JP2008243612A - 非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008243612A JP2008243612A JP2007082697A JP2007082697A JP2008243612A JP 2008243612 A JP2008243612 A JP 2008243612A JP 2007082697 A JP2007082697 A JP 2007082697A JP 2007082697 A JP2007082697 A JP 2007082697A JP 2008243612 A JP2008243612 A JP 2008243612A
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- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- current collector
- electrode current
- electrolyte battery
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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Abstract
【解決手段】リチウムイオン吸蔵電位が0.4V(VS.Li/Li+)以上の負極活物質を含む負極層4bと、前記負極層4bが担持され、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体4aとを含む負極4と、正極活物質を含む正極層3bと、前記正極層3bが担持され、前記負極集電体4aよりも大きな総面積及び静電比容量を有し、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の正極集電体3aとを含む正極3と、非水電解質とを具備することを特徴する。
【選択図】 図1
Description
正極活物質を含む正極層と、前記正極層が担持され、前記負極集電体よりも大きな総面積及び静電比容量を有し、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の正極集電体とを含む正極と、
非水電解質と
を具備することを特徴する。
リチウムイオン吸蔵電位が0.4V(VS.Li/Li+)以上の負極活物質を含む負極層と、前記負極層が担持され、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体とを含む負極と、
正極活物質を含む正極層と、前記正極層が担持され、前記負極集電体よりも大きな総面積及び静電比容量を有し、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の正極集電体とを含む正極と、
非水電解質と
を具備することを特徴する。
リチウムイオン吸蔵電位が0.4V(VS.Li/Li+)以上の負極活物質を含む負極層と、前記負極層が担持され、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体とを含む負極と、
正極活物質を含む正極層と、前記正極層が担持され、前記負極集電体よりも大きな総面積及び静電比容量を有し、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の正極集電体とを含む正極と、
非水電解質と
を具備することを特徴する。
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、リチウムイオン吸蔵電位が0.4V(VS.Li/Li+)以上の負極活物質を用いる非水電解質電池において、正極集電体及び負極集電体の双方をアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金から形成し、正極集電体の総面積及び静電比容量を負極集電体よりも大きくすることにより、高温性能が改善されることを見出したのである。具体的には、本発明によると、高温環境条件下でも充放電サイクル性能に優れ、かつこのような条件下での保存の際にも高い容量回復率が得られる非水電解質電池を実現できる。
但し、Anは前記負極集電体の総面積で、Apは前記正極集電体の総面積である。
この負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の片面もしくは両面に担持され、負極活物質、導電剤および結着剤を含む負極層とを含む。
この正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の片面もしくは両面に担持され、正極活物質、導電剤および結着剤を含む正極層とを含む。
非水電解質としては、電解質を有機溶媒に溶解することにより調製される液状非水電解質、液状電解質と高分子材料を複合化したゲル状非水電解質、またはリチウム塩電解質と高分子材料を複合化した固体非水電解質が挙げられる。また、リチウムイオンを含有した常温溶融塩(イオン性融体)を非水電解質として使用してもよい。
セパレータとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、セルロース、またはポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を含む多孔質フィルム、合成樹脂製不織布等を挙げることができる。ポリエチレン又はポリプロピレンからなる多孔質フィルムは、一定温度において溶融し、電流を遮断することが可能であり、安全性向上の観点から好ましい。また、セルロース製不織布は、多孔度が高いため、高温貯蔵での抵抗成分による目詰まりを抑えられる。
外装部材としては、肉厚0.5mm以下のラミネートフィルム製容器や、肉厚0.5mm以下の金属製容器などが挙げられる。容器の形状は非水電解質電池の形態に応じたものにする。非水電解質電池の形態としては、扁平型、角型、円筒型、コイン型、ボタン型、シート型、積層型、電気自動車等に積載される大型電池等が挙げられる。
第2の実施の形態に係る電池パックは、第1の実施の形態に係る非水電解質電池を単電池として備える。単電池の数は複数にすることができる。各々の単電池は電気的に直列もしくは並列に配置され、組電池を為している。
第3の実施形態に係る自動車は、第2の実施形態に係る電池パックを備える。一般に、車載用の電池パックには、10C程度以上の大電流が流れる。第1の実施形態の単電池は、大電流で放電させた際の正極の過放電による劣化を抑制できるため、大電流での充放電サイクル性能にも優れている。よって、単電池間の充放電サイクル寿命のばらつきを小さくすることができるため、第2の実施形態の電池パックは大電流でのサイクル性能に優れる。従って、第3の実施形態に係る自動車は、駆動源の特性維持に優れる。ここでいう自動車としては、二輪〜四輪のハイブリッド電気自動車、二輪〜四輪の電気自動車、アシスト自転車などが挙げられる。
図17及び図18には、第4の実施形態に係る充電式掃除機の一例を示す。充電式掃除機は、運転モードを選ぶ操作部75、集塵するための吸引力を生み出すファンモータ等で構成された電動送風装置74および制御回路73を備える。これらを駆動する電源として第2の実施形態に係る電池パック72が掃除機の筐体70内に収容されている。このような可搬式装置に電池パックを収容する場合、振動による影響を避けるため緩衝材を介して電池パックを固定することが望ましい。また、電池パックを適正な温度に維持するために、周知の技術を適用することができる。置き台兼用の充電器71は、充電器機能の一部または全部が筐体70内に収容されていても構わない。
<負極の作製>
活物質として、平均粒子径0.5μmでLi吸蔵電位が1.55V(vs.Li/Li+)のチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)粉末と、導電剤として平均粒子径0.4μmの炭素粉末と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを重量比で90:7:3となるように配合し、これらをn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒に分散してスラリーを調製した。
但し、W0は電極総重量(g)で、W1は集電体重量(g)で、T0は電極厚さ(cm)で、T1は集電体厚さ(cm)で、Sは負極面積で、この場合、25cm2である。
活物質としてリチウムコバルト酸化物(LiCoO2)と、導電材として黒鉛粉末と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを重量比で87:8:5となるように配合し、これらをn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒に分散させてスラリーを調製した。厚さ20μmのアルミニウム合金箔(純度99.3%、銅含有量0.2重量%、総表面積(両面の合計):3800cm2)を、塩酸水溶液中で交流を印加して細かいピット(0.1〜0.5μm)を均一に形成、純水で洗浄後、乾燥するという化学エッチングにより粗面化処理を施し、静電比容量を80μF/cm2とした。正極集電体の総面積には、正極集電体の長辺の長さと短辺の長さとの積を2倍した値を使用した。
正極集電体の静電比容量を下記表1に示す値にすること以外は、上述した実施例1と同様な構成の非水電解質電池を製造した。実施例1〜5は、正極の集電体の静電容量の効果を調べるためのものである。
負極集電体の静電容量を下記表1に示すように変更すること以外は、上述した実施例1と同様な構成の非水電解質電池を製造した。実施例6〜8は、負極集電体の静電比容量の効果を調べるためのものである。
厚さ20μmのアルミニウム合金箔(純度99.3%、マンガン含有量0.1重量%)を交流エッチングすることにより粗面化処理を施し、静電比容量が80μF/cm2としたものを正極集電体として用いること以外は、実施例1と同様な非水電解質電池を製造した。
正極集電体の総面積と負極集電体の総面積の比を下記表1に示すように変更すること以外は、上述した実施例1と同様な構成の非水電解質電池を製造した。実施例10〜12,14は、正極の集電体の総面積と負極の集電体の総面積の比の効果を調べるためのものである。
正極活物質に、表面の一部がMgO層で被覆されたLiCoO2粒子を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に非水電解質電池を作製した。
正負極集電体の静電比容量と総面積を下記表1に示すように設定すること以外は、上述した実施例1と同様な構成の非水電解質電池を製造した。
正極層の目付け量が250g/m2で、正負極集電体の静電比容量と総面積を下記表1に示す値にすること以外、実施例1と同様な構成の非水電解質電池を製造した。
試験(2)は、45℃環境下において、5Cレート、2.8Vの定電流定電圧充電を15分間行った後、1Cレートで1.5Vまでの定電流放電を繰り返し、1000サイクル後、100%充電状態での電池の放電の直流抵抗上昇率を測定した。
Claims (13)
- リチウムイオン吸蔵電位が0.4V(VS.Li/Li+)以上の負極活物質を含む負極層と、前記負極層が担持され、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体とを含む負極と、
正極活物質を含む正極層と、前記正極層が担持され、前記負極集電体よりも大きな総面積及び静電比容量を有し、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金製の正極集電体とを含む正極と、
非水電解質と
を具備することを特徴する非水電解質電池。 - 前記負極集電体及び前記正極集電体は下記(1)式を満足することを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質電池。
1<Ap/An≦1.2 (1)
但し、Anは前記負極集電体の総面積で、Apは前記正極集電体の総面積である。 - Anは500cm2以上であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極集電体片面当りの前記正極層の量は20g/m2以上、200g/m2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極集電体の静電比容量は20μF/cm2以上、150μF/cm2以下であり、前記負極集電体の静電比容量は20μF/cm2未満であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極集電体は、アルミニウム純度が99%以上で、銅及びマンガンのうち少なくとも一方の元素を0.05重量%以上、0.3重量%以下含むアルミニウム合金箔であることを特徴する請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、リチウムコバルト系酸化物及びスピネル構造を有するリチウムマンガン系酸化物のうち少なくとも一方の酸化物であることを特徴する請求項1〜6いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物は、表面にMg,Al、Ti,Sn,Zr,Ba及びBよりなる群から選択される一種以上の元素が存在しているコバルト酸リチウム粒子であることを特徴する請求項1〜7いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、リチウムチタン酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、スピネル構造を有するチタン酸リチウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極活物質の平均粒子径は1μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1〜11いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池を具備することを特徴とする電池パック。
- 請求項1〜11いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池を具備することを特徴とする自動車。
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JP2013153013A (ja) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-08-08 | Tdk Corp | 蓄電装置及び蓄電装置用電極 |
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Also Published As
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CN101276937B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
KR100986876B1 (ko) | 2010-10-08 |
US8420262B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
US20080241689A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
KR20080087718A (ko) | 2008-10-01 |
JP4435194B2 (ja) | 2010-03-17 |
CN101276937A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
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