JP2010225511A - 電解質及び二次電池 - Google Patents
電解質及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010225511A JP2010225511A JP2009073516A JP2009073516A JP2010225511A JP 2010225511 A JP2010225511 A JP 2010225511A JP 2009073516 A JP2009073516 A JP 2009073516A JP 2009073516 A JP2009073516 A JP 2009073516A JP 2010225511 A JP2010225511 A JP 2010225511A
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- electrolyte
- secondary battery
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】多孔質粒子、イオン性液体、支持電解質塩からなる電解質であり、動的弾性率が105Pa以上である電解質とする。多孔質粒子は、500m2/g以上1000m2/g以下の比表面積を持ち、5μm以上50μm以下の粒子径を有し、金属酸化物を骨格とし、規則的に配置されたメソ細孔を有するメソポーラス無機粒子であることが好ましい。また、当該電解質を、正極と負極の間に保持した二次電池、好ましくはリチウム二次電池とする。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明の電解質中に含まれるイオン性液体は、常温(25℃)において溶融状態にあるイオン性物質のことであり、カチオン種とアニオン種とを有する塩であれば特に原手されない。これら化合物は溶媒をほとんど用いず電解質として使用できることが多く、単独で電解質として使用できる場合も多い。
本発明に係る支持電解質塩としては、任意のものを用いることができるが、好ましくは周期律表Ia族またはIIa族に属する金属イオンの塩が用いられる。周期律表Ia族またはIIa族に属する金属イオンとしては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムのイオンが好ましい。金属イオンの塩のアニオンとしては、ハロゲン化物イオン(I−、Cl−、Br−等)、SCN−、BF4 −、PF6 −、ClO4 −、SbF6 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(CF3CF2SO2)2N−、Ph4B−、(C2H4O2)2B−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3COO−、CF3SO3 −、C6F5SO3 −等が挙げられる。アニオンとしては、SCN−、BF4 −、PF6 −、ClO4 −、SbF6 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(CF3CF2SO2)2N−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3SO3 −がより好ましい。
本発明における粒子の形状は多孔質である。多孔質とは内部に無数の微細な穴が空いている微粒子である。
本発明では、上記の電解質構成要素とともに最大で50質量%まで溶媒を使用することができる。しかし、保存安定性の観点からは溶媒を用いないほうがより好ましい。
本発明では、電解質はポリマー、オイルゲル化剤等を添加させて使用することもできる。但し、電解質のイオン伝導の点からはポリマー、オイルゲル化剤などは用いないほうがより好ましい。ポリマーを添加させる場合は、“Polymer Electrolyte Reviews−1及び2”(J.R.MacCallumとC.A.Vincentの共編、ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE)に記載された化合物を使用することができるが、特にポリアクリロニトリル、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが好ましく使用することができる。
正極活物質としては、無機系活物質、有機系活物質、これらの複合体が例示できるが、無機系活物質あるいは無機系活物質と有機系活物質の複合体が、特にエネルギー密度が大きくなる点から好ましい。
負極については特に制限はなく、集電体に負極活物質を密着させたものが利用できる。黒鉛系やスズ合金系などの粉末を、スチレンブタジエンゴムやポリフッ化ビニリデンなどの結着材とともにペースト状として集電体上に塗布して、乾燥後、プレス成形して作製したものが利用できる。物理蒸着(スパッタリング法や真空蒸着法など)によって、3〜5ミクロンのシリコン系薄膜を集電体上に直接形成したシリコン系薄膜負極なども利用できる。
本発明に用いる電極合剤としては、導電剤、結着剤やフィラーなどの他に、リチウム塩、非プロトン性有機溶媒等が添加されたものが挙げられる。
正・負極の集電体としては、本発明の二次電池において化学変化を起こさない電子伝導体が用いられる。正極の集電体としては、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、チタンなどの他にアルミニウムやステンレス鋼の表面にカーボン、ニッケル、チタンあるいは銀を処理させたものが好ましく、その中でも、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金がより好ましい。負極の集電体としては、銅、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、チタンが好ましく、銅あるいは銅合金がより好ましい。
ここでは、本発明の非水電解質二次電池の作製について説明する。本発明の二次電池の形状としては、シート、角、シリンダーなどいずれの形にも適用できる。正極活物質や負極活物質の電極合剤は、集電体の上に塗布(コート)、乾燥、圧縮されて、主に用いられる。
(メソポーラスシリカ粒子の作製)
臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム3.645gを純水100mlに溶解し、その中に1M塩酸4.41mlを入れた。次いで、この溶液を室温で撹拌している中に、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)20gを純水44mlに溶解した溶液を5minで添加した。その後、高圧水銀灯ランプ(100W)を約2.5×1016/sec/cm2の光量で照射下に、撹拌を24時間行った。
(電解質1〜11の調製)
使用した上記作製のメソポーラスシリカ粒子は予め乾燥機に入れ、減圧ポンプで0torrまで減圧し、100℃、4時間の乾燥を行った。次に表1に記載の通りに、イオン性液体3.2g、LiN(CF3SO2)20.29gをドライボックス中で乳鉢で混合した。更にメソポーラスシリカ粒子を0.96g徐々に乳鉢に加え混合し、電解質1〜11を調製した。
(正極シートの作製)
正極活物質として、LiCoO2を43質量部、鱗片状黒鉛2質量部、アセチレンブラック2質量部、更に結着剤としてポリアクリロニトリル3質量部を加え、アクリロニトリル100質量部を媒体として混練して得られたスラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に、エクストルージョン式塗布機を使って塗設し、乾燥後カレンダープレス機により圧縮成形した後、端部にアルミニウム製のリード板を溶接し、厚さ95μm、幅54mm×長さ49mmの正極シートを作製、露点−40℃以下の乾燥空気中、230℃で30分脱水乾燥した。
ドライボックス中で、幅54mm×長さ49mmの脱水乾燥済み正極シート状に、上記電解質1〜11にアセトリルを加え、粘度を落としたゲルをワイヤーバーで塗布し、80℃でアセトニトリルを乾燥することによって膜厚40μmの層を形成した。
HAAKE製レオメーター(RS150)を用いて動的弾性率を測定した。
得られた各二次電池を0.2Cの定電流で4.2Vになるまで、引き続き4.2Vの定電流で充電を行った。定電流充電開始から定電圧終了までの総時間は7時間とした。充電後の各二次電池について、4.2Vから3.0Vになるまで、0.2Cで放電させて初期化を行った。更に、60℃に保たれたオーブン中で0.5Cの定電流で充電、1Cの定電流で放電を連続して行った。初期化後、一度目の充電容量に対して容量が20%ダウンするまでにかかった充放電サイクル数を耐久性の指標とする。
b:N−Methyl−N−propylpiperidinium・bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide。
Claims (5)
- 多孔質粒子、イオン性液体、支持電解質塩からなる電解質であり、動的弾性率が105Pa以上であることを特徴とする電解質。
- 前記多孔質粒子が500m2/g以上1000m2以下の比表面積を持つことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解質。
- 前記多孔質粒子が粒子径が5μm以上50μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電解質。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電解質を正極と負極の間に保持してなることを特徴とする二次電池。
- 前記二次電池がリチウム二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の二次電池。
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WO2014092312A1 (ko) | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 이온성 액체를 포함하는 고체 전해질 |
JP2017059432A (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 擬似固体電解質およびそれを用いた全固体リチウム二次電池 |
JP2017130448A (ja) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-07-27 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 溶融塩を含む電解質を用いた蓄電デバイス |
WO2019088196A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | アイメック・ヴェーゼットウェー | 固体電解質、電極、蓄電素子及び固体電解質の製造方法 |
WO2019208110A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-10-31 | 日立化成株式会社 | 電解質スラリー組成物、電解質シートの製造方法、及び二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2020043054A (ja) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固形状マグネシウムイオン伝導体、および、それを用いた二次電池 |
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Also Published As
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US20100248025A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
US9017864B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
GB2468954A (en) | 2010-09-29 |
GB201004690D0 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
JP5359440B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
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