JP2001267356A - 電気接続用導電パッドを準備する方法および形成された導電パッド - Google Patents
電気接続用導電パッドを準備する方法および形成された導電パッドInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001267356A JP2001267356A JP2001032285A JP2001032285A JP2001267356A JP 2001267356 A JP2001267356 A JP 2001267356A JP 2001032285 A JP2001032285 A JP 2001032285A JP 2001032285 A JP2001032285 A JP 2001032285A JP 2001267356 A JP2001267356 A JP 2001267356A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrical connection
- copper pad
- pad surface
- layer
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 citrate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910020674 Co—B Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910009038 Sn—P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 33
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- YPTUAQWMBNZZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoboron Chemical compound [B]N(C)C YPTUAQWMBNZZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020646 Co-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020709 Co—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1607—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning
- C23C18/1608—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning from pretreatment step, i.e. selective pre-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1651—Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/1831—Use of metal, e.g. activation, sensitisation with noble metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1837—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1844—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/60—Attaching or detaching leads or other conductive members, to be used for carrying current to or from the device in operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
- H01L23/53228—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides the principal metal being copper
- H01L23/53238—Additional layers associated with copper layers, e.g. adhesion, barrier, cladding layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/03—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/11—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
- H05K13/06—Wiring by machine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/244—Finish plating of conductors, especially of copper conductors, e.g. for pads or lands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/0401—Bonding areas specifically adapted for bump connectors, e.g. under bump metallisation [UBM]
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- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12889—Au-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
- Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
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- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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Abstract
る電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する方法を提供する。 【解決手段】 まず、酸溶液によって清浄化した銅パッ
ド表面14を用意し、次いでリンまたはホウ素含有金属
合金の保護層16を銅パッド表面に付着させ、次いで貴
金属の接着層18を保護層上に付着させる。保護層の適
当な厚さは約1000Å〜約10000Åであり、約3
000Å〜約7000Åであることが好ましい。接着層
は、Au、Pt、Pd、Agなどの貴金属から、約50
0Å〜約4000Å、好ましくは約1000Å〜約20
00Åの厚さに形成することができる。あるいは、保護
層の無電解付着の前に銅導電パッド表面と保護層の間に
Pdの核生成層を付着させてもよい。
Description
の導電パッドを準備する方法および形成されたパッドに
関し、詳細には、ワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプに電
気接続するための導電性銅パッド表面を形成する方法お
よび形成された導電性銅パッドに関する。
C)チップは最終プロセス段階でパッケージに組み立て
られる。組み立てられたパッケージは次いで、大きな回
路の一部としてプリント回路板に接続される。集積回路
チップとの電気的連絡を確立するため、ワイヤ・ボンデ
ィング・プロセスまたははんだバンピング・プロセスを
使用して、ICチップ上の多数の接合パッドを外部回路
に接続する。
抵抗などのアクティブ回路部品がチップの中央部、すな
わちアクティブ領域に配置され、接合パッドは、後段の
ボンディング・プロセス中にアクティブ回路部品が損傷
を受けないようアクティブ領域の周囲に配置される。ワ
イヤ・ボンディング・プロセスを実行するとき、このプ
ロセスは、チップ上の接合パッドへの金またはアルミニ
ウム線のボンディングを伴う。これは、超音波エネルギ
ーを用いてパッドとワイヤを融合させることによって実
施される。接合を形成させた後、ワイヤを接合パッドか
ら外側に引っ張る。このワイヤ・プリング・プロセスは
しばしば、接合パッド・リフトオフとして知られる不良
の原因となる。接合パッド・リフトオフが起こるのは、
接合パッドに金線を接続するプロセス中に接合パッドに
高レベルの応力がかかる、すなわち、下位の層との接着
が不十分である可能性がある層の上に比較的に大きく重
いボンドが置かれるためである。
ぼす要因の1つに、後段の高温プロセス中に下位の導電
層中へアルミニウムが拡散することを防ぐTiNから形
成された拡散バリア層が一般的に使用されていることが
ある。利用される拡散バリア層、すなわちTiN、Ti
Wまたはその他の適当な合金は、接合パッド中の下位の
酸化物層と強く接着しない。これが、接合パッド・リフ
トオフ不良の原因の1つである。大きなボンディング応
力、強い引張り力なども、リフトオフ問題の一因であ
る。リフトオフの問題はほとんど、シリコン導電層と絶
縁層(すなわちSiO2層)の界面で起こる。
続を形成するワイヤボンド・プロセスの他に、接合パッ
ドから第2レベル・パッケージングまたは回路板への電
子信号の伝達のためチップをパッケージに接続するはん
だバンプ(または「C4」)プロセスも使用されてい
る。はんだバンプ・プロセスはIBM社によってもっぱ
ら使用され、IC業界の大部分はワイヤボンド技術を使
用している。従来のワイヤボンド・プロセスではチップ
表面の接合パッドが、高度に自動化された標準ツールに
よるアルミニウム線または金線の接続に適したアルミニ
ウムから形成される。しかし、ICチップのバック・エ
ンド・オブ・ライン(BEOL)の配線が全て銅配線で
ある最近の銅技術の導入で、はんだバンプおよびアルミ
ニウムまたは金ワイヤボンドはともに、銅接合パッド上
への直接処理、または相互拡散を防ぐための適当な薄膜
バリア金属をAlとCuの間に挟んでCuパッド上にパ
ターニングされた適当なAlキャップの追加(すなわ
ち、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる1999年5
月19日出願の「Robust Interconnect Structure」と
いう名称のIBM特許出願整理番号FI999−078
号)によって実行されるようになった。
銅の上に形成されたワイヤボンドは腐食、酸化および熱
拡散の問題にさらされるため、銅パッド上への直接ワイ
ヤボンドの実行は容易ではない。銅パッドへの直接ワイ
ヤボンドは信頼性が低く、障害が起こりやすい。Alパ
ッド・キャップ技法は、付着に加えてリソグラフィック
・パターン(マスク)/エッチング・サイクルを追加す
るので、コストがかなり追加される。したがって、銅接
合パッド、すなわち銅チップ上の接合パッドのワイヤボ
ンドに対して、IC産業で使用することができるマスク
レスの解決法を提供することの商業的意義は大きい。
的は、電気接続用導電パッド表面を準備する方法であっ
て、従来の方法の欠点または短所を持たない方法を提供
することにある。
はんだバンピング・プロセスによる電気接続用の導電パ
ッド表面を準備する方法を提供することにある。
ず保護層を形成し、次いで接着層を形成することによっ
て電気接続用導電パッド表面を準備する方法であって、
保護層と接着層がともに追加のフォトマスクおよびエッ
チング段階を必要としない方法を提供することにある。
(1999年5月14日出願の「Self-Aligned Corrosi
on Stop for Copper C4 and Wirebond」という名称のI
BM特許出願整理番号Fu998−181号を参照によ
って本明細書に組み込む。)
ウ素含有金属合金の保護フィルム層を銅パッドの表面に
付着させることによって、電気接続用導電パッド表面を
準備する方法を提供することにある。
に形成した保護層上に貴金属の接着層を付着させること
によって、電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する方法を提
供することにある。
表面を準備する方法であって、保護層の付着の前に貴金
属の核生成層を銅パッド表面に付着させる段階をさらに
含む方法を提供することにある。
形成するための導電パッドを提供することであって、銅
パッド表面、銅パッド表面上の保護層、およびワイヤボ
ンドまたははんだバンプを用いた電気接続を提供する保
護層上の接着層を含む導電パッドを提供することにあ
る。
ための電気構造であって、銅パッド表面、銅パッド表面
上の保護層、保護層上の接着層、および接着層と一体に
形成されたワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプ電気接続を
含む電気構造を提供することにある。
ボンドまたははんだバンプを用いた電気接続用の銅パッ
ド表面を準備する方法、およびこの方法によって形成さ
れる装置が提供される。
ド表面を準備する方法を、まず最初に銅パッド表面を用
意する操作段階、リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金の保護
層を銅パッド表面上に付着させる操作段階、および貴金
属の接着層を保護層上に付着させる段階によって実施す
ることができる。
法はさらに、保護層の付着の前に、貴金属の核生成層を
銅パッド表面上に付着させる段階を含むことができる。
この方法はさらに、酸溶液中で銅パッド表面を清浄化す
る段階、および貴金属の核生成層を銅パッド表面上に付
着させる段階を含むことができる。この核生成層は、パ
ラジウムまたはパラジウム・ナノパーティクルから付着
させることができる。Pdナノパーティクルを最も一般
的に使用するが、ルテニウム、レニウムなどのその他の
貴金属のナノパーティクルを使用することもできる。こ
の方法はさらに、核生成層を付着させた後に銅パッド表
面を水洗する段階、または保護層を無電解めっき技法に
よって付着させる段階を含むことができる。保護層を付
着させる段階はさらに、銅パッド表面を、コバルト・イ
オン、タングステン酸イオン、ホウ酸、クエン酸イオ
ン、酢酸鉛および次亜リン酸塩を含む無電解浴中の加熱
緩衝溶液と接触させる段階、および次いで銅パッド表面
を、ニッケル・イオン、クエン酸イオン、ホウ酸、次亜
リン酸ナトリウムまたはジメチルアミノボランを含む加
熱無電解溶液と接触させる段階を含むことができる。
法では、接着層を、Au、Pt、PdおよびAgから成
るグループから選択された金属から形成することができ
る。接着層は、浸漬Au溶液にこのICを浸すことによ
って形成することができる。接着層は、貴金属から、約
500Å〜約4000Åの厚さに形成することができ
る。リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金は、Ni−P、Co
−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−P、Ni−W−P、
Co−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn−B、Co−W−B、
Ni−W−Bから成るグループから選択することができ
る。保護層は、リンまたはホウ素を含むCoまたはNi
金属合金から、約1000Å〜約10000Åの厚さに
形成することができる。この方法はさらに、無電解めっ
き技法によって接着層上に貴金属層を、貴金属層の全厚
が約2000Å〜約12000Åとなるように付着させ
る段階を含むことができる。保護層はまた、それぞれが
リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金である別個の2つの層を
含むことができる。例えば、保護層を、Co−W−Pと
Ni−Pの複合層とすることができる。保護層をNi−
PまたはCo−W−P、接着層をAuとしてもよい。保
護層をNi−P、接着層を浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdと
してもよい。この方法はさらに、シリコン・ウェーハ、
シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハまたはシリコン・オ
ン・インシュレータ・ウェーハ基板上に銅パッドを形成
する段階を含むことができる。
法はさらに、銅パッド表面が載ったウェーハを個々のI
Cチップにダイシングする段階、および銅パッド表面上
へのワイヤボンドを形成する段階を含むことができる。
この方法はさらに、銅パッド表面が載ったウェーハをI
Cチップにダイシングする段階、および電気接続を実施
するためのはんだバンプを銅パッド表面上に形成する段
階を含むことができる。形成するはんだバンプを、蒸
着、電気めっき、スクリーン印刷また射出成形技法によ
るPb/Snはんだボールとすることができる。
するための導電パッドを対象とする。この導電パッド
は、銅パッド表面、銅パッド表面上のリンまたはホウ素
含有金属合金の保護層、およびワイヤボンドまたははん
だバンプを用いた電気接続を提供する、保護層上の貴金
属の接着層を含む。
電パッドはさらに、銅パッド表面と保護層の間に貴金属
の核生成層を含む。この導電パッドはまた、銅パッド表
面と保護層の間にパラジウム、ルテニウムまたはレニウ
ム・ナノパーティクルの核生成層を含むことができる。
保護層は、Ni−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co−
Sn−P、Ni−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−
Sn−B、Co−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグ
ループから選択された材料から形成することができる。
保護層の厚さは、約1000Å〜約10000Å、好ま
しくは約3000Åとすることができる。この導電パッ
ドはさらに、合計厚さ約2000Å〜約12000Å、
好ましくは約9000Åの貴金属層を形成する貴金属層
を前記接着層上に含むことができる。保護層はまた、そ
れぞれがリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金であり、互いに
緊密に接合された別個の2つの層を含むことができる。
この別個の2つの層をCo−W−PおよびNi−Pとす
ることができる。接着層は、Au、Pt、PdおよびA
gから成るグループから選択された層とすることができ
る。接着層の厚さは、約500Å〜約4000Åとする
ことができる。保護層をNi−PまたはCo−W−P、
接着層をAuとすることができる。保護層をNi−P、
接着層を浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdとしてもよい。この
導電パッドは、シリコン・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマ
ニウム・ウェーハまたはシリコン・オン・インシュレー
タ・ウェーハ基板上に形成することができる。電気接続
は、ワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプから形成すること
ができる。
の電気構造を対象とする。この電気構造は、銅パッド表
面、銅パッド表面上のリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金の
保護層、保護層上の貴金属の接着層、および接着層と一
体の電気接続を含む。電気接続は、ワイヤボンドまたは
はんだバンプとすることができる。
さらに、銅パッド表面と保護層の間に貴金属の核生成層
を含むことができる。この核生成層は、パラジウム、ル
テニウムまたはレニウムのナノパーティクルから形成す
ることができる。接着層は、Au、Pt、PdおよびA
gから選択された金属から形成することができる。保護
層は、Ni−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn
−P、Ni−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn
−B、Co−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグルー
プから選択された金属合金から形成することができる。
この電気構造はさらに、貴金属層の全厚が約2000Å
〜約12000Åとなるように接着層上に付着させた貴
金属層を含むことができる。この電気構造はさらに、銅
パッドが載ったシリコン・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマ
ニウム・ウェーハまたはシリコン・オン・インシュレー
タ・ウェーハ基板を含むことができる。
ならびにその他の目的、特徴および利点は、本明細書お
よび添付図面を検討することによって明らかとなろう。
んだバンプによる電気接続用の銅パッド表面を準備する
方法を開示する。本発明はさらに、その上に電気接続を
形成するための銅導電パッド、および銅パッド表面上に
形成されたワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプを含む電気
接続を提供するための電気構造を開示する。
法では、まず最初に銅パッド表面を用意し、次いでリン
またはホウ素含有金属合金の保護層を銅パッド表面に付
着させ、次いで、ワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプを用
いた電気接続を実施するための貴金属の接着層を保護層
上に付着させる。この方法はさらに、保護層の付着前
に、パラジウムなどの貴金属の核生成層を銅パッド表面
上に付着させる段階を含むことができる。核生成層の付
着前に、銅パッド表面を酸溶液によって洗浄化してもよ
い。保護層は、リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金、例えば
Ni‐P、Co−W−Pから形成することができる。保
護層は、約1000Å〜約10000Å、好ましくは約
3000Å〜約7000Åの厚さに形成する。
ワイヤボンディングを可能にするプロセスを、最初に複
合金属バリア層を銅パッド上に付着させる選択的自己整
合技法によって提供する。このバリア層は、拡散および
腐食に対して銅表面を保護し、同時に、信頼性の高いワ
イヤボンディング能力を提供する。本明細書に開示した
プロセスを使用して、銅ウェーハ上にバリア・メタラジ
を付着させることができる。このウェーハをダイシング
し、ウェーハ即ち電子チップの上の銅パッドに対してワ
イヤボンディング品質を試験すると満足な結果が得られ
る。
頼ワイヤボンディング特性を同時に可能にするバリア・
メタラジを銅表面上に逐次的かつ選択的(マスクレス)
に付着させることによって、銅パッド上へのワイヤボン
ディングまたははんだバンピングを達成する。したがっ
て本発明は、蒸着またはスパッタリングによって銅パッ
ド上にアルミニウム層を付着させる通常なら必要なマス
ク可能の代替方法、すなわち費用のかかる代替方法を排
除する。本発明のバリア層は、選択的かつ自己整合的な
無電解めっき技法によって付着させることができる。し
たがって本発明は、フォトプロセッシング、選択的な
(マスクの要らない)すなわちフォトリソグラフィック
段階、費用のかかるマスク位置合せ手順、またはアルミ
ニウムのRIEなどのやはり費用のかかる金属エッチン
グ段階を一切必要としない。本発明の新規な方法によっ
て提供される銅/バリア層のワイヤボンディングまたは
はんだバンピングは、プロセス上多数の利点を有する。
これには、銅に対する優れた接着性、熱処理下でのバリ
ア層を通した銅原子の拡散防止、腐食に対する銅表面の
保護、および銅パッドに接続されたアルミニウム線また
は金線の優れた接着性および引張り強度を可能にする、
バリア層の最上面への貴金属の付着が含まれる。
銅チップ・プロセスのバック・エンド・オブ・ライン
(BEOL)のところの銅パッド12の表面14を一連
の化学段階、例えば第1の銅拡散バリア層16の無電解
付着によって修飾する。第1の拡散バリア層16は、リ
ンまたはホウ素を含むNi−P、Co−W−P、Co−
Sn−P、Ni−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−
Sn−B、Co−W−B、Ni−W−B合金などの金属
合金材料から付着させる。第1の拡散バリア層の適当な
厚さは約1000Å〜約10000Åであり、約300
0Å〜約7000Åであることが好ましい。本明細書の
文脈において「約」という語は、平均として与えた値か
ら±10%の範囲にある値を意味する。
浸漬Au溶液を使用した浸漬付着技術によって、拡散バ
リア層16上に第2の層18を付着させる。第2の層1
8の適当な厚さは約500Å〜約4000Åであり、約
1000Å〜約2000Åであることが好ましい。第1
の拡散バリア層すなわち保護層16と第2の接着層18
は、銅の保護および信頼性の高いワイヤボンド構造を提
供する2重層20として付着される。あるいは、無電解
Au付着技法によって第2の層18上に第3の層(図1
には図示されていない)を適用して、最終的なAu層の
厚さを約4000Å〜約10000Å、好ましくは約4
000Å〜約6000Åに増大させてもよい。第3のA
u層の目的は、より容易なワイヤボンディング・パラメ
ータおよびより大きなワイヤボンド接着強度を可能にす
ることにある。
に示す。
−P(5000Å)/浸漬Au(2000Å)/無電解
Au(3000Å〜5000Å)から成る多層スタック
を形成する。リンをホウ素で置き換えた対応する拡散バ
リア構造を形成することもできる。
(1000〜2000Å)で表される単一構造が利用さ
れ、Cu/Co−W−P(5000Å)/浸漬Au(2
000Å)が提示される。リンをホウ素で置き換えた対
応するワイヤボンド構造を形成することもできる。
(1000〜2000Å)/無電解Pdから成る多層ス
タックが提供される。リンをホウ素で置き換えた対応す
るワイヤボンド構造を利用することもできる。
銅接点パッドを含む銅ウェーハを、希硫酸に浸す清浄化
段階によって処理して、銅の表面から酸化物を除去す
る。次いで、パラジウム・イオン溶液に浸すことによっ
てこのウェーハを活性化させて、銅表面に多数のPd金
属核を生成させる。次いでウェーハを、クエン酸ナトリ
ウムまたはEDTA溶液中で洗い、基板およびウェーハ
表面のパッド間の領域から過剰なPd核を除去する。次
にウェーハを、それぞれのケースで特定の浴組成を使用
してCo−P、Ni−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−
Pの層、およびリンの代わりにホウ素を含む対応する合
金の層を銅表面に付着させる本発明の無電解浴に浸す。
浴組成は、銅表面に付着させる合金の種類に応じて異な
り、固有であることがある。よく洗った後、市販の浸漬
Au溶液にウェーハを暴露する。最後に、所望の構造に
応じて、厚さ約3000Å〜約5000Åの追加の最終
無電解Au層および/または同じ厚さのPd層を、先の
浸漬Au層上に適用することができる。次いで、図1お
よび2に示すように、連続的なワイヤボンド30または
はんだバンプ40を多層スタック上に形成する。
表面を、コバルト・イオン、ホウ酸、クエン酸イオン、
ならびにppmレベルの酢酸鉛および次亜リン酸塩を含
む無電解浴の加熱緩衝溶液に浸し、(Pdイオンによっ
て)活性化することによって実施することができる。こ
うして銅パッド表面を1000〜2000ÅのCo−P
接着層でコーティングし、その後よく水洗いする。次い
でウェーハ表面を、ニッケル・イオン、クエン酸イオ
ン、ホウ酸、および次亜リン酸ナトリウムまたはジメチ
ル・アミノ・ボランを含む別の加熱無電解溶液に浸し、
使用する浴に応じてNiPまたはNiBの厚さ約500
0Å〜約7000Åの層を銅上に付着させ、その後よく
水洗いする。最終付着段階では、ウェーハ表面を市販の
浸漬Au浴に浸して、無電解めっきした銅パッド表面1
4上に約1000Å〜約2000Åの新たなAu層を付
着させる。
だ材料から成るはんだバンプ40を、蒸着、電気めっ
き、スクリーン印刷または射出成形技法によって、最外
部のAu層18上に付着させる。
た用語は説明を意図したものであり、限定を意図したも
のでないことを理解されたい。
発明を説明してきたが、当業者なら、これらの教示を本
発明のその他の可能なバリエーションに容易に応用する
ことができることを理解されたい。
の実施形態は請求項に定義する。
の事項を開示する。
方法であって、銅パッド表面を用意する段階と、リンま
たはホウ素含有金属合金の保護層を前記銅パッド表面上
に選択的に付着させる段階と、貴金属の接着層を前記保
護層上に選択的に付着させる段階を含む方法。 (2)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、前記保護層の前記付着の前に、貴
金属の核生成層を前記銅パッド表面上に選択的に付着さ
せる段階をさらに含む方法。 (3)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、酸溶液中で前記銅パッド表面を清
浄化する段階と、貴金属の核生成層を前記銅パッド表面
上に選択的に付着させる段階をさらに含む方法。 (4)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(2)に
記載の方法であって、前記核生成層をパラジウムから付
着させる方法。 (5)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(3)に
記載の方法であって、前記核生成層を付着させた後に前
記銅パッド表面を水洗する段階をさらに含む方法。 (6)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、前記保護層を無電解めっき技法に
よって付着させる段階をさらに含む方法。 (7)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、保護層を付着させる前記段階が、
前記銅パッド表面を、コバルト・イオン、ホウ酸、クエ
ン酸イオン、酢酸鉛および次亜リン酸塩を含む無電解浴
中の加熱緩衝溶液と接触させる段階と、前記銅パッド表
面を、ニッケル・イオン、クエン酸イオン、ホウ酸、次
亜リン酸ナトリウムまたはジメチルアミノボランを含む
加熱無電解溶液と接触させる段階をさらに含む方法。 (8)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、Au、Pt、Pd
およびAgから成るグループから選択された金属から形
成される方法。 (9)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)に
記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、浸漬Au溶液に前
記ウェーハを浸すことによって形成される方法。 (10)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、貴金属から約5
00Å〜約4000Åの厚さに形成される方法。 (11)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記リンまたはホウ素含有金属
合金が、Ni−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co−S
n−P、Ni−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−S
n−B、Co−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグル
ープから選択される方法。 (12)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記保護層が、リンまたはホウ
素含有金属合金から約1000Å〜約10000Åの厚
さに形成される方法。 (13)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、無電解めっき技法によって前記
接着層上に貴金属層を、貴金属層の全厚が約2000Å
〜約12000Åとなるように付着させる段階をさらに
含む方法。 (14)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記保護層が、それぞれがリン
またはホウ素含有金属合金である別個の2つの層を含む
方法。 (15)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がCo−W−PとN
i−Pの複合層であり、前記接着層がAuである方法。 (16)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がNi−PまたはC
o−W−Pであり、前記接着層がAuである方法。 (17)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がNi−Pであり、
前記接着層が浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdである方法。 (18)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(2)
に記載の方法であって、前記核生成層として多数のPd
ナノパーティクル(nanoparticle)を付着させる段階を
さらに含む方法。 (19)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記銅パッド表面が、シリコン
・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハおよび
シリコン・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハから成るグ
ループから選択された基板上に提供される方法。 (20)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記銅パッド表面が載ったウェ
ーハを個々のICチップにダイシングする段階と、前記
銅パッド表面上へのワイヤボンドを形成する段階をさら
に含む方法。 (21)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(1)
に記載の方法であって、前記銅パッド表面が載ったウェ
ーハをICチップにダイシングする段階と、電気接続を
実施するためのはんだバンプを前記銅パッド表面上に形
成する段階をさらに含む方法。 (22)電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する上記(2
1)に記載の方法であって、形成される前記はんだバン
プが、スクリーン印刷または射出成形技法によるPb/
Snはんだボールである方法。 (23)その上に電気接続を形成するための導電パッド
であって、銅パッド表面と、前記銅パッド表面上のリン
またはホウ素含有金属合金の保護層と、ワイヤボンドま
たははんだバンプを用いた電気接続を提供する、前記保
護層上の貴金属の接着層を含む導電パッド。 (24)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記銅パッド表面と
前記保護層の間に貴金属の核生成層をさらに含む導電パ
ッド。 (25)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記銅パッド表面と
前記保護層の間にパラジウム・ナノパーティクルの核生
成層をさらに含む導電パッド。 (26)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層が、Ni
−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−P、Ni
−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn−B、Co
−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグループから選択
された材料から形成された導電パッド。 (27)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、リンまたはホウ素含
有金属の前記保護層の厚さが約1000Å〜約1000
0Åである導電パッド。 (28)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、合計厚さ約2000
Å〜約12000Åの貴金属層を形成する貴金属層を前
記接着層上にさらに含む導電パッド。 (29)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がさら
に、それぞれがリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金であり、
互いに緊密に接合された別個の2つの層を含む導電パッ
ド。 (30)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
9)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記別個の2つの層
がCo−W−PおよびNi−Pである導電パッド。 (31)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記接着層が、A
u、Pt、PdおよびAgから成るグループから選択さ
れた層である導電パッド。 (32)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記接着層の厚さが
約500Å〜約4000Åである導電パッド。 (33)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がNi−
PまたはCo−W−Pであり、前記接着層がAuである
導電パッド。 (34)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がNi−
Pであり、前記接着層が浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdであ
る導電パッド。 (35)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、シリコン・ウェー
ハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハまたはシリコン
・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハ基板上に形成された
導電パッド。 (36)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記電気接続がワイ
ヤボンドによって形成される導電パッド。 (37)その上に電気接続を形成するための上記(2
3)に記載の導電パッドであって、前記電気接続がはん
だバンプから形成される導電パッド。 (38)電気接続を提供するための電気構造であって、
銅パッド表面と、前記銅パッド表面上のリンまたはホウ
素含有金属合金の保護層と、前記保護層上の貴金属の接
着層と、前記接着層と一体の電気接続を含む電気構造。 (39)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記電気接続がワイヤボンドまた
ははんだバンプである電気構造。 (40)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記銅パッド表面と前記保護層の
間に貴金属の核生成層をさらに含む電気構造。 (41)電気接続を提供するための上記(40)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記核生成層がパラジウム・ナノ
パーティクルである電気構造。 (42)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記接着層が、Au、Pt、Pd
およびAgから成るグループから選択された金属から形
成された電気構造。 (43)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記保護層が、Ni−P、Co−
P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−P、Ni−W−P、C
o−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn−B、Co−W−Bおよ
びNi−W−Bから成るグループから選択された金属合
金から形成された電気構造。 (44)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、貴金属層の全厚が約2000Å〜
約12000Åとなるように前記接着層上に付着させた
貴金属層をさらに含む電気構造。 (45)電気接続を提供するための上記(38)に記載
の電気構造であって、前記銅パッドがその上に載ったシ
リコン・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハ
またはシリコン・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハ基板
をさらに含む電気構造。
導電パッドの拡大断面図である。
導電パッドの拡大断面図である。
Claims (45)
- 【請求項1】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する方法で
あって、 銅パッド表面を用意する段階と、 リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金の保護層を前記銅パッド
表面上に選択的に付着させる段階と、 貴金属の接着層を前記保護層上に選択的に付着させる段
階を含む方法。 - 【請求項2】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層の前記付着の前
に、貴金属の核生成層を前記銅パッド表面上に選択的に
付着させる段階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項3】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、 酸溶液中で前記銅パッド表面を清浄化する段階と、 貴金属の核生成層を前記銅パッド表面上に選択的に付着
させる段階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項4】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
2に記載の方法であって、前記核生成層をパラジウムか
ら付着させる方法。 - 【請求項5】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
3に記載の方法であって、前記核生成層を付着させた後
に前記銅パッド表面を水洗する段階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項6】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層を無電解めっき技
法によって付着させる段階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項7】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、保護層を付着させる前記段階
が、 前記銅パッド表面を、コバルト・イオン、ホウ酸、クエ
ン酸イオン、酢酸鉛および次亜リン酸塩を含む無電解浴
中の加熱緩衝溶液と接触させる段階と、 前記銅パッド表面を、ニッケル・イオン、クエン酸イオ
ン、ホウ酸、次亜リン酸ナトリウムまたはジメチルアミ
ノボランを含む加熱無電解溶液と接触させる段階をさら
に含む方法。 - 【請求項8】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、Au、Pt、
PdおよびAgから成るグループから選択された金属か
ら形成される方法。 - 【請求項9】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求項
1に記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、浸漬Au溶液
に前記ウェーハを浸すことによって形成される方法。 - 【請求項10】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記接着層が、貴金属から
約500Å〜約4000Åの厚さに形成される方法。 - 【請求項11】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記リンまたはホウ素含有
金属合金が、Ni−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co
−Sn−P、Ni−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co
−Sn−B、Co−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成る
グループから選択される方法。 - 【請求項12】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層が、リンまたは
ホウ素含有金属合金から約1000Å〜約10000Å
の厚さに形成される方法。 - 【請求項13】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、無電解めっき技法によって
前記接着層上に貴金属層を、貴金属層の全厚が約200
0Å〜約12000Åとなるように付着させる段階をさ
らに含む方法。 - 【請求項14】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層が、それぞれが
リンまたはホウ素含有金属合金である別個の2つの層を
含む方法。 - 【請求項15】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がCo−W−P
とNi−Pの複合層であり、前記接着層がAuである方
法。 - 【請求項16】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がNi−Pまた
はCo−W−Pであり、前記接着層がAuである方法。 - 【請求項17】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記保護層がNi−Pであ
り、前記接着層が浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdである方
法。 - 【請求項18】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項2に記載の方法であって、前記核生成層として多数の
Pdナノパーティクル(nanoparticle)を付着させる段
階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項19】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、前記銅パッド表面が、シリ
コン・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハお
よびシリコン・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハから成
るグループから選択された基板上に提供される方法。 - 【請求項20】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、 前記銅パッド表面が載ったウェーハを個々のICチップ
にダイシングする段階と、 前記銅パッド表面上へのワイヤボンドを形成する段階を
さらに含む方法。 - 【請求項21】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項1に記載の方法であって、 前記銅パッド表面が載ったウェーハをICチップにダイ
シングする段階と、 電気接続を実施するためのはんだバンプを前記銅パッド
表面上に形成する段階をさらに含む方法。 - 【請求項22】電気接続用銅パッド表面を準備する請求
項21に記載の方法であって、形成される前記はんだバ
ンプが、スクリーン印刷または射出成形技法によるPb
/Snはんだボールである方法。 - 【請求項23】その上に電気接続を形成するための導電
パッドであって、 銅パッド表面と、 前記銅パッド表面上のリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金の
保護層と、 ワイヤボンドまたははんだバンプを用いた電気接続を提
供する、前記保護層上の貴金属の接着層を含む導電パッ
ド。 - 【請求項24】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記銅パッド表面
と前記保護層の間に貴金属の核生成層をさらに含む導電
パッド。 - 【請求項25】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記銅パッド表面
と前記保護層の間にパラジウム・ナノパーティクルの核
生成層をさらに含む導電パッド。 - 【請求項26】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層が、N
i−P、Co−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−P、N
i−W−P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn−B、C
o−W−BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグループから選
択された材料から形成された導電パッド。 - 【請求項27】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、リンまたはホウ素
含有金属の前記保護層の厚さが約1000Å〜約100
00Åである導電パッド。 - 【請求項28】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、合計厚さ約200
0Å〜約12000Åの貴金属層を形成する貴金属層を
前記接着層上にさらに含む導電パッド。 - 【請求項29】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がさら
に、それぞれがリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金であり、
互いに緊密に接合された別個の2つの層を含む導電パッ
ド。 - 【請求項30】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項29に記載の導電パッドであって、前記別個の2つの
層がCo−W−PおよびNi−Pである導電パッド。 - 【請求項31】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記接着層が、A
u、Pt、PdおよびAgから成るグループから選択さ
れた層である導電パッド。 - 【請求項32】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記接着層の厚さ
が約500Å〜約4000Åである導電パッド。 - 【請求項33】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がNi
−PまたはCo−W−Pであり、前記接着層がAuであ
る導電パッド。 - 【請求項34】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記保護層がNi
−Pであり、前記接着層が浸漬Auおよび無電解Pdで
ある導電パッド。 - 【請求項35】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、シリコン・ウェー
ハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェーハまたはシリコン
・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハ基板上に形成された
導電パッド。 - 【請求項36】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記電気接続がワ
イヤボンドによって形成される導電パッド。 - 【請求項37】その上に電気接続を形成するための請求
項23に記載の導電パッドであって、前記電気接続がは
んだバンプから形成される導電パッド。 - 【請求項38】電気接続を提供するための電気構造であ
って、 銅パッド表面と、 前記銅パッド表面上のリンまたはホウ素含有金属合金の
保護層と、 前記保護層上の貴金属の接着層と、 前記接着層と一体の電気接続を含む電気構造。 - 【請求項39】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、前記電気接続がワイヤボンド
またははんだバンプである電気構造。 - 【請求項40】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、前記銅パッド表面と前記保護
層の間に貴金属の核生成層をさらに含む電気構造。 - 【請求項41】電気接続を提供するための請求項40に
記載の電気構造であって、前記核生成層がパラジウム・
ナノパーティクルである電気構造。 - 【請求項42】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、前記接着層が、Au、Pt、
PdおよびAgから成るグループから選択された金属か
ら形成された電気構造。 - 【請求項43】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、前記保護層が、Ni−P、C
o−P、Co−W−P、Co−Sn−P、Ni−W−
P、Co−B、Ni−B、Co−Sn−B、Co−W−
BおよびNi−W−Bから成るグループから選択された
金属合金から形成された電気構造。 - 【請求項44】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、貴金属層の全厚が約2000
Å〜約12000Åとなるように前記接着層上に付着さ
せた貴金属層をさらに含む電気構造。 - 【請求項45】電気接続を提供するための請求項38に
記載の電気構造であって、前記銅パッドがその上に載っ
たシリコン・ウェーハ、シリコン・ゲルマニウム・ウェ
ーハまたはシリコン・オン・インシュレータ・ウェーハ
基板をさらに含む電気構造。
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US09/510,996 US6335104B1 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2000-02-22 | Method for preparing a conductive pad for electrical connection and conductive pad formed |
US09/510996 | 2000-02-22 |
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US (1) | US6335104B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3478804B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100375460B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100386857C (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2365622B (ja) |
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SG (1) | SG90233A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW493260B (ja) |
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- 2000-02-22 US US09/510,996 patent/US6335104B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-09 TW TW090100408A patent/TW493260B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-31 MY MYPI20010427A patent/MY119885A/en unknown
- 2001-02-07 KR KR10-2001-0005797A patent/KR100375460B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-08 JP JP2001032285A patent/JP3478804B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-13 SG SG200100784A patent/SG90233A1/en unknown
- 2001-02-14 GB GB0103577A patent/GB2365622B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-21 CN CNB011046791A patent/CN100386857C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPWO2011093038A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-27 | 2013-05-30 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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JP2014517540A (ja) * | 2011-06-14 | 2014-07-17 | アトテツク・ドイチユラント・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツング | マイクロエレクトロニクスデバイスのためのワイヤボンディング可能な表面 |
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KR102004555B1 (ko) * | 2011-06-14 | 2019-07-26 | 아토테크더치랜드게엠베하 | 마이크로일렉트로닉스 디바이스들을 위한 와이어 본딩 가능한 표면 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW493260B (en) | 2002-07-01 |
GB2365622B (en) | 2004-08-11 |
SG90233A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
GB0103577D0 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
CN1311526A (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
KR100375460B1 (ko) | 2003-03-10 |
GB2365622A (en) | 2002-02-20 |
CN100386857C (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
MY119885A (en) | 2005-07-29 |
US6335104B1 (en) | 2002-01-01 |
KR20010083160A (ko) | 2001-08-31 |
JP3478804B2 (ja) | 2003-12-15 |
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