ES2393099T3 - Implante intervertebral - Google Patents
Implante intervertebral Download PDFInfo
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- ES2393099T3 ES2393099T3 ES10014938T ES10014938T ES2393099T3 ES 2393099 T3 ES2393099 T3 ES 2393099T3 ES 10014938 T ES10014938 T ES 10014938T ES 10014938 T ES10014938 T ES 10014938T ES 2393099 T3 ES2393099 T3 ES 2393099T3
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- intervertebral implant
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- implant according
- front plate
- longitudinal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
- A61F2/4465—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
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- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30383—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by laterally inserting a protrusion, e.g. a rib into a complementarily-shaped groove
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30426—Bayonet coupling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/305—Snap connection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/30517—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a locking plate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30593—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for hollow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30774—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section internally-threaded
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
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- A61F2002/30777—Oblong apertures
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
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Abstract
Implante intervertebral que incluye un cuerpo tridimensional (10), con A) una cara superior (1) y una cara inferior (2) apropiadas para el contacto con las placas terminales de dos cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes; B) una superficie lateral izquierda (3) y una superficie lateral derecha (4); C) una superficie frontal (5) y una superficie posterior (6); D) un plano horizontal (7) situado entre la cara superior (1) y la cara inferior (2); E) un plano central vertical (12) extendido desde la superficie frontal (5) hacia la superficie posterior (6); F) el cuerpo tridimensional (10) presentando en su superficie frontal (5) una placa frontal (8) a través de la cual pasan una pluralidad de taladros (9) en la que pueden estar anclados elementos de fijación longitudinales (20); y G) una pluralidad de taladros (9) que perforan el cuerpo (10) y son apropiados para el alojamiento de los elementos de fijación longitudinales (20), caracterizado porque H) los taladros (9) no atraviesan completamente la superficie frontal (5) del cuerpo (10).
Description
Implante intervertebral
La invención se refiere a un implante intervertebral según el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.
Por el documento GB-A-2 207 607 se conoce un implante intervertebral que presenta un aspecto en forma de herradura con una pluralidad de agujeros cilíndricos. Los agujeros son lisos en su interior y presentan solamente un tope para las cabezas de los tornillos para hueso a insertar en los mismos. Las desventajas de dicha disposición consiste en que los tornillos de fijación insertados en los mismos sólo pueden ser anclados en el hueso mediante su vástago, sin que resulte una unión rígida con el implante intervertebral con forma de herradura. En cuanto se produce en el hueso un debilitamiento del anclaje del vástago de tornillo, el implante intervertebral se vuelve móvil respecto del tornillo y existe la tendencia de una migración de los tornillos para hueso amenazando los vasos sanguíneos. Además, el aflojamiento del implante intervertebral puede producir una pseudoartrosis.
Por el documento US-A 2000/0010511 MICHELSON se conoce un implante intervertebral que en su superficie frontal presenta dos taladros con una rosca interior en la cual se pueden insertar tornillos para hueso con una cabeza roscada. Lo desventajoso de este implante es, por un lado, el hecho de que los tornillos para hueso pueden aflojarse de nuevo y no están asegurados contra un desenroscado o una caída fuera. Por otro lado, existe la desventaja adicional de que los tornillos para hueso están fijados completamente al mismo cuerpo de implante y este último experimenta, consecuentemente, una carga relativamente grande.
Los tornillos que salen del borde anterior o anterolateral del cuerpo vertebral ponen en riesgo vasos principales como la aorta, vena cava y vasos circulatorios como las arterias y venas lumbares. La lesión de los vasos principales tiene como consecuencia, en poco tiempo, el desangramiento interno. La posibilidad de un aflojamiento de los tornillos es tanto más posible cuando no han sido colocados con estabilidad angular.
En este caso, la invención se propone ponerle remedio. La invención tiene como base el problema de crear un implante intervertebral que con elementos de fijación de huesos pueda producir una unión duradera rígida, de modo que también ante un debilitamiento de la estructura ósea no se presente un aflojamiento entre el implante intervertebral y los elementos de fijación de huesos. Además, mediante una placa frontal configurada separada se pretende realizar una banda de tensión para los elementos de fijación ósea, de modo que el cuerpo del implante experimente un menor stress, es decir tensiones superpuestas.
La invención resuelve el objetivo mediante un implante intervertebral que presenta las características de la reivindicación 1. El estado actual de la técnica según el documento US-A-2002/0169508 se aprecia en el preámbulo.
Las ventajas conseguidas por medio de la invención resultan, en lo esencial, mediante la unión duradera rígida, es decir permanente, entre el implante intervertebral y los elementos de fijación longitudinales usados para su fijación.
En la superficie frontal del cuerpo tridimensional se encuentra colocada una placa frontal, dispuesta en forma vertical respecto del plano central horizontal del implante intervertebral, a través de la cual pasan los taladros y en la que pueden ser anclados los elementos de fijación longitudinales. Ello tiene, respecto de implantes de dos piezas según el estado actual de la técnica, en el cual se implanta en un paso de cirugía separado una placa frontal, la ventaja de que la implantación del implante intervertebral puede hacerse en una etapa y, por consiguiente, de manera más sencilla y rápida. Otra ventaja se basa en el hecho de que debido a ello la fijación del implante intervertebral se realiza al cuerpo vertebral, a ser posible de manera frontal, es decir allí donde por regla general existe buen material óseo. El resultado es una restricción del movimiento anterior, sin que por ello se produzca un mayor riesgo para las estructuras contiguas, como es el caso en un implante intervertebral de acuerdo con el estado actual de la técnica. La carga todavía es absorbida por el implante intervertebral bajo compresión y no por la placa frontal o los tornillos de fijación.
En una forma de realización especial es posible fijar una placa de fijación paralela respecto de la placa frontal, preferentemente por medio de una unión roscada, un cierre a bayoneta o un cierre de encastre. La placa de fijación presenta, apropiadamente, un taladro central que, preferentemente, está provisto de una rosca interior. La placa frontal presenta, apropiadamente, un taladro central para el alojamiento de un elemento de fijación. La placa de fijación permite fijar de manera simultánea todos los elementos de fijación ósea.
En una forma de realización especial, al menos uno de los taladros de la placa frontal está configurado de tal manera que un elemento de fijación longitudinal alojado en el mismo puede ser unido de manera rígida con la placa frontal.
Una unión rígida puede ser conseguida, por ejemplo, porque al menos uno de los taladros presenta una rosca interior. A continuación, un tornillo para hueso apropiado con una cabeza roscada puede ser atornillado de manera rígida al implante.
Una alternativa de ello consiste en que al menos uno de los taladros se estreche de manera cónica hacia la cara inferior, de modo que un tornillo para hueso con cabeza cónica correspondiente pueda ser anclado rígidamente en el mismo. El taladro cónico tiene, preferentemente, un ángulo cónico menor que el ángulo de fricción resultante. Apropiadamente, la conicidad del taladro cónico es de 1 : 3,75 a 1 : 20,00, preferentemente de 1 : 5 a 1 : 15.
Los elementos de fijación de huesos pueden tener una cabeza lisa, de modo que no se presente una unión rígida con el implante, o también una cabeza roscada, cabeza cónica o cabeza expansible, de manera que se produzca una unión rígida con el implante. Sin embargo, en ambos casos los elementos de fijación para hueso están asegurados mediante la placa de fijación contra un desenroscado, una expulsión o caídas fuera posteriores.
En una forma de realización particular, la placa frontal está configurada en el cuerpo tridimensional como inserto y dispuesta, preferentemente, de manera vertical desplazable respecto del plano central horizontal, de tal manera que pueda desplazarse sobre la vertical respecto del cuerpo tridimensional. De esta manera se consigue un "stress shielding" (protección o neutralización de tensiones mecánicas), lo que permite durante el proceso de curación una adaptación gradual de las placas terminales al implante intervertebral.
En otra forma de realización, la placa frontal está fabricada de otro material que el cuerpo tridimensional, preferentemente de un material metálico. Como materiales metálicos son aptos, particularmente, el titanio o las aleaciones de titanio. La disposición completa de las bandas de tensión (placa frontal y tornillos) también puede estar fabricada de acero para implantes o materiales metálicos de alta aleación como CoCrMo o CoCrMoC. La ventaja del titanio está en la compatibilidad tisular y el buen comportamiento de encarnación del hueso. La ventaja del material metálico de alta aleación consiste en sus elevados valores de resistencia que permiten construcciones delicadas.
Apropiadamente, la cara superior y/o la cara inferior del implante intervertebral no están configuradas planas sino, preferentemente, convexas. De esta manera se consigue una mejor adaptación a las placas terminales del cuerpo vertebral adyacente. En otra forma de realización, las superficies laterales del implante intervertebral están configuradas, en lo esencial, convexas.
Apropiadamente, los taladros no perforan la cara lateral izquierda y la cara lateral derecha del implante intervertebral.
En otra forma de realización preferente, al menos dos de los taladros se extienden paralelos. De este modo se facilita la posibilidad de introducción del implante intervertebral durante la implantación
En otra forma de realización preferente, vistos desde la cara frontal al menos dos de los taladros se extienden divergentes. De este modo se llega con los tornillos para hueso a un sector del cuerpo vertebral que en comparación con su centro presenta una mejor calidad ósea.
En una forma de realización especial, los ejes de los taladros incluyen respecto del plano central horizontal un
ángulo β en el intervalo de 20° a 60°, preferentemente de 36° a 48°. Los ejes de taladro incluyen, apropiadamente, respecto del plano central vertical un ángulo α en el intervalo de 10° a 45°, preferentemente de 27° a 33°. De esta manera se consigue un mejor acceso al introducir los tornillos.
En otra forma de realización, el plano central horizontal de los taladros no es perforado.
En una forma de realización especial, la cara superior y la cara inferior del cuerpo están provistas de una estructura, preferentemente en forma de dientes.
El implante intervertebral puede estar configurado como cuerpo hueco cuya superficie envolvente está provista, preferentemente, de perforaciones.
Según las circunstancias pueden conectarse con el implante intervertebral de manera rígida dos, tres, cuatro o también más elementos de fijación longitudinales, apropiadamente al menos un elemento de fijación debería perforar la cara superior y al menos un elemento de fijación la cara inferior del implante intervertebral.
Preferentemente, se usan elementos de fijación longitudinales en forma de tornillos para hueso con una cabeza y un vástago, estando la cabeza provista, preferentemente, de una rosca externa que se corresponde con la rosca interior del taladro del implante intervertebral. En una posible segunda forma de conexión rígida puede usarse, preferentemente, un tornillo para hueso en el que la cabeza se estrecha cónicamente hacia el vástago, ajustándose la conexidad de la cabeza a la conicidad del taladro del implante intervertebral.
En otra forma de realización, al menos dos elementos de fijación longitudinales perforan la cara superior y al menos dos elementos de fijación longitudinales la cara inferior. De esta manera, el implante intervertebral recibe un anclaje óptimo a los cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes.
Los elementos de fijación longitudinales configurados como tornillos para hueso presentan, preferentemente, una rosca exterior autotaladrante y autorroscante. Los elementos de fijación longitudinales también pueden estar configurados como pernos cilíndricos sin rosca provistos de una punta de broca, preferentemente en forma de trocar.
Otra variante son elementos de fijación longitudinales configurados como resortes helicoidales y, finalmente, elementos de fijación longitudinales también pueden estar configurados como cuchillas en espiral de uno o más filos.
El implante intervertebral puede estar fabricado de cualquier material biocompatible, sin embargo, apropiadamente, el cuerpo se compone de un plástico vio compatible, preferentemente un plástico no reforzado. La ventaja respecto de los plásticos reforzados con fibra ya conocidos en la implantología consiste en que no se liberan fibras de refuerzo, algo que clínicamente es desventajoso. En un cuerpo de este tipo de plásticos no reforzados pueden usarse, apropiadamente, tornillos para hueso cuya rosca exterior presenten un ángulo de flanco de carga en el intervalo de 11º a 14°, preferentemente de 12° a 13°. La inclinación comparativamente reducida de la rosca de carga genera una elevada fuerza de apriete, mediante lo cual se reduce la dilatación radial y el riesgo de fisuras en el plástico. Apropiadamente, la rosca exterior de los tornillos para hueso presentan un ángulo de paso en el intervalo de 6° a 10°, preferentemente de 7° a 9°. Este ángulo de paso especial genera en la rosca un autoenclavamiento y, de este modo, asegura el tornillo para hueso contra un aflojamiento por sí solo.
Para mejorar el anclaje del tornillo para hueso en el cuerpo plástico, el taladro puede ser un manguito metálico con rosca interior. El implante intervertebral puede estar compuesto, también sólo en parte, de un plástico permeable a los rayos Roentgen y, en el sector de los taladros, de metal, por ejemplo de titanio o aleación de titanio. De este modo, en total, en el implante intervertebral se consigue una mejor guía y un mejor anclaje de los tornillos para hueso.
En otra forma de realización preferente, los taladros pueden presentar una pared interior lisa en la cual puede ser cortada o moldeada la cabeza roscada de un elemento de fijación longitudinal metálico.
La invención y los perfeccionamientos de la invención se explican a continuación en mayor detalle mediante las representaciones, en parte esquematizadas, de un ejemplo de realización.
Muestran:
La figura 1, un despiece del implante intervertebral según la invención, con una placa de fijación;
la figura 2, un elemento longitudinal de fijación para hueso en forma de tornillo;
la figura 3, una vista posterior del implante intervertebral ensamblado de la figura 1;
la figura 4, una vista lateral del implante intervertebral ensamblado de la figura 1;
la figura 5, una vista tridimensional detallada del cuerpo del implante intervertebral, que muestra los elementos de conexión a la placa frontal según la figura 6;
la figura 6, una vista tridimensional de la placa frontal del implante intervertebral, que muestra los elementos de conexión al cuerpo según la figura 5 y
la figura 7, un implante intervertebral completamente montado con placa frontal según la invención y con una placa de fijación.
El implante intervertebral mostrado en las figuras 1 - 7 comprende un cuerpo tridimensional 10 en forma de jaula con una cara superior 1 y una cara inferior 2, las cuales son apropiadas para el contacto con las placas terminales de dos cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes, una superficie lateral izquierda 3 y una superficie lateral derecha 4, una superficie frontal 5 y una superficie posterior 6, un plano central horizontal 7 situado entre la cara superior 1 y la cara inferior 2, un plano central vertical 12 extendido desde la superficie frontal 5 a la superficie posterior 6, cuatro taladros 9 que perforan el cuerpo 10, apropiados para el alojamiento de elementos de fijación longitudinales 20. El cuerpo tridimensional 10 presenta en su superficie frontal 5 una placa frontal 8 a través de la cual pasan los taladros 9 y en la que pueden ser anclados los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20. Ninguno de los cuatro taladros (9) perfora completamente la superficie frontal 5 del cuerpo 10. El cuerpo 10 está configurado como cuerpo hueco cuya superficie envolvente está provista de perforaciones 19.
El implante de intervertebral presenta, además, una placa de fijación 18, que mediante una conexión roscada paralela a la placa frontal 8 puede ser fijada a la placa frontal 8 de tal manera, que los taladros 9 puede ser cubiertos, en parte, por la placa de fijación 18. Con este propósito, la placa de fijación 18 presenta un taladro central 17. Correspondientemente, la placa frontal 8 presenta un taladro central 15 con rosca interior 14 para el alojamiento de un elemento de fijación 16 en forma de tornillo. También puede prescindirse de la placa de fijación 18.
Los cuatro taladros 9 en la placa frontal 8 presentan una rosca interior 11, de tal manera que los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20, en forma de tornillos, alojados en la misma puedan ser conectados de manera rígida con la placa frontal 8.
La placa frontal 8 se compone de titanio y el cuerpo tridimensional 10 de un plástico sin reforzar permeable a los rayos Roentgen. Como se muestra en las figuras 5/6, la placa frontal 8 está configurada como inserto para el cuerpo 10 y dispuesta desplazable verticalmente respecto del plano central horizontal 7. Con este propósito, el cuerpo 10 presenta, en los pasos de la superficie lateral izquierda 3, o bien la superficie lateral derecha 4 (figura 5), a la superficie frontal 5, una ranura 27 de forma cilíndrica semicircular extendida paralela al plano central vertical 12. Correspondientemente, la placa frontal 8 muestra a derecha e izquierda (figura 6) un riel 28 de forma cilíndrica semicircular de igual desarrollo e igual dimensión. De este modo, en la fabricación del implante intervertebral, la placa frontal puede ser insertada y posicionada fácilmente con sus dos rieles laterales 28 en las ranuras 27 respectivas del cuerpo 10.
Las superficies laterales 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 del cuerpo 10 están todas configuradas convexas.
Los taladros 9 no perforan la superficie lateral izquierda 3 ni la superficie lateral derecha 4; tampoco la superficie frontal 5 es perforada completamente por los taladros 9.
Los cuatro taladros 9 se extienden, vistos desde la superficie frontal 5, todos divergentes (figura 7).
Los ejes 24 de los taladros 9 incluyen respecto del plano central horizontal 7 un ángulo β de 42° y respecto del plano central vertical 12 un ángulo α de 30°.
Los taladros 9 no perforan el plano central horizontal 7, solamente los ejes 24 de los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 insertados en el mismo cortan el plano central horizontal 7 del cuerpo 10.
Como se muestra en la figura 7, la cara superior 1 y la cara inferior 2 del cuerpo 10 están provistas de una estructura en forma de dientes 30.
Los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 están configurados como tornillos para hueso. Como se muestra en la figura 2, los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 insertados en los taladros 9 presentan una cabeza 21, una punta 22, un vástago 23 y un eje 24. La cabeza 21 está provista de una rosca exterior 25 que se corresponde con la rosca interior 11 del taladro 9, de modo que las cabezas 21 puedan ser ancladas de manera rígida en los taladros 9. El vástago 23 está provisto de una rosca 26 autotaladrante y autoroscante. El ángulo de flanco de carga de la rosca 26 es de 12,5° y el ángulo de paso de 8°.
Mediante la fijación de la placa de fijación 18 a la placa frontal 8, las cabezas 21 de los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 son contactados por la placa de filiación 18, de manera que la misma está asegurada contra una expulsión o un desenroscado.
Como se muestra en la figura 7, dos elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 perforan la cara superior 1 y dos elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 perforan la cara inferior 2 del cuerpo 10.
Para una explicación adicional de la invención sigue una breve descripción de la operación:
a) El implante intervertebral en forma de un cuerpo tridimensional (10) es insertado mediante un instrumento apropiado entre dos cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes; b) cuatro elementos de fijación longitudinales 20 en forma de tornillos para hueso son enroscados mediante un instrumento de guía en los cuerpos vertebrales a través de los taladros 9 de la placa frontal 8. c) la placa de fijación 18 es fijada a la placa frontal mediante el elemento de fijación 16 en forma de tornillo encima de las cabezas 21 de los elemento de fijación longitudinales 20, de modo que las cabezas 21 de los elementos de fijación longitudinales 20, y de este modo los tornillos mismos, estén atrapadas entre la placa frontal 8 y la placa de fijación 18 y aseguradas contra un desplazamiento relativo respecto del cuerpo 10 (por ejemplo por la caída fuera o desenroscado). El elemento de fijación 16 en forma de tornillo está provisto, preferentemente, de una rosca que se destaca por un gran autobloqueo.
Claims (15)
- REIVINDICACIONES
- 1.
- Implante intervertebral que incluye un cuerpo tridimensional (10), con A) una cara superior (1) y una cara inferior (2) apropiadas para el contacto con las placas terminales de dos cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes; B) una superficie lateral izquierda (3) y una superficie lateral derecha (4); C) una superficie frontal (5) y una superficie posterior (6); D) un plano horizontal (7) situado entre la cara superior (1) y la cara inferior (2); E) un plano central vertical (12) extendido desde la superficie frontal (5) hacia la superficie posterior (6); F) el cuerpo tridimensional (10) presentando en su superficie frontal (5) una placa frontal (8) a través de la cual pasan una pluralidad de taladros (9) en la que pueden estar anclados elementos de fijación longitudinales (20); y G) una pluralidad de taladros (9) que perforan el cuerpo (10) y son apropiados para el alojamiento de los elementos de fijación longitudinales (20), caracterizado porque H) los taladros (9) no atraviesan completamente la superficie frontal (5) del cuerpo (10).
-
- 2.
- Implante intervertebral según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque ninguno de los taladros (9) perforan completamente el cuerpo (10).
-
- 3.
- Implante intervertebral según las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque presenta una placa de fijación
- (18)
- que, en lo esencial, puede ser fijada paralela respecto de la placa frontal (8) al cuerpo (10) o a la placa frontal
- (8)
- de tal manera que los taladros (9) puedan ser cubiertos, al menos en parte, por la placa de fijación (18).
-
- 4.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque al menos uno de los taladros (9) de la placa frontal (8) está configurado de tal manera que un elemento de fijación longitudinal (20) alojado en el mismo pueda ser unido de manera rígida con la placa frontal (8).
-
- 5.
- Implante intervertebral según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque al menos uno de los taladros (9) presenta una rosca interior (11).
-
- 6.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizado porque al menos un taladro (9) se estrecha cónicamente hacia la cara inferior (2).
-
- 7.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque la placa frontal (8) está configurada como inserto y dispuesta, preferentemente, vertical al plano central horizontal (7).
-
- 8.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizado porque la placa frontal (8) está fabricada de un material diferente que el cuerpo tridimensional (10) y es, preferentemente, metálico.
-
- 9.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque los taladros (9) no perforan la superficie lateral izquierda (3) ni la superficie lateral derecha (4).
-
- 10.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, caracterizado porque, vistos desde la cara frontal (1), al menos dos de los taladros (9) se extienden divergentes.
-
- 11.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, caracterizado porque los ejes (24) de los taladros (9) incluyen respecto del plano central horizontal (7) un ángulo β en el intervalo de 20° a 60°, preferentemente de 36° a 48°.
-
- 12.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 11, caracterizado porque los ejes (24) de los taladros (9) incluyen respecto del plano central vertical (12) un ángulo α en el intervalo de 10° a 45°, preferentemente de 27° a 33°.
-
- 13.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, caracterizado porque se compone, en parte, de un material permeable a los rayos Roentgen, preferentemente un plástico, y en el sector de los taladros (9) de un metal, preferentemente sobre la base de titanio.
-
- 14.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, caracterizado porque su cara superior (1) y cara inferior (2) están provistos de una estructura, preferentemente en forma de dientes (30).
-
- 15.
- Implante intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, con al menos dos elementos de fijación longitudinales (20) insertables en los taladros (9), caracterizado porque los elemento de fijación longitudinales (20) insertados en los taladros (9) presentan una cabeza (21), una punta (22), un vástago (23) y un eje (24) y porque las cabezas (21) pueden ser ancladas en los taladros (9).
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PCT/CH2003/000089 WO2004069106A1 (de) | 2003-02-06 | 2003-02-06 | Zwischenwirbelimplantat |
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- 2003-02-06 DE DE50313446T patent/DE50313446D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-06 EP EP10014938A patent/EP2335656B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-02-06 AU AU2003201614A patent/AU2003201614B2/en not_active Expired
- 2003-02-06 ES ES10014938T patent/ES2393099T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-06 AT AT03700311T patent/ATE496593T1/de active
- 2003-02-06 JP JP2004567675A patent/JP4977323B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-02-06 EP EP03700311A patent/EP1589909B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-06 BR BRPI0317820-0A patent/BRPI0317820B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-06 WO PCT/CH2003/000089 patent/WO2004069106A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-02-06 EP EP11009997A patent/EP2457541A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2004
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2005
- 2005-08-08 US US11/199,599 patent/US7846207B2/en active Active
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2009
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2014
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2015
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