚み方向における中心位置に保持されている。そのため、端子8を屈曲させる際に同じ金型を用いることが可能となる。また、封止部10を形成する際に用いる金型で、端子8の屈曲をも行う様にすることもできる。
この場合、配線部102と配線部103との間に設けられた半導体装置1においては、電極2が基板101側に設けられる(図5(a)、(b)を参照)。
配線部102と配線部104との間に設けられた半導体装置1においては、電極3が基板101側に設けられる(図6(a)、(b)を参照)。
電極2は、平板状を呈している。電極3は、凸部3aを有している。そのため、電極2の熱抵抗と電極3の熱抵抗が異なるものとなる。
電極2の熱抵抗と電極3の熱抵抗が異なると、半導体モジュール100における温度分布の均一化が図れなくなるおそれがある。
図9に示すように、半導体装置1aにおいては、電極2に代えて電極3を設ける様にしている。すなわち、電極2と電極3は、同じ形態を有するものとしている。
この様にすれば、基板101に対する半導体装置1aの向きが逆になったとしても、同じような放熱を行うことができる。
そのため、半導体モジュール100における温度分布の均一化を図ることができる。
Claims (7)
- 1つの第1の配線部と、
前記第1の配線部と対峙して設けられた第2の配線部と、
前記第1の配線部と対峙して設けられた第3の配線部と、
前記第1の配線部と前記第2の配線部との間に複数設けられ、それぞれが前記第1の配線部と前記第2の配線部に沿うとともに、前記第1の配線部と前記第2の配線部に電気的に接続された第1の半導体装置と、
前記第1の配線部と前記第3の配線部との間に複数設けられ、それぞれが前記第1の配線部と前記第3の配線部に沿うとともに、前記第1の配線部と前記第3の配線部に電気的に接続された第2の半導体装置と、
を備え、
前記複数の第1の半導体装置のそれぞれは、入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有する第1のスイッチング素子と、前記第1のスイッチング素子と並列接続された整流素子と、を有し、前記第1のスイッチング素子の前記入力端子が前記第2の配線部に電気的に接続され、前記第1のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子が前記第1の配線部に電気的に接続されることで、複数の前記第1のスイッチング素子が前記第1の配線部と前記第2の配線部により並列接続され、前記整流素子のアノードが前記第1の配線部と電気的に接続され、複数の前記制御端子のそれぞれに個別的に制御信号が印加可能とされ、
前記複数の第2の半導体装置のそれぞれは、入力端子、出力端子、および制御端子を有する第2のスイッチング素子と、前記第2のスイッチング素子と並列接続された整流素子と、を有し、前記第2のスイッチング素子の前記出力端子が前記第3の配線部に電気的に接続され、前記第2のスイッチング素子の前記入力端子が前記第1の配線部に電気的に接続されることで、複数の前記第2のスイッチング素子が前記第1の配線部と前記第3の配線部により並列接続され、前記整流素子のカソードが前記第1の配線部と電気的に接続され、複数の前記制御端子のそれぞれに個別的に制御信号が印加可能とされ、
前記第1の配線部は、絶縁性を有する基板の上に設けられ、
前記第1の配線部の平面形状は、前記基板の平面形状と同じである半導体モジュール。 - 前記第2の配線部および前記第3の配線部は、金属板である請求項1記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記第2の配線部および前記第3の配線部は、バスバーである請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記第2の配線部の平面形状は、長方形である請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記第3の配線部の平面形状は、長方形である請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記複数の第1の半導体装置のそれぞれ、および、前記複数の第2の半導体装置のそれぞれは、
第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極と対峙して設けられた第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられたスイッチング素子と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられ、前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極により前記スイッチング素子と並列接続された整流素子と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間を封止する封止部と、
一方の端部側が、前記封止部の厚み方向における中心位置において前記封止部に保持された端子と、
を備えた請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の半導体モジュール。 - 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極は、少なくとも前記スイッチング素子に向けて突出する凸部を有し、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極は、同じ形態を有している請求項6記載の半導体モジュール。
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