FI121852B - Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin - Google Patents
Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI121852B FI121852B FI20096071A FI20096071A FI121852B FI 121852 B FI121852 B FI 121852B FI 20096071 A FI20096071 A FI 20096071A FI 20096071 A FI20096071 A FI 20096071A FI 121852 B FI121852 B FI 121852B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- reaction
- fuel gas
- burner
- reaction shaft
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
- C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/06—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
- F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
- F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B15/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Priority Applications (58)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20096071A FI121852B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-10-19 | Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin |
FI20096311A FI121960B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuilun lämpötaseen hallitsemiseksi ja rikastepoltin |
FI20096315A FI121961B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin käyttämiseksi ja suspensiosulatusuuni |
CN201410482071.XA CN104263966A (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-06-25 | 使用悬浮熔炼炉的方法和悬浮熔炼炉 |
CN2010102151544A CN102041386A (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-06-25 | 使用悬浮熔炼炉的方法和悬浮熔炼炉 |
CN201010621696.1A CN102042764B (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 控制悬浮熔炼炉的反应炉身的热平衡的方法和精矿燃烧器 |
CA2775015A CA2775015C (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
EP10824516.8A EP2491152B1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
CN2010206991058U CN202047115U (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 精矿燃烧器 |
ES10824517T ES2753877T3 (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Método para controlar el equilibrio térmico del eje de reacción de un horno de fundición en suspensión |
EA201290161A EA025303B1 (ru) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Способ регулировки теплового баланса реакционной шахты суспензионной плавильной печи и горелки концентрата |
EA201290160A EA025535B1 (ru) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Способ подачи топливного газа в реакционную шахту печи для плавки во взвешенном состоянии и горелка концентрата |
PCT/FI2010/050811 WO2011048264A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
KR1020127009919A KR101661008B1 (ko) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 서스펜션 제련로의 반응 샤프트의 열 균형을 제어하는 방법 및 농축물 버너 |
MX2012004508A MX2012004508A (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Metodo para controlar el equilibrio termico de la columna de reaccion de un horno de fusion por suspension y un quemador de concentrado. |
US13/502,522 US9322078B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
AU2010309730A AU2010309730B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
JP2012534731A JP5788885B2 (ja) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 浮遊溶解炉の反応シャフトに燃料ガスを供給する方法および精鉱バーナ |
KR1020127009986A KR101633958B1 (ko) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 서스펜션 용련로의 사용 방법, 서스펜션 용련로 및 정광 버너 |
KR1020127009832A KR101661007B1 (ko) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 서스펜션 제련로의 반응 샤프트에 연료 가스를 공급하는 방법 및 농축물 버너 |
BR112012009203A BR112012009203A8 (pt) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | método de utilização de um forno de fusão de material em suspensão, um forno de fusão de material em suspensão e um queimador de material concentrado. |
ES10824516.8T ES2693691T3 (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Método de utilizar un horno de fusión en suspensión, horno de fusión en suspensión y quemador de concentrado |
AU2010309731A AU2010309731B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
JP2012534732A JP5785554B2 (ja) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 浮遊溶解炉の使用方法、浮遊溶解炉および精鉱バーナ |
AU2010309729A AU2010309729B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
BR112012009205-7A BR112012009205B1 (pt) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Método para controle do balanço térmico da cuba de reação de um forno de fusão de material em suspensão e queimador de material concentrado |
CA2775683A CA2775683C (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
KR2020167000013U KR20160001841U (ko) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 서스펜션 용련로 및 정광 버너 |
MX2012004510A MX2012004510A (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Metodo para usar un horno de fusion por suspension, un horno de fusion por suspension, y un quemador de concentrado. |
US13/502,523 US9034243B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
CN2011200342119U CN202057184U (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 悬浮熔炼炉 |
EA201290162A EA026565B1 (ru) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Способ использования суспензионной плавильной печи, суспензионная плавильная печь и горелка концентрата |
TR2018/16032T TR201816032T4 (tr) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Bir süspansiyon izabe fırınının kullanılmasına yönelik yöntem, bir süspansiyon izabe fırını ve bir konsantre brülörü. |
US13/502,524 US8986421B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
KR1020167006216A KR20160031563A (ko) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 서스펜션 용련로의 사용 방법, 서스펜션 용련로 및 정광 버너 |
PCT/FI2010/050812 WO2011048265A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
RS20191462A RS59530B1 (sr) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Metoda kontrolisanja termalnog balansa reakcionog rezervoara peći za topljenje suspenzije |
CN2010206990676U CN201842879U (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 精矿燃烧器 |
JP2012534733A JP5870033B2 (ja) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 浮遊溶解炉の反応シャフトの熱平衡制御方法、および精鉱バーナ |
RS20181285A RS57925B1 (sr) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Postupak upotrebe peći za topljenje suspenzije, peć za topljenje suspenzije, i gorionik koncentrata |
PL10824517T PL2491153T3 (pl) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Sposób kontrolowania bilansu cieplnego szybu reakcyjnego zawiesinowego pieca do wytopu |
CN201010621687.2A CN102181660B (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 供应燃料气体入悬浮熔炼炉反应炉身的方法和精矿燃烧器 |
CN201010621675.XA CN102042757B (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 使用悬浮熔炼炉的方法、悬浮熔炼炉及精矿燃烧器 |
PL10824516T PL2491152T3 (pl) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Sposób stosowania zawiesinowego pieca do wytapiania, zawiesinowy piec do wytapiania, oraz palnik do koncentratu |
CA2775014A CA2775014C (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
CN2010206991024U CN202024612U (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | 精矿燃烧器 |
MX2012004507A MX344495B (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Metodo de alimentacion de gas combustible en la columna de reaccion de un horno de fusion por suspension y un quemador de concentrado. |
EP10824515.0A EP2491151B1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
PCT/FI2010/050810 WO2011048263A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
EP10824517.6A EP2491153B1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace |
ZA2012/02666A ZA201202666B (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-12 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace,a suspension smelting furnace,and a concentrate burner |
ZA2012/02662A ZA201202662B (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-12 | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
ZA2012/02661A ZA201202661B (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-12 | Method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
CL2012000972A CL2012000972A1 (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-17 | Metodo de control de equilibrio termico de la columna de reaccion de un horno de fusion por suspension, donde se alimenta material endotermico en forma de un agente de refrigeracion liquido por medio del quemador de concentrado para formar parte de una mezcla que contiene materia solida pulverizada; quemador de concentrado. |
CL2012000978A CL2012000978A1 (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-18 | Metodo de alimentacion de gas combustible en la columna de reaccion de un horno de fusion por suspension que comprende un quemador de concentrado, un dispositivo de alimentacion de materia solida fina, un dispositivo de alimentacion de gas y un dispositivo dispersante, en donde el gas combustible se mezcla con el gas de dispersion y se alimenta la mezcla en la columna de reaccion. |
CL2012000990A CL2012000990A1 (es) | 2009-10-19 | 2012-04-19 | Metodo que usa un horno de fusion por suspension, que comprende el uso de un quemador de concentrado que comprende un dispositivo de alimentacion de materia solida con un tubo de alimentacion en la columna de reaccion, donde la boca del tubo de alimentacion se abre a la columna de reaccion; horno de fusion; quemador. |
JP2015001226U JP3197774U (ja) | 2009-10-19 | 2015-03-17 | 浮遊溶解炉および精鉱バーナ |
US14/666,691 US9957586B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2015-03-24 | Method of using a suspension smelting furnace, a suspension smelting furnace, and a concentrate burner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20096071 | 2009-10-19 | ||
FI20096071A FI121852B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-10-19 | Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FI20096071A0 FI20096071A0 (fi) | 2009-10-19 |
FI121852B true FI121852B (fi) | 2011-05-13 |
Family
ID=41263486
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI20096071A FI121852B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-10-19 | Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin |
FI20096311A FI121960B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuilun lämpötaseen hallitsemiseksi ja rikastepoltin |
FI20096315A FI121961B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin käyttämiseksi ja suspensiosulatusuuni |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI20096311A FI121960B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuilun lämpötaseen hallitsemiseksi ja rikastepoltin |
FI20096315A FI121961B (fi) | 2009-10-19 | 2009-12-11 | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin käyttämiseksi ja suspensiosulatusuuni |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US9034243B2 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP2491151B1 (zh) |
JP (4) | JP5870033B2 (zh) |
KR (5) | KR101633958B1 (zh) |
CN (9) | CN102041386A (zh) |
AU (3) | AU2010309731B2 (zh) |
BR (2) | BR112012009205B1 (zh) |
CA (3) | CA2775683C (zh) |
CL (3) | CL2012000972A1 (zh) |
EA (3) | EA026565B1 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2693691T3 (zh) |
FI (3) | FI121852B (zh) |
MX (3) | MX2012004510A (zh) |
PL (2) | PL2491152T3 (zh) |
RS (2) | RS59530B1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR201816032T4 (zh) |
WO (3) | WO2011048265A1 (zh) |
ZA (3) | ZA201202666B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI121852B (fi) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-05-13 | Outotec Oyj | Menetelmä polttoainekaasun syöttämiseksi suspensiosulatusuunin reaktiokuiluun ja rikastepoltin |
FI122306B (fi) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-11-30 | Outotec Oyj | Järjestely suspensiosulatusuunin rikastepolttimen jauhemaisen kiintoaineen syötön tasaamiseksi |
FI20106156A (fi) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-05 | Outotec Oyj | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin lämpötaseen hallitsemiseksi ja suspensiosulatusuuni |
RS59188B1 (sr) | 2011-11-29 | 2019-10-31 | Outotec Finland Oy | Metoda za kontrolisanje suspenzije u peći za topljenje suspenzije, peć za topljenje suspenzije i gorionik koncentrata |
US10852065B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2020-12-01 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Method for controlling the suspension in a suspension smelting furnace |
CN102519260A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种旋流冶炼喷嘴及冶炼炉 |
CN102560144B (zh) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-07 | 金隆铜业有限公司 | 双旋流预混型冶金喷嘴 |
PL2834562T3 (pl) * | 2012-04-05 | 2019-04-30 | Hatch Ltd | Palnik sterowania strumieniowego dla pylistego materiału zasilającego |
CN102605191B (zh) | 2012-04-16 | 2013-12-25 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种铜精矿直接生产粗铜的方法 |
FI124773B (fi) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-01-30 | Outotec Oyj | Menetelmä ja järjestely kasvannaisten poistamiseksi suspensiosulatusuunissa |
EP2664681A1 (de) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-20 | Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von feinteilchenförmigem Material in die Wirbelschicht eines Reduktionsaggregates |
CN102703734A (zh) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 一种顶吹熔炼设备 |
CN103471095B (zh) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-04-27 | 中南大学 | 生物质粉料燃烧器 |
JP6216595B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-01 | 2017-10-18 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 原料供給装置、自溶炉及び自溶炉の操業方法 |
FI125777B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-02-15 | Outotec Finland Oy | PROCEDURE FOR MOTORING A BURNER FOR FEEDING REACTION GAS AND DISTRIBUTED SUBSTANCE INTO A REACTION SHAKING SPACE IN A REACTION SHAKE IN A SUSPENSION MELTING AND SUSPENSION MOLD |
FI126374B (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2016-10-31 | Outotec Finland Oy | PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCING CATHOD COPPER |
CN104263967B (zh) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-05-04 | 杨先凯 | 一种处理复杂物料的自热式闪速冶炼工艺及装置 |
CN104634101B (zh) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-09-14 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种同向旋浮熔炼方法、喷嘴和冶金设备 |
FI20155255A (fi) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-09 | Outotec Finland Oy | Poltin |
CN105112684A (zh) * | 2015-10-05 | 2015-12-02 | 杨伟燕 | 一种旋浮冶炼喷嘴 |
FI127083B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-11-15 | Outotec Finland Oy | Burner and atomizer for a burner |
JP2016035114A (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-17 | オウトテック オサケイティオ ユルキネンOutotec Oyj | 浮遊溶解炉における浮遊物の制御方法、浮遊溶解炉および精鉱バーナー |
CN106288815B (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-06-29 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | 一种振动预混型精矿喷嘴 |
JP6800796B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-12-16 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 原料供給装置、自溶炉、ノズル部材 |
WO2019038866A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 銅製錬炉の精鉱バーナ及び銅製錬炉の操業方法 |
JP6453408B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-01-16 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 自溶炉の操業方法 |
WO2021106884A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | パンパシフィック・カッパー株式会社 | 精鉱バーナー、自溶炉及び反応ガスの導入方法 |
CN112665394A (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-16 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 喷嘴和冶炼炉 |
Family Cites Families (49)
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FI20106156A (fi) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-05 | Outotec Oyj | Menetelmä suspensiosulatusuunin lämpötaseen hallitsemiseksi ja suspensiosulatusuuni |
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