ES2547532T3 - Prótesis de disco intervertebral - Google Patents
Prótesis de disco intervertebral Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2547532T3 ES2547532T3 ES09009531.6T ES09009531T ES2547532T3 ES 2547532 T3 ES2547532 T3 ES 2547532T3 ES 09009531 T ES09009531 T ES 09009531T ES 2547532 T3 ES2547532 T3 ES 2547532T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- core
- plate
- substantially flat
- flat surface
- intervertebral disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000007623 Lordosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
- A61F2/4425—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
-
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4611—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3468—Trocars; Puncturing needles for implanting or removing devices, e.g. prostheses, implants, seeds, wires
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3472—Trocars; Puncturing needles for bones, e.g. intraosseus injections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/0095—Packages or dispensers for prostheses or other implants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2002/30362—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
- A61F2002/30364—Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
- A61F2002/30365—Rotation about the common longitudinal axis with additional means for limiting said rotation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30331—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
- A61F2002/30362—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
- A61F2002/30364—Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
- A61F2002/30367—Rotation about the common longitudinal axis with additional means for preventing said rotation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
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- A61F2002/30362—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
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- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30383—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by laterally inserting a protrusion, e.g. a rib into a complementarily-shaped groove
- A61F2002/30387—Dovetail connection
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- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30565—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having spring elements
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30604—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for modular
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
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Abstract
Una prótesis de disco intervertebral que comprende al menos tres piezas que incluyen una primera placa (1), una segunda placa (2) y un núcleo (3) móvil al menos con respecto a una de las placas (1, 2), teniendo el núcleo (3) una superficie curvada en contacto con al menos una parte de una superficie curvada complementaria de la primera placa (1) 5 y una superficie sustancialmente plana en contacto con al menos una parte de una superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), caracterizada porque el núcleo (3) comprende, sobre dicha superficie sustancialmente plana en contacto con la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2): - una pluralidad de alvéolos cóncavos, dispuestos para facilitar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) con respecto a esta superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), o - al menos un agujero (41) ciego prolongado, hasta la periferia de esta superficie sustancialmente plana, mediante ranuras (410) que forman canales mediante los cuales el líquido intersticial del tejido circundante puede jugar un papel lubricante para mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) sobre la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), cuando la prótesis está colocada en el paciente.
Description
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DESCRIPCIÓN
Prótesis de disco intervertebral
La presente invención se refiere a una prótesis de disco intervertebral, diseñada para sustituir discos fibrocartilaginosos garantizando una unión entre las vértebras de la columna vertebral, en particular en la región de 5 la columna cervical.
Diversos tipos de prótesis son conocidos en la técnica anterior. Numerosas prótesis están constituidas por una placa inferior y una placa superior que envuelven a un núcleo central. Una parte de estas prótesis permite que la placa superior se deslice con respecto al núcleo central y permite opcionalmente que el núcleo central se deslice con respecto a la placa inferior. Este deslizamiento del núcleo central con respecto a la placa inferior es una 10 característica esencial, ya que debe permitir el posicionamiento espontáneo del núcleo en la posición ideal para absorber fuerzas impuestas sobre la prótesis, durante movimientos realizados por el paciente que lleva la prótesis. Sin embargo, debido a las potencias de las fuerzas aplicadas, los materiales utilizados y la forma de las diferentes piezas que constituyen la prótesis, el deslizamiento del núcleo es a menudo difícil, lo que provoca un desgaste rápido y riesgos de expulsar al menos una parte de la prótesis al exterior de la columna, y esto no es deseable para
15 el paciente.
El objetivo de la presente invención es eliminar ciertas desventajas de la técnica anterior proponiendo una prótesis de disco intervertebral que permita movimientos limitados de las diferentes piezas de la prótesis entre sí, pero donde se facilita el deslizamiento del núcleo para mejorar el comportamiento de la prótesis durante la aplicación de fuerzas sobre esta última.
20 Este objetivo se consigue mediante una prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1.
Otras características particulares se detallan en las reivindicaciones dependientes.
Otras características particulares y ventajas de la presente invención surgirán más claramente a partir de la descripción en lo sucesivo, dada en referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:
La figura 1a ilustra una vista en perspectiva de la prótesis de acuerdo con una realización de la invención, vista
25 desde la parte frontal, la figura 1b ilustra una vista superior de la prótesis con los planos de sección A-A y B-B, respectivamente de las figuras 1c y 1d, La figura 2a ilustra una vista superior del núcleo equipado con su carcasa protectora en una realización de la invención, con los planos de secciones A-A y B-B, respectivamente de las figuras 2b y 2c, Las figuras 2d y 2e ilustran, en perspectiva, respectivamente, una vista superior y una vista inferior del núcleo equipado con su
30 carcasa protectora, Las figuras 3a y 3b ilustran respectivamente una vista de perfil y una vista superior en perspectiva del núcleo desprovisto de su carcasa protectora en una realización de la invención, las figuras 3c y 3d ilustran, en perspectiva, respectivamente, una vista superior y una vista inferior de la carcasa protectora del núcleo de acuerdo con una realización de la invención;
35 La figura 4a ilustra una vista inferior de la placa superior de la prótesis, con los planos de las secciones A-A y B-B, respectivamente de las figuras 4c y 4d, la figura 4b ilustra una vista lateral de la placa superior de la prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una realización de la invención, La figura 5a ilustra una vista superior de la placa inferior de la prótesis, las figuras 5b y 5c ilustran respectivamente vistas laterales y vistas frontales de la placa inferior de la prótesis y las figuras 5d y 5e ilustran,
40 en perspectiva, respectivamente, una vista superior y una vista inferior de la placa inferior de la prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una realización de la invención, La figura 6a ilustra una vista en perspectiva del sujetador del dispositivo de inserción de prótesis de disco intervertebral entre dos vértebras, las figuras 6b y 6c ilustran un perfil parcial y una vista superior, respectivamente, del cabezal del cargador del dispositivo de inserción de prótesis entre dos vértebras, con la
45 prótesis sostenida por el sujetador en posición extendida, la figura 6d ilustra una vista en perspectiva del sujetador del dispositivo de inserción de prótesis de disco intervertebral entre dos vértebras. La figura 7a ilustra una vista superior del dispositivo de inserción de prótesis completo entre dos vértebras cuando la prótesis sostenida por el sujetador se repliega en el cabezal del cargador, la figura 7b lo ilustra de acuerdo con el plano de sección D-D de la figura 7a, la figura 7c ilustra una vista superior del dispositivo de
50 inserción de la prótesis completo entre dos vértebras cuando la prótesis sostenida por el sujetador está extendida desde el cabezal del cargador y la figura 7d lo ilustra según el plano de sección D-D de la figura 7c.
La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con la presente invención está constituida por una primera placa (1) articulada con respecto a una segunda placa (2) por medio de un núcleo (3), tal como es evidente en particular en las figuras 1a, 1c y 1d. En la siguiente descripción, la primera placa (1) se denomina placa superior y la segunda 55 placa (2) se denomina placa inferior, de acuerdo con la orientación dada a la prótesis mostrada en los dibujos. Es obvio que, sin alejarse del alcance de la presente invención, la prótesis descrita en el presente documento podría orientarse de forma inversa entre las vértebras, de modo que la primera placa (1) sería la placa inferior y la segunda placa (2) sería la placa superior. Una ventaja de la prótesis de acuerdo con la presente invención es que comprende
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piezas sencillas que pueden dimensionarse de modo que la prótesis se sitúe sobre la columna cervical.
El núcleo (3) es de grosor ligero (por ejemplo 3 mm) para una prótesis cervical o más gruesa (por ejemplo 15 mm) para una prótesis lumbar.
En una variante de realización, una parte de la superficie superior de la placa (1) superior está abultada, tal como se muestra en las figuras 4b a 4d, para adaptarse mejor a la vértebra sobre la que está previsto que se sitúe la prótesis, siendo la superficie inferior de las vértebras hueca. La parte abultada de la placa (1) superior se sitúa a continuación en la parte frontal de la placa superior, tal como se muestra en particular en la figura 4d. La placa (2) inferior es sustancialmente plana. De hecho, no es necesario que su superficie inferior sea abultada o hueca, ya que la superficie superior de las vértebras es sustancialmente plana.
En la realización de las figuras 1a a 1d, 4b a 4d y 5b a 5e, la superficie superior de la placa (1) superior y la superficie inferior de la placa (2) inferior están provistas de dientes o muescas (11, 21) situadas en la región de al menos dos bordes de la prótesis. Estas muescas (11, 21) orientadas para evitar el deslizamiento de la prótesis, sirven como medios de anclaje para la prótesis en momentos en los que el tejido óseo se adhiere a estas superficies de las placas en contacto con las vértebras. De hecho, el tejido óseo, a las pocas semanas después de una intervención quirúrgica para implantar la prótesis, invadirá las superficies con las que está en contacto. Un revestimiento biocompatible poroso se proporciona sobre estas superficies para permitir la adhesión del tejido óseo y su fusión definitiva con la prótesis.
Una realización que comprende todos los posibles elementos de acuerdo con la presente invención se describirá ahora en lo sucesivo. En esta realización, la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) está envuelta por una carcasa (4) protectora del núcleo. Esta carcasa (4) protectora está, por ejemplo, perforada, en el centro de su superficie inferior, con al menos un agujero (41) ciego que mejora el deslizamiento sobre la superficie superior de la placa (2) inferior. En una variante de realización más sencilla, en ausencia de esta carcasa (4) protectora, es la superficie inferior del núcleo (2) la que, por ejemplo, estará perforada por un agujero ciego en su centro. El núcleo en solitario tendrá entonces sustancialmente la misma apariencia que el conjunto constituido por el núcleo (3) y su carcasa (4) protectora, tal como en la realización descrita de aquí en lo sucesivo e ilustrada en las figuras 2a a 2e. El tamaño y la forma, por ejemplo oval, del agujero (41) a través del núcleo (3) o la carcasa (4) protectora están adaptados al tamaño y la forma del núcleo o de la carcasa protectora. El agujero se habrá realizado de modo que los ángulos formados por sus bordes (411) estén suavizados para reducir la fricción sobre la placa inferior. Este agujero (41) de dimensiones adaptadas puede por supuesto, en otro aspecto de la invención, sustituirse por una pluralidad de agujeros más pequeños, con lo que el alcance se adaptará al tamaño y forma del núcleo o de la carcasa protectora. Como alternativa, una multitud de minúsculos alvéolos cóncavos podría disponerse sobre la superficie inferior del núcleo o de la carcasa protectora.
En la variante de realización que comprende el agujero (41) ciego presente al menos sobre la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora del núcleo, este agujero (41) ciego se prolonga mediante ranuras (410) que se extienden hasta la periferia de esta superficie inferior. Estas ranuras (410) forman de este modo canales mediante los cuales el líquido intersticial del tejido circundante puede deslizarse entre la superficie inferior del núcleo
(3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora y jugar un papel de lubricante para mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) sobre la superficie superior de la placa (2) inferior.
El agujero (41) y las ranuras (410) o la multitud de agujeros o alvéolos pueden ser tales que el área de contacto entre la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) y la superficie superior de la placa (2) inferior sea sustancialmente igual al área de contacto entre la superficie superior del núcleo (3) y la superficie inferior de la placa (1) superior. Las fuerzas aplicadas a la prótesis serán de este modo absorbidas igualmente por ambas superficies del núcleo (3) en esta realización, lo que permitirá reducir fricciones y mejorar el periodo de vida del núcleo al optimizar el desplazamiento del núcleo (3) con respecto a las placas (1, 2).
En la realización donde la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) está envuelta por una carcasa (4) protectora, la parte inferior del núcleo es más estrecha que su parte superior, de modo que una que vez la carcasa (4) protectora está montada sobre la parte inferior, el núcleo presenta unas dimensiones sustancialmente homogéneas, tal como se muestra en las figuras 2a a 2e. Sobre la circunferencia del núcleo, sustancialmente en el centro de su grosor, una ranura (33), mostrada en las figuras 2b, 2c y 3a, complementaria a una ranura (43), ilustrada en las figuras 2b, 2c y 3c, presente en la parte interna de los bordes de la carcasa (4) protectora, garantiza la cohesión del conjunto constituido por el núcleo (3) y su carcasa (4) protectora. El núcleo (3) a continuación será simplemente recubierto por la carcasa (4) protectora cuando se monte la prótesis.
El núcleo (3) presenta, sobre al menos una parte de su superficie superior, una parte (32) convexa, particularmente evidente en las figuras 2a a 2d, 3a y 3b, complementaria a una parte (12) cóncava de la placa (1) superior, particularmente evidente en las figuras 4a, 4c y 4d. Esta parte (12) cóncava permite la inclinación de la placa (1) superior cuando el paciente que lleva la prótesis se agacha. La superficie inferior del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora y la superficie superior de la placa (2) inferior podrían ser planas, o sustancialmente lisas, para permitir la holgura del núcleo (3) con respecto a la placa (2) inferior, tanto en traslación según un eje sustancialmente paralelo a la placa (2) inferior, como en rotación alrededor de un eje sustancialmente perpendicular a la placa (2) inferior.
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Durante movimientos realizados por el paciente que lleva la prótesis, esta inclinación de la placa (1) superior y esta holgura del núcleo permitirán el desplazamiento del núcleo (3) hacia la posición ideal para absorber las fuerzas aplicadas a la prótesis. El movimiento entre la placa (1) superior y el núcleo (3), así como la holgura del núcleo (3) con respecto a la placa (2) inferior permiten de este modo moverse al paciente y, opcionalmente, eliminar los defectos de posicionamiento de la prótesis. Esta holgura presenta, del mismo modo, la ventaja de evitar un desgaste prematuro debido a las fuerzas aplicadas a la prótesis. El agujero (41) ciego taladrado en la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora ayudará a mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo sobre la superficie superior de la placa inferior, de modo que el núcleo pueda encontrar la posición ideal para absorber las fuerzas impuestas sobre la prótesis tan rápida y fácilmente como sea posible. Para la buena absorción de las fuerzas, el núcleo (3) podría, por ejemplo, estar hecho de polietileno, un material compresible que simula las propiedades físicas de elasticidad de los discos intervertebrales naturales.
De acuerdo con una realización de la invención, la superficie inferior de un núcleo (3) hecho de material compresible podría estar envuelta por una carcasa (4) protectora metálica, que permite un mejor deslizamiento sobre la placa (2) inferior metálica y una reducción de la deformación plástica del material compresible. El deslizamiento del núcleo será mejorado mediante un agujero (41), por ejemplo uno ciego, taladrado en la superficie inferior de la carcasa (4) protectora.
En la realización de las figuras 1a, 1c y 5a a 5e, la placa (2) inferior comprende dos placas (22) de contacto situadas opuestas entre sí en dos bordes de la placa (2) inferior, en cada uno de los lados laterales de la placa (2) inferior. Cada placa (22) de contacto constituye medios de cooperación macho de la placa (2) inferior y cada una puede penetrar en medios de cooperación hembra del núcleo, constituidos por una cavidad (31) del núcleo (3) en dos de sus bordes. En la realización mostrada en estas figuras, las dimensiones de cada cavidad (31) del núcleo (3) son ligeramente mayores que las de cada punta (22) de la placa (2) inferior, para limitar la holgura del núcleo (3) con respecto a la placa (2) inferior, tanto en traslación a lo largo de un eje sustancialmente paralelo a la placa (2) inferior, como en rotación alrededor de un eje sustancialmente perpendicular a la placa (2) inferior.
En la realización donde un núcleo (3) hecho de material compresible está provisto de una carcasa (4) protectora metálica que se desliza sobre una placa inferior metálica, la carcasa protectora podría tener una forma adaptada de modo que nunca esté en contacto con los medios de cooperación metálicos de la placa inferior. Dicho resultado puede obtenerse, por ejemplo, gracias al hecho de que los bordes de la carcasa (4) protectora están ligeramente desplazados de los medios de cooperación del núcleo. Esta variante de realización puede demostrar ser necesaria ya que, en un organismo vivo, es preferible evitar los choques entre dos materiales metálicos, con el riesgo de proyectar partículas metálicas al tejido circundante y provocar complicaciones.
En una variante de realización no mostrada, las dimensiones de cada cavidad (31) del núcleo (3) son sustancialmente las mismas que las de cada punta (22) de la placa (2) inferior, para evitar cualquier holgura del núcleo (3) con respecto a la placa (2) inferior, tanto en traslación como en rotación. En este último caso, el movimiento permitido solamente de la prótesis es aquel de la placa (1) superior con respecto al núcleo (3).
En una variante de realización no mostrada, las placas (22) de contacto son sustituidas por puntas curvadas hacia el interior de la prótesis, por encima de los bordes del núcleo (3), para evitar que el núcleo sea elevado. En otra variante, una de las puntas es sustituida por una placa de contacto (o clavija) equipada con un agujero en el que, por ejemplo, un pasador fija una placa (o cierre). El conjunto constituido por el cierre fijado en la placa de contacto tendrá la misma forma que la punta del lado opuesto y cumplirá la misma función con la ventaja añadida de facilitar el montaje de las diferentes piezas de la prótesis. En una variante de realización, las dos puntas son sustituidas, cada una, por una placa de contacto a la que está fijado el cierre.
En otra variante de realización no mostrada, las placas (22) de contacto de la placa (2) inferior son sustituidas por opresores de macho corto. El núcleo (3), a modo de complemento, no comprende cavidades (31), sino dos huecos bajo su superficie inferior. Las dimensiones de los opresores de macho corto de la placa (2) inferior y de los huecos del núcleo (3) se adaptarán de acuerdo con el resultado deseado, mediante elección, de ligera holgura del núcleo en traslación y rotación o cualquier holgura.
En otra realización no mostrada, las placas (22) de contacto de la placa (2) inferior son sustituidas por paredes, posicionadas opuestas entre sí, en las proximidades de dos bordes sustancialmente paralelos de la placa inferior, pero más hacia el interior de la prótesis que las placas (22) de contacto. El núcleo (3) comprende cavidades complementarias a las paredes. Las dimensiones de cada cavidad del núcleo de esta realización son, ligeramente más grandes, o sustancialmente las mismas que las de cada pared de la placa inferior, de modo que permitan o no una ligera holgura en traslación y en rotación.
En otra realización no mostrada más, los medios de cooperación hembra están situados en la placa (2) inferior y los medios de cooperación macho en el núcleo (3).
La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con la presente invención en particular ayuda a corregir los defectos de lordosis. La presencia de un ángulo agudo, por ejemplo entre 0º y 15º, en la dirección postero-anterior, entre la placa (1) superior y la placa (2) inferior de la prótesis podría ser deseada. Para ajustar el ángulo necesario en
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función del paciente, basta con seleccionar un núcleo (3) con un ángulo apropiado entre el plano medio que representa su superficie superior y el plano que pasa a través de su superficie inferior. Dicho ángulo podría obtenerse del mismo modo fabricando una placa superior, que incluya los medios planos que representan sus superficies inferior y superior formando un ángulo. Otra posibilidad implica la placa inferior de la que los medios planos que representan sus superficies superior e inferior forman un ángulo. Finalmente, se permite otra posibilidad solamente con prótesis del mismo tipo que las de acuerdo con la de la presente invención y consta de una posición del núcleo ligeramente desplazada hacia la parte frontal o posterior con respecto al centro de la prótesis incluyendo las placas que a continuación formarán un ángulo. Esta posición ligeramente desplazada del núcleo puede, por ejemplo, mantenerse debido al posicionamiento ajustable de los medios de cooperación macho y hembra.
En el caso en el que los elementos macho en las inmediaciones de los bordes del núcleo (es decir, cerca de la periferia del núcleo) y los elementos hembra están situados en las inmediaciones de los bordes de la placa inferior (es decir, cerca de la periferia de la placa inferior), un núcleo con lordosis (por el hecho que forma un ángulo agudo en la dirección postero-anterior) puede unirse entonces con la placa mediante una proyección que penetra en una cavidad o abertura en la placa inferior. Si el cirujano quiere una lordosis determinada para un paciente, seleccionará un núcleo (3) que no pueda presentar ninguna holgura con respecto a la placa (2) inferior. Sin embargo, si solamente quiere mantener la lordosis dentro de un intervalo de valores, seleccionará un núcleo que pueda presentar una ligera holgura en traslación y en rotación con respecto a la placa (2) inferior, pero alrededor de una posición que imponga una ligera inclinación permanente de al menos una de las placas.
La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con la presente invención puede, en una variante de realización, estar solidariamente anclada, desde el momento en que se implanta, en la columna vertebral para evitar que la prótesis migre bajo el efecto de la transversal resultante de la fuerza ejercida por la columna vertebral sobre la prótesis en su sitio, que de hecho es mucho más importante que la lordosis. En este caso, la placa (2) inferior comprende una o más aberturas situadas en las inmediaciones del lado trasero de la prótesis, que recibe los medios de anclaje.
Por lo tanto, en una variante de realización, las aberturas en la placa (2) inferior son circulares y los medios de anclaje tienen la forma de espárragos, con un cabezal que tiene un tamaño más grande que el de las aberturas para permitir que la placa (2) inferior se intercale entre el cabezal de los medios de anclaje y la vértebra sobre la cual se ancla la prótesis. Para mayor seguridad, las aberturas podrían estar hechas de modo que los medios de anclaje y la placa inferior formen un ángulo inferior o igual a 90º.
Las prótesis de disco intervertebral no resultan fáciles de implantar en el paciente. Esta dificultad se agrava por el hecho de la movilidad de las piezas de las prótesis que componen una placa inferior, una placa superior y un núcleo móvil al menos con respecto a la placa inferior. Es, por lo tanto, significativo asociar estas prótesis con un dispositivo que las permite sostenerse e insertarse entre las vértebras. Dicho dispositivo de acuerdo con la presente invención está constituido por un sujetador (7) del que la superficie (71) frontal presenta una forma provista para encajar con la forma del borde frontal de la prótesis. Este sujetador (7) presenta sobre al menos dos de sus bordes medios (72) de sujeción de la prótesis. Estos medios (72) de sujeción pueden, por ejemplo, ser dos aletas (72) flexibles montadas sobre los bordes laterales del sujetador y pueden sostener la prótesis al apretar los bordes laterales de las placas superior e inferior de la prótesis. La superficie (71) frontal del sujetador (7) tiene, por ejemplo, una altura al menos sustancialmente igual a la altura de la prótesis, para entrar en contacto con los bordes frontales de cada una de las placas de la prótesis.
En una realización de la invención, una ranura (711) está presente en la parte media de la superficie (71) frontal del sujetador (7) para entrar en contacto con el borde frontal del núcleo, retrasada ligeramente con respecto a los bordes frontales de las placas. Por supuesto, puede haber varias ranuras que encajen con la forma de la prótesis. La superficie (71) frontal del sujetador (7) provista de la ranura (711) encaja de este modo perfectamente con la forma del borde frontal de la prótesis cuando entra en contacto con los tres elementos que componen la prótesis. De este modo, el sujetador ayuda a soportar la prótesis y empujarla de forma homogénea hacia su abertura entre dos vértebras. Este sujetador (7) está provisto para sostener a la prótesis e insertarse en un cargador (6) (o cargadora que hace referencia a medios para cargar la prótesis soportada por el sujetador). Este cargador (6) presenta un cabezal (62) en el que se dispone un espacio para recibir el sujetador que sostiene a la prótesis y un cuerpo (61) provisto para deslizarse alrededor de un vástago, denominado una guía (5). La superficie trasera del sujetador (7) puede estar provista de un agujero en su centro, provisto para insertar un extremo (54) de la guía (5), de modo que la guía (5) pueda sostener y empujar al sujetador (7). La guía (5) está equipada con un empujador (52) en su otro extremo, que ayudará a empujar al sujetador y a la prótesis fuera del cabezal (62) del cargador (6) al hacer que la guía (5) se deslice en el cuerpo (61) del cargador (6). Un tope límite se monta en la guía (5) en una posición ajustable. Por ejemplo, el anillo (53) roscado se enrosca alrededor de la guía mediante roscado. Este anillo sirve como un tope (53) límite para la guía cuando se desliza por el cuerpo (61) del cargador (6). La posición del tope (53) límite se ajustará, en función del tamaño de la vértebra, de modo que cuando el tope (53) límite de la guía (5) entre en contacto con el cuerpo (61) del cargador (6), el extremo (54) de la guía (5) habrá empujado al sujetador (7) hasta una posición donde la prótesis, sostenida por las aletas (72) flexibles del sujetador, esté ahora fuera del cabezal (62) del cargador (6) y centrada con respecto al eje de la columna vertebral.
En una realización de la prótesis de acuerdo con la invención, tal como se ha descrito anteriormente, las placas superior (1) e inferior (2) están provistas de dientes o muescas (11 y 21) en su superficie en contacto con las
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vértebras. Estas muescas (11, 21) están orientadas para oponerse al desplazamiento de la prótesis en la dirección de retirada del sujetador (17), una vez la prótesis ha entrado en su abertura entre dos vértebras, realizada previamente por el cirujano. Estas muescas (11, 21) están orientadas de este modo para permitir que la prótesis vuelva a su abertura pero que no salga cuando el cirujano retira el sujetador (7) que sostiene a la prótesis. Por otro 5 lado, el extremo frontal de los medios (72) de sujeción de la prótesis presentes sobre al menos dos bordes del sujetador (7) es mayor (más grueso) que su extremo posterior. La anchura del sujetador en su extremo posterior es sustancialmente igual (o ligeramente más pequeña) que la anchura del espacio en el cabezal (62) del cargador. Gracias a estas dimensiones sustancialmente iguales del espacio dentro del cabezal (62) del cargador (6) y de la prótesis y el sujetador (7), cuando ambos están en el cabezal (62) del cargador (6), la prótesis es sujetada 10 firmemente por las aletas (72) flexibles del sujetador (7) de las que los extremos frontales están comprimidos entre la prótesis y la pared interna del espacio realizado en el cabezal (62) del cargador (6). Cuando el cirujano presiona sobre o golpea el empujador (52) de la guía, la prótesis sale del cabezal (62) del cargador y es sujetada con menos firmeza por el sujetador (7) dado que los extremos traseros de las aletas (72) flexibles están menos comprimidos de lo que los estaban los extremos frontales. La prótesis podría entonces liberarse del sujetador al retirar el dispositivo
15 de inserción, debido a la presencia de las muescas en las placas inferior y superior, permitiendo que la prótesis permanezca en su abertura entre las dos vértebras.
Debe ser evidente para especialistas que la presente invención permite realizaciones en numerosas otras formas concretas sin alejarse del alcance de aplicación de la invención tal como se reivindica. Como consecuencia, las presentes realizaciones deben considerarse a modo de ilustración, aunque pueden modificarse dentro del alcance
20 definido por el rango de las reivindicaciones adjuntas, y la invención no debe limitarse a los detalles dados anteriormente en el presente documento.
Claims (13)
- 510152025303540455055REIVINDICACIONES
- 1.
- Una prótesis de disco intervertebral que comprende al menos tres piezas que incluyen una primera placa (1), una segunda placa (2) y un núcleo (3) móvil al menos con respecto a una de las placas (1, 2), teniendo el núcleo (3) una superficie curvada en contacto con al menos una parte de una superficie curvada complementaria de la primera placa (1) y una superficie sustancialmente plana en contacto con al menos una parte de una superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), caracterizada porque el núcleo (3) comprende, sobre dicha superficie sustancialmente plana en contacto con la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2):
-una pluralidad de alvéolos cóncavos, dispuestos para facilitar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) con respecto a esta superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), o -al menos un agujero (41) ciego prolongado, hasta la periferia de esta superficie sustancialmente plana, mediante ranuras (410) que forman canales mediante los cuales el líquido intersticial del tejido circundante puede jugar un papel lubricante para mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) sobre la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2), cuando la prótesis está colocada en el paciente. -
- 2.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la superficie sustancialmente plana del núcleo (3) es la superficie inferior del núcleo (3) y la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2) es la superficie superior de la segunda placa (2), conocida como placa inferior.
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- 3.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizada porque el núcleo (3) comprende una carcasa (4) protectora que envuelve al menos a la superficie sustancialmente plana del núcleo (3), estando dicha multitud de agujeros ciegos o alvéolos cóncavos, o dicho agujero (41) ciego y ranuras (410), ubicadas en la superficie de la carcasa (4) protectora en contacto con la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2).
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- 4.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque el área de contacto de la superficie sustancialmente plana del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora con la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2) y el área de contacto de la superficie curvada del núcleo
(3) con la superficie curvada de la primera placa (1) son sustancialmente iguales, en ambos lados del núcleo (3). -
- 5.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada porque el ángulo formado por los bordes (411) del agujero (41) ciego o la multitud de agujeros (41) presentes al menos en la superficie sustancialmente plana del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora del núcleo (3), es suavizado para mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) sobre superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2).
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- 6.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada porque el ángulo formado por los bordes (411) de las ranuras (410) que prolongan el agujero (41) ciego hasta la periferia de la superficie sustancialmente plana del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) protectora del núcleo, es suavizado para mejorar el deslizamiento del núcleo (3) o de la carcasa (4) sobre la superficie sustancialmente plana de la segunda placa (2).
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- 7.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 3 a 6, caracterizada porque el núcleo (3) está hecho de polietileno, la carcasa (4) protectora del núcleo (3) está hecha de metal y las primera (1) y segunda (2) placas están hechas de metal.
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- 8.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizada porque el núcleo (3) es móvil con respecto a la primera (1) y/o segunda (2) placas y que un ángulo variable entre las primera (1) y segunda (2) placas depende de la posición del núcleo (3), una inclinación, en absolutamente cualquier dirección, de al menos la primera placa (1) que induce el desplazamiento del núcleo (3) entre las placas (1, 2) y que proporciona libertad de movimiento para el paciente y que, al mismo tiempo, ayuda a eliminar los defectos de posicionamiento de la prótesis.
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- 9.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizada porque un ángulo entre la superficie superior de la placa (1, 2) superior y la superficie inferior de la placa (2, 1) inferior está impuesto por el hecho de que los planos medios que representan las superficies superior e inferior del núcleo (3) forman un ángulo.
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- 10.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, caracterizada porque un ángulo entre la superficie superior de la placa (1, 2) superior y la superficie inferior de la placa (2, 1) inferior está impuesto por el hecho de que los planos medios que representan las superficies superior e inferior de la primera placa (1) forman un ángulo.
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- 11.
- La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, caracterizada porque un ángulo entre la superficie superior de la placa (1, 2) superior y la superficie inferior de la placa (2, 1) inferior está impuesto por el hecho de que los planos medios que representan las superficies superior e inferior de la segunda placa (2) forman un ángulo.
7 - 12. La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 11, caracterizada porque la superficie inferior de la segunda placa (2, 1) y la superficie superior de la primera placa (1, 2) están provistas de dientes o muescas (21, 11) situadas en las inmediaciones de al menos dos bordes de la prótesis, orientadas de modo que evitan el deslizamiento de la prótesis y que sirven como medios de anclaje mediante su5 adhesión al tejido óseo permitida por un revestimiento biocompatible poroso de las superficies de las placas (1, 2) en contacto con las vértebras.
- 13. La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, caracterizada porque al menos la segunda placa (2) comprende una o más aberturas en las inmediaciones de su lado frontal, provistas para recibir medios de anclaje de la prótesis en una vértebra.10 14. La prótesis de disco intervertebral de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, caracterizada porque la placa superior está abultada en al menos una parte de su superficie superior para adaptarse a la forma de las vértebras.8
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2005
- 2005-02-04 EP EP09009531.6A patent/EP2113227B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-04 BR BRPI0507468-1A patent/BRPI0507468A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2005-02-04 JP JP2006551952A patent/JP4996927B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 CN CN201010256654.2A patent/CN101961270B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 DK DK09009531.6T patent/DK2113227T3/en active
- 2005-02-04 PT PT05702425T patent/PT1711133E/pt unknown
- 2005-02-04 RU RU2006131585/14A patent/RU2354334C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-04 AT AT05702425T patent/ATE507803T1/de active
- 2005-02-04 ES ES09009531.6T patent/ES2547532T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-04 DE DE602005027806T patent/DE602005027806D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-04 KR KR1020067014576A patent/KR101146215B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 PL PL09009531T patent/PL2113227T3/pl unknown
- 2005-02-04 PT PT90095316T patent/PT2113227E/pt unknown
- 2005-02-04 ES ES05702425T patent/ES2363154T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-07-04 IL IL176696A patent/IL176696A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-03 ZA ZA2006/06484A patent/ZA200606484B/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-10-14 US US14/513,818 patent/US9655739B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2017
- 2017-05-23 US US15/603,429 patent/US10603185B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2020
- 2020-02-24 US US16/799,179 patent/US20200205995A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2022
- 2022-04-22 US US17/727,605 patent/US20220241086A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2022-04-22 US US17/727,613 patent/US11957598B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| PL2113227T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
| IL176696A0 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
| US9655739B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
| JP4996927B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
| JP2007526802A (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
| CN101961270B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
| KR20070058372A (ko) | 2007-06-08 |
| US11957598B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
| RU2354334C2 (ru) | 2009-05-10 |
| US20220241086A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
| ATE507803T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| IL176696A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| PT1711133E (pt) | 2011-06-01 |
| BRPI0507468A (pt) | 2007-07-10 |
| ES2363154T3 (es) | 2011-07-22 |
| US20200205995A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
| US20150032209A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| US20170258601A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
| CN101961270A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
| US10603185B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
| DK2113227T3 (en) | 2015-11-02 |
| EP2113227B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| ZA200606484B (en) | 2008-01-08 |
| RU2006131585A (ru) | 2008-03-10 |
| KR101146215B1 (ko) | 2012-05-11 |
| EP2113227A1 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| US20220241087A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
| PT2113227E (pt) | 2015-10-16 |
| DE602005027806D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
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