JP2008211829A - ダイバーシチ送信を伴う加入者位置測定のための無線電話システム - Google Patents
ダイバーシチ送信を伴う加入者位置測定のための無線電話システム Download PDFInfo
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- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/10—Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements, e.g. omega or decca systems
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Abstract
【解決手段】同期情報を含むパケットを異なるアンテナから異なる時点で送信する。移動局はパケットを異なる時点で異なるアンテナから受信し、最良のパケットまたはこれらパケットの組合せを用いてフェージングの影響を低減する。基地局において空間的に別個のアンテナ位置でデータパケット反復を形成する。また、TDMA信号を用いて符号分割多元接続(CDMA)系列を変調する。したがって、各パケットは移動局加入者にCDMAリンク経由で異なる時点で送信される。一つの実施例では、各送信局は三つのスペースダイバーシチアンテナを備える。第2の実施例では各々が一つの空間的に別個のアンテナを有する三つの転送局を用いる。
【選択図】図4
Description
図1に示したこの発明の第1の実施例においては、アンテナ10を備える移動局ユーザがCDMA転送局14に結合されている。CDMA転送局14はアンテナT16、アンテナA11、アンテナB12、アンテナC13を備える。アンテナA、BおよびCは図示のとおり互いに別個の構造物に取り付けるか、単一のマストに取り付ける。物理的要件はこれらアンテナ相互間の間隔を非相関スペースダイバーシチ達成に十分な値にすることだけである。4分の1波長間隔で十分であるが、少なくとも10波長間隔にするのが好ましい。1GHzでは10波長は約30フィート、5GHzでは10波長は約6フィートである。
図4は高度化したスペースダイバーシチを備える無線電話分配システムを図解している。先の例と同様に、移動機ユーザアンテナ10を時間スロット1の期間中にアンテナAと、時間スロット2の期間中にアンテナBと、時間スロット3の期間中にアンテナCとそれぞれ結合する。しかし、アンテナA、BおよびCは互いに別々のCDMA転送局54、56および58にそれぞれ取り付けてある。より詳しくいうと、アンテナA60はCDMA転送局54に設けてあり、アンテナB68はCDMA転送局56に設けてあり、アンテナC64はCDMA転送局58に設けてある。これら転送局54、56および58はアンテナ62、70および66をそれぞれ経てTDMA無線ディジタル電話システムに結合されている。アンテナA、BおよびCから加入者局アンテナ10の受ける信号は図4の構成の受信信号と同様である。しかし、アンテナA、BおよびCがそれぞれ個々の転送局54、56、58にあって互いに隔てられているので、信号ダイバーシチが送信および受信の両方で大幅に改善されている。
回線設定または転送を要する場合は、基地局が基地局周波数および転送局周波数の対、スロットおよびPN系列を割り当てる。次に、その回線をどの加入者が使うのかの割当ておよび指定のすべてを転送局に送信する。呼セットアップの期間中に、その転送局がスロットおよびPN系列割当てを所望の加入者局に転送する。例えば、TDMA時間スロット1乃至8をユーザA乃至Fにそれぞれ関連づけた図17を参照されたい。所与の時間スロット、例えば時間スロット2では、ユーザBへのメッセージは同期情報1701、システム全体の機能のための共通制御データ1702、個別制御データ1704およびユーザBのための専用ユーザトラフィック1705を含む。専用ユーザトラフィック1705は呼セットアップ期間中にシグナリング情報および初期化データの送信に用いる。
信号圧縮および圧縮解除、順方向誤り訂正(FEC)を基地局で行う。順方向(加入者局に向かう方向)では、基地局が連続的に送信するが各スロットの情報は特定の加入者局に向けられる。
正しいCDMA符号を用いる加入者局は、情報信号反復を含む三つのスロットの各々の期間中に、互いに異なる位置に配置してある三つのアンテナからのデータパケットの同一内容三回反復を受信するやり方で受信を行う。次に、加入者局は三つの受信結果を比較して、誤り率、位相歪み、信号対雑音比などに基づく最良品質のものを選択する。このようにして、スペースダイバーシチ送信を達成できる。加入者局ではアンテナは一つだけでよい。加入者局は信号を復調して復号化し、誤り訂正、圧縮解除などを行う。三つの時間スロット全部からの信号電力の組合せに最大尤度コンバイナを用いることができる。受信データパケットのエネルギーを最小判定の前に最大値手法で組み合わせるのが理想的である。
逆方向(加入者局から転送局に向かう方向)については、三つの受信装置を転送局の三つのアンテナにそれぞれ接続して慣用の三分岐スペースダイバーシチを形成する。干渉および利用可能回線数の上記分析が順方向送信の場合と同様に逆方向送信にも適合するが、情報が一度だけ送信され三つの基地局アンテナで同時に受信される点だけが異なっている。
CDMA転送局はアンテナTにTDMA入力を受ける。転送局アンテナA、BおよびCの出力側は人口密度の比較的高い地域における多数の加入者に到達するためにCDMA構成を用いる。CDMAはこの用途に望ましいいくつかの属性を備える。マルチパス環境では広帯域信号はもともと強く、意図的または自然の干渉への耐性を備える。選択性フェージングによって全スペクトラムが抑圧される可能性は送信スペクトラムの増加とともに減少する。高いチップ速度、すなわち増大したTW積は所期性能レベルの達成に必要な対フェージングマージンの大きさを軽減させる。
この発明の第2の実施例による転送局を図12に示す。この転送局は一つだけのCDMAアンテナA、BまたはCを備えている点を除き図8および9の転送局と同じである。より詳しくいうと、図12においてアンテナ1200が送受信切換スイッチ1202経由でTDMA受信機1204に接続されている。TDMA受信機1204の出力はデマルチプレクサ1206でデマルチプレクスされ時間スロットバッファ1208に蓄積される。時間スロットバッファ1208に蓄積したデータパケットはマルチプレクサ1210で時間多重化されて複数のCDMAエンコーダ1212の一つに供給される。エンコードされたCDMA信号はCDMA送信機1214で増幅され、ダイプレクサ1218経由でアンテナA1228に導かれる。
この発明による加入者局のブロック図を図13に示す。アンテナ1300が送受信切換スイッチ1302経由でCDMA受信機1304に接続してある。CDMA受信機1304の出力はデータパケットをデータバッファ1306、1308および1310に供給する。コンバイナ1314はバッファ1306、1308および1310に保持されたデータを選択して結合し、D−A変換器1316に出力を供給し、同変換器内の圧縮解除手段で圧縮信号を圧縮解除して可聴周波数出力を生ずる。アナログ可聴周波数入力はデータ圧縮手段つきのA−D変換器1322に供給される。A−D変換器1322の出力はメモリバッファ3120内でデータパケットに組み立てられたディジタル形式の可聴周波数信号サンプルである。CDMA送信機1318はメモリバッファ1320の内容でエンコードを行い、CDMA符号化した信号を送受信切換スイッチ1302経由でアンテナ1300に供給する。CDMA加入者局は同期およびタイミング制御装置1312、すなわち後述のとおり位置測定のための信号遅延の測定も行う制御装置が同期させる。
六つの同時的な呼を多重化する時間スロット割当てを図10Aに示す。送信用時間スロット割当て1002および受信用時間スロット割当て1004が図解してある。各囲みへの記入事項は対応時間スロット期間中の活動などである。時間スロット1の期間にはアンテナAがT1をユーザ1に送信し、アンテナBがT6をユーザ6に送信し、アンテナCがT4をユーザ4に送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはユーザ5からR5を受信する。次の時間スロット2の期間にはアンテナAがT2をユーザ2に、アンテナBがT1をユーザ1に、アンテナCがT5をユーザ5にそれぞれ送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはR6をユーザ6から受信する。図10Aの図表を続けて参照すると、時間スロット3の期間にはアンテナAがT3をユーザ3に、アンテナBがT2をユーザ2に、アンテナCがT6をユーザ6にそれぞれ送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはユーザ1からR1を受信する。
転送局とダイバーシチアンテナとの間の距離は1000フィート以上の広帯域ケーブル利用の性能強化により延長される。転送局は最終段無線周波数スペクトラム拡散信号をそのケーブル経由でアンテナに送る。そのケーブルの末端にあるアンテナは無線周波数増幅器を備える、ケーブルによる実動化分配信号は多元転送局送信ダイバーシチ受信手法について述べたのと同じ対通信障害改善をもたらす。
図20は乗用車およびそのアンテナをユーザアンテナUで表して図1または図4の無線リンクを示す。これら無線リンクは図10Aに示すように時間スロット割当てされている。無線リンクAUは時間スロット割当てを受けて時間スロット1の期間に形成される。無線リンクBUも時間スロット割当て式でスロット2の期間に形成される。無線リンクAUも時間スロット割当て式でスロット4の期間に形成される。無線リンクAUはUからアンテナAまでの絶対距離を確立する。アンテナAまでの距離が無線リンクAUとBUとの間の経路長差の測定の基準を形成する。同様に、無線リンクAUの経路長は無線リンクAUとCUとの間の経路長差の測定の基準としても使える。
加入者局受信機は既知の地点から三つの互いに異なる経路経由で情報を受信しているので、固定の基準時点に対するメッセージ到達時点の測定により位置特定情報を算出できる。測定精度はチップ速度に左右されるが、毎秒10メガチップのチップ速度で十分に正確である。ユーザ端末でどの程度の信号処理が可能であるかによって、位置測定および表示にはいくつかの方法がある。その選択はその情報を実際に使うのは誰かによる。相対チップオフセット情報だけを用い、現在位置のセルから基準を得るのでかなり受動的になりうる。ユーザはGPSシステムの利用の場合と同様に自局の位置を局地的に算出しそれを表示することもできる。
3 送信
5 走査
6 予備
10 CDMA転送局
11,12,13,16 アンテナ
14 CDMA(符号分割多元接続)転送局
20 公衆通信用電話交換網
22 電話交換センターおよび中央系処理装置
24 TDMA(時分割多元接続)基地局
26 CDMA転送局
40 TDMA加入者局
42 CDMA加入者局
54,56,58 転送局
60,64,68 アンテナ
72 公衆通信用電話交換網
74 TDMA基地局
92 電話交換センターおよび中央系処理装置
94 TDMA基地局
96,98,100,102,104,106,108 CDMA転送局
110 TDMA加入者局
112 CDMA加入者局
800 TDMA受信局
802 デマルチプレクサ
804 位置特定符号を含む同期および制御装置
806 時間スロットバッファ
808 時間マルチプレクサ
810,812,814 複数CDMAエンコーダ
816,818,820 CDMA送信機
828 TDMA受信機 図8のCDMA送信機
900 CDMA受信機 図9のTDMA送信機
902,904,906 CDMA受信機
908 最大尤度コンバイナ
910 メモリバッファおよび時間スロットマルチプレクサ
912 同期および制御装置
914 TDMA送信機
Claims (14)
- 第1および第2のアンテナを有する符号分割多元接続(CDMA)セルラー基地局による使用のための方法であって、
第1の時間スロットの期間に前記第1のアンテナから第1の同期情報を送信することであって、前記第1の同期情報の前記送信の期間は、前記第1の時間スロットの期間よりも少ないことと、
第2の時間スロットの期間に前記第2のアンテナから第2の同期情報を送信することであって、前記第2の同期情報の前記送信の期間は、前記第2の時間スロットの期間よりも少ないことと
を備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報は、符号を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報と整列した制御チャネルを送信することを備えることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記第1のアンテナおよび前記第2のアンテナは、空間的に離れていることを特徴とする方法。
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)セルラー基地局であって、
第1のアンテナと、
第2のアンテナと、
第1の時間スロットの期間に前記第1のアンテナから第1の同期情報を送信するように構成された回路であって、前記第1の同期情報の前記送信の期間が前記第1の時間スロットの期間よりも少ない回路と、
第2の時間スロットの期間に前記第2のアンテナから第2の同期情報を送信するように構成された回路であって、前記第2の同期情報の前記送信の期間が前記第2の時間スロットの期間よりも少ない回路と
を備えたことを特徴とするCDMA基地局。 - 請求項5に記載のCDMA基地局であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報は、符号を含むことを特徴とするCDMA基地局。
- 請求項5に記載のCDMA基地局であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報と整列した制御チャネルを送信するように構成された回路を備えたことを特徴とするCDMA基地局。
- 請求項5に記載のCDMA基地局であって、前記第1のアンテナおよび前記第2のアンテナは、空間的に離れていることを特徴とするCDMA基地局。
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)セルラー加入者局であって、
第1の時間スロットの期間に基地局から第1の同期情報の送信を受信するように構成されたアンテナであって、前記第1の同期情報の前記送信の期間が前記第1の時間スロットの期間よりも少なく、前記アンテナが第2の時間スロットの期間に第2の同期情報の送信を受信するように構成され、前記第2の同期情報の前記受信した送信の期間が前記第2の時間スロットの期間よりも少ないアンテナと、
前記第1および第2の同期情報を受信するように構成され、前記アンテナに結合された回路であって、前記CDMA加入者局は前記第1および第2の同期情報を用いて前記基地局と同期されるように構成された回路と
を備えたことを特徴とするCDMA加入者局。 - 請求項9に記載のCDMA加入者局であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報は、符号を含むことを特徴とするCDMA加入者局。
- 請求項9に記載のCDMA加入者局であって、前記同期情報と整列した制御チャネルを受信するように構成された回路を備えたことを特徴とするCDMA加入者局。
- アンテナを有する符号分割多元接続(CDMA)セルラー加入者局における使用のための方法であって、
第1の時間スロットの期間に前記アンテナで基地局からの第1の同期情報の送信を受信することであって、前記第1の同期情報の前記受信した送信の期間が前記第1の時間スロットの期間よりも少ないことと、
第2の時間スロットの期間に前記アンテナで基地局からの第2の同期情報の送信を受信することであって、前記第2の同期情報の前記受信した送信の期間が前記第2の時間スロットの期間よりも少ないことと、
前記第1および第2の同期情報を用いて前記CDMAセルラー加入者ユニットを前記基地局と同期することと
を備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法であって、前記第1および第2の同期情報は、符号を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であって、前記同期情報と整列した制御チャネルを受信することを備えることを特徴とする方法。
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EP (10) | EP1926231A3 (ja) |
JP (13) | JP4080529B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4462096A (ja) |
DE (3) | DE69535615T2 (ja) |
DK (3) | DK0779991T3 (ja) |
ES (4) | ES2296294T3 (ja) |
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