EP2480359B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünlings, vorrichtung zur dessen herstellung und computerprogrammprodukt - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünlings, vorrichtung zur dessen herstellung und computerprogrammprodukt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2480359B1
EP2480359B1 EP10765568.0A EP10765568A EP2480359B1 EP 2480359 B1 EP2480359 B1 EP 2480359B1 EP 10765568 A EP10765568 A EP 10765568A EP 2480359 B1 EP2480359 B1 EP 2480359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partial
green compact
working space
punch
partial green
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Active
Application number
EP10765568.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2480359A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Schmitt
Antonio Casellas
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GKN Sinter Metals Holding GmbH
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GKN Sinter Metals Holding GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a green compact, the green compact comprising at least two partial green compacts.
  • EP 399 630 B1 a method for producing a green compact emerges, wherein powder material is precompacted to form a first green compact and then a second, separately precompacted green compact or a solid part is inserted into a cavity of the first green compact in the press. Then the assembled green compact is finally compacted.
  • JP8134509 A it is known that two green parts are moved into one another to form a loose fit. Only afterwards, when both partial green parts have been moved to one another with the formation of a clearance fit, does pressing take place by means of the outer and inner upper punch.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for producing a green compact.
  • a method for producing a green compact comprising at least two partial green compacts, the partial green compacts each being pressed and joined from at least one powdery substance in one operation.
  • two, three, four or more than four partial green parts can be pressed and joined or pressed, brought together and joined in one operation.
  • the proposed method is much faster than a separate compression of all partial green parts to be joined with a subsequent assembly of the partial green parts.
  • the partial green parts are pressed in the same tool.
  • at least one partially green compact can be pre-compacted and subsequently compacted or finally compacted before or after joining.
  • the joined green compact is preferably re-compacted or finally compacted in the same tool.
  • all of the partially green parts to be joined are compacted before or during the joining process in such a way that subsequent densification does not have to be carried out after joining.
  • the powdery substance is fed in a first step to at least one filling space of a tool and in a second step the powdery substance is separated into at least two partial quantities.
  • a first partial amount of the powdery substance is supplied to a first working space and a second partial amount is supplied to a second working space.
  • Working space is to be understood as meaning, in particular, cavities in a pressing tool which can be filled with a powder and in which a pressing process or compression of the powder can be carried out.
  • the working spaces are preferably delimited by at least one press ram.
  • the working space is delimited by at least two press punches and / or by a die.
  • the work space can be designed to be movable, so that, for example, a pressing process of the powdery substance or the partial amount that is arranged in the work space can be carried out while the entire work space is being moved.
  • One embodiment also provides for the movement of the working space and the subset of the pulverulent substance arranged in it without compressing the same.
  • the filling space is a space in which the powdery substance is filled. This can in particular comprise at least one work space.
  • a filling space is provided for at least two partial quantities.
  • a first partial amount of the pulverulent substance is filled into a first filling space and a second amount of the pulverulent substance is filled into a second filling space.
  • the powdery substance is filled into exactly one filling space and is separated into at least two partial quantities, for example by means of at least one press ram, preferably an upper ram and / or a lower ram.
  • the partial quantities are preferably transferred into separate working spaces of the same tool by means of the press ram.
  • the method also offers an advantage if the partial green parts are first pressed separately in a tool, then brought together and then joined.
  • the separated partial quantities of the powdery substance in the tool are pressed into two separate partial green parts and brought together in the tool in a subsequent work step.
  • Separate pressing can mean that the partial quantities of the powdery substance are spaced from one another in the tool in such a way that two separate, spaced-apart working spaces are formed in the tool, in which separate green compacts, which are then called partial green compacts, are produced. It is also possible here for the press ram of the adjacent work space to form a work space for the respective other pressed product or part of green product while the partial green products are being pressed.
  • a press ram arranged in the middle of the tool can form a cavity in a first working space for a first partial green product, while the outer press ram for the first partial green product form an outer working space for a second partial green product, which is formed by means of the central press ram.
  • the embodiment is not limited to the fact that the two partial green compacts are only pressed separately, rather it is also possible to first press a partial green compact in a first separate working space and transfer this partial green compact to the second working space for the second partial green compact.
  • the first partial green product is then held in its working space during the pressing of the second partial green product, so that the first partial green product is immediately joined to the second partial green product that is being produced.
  • the merging of the first and second partial green compact is thus postponed in a working phase of the tool in which the second partial green compact is pressed.
  • Press punch is the generic term for lower punch and upper punch.
  • powdery material is pressed, that is to say compacted and partially green parts are joined.
  • a joining space is kept free during and / or after a transfer of a partial amount by means of a press ram through the press ram.
  • this joining space is at least partially limited by a further subset of the powdery substance.
  • a joining space is to be understood as the space within a subset or a partial green product into which a further partial green product is joined.
  • the partial quantities of the pulverulent substance are pressed in the first working space to form a first partial green product and in the second working space to form a second partial green product.
  • a variant provides that at least a first partial green compact is joined to a second partial green compact before or during removal from the mold.
  • the partial green parts are preferably joined and removed from the mold in a subsequent step.
  • the partial green compact can be joined at the same time as demolding of the green compact, with the second partial green compact, for example, being moved in an ejection direction from the tool, this being transferred into the first partial green compact, preferably in its joining space.
  • the joined green compact is moved in the ejection direction without, for example, the press die (s) that joined the second partial green compact in the first partial green compact, coming to a standstill.
  • the second partial quantity is pressed into a second partial green compact and the second partial green compact is transferred into the first working space.
  • the first partial amount is pressed in the first working space after the second partial green part has been transferred into the first working space.
  • the first partial quantity can also be pressed in the first working space, while the second partial green compact is transferred into the first working space.
  • Sintered components are at risk of cracking during actual compression as well as during demolding and the subsequent handling at cross-sectional transitions, among other things due to density inhomogeneities or axial and radial stresses in the tool.
  • the risk of cracks at the cross-sectional transitions is avoided by the proposed method, since the at least two partial green compacts are compacted independently of one another without interfering with cross-sectional transitions and then joined in one operation. By keeping the joining space free by at least one press die, a high degree of accuracy of fit is achieved between the partial green parts to be joined.
  • the green compact is sintered following demolding and, if necessary, after further processing steps of the green compact, the high accuracy of fit results in sintering on the contact surfaces of the partial green compacts.
  • the partial green parts are joined in a press fit.
  • first subset and the second subset have different alloys. Furthermore, it is provided in one embodiment that the first subset and the second subset have the same alloy.
  • the partial green compacts can have the same alloy or an alloy which has largely the same or exactly the same shrinkage behavior. Likewise, with the proposed method, it is no longer necessary to achieve a sufficient connection of the partial green compacts, for example a press fit by sintering in particular different materials or materials with different shrinkage behavior, but the connection of the partial green compacts is sufficient for a firm hold after the pressing process.
  • the mechanical interlocking of the partial green compacts after demolding is sufficiently high to ensure transport to the sintering furnace;
  • the partial green compacts preferably have a surface pressure of 0.1N / mm 2 to 100N / mm 2 , further preferably 1N / mm 2 to 50N / mm 2 , particularly preferably 2N / mm 2 to 30 N / mm 2 .
  • the partial green compacts After sintering, especially in the case of cross-grain sintering between the partial green compacts, the partial green compacts have a strength to one another which almost corresponds to that of the remaining structure, in particular a strength of 70% to 99% of the remaining structure, further preferably 90% to 100% of the remaining structure.
  • the green compact is sintered, at least partial sintering takes place at the boundary surfaces of the partial green compacts.
  • the powdery substance is filled into a filling space of a tool, the tool having at least a first lower punch, a second lower punch, a first upper punch and a second upper punch, a first working space at least through the first upper punch and the first Lower punch is limited and is preferably part of the filling space.
  • the second lower punch and the second upper punch transfer a subset of the powdery substance into a second work space, the second work space being at least delimited by the second upper punch and the second lower punch and preferably located outside the first work space.
  • the partial quantities of the pulverulent substance are pressed at least in the first working space to form a first partial green product and in the second working space to form a second partial green product.
  • the second partial green compact is moved into the first work space before, during or after the first partial green compact is pressed in order to join the partial green compact.
  • the working spaces preferably have at least one of the partial green compacts before and / or during a pressing no contact surfaces, so that a compression of the powdery substance at least partially and / or at least takes place separately in a work space.
  • a further idea of the invention is a press for pressing and joining at least two partial green parts according to claim 9, comprising a tool and a control device, the tool having at least a first and a second upper punch and a first and a second lower punch, with at least the first lower punch and the first upper punch can be moved independently of the second lower punch and the second upper punch.
  • a first work space can be formed at least by means of the first upper punch and the first lower punch and a second work space can be formed at least by means of the second upper punch and the second lower punch.
  • the second working space is also at least partially delimited or at least partially defined by the first upper punch or the first lower punch.
  • first working space and / or the second working space is at least partially delimited or defined by at least one die. It is also provided in one embodiment that at least one third press ram at least partially delimit or define the first and / or the second working space.
  • a joining space can be kept in the first working space, into which the second partial green compact can be transferred.
  • the press die which holds the joining space, has a smaller diameter than the partial green part that is joined in the joining space.
  • the difference or the oversize corresponds to the punch game between the first lower punch and the second upper punch.
  • Punch clearances are between about 0.005 and about 0.025mm.
  • the force for joining the partial green compacts is dependent on the contact area between the partial green compacts to be connected, that is, the larger the contact area, the greater the force applied to the partial green compact.
  • the partially green compact is pressed into the joint space with a force of about 1N / mm 2 to 100N / mm 2 , preferably between about 10N / mm 2 and 50N / mm 2.
  • Another idea of the invention provides a computer program product for a press for
  • the press has at least a first upper punch, a first lower punch, a second upper punch and a second lower punch, wherein the press is controlled in such a way that after a Filling a filling space with at least one powdery substance, at least a second lower punch and a second upper punch separate a second subset of the powdery substance from a first subset.
  • the press is controlled in such a way that a first partial amount of the powdery substance is supplied to a first working space and a second partial amount is supplied to a second working space.
  • the control takes place in such a way that a first press ram serves at least partially as a die for the second working space, that is to say that the second working space is arranged at least partially within the first upper ram or the first lower ram.
  • the press is controlled in such a way that a first partial green compact is pressed in a first working space and a second partial green compact is pressed in a second working space.
  • the computer program product preferably controls the press in such a way that the first partial green compact and the second partial green compact are joined before demolding.
  • a computer program product offers an advantage if the computer program product controls the press in such a way that the separate subsets are pressed into green parts, then brought together and then joined.
  • a separate pressing of the partial quantities of the powdery substance can first be controlled in separate, spaced-apart work spaces before the partial green compacts are brought together, that is to say pushed one on top of the other or one inside the other.
  • the joining then controls the computer program product in such a way that the two green parts are brought together and joined with or without re-pressing.
  • a control by means of the computer product is also possible to the effect that in a first work step a first partial green product is formed in a first work space, then in a second work step the formed first partial green product is moved into the work space of the second partial green product and finally in a third work step the second part green compact is pressed.
  • the joined partial green compacts are then ejected by opening the tool and removing or ejecting the joined partial green compacts for further processing.
  • the computer program product controls the press by means of a route control or route regulation.
  • a closed control loop for controlling the press is preferred.
  • the computer program product controls the press in such a way that the press rams apply a predetermined force to the powdery substance or perform a predetermined work on the powdery substance.
  • a combination of path and Force control provided.
  • a closed control loop for controlling the press is provided in one embodiment.
  • control device for a press with, in particular, a tool described above is proposed, the control device having a computer program product described above.
  • the control device has a closed control loop for position control and / or force control of the press.
  • At least two partial green compacts can be joined to form one green compact.
  • the partial green parts are preferably joined together with an accurate fit. Furthermore, there is preferably a press fit between the partial green compacts.
  • the green compact can be joined in one embodiment from two, three, four or more than four partial green compacts. In one embodiment it is also provided that the green compact has one or more than one alloy. In particular, all partial green parts have the same alloy. Furthermore, it is provided in one embodiment that at least two partial green compacts have a different alloy.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sequence A to E of compacting and joining two green parts in one operation. At least a first upper punch 1, a first lower punch 2, a second upper punch 3, a second lower punch 4 and a die 5 form a tool 6.
  • the tool 6 is opened for filling with a powdery substance 11 and, as shown in step A, are opened the first lower punch 2 and the second lower punch 4 move in such a way that a filling space 16 is formed.
  • the powdery substance is filled into the filling space 16.
  • step B it can be seen that the tool is closed and, in particular, a first upper punch 1 and a second upper punch 3 delimit the filling space, in particular towards the top.
  • Step B further shows that the second upper punch 3 and the second lower punch 4 are moved in such a way that a first subset 7 of the powdery substance 11 is separated from a second subset 9 of the powdery substance 11.
  • the second subset 9 is transferred into a second working space 10, a first subset remaining in a first working space 8.
  • the filling space 16 comprises the first working space 8.
  • step C the rams move together. It can be seen that the first upper punch 1 and the first lower punch 2 press the first partial quantity 7 in the first working space 8 to form a first partial green compact 12. Furthermore, the second subset 9 is pressed in the second working space 10 by means of the second upper punch 3 and the second lower punch 4 to form a second partial green compact 13.
  • a joining space 15 is kept free within the first working space 8 by means of the second upper punch 3. In particular, the joining space 15 is at least partially delimited by the first partial green compact 12 after the pressing process.
  • Step D shows the merging, that is, how the second upper punch 3 and the second lower punch 4 move the second partial green compact 13 into the joining space 15 and thus join the first partial green compact 12 and the second partial green compact 13.
  • the first partial green compact 12 is moved by means of the first upper punch 1 and the first lower punch 2 in such a way that the partial green compacts 12, 13 are joined.
  • the partial green compacts 12, 13 are re-compacted again by means of the press punches 1, 2, 3, 4 after joining.
  • step E the finished green compact 14 is formed from the tool 6.
  • the green compact 14 is calibrated and / or subjected to machining after it has been formed.
  • the green compact 14 is preferably sintered after it has been molded.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of pressing and joining partial green parts.
  • step A the powdery substance 11 is filled into the filling space 16.
  • the first lower punch 2, the second lower punch 4 and the die 5 form the filling space 16 in this embodiment.
  • step B is comparable to that in step B.
  • Fig. 1 The method step shown moves a second subset 9 into a second work space 10, while a first subset 7 remains in the first work space 8.
  • step C it can be seen that the second subset 9 is compacted to form a second partial green compact 13.
  • the first subset 7, however, is not or only slightly compressed.
  • the compaction process begins during or after compaction of the second partial green compact 13, this not yet being completed after compaction of the second partial green compact 13.
  • step D the second partial green compact 13 is transferred, moved or moved into the joining space 15 which was kept free by the second upper punch 3.
  • the pressing process of the first partial quantity 7 to form the first partial green compact 12 is started.
  • Step E shows the fully joined and pressed green compact 14 in the tool 6.
  • the second partial green compact 13 is moved relative to the die 5.
  • the first upper punch 1 and the second upper punch 3 are moved synchronously, preferably also the second lower punch relatively.
  • step F the finished green compact 14 is removed from the mold.
  • Fig. 3 shows an incomplete selection of configurations of the green compact 14.
  • the geometric shape is selected here purely by way of example; different shapes, also not shown here, can be implemented. Provision is also made for the configurations shown here to be combined with one another and / or with other shapes, not shown here, to form further configurations.
  • Embodiment A shows a green compact 14 having a first partial green compact 12 and a second partial green compact 13.
  • the second partial green compact 13 protrudes beyond the first partial green compact 12, so that the green compact 14 has a cross-sectional change 16, which is in particular formed medially.
  • Embodiment B shows a green compact 14, the second partial green compact 13 of which is designed as a tube or hollow part. Furthermore, in embodiment C it can be seen that the first partial green compact 12 is designed as a hollow part and in particular protrudes beyond the second partial green compact 13. The change in cross section 16 is formed laterally here.
  • Embodiment D shows a further variant of a lateral change in cross section 16.
  • the second partial green compact 13, which protrudes beyond the first partial green compact 12, is only partially enclosed in a cross section by the first partial green compact 12.
  • Embodiment E shows that the second partial green compact 13 projects beyond the first partial green compact 12 on both sides. Furthermore, in embodiment F it can be seen that more than two green parts can be joined. In particular, four partial green compacts are joined in embodiment F. However, in further refinements it is provided that three, five or more than five green parts are joined.
  • Fig. 4 shows an etched micrograph of a joined and sintered green compact 14 composed of a first partial green compact 12 and a second partial green compact 13.
  • a boundary surface 17 can be seen between the partial green compacts 12, 13 and is extended for clarity by means of a dashed line. However, it is also from the Fig. 4 it can be seen that cross-grain sintering 18 has taken place across the surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP10765568.0A 2009-09-23 2010-09-13 Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünlings, vorrichtung zur dessen herstellung und computerprogrammprodukt Active EP2480359B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009042598A DE102009042598A1 (de) 2009-09-23 2009-09-23 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Grünlings
PCT/EP2010/005595 WO2011035862A1 (de) 2009-09-23 2010-09-13 Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünlings

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2480359A1 EP2480359A1 (de) 2012-08-01
EP2480359B1 true EP2480359B1 (de) 2021-12-22

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US (1) US9662708B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2480359B1 (es)
JP (1) JP6043628B2 (es)
CN (2) CN102762321B (es)
DE (1) DE102009042598A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2907455T3 (es)
IN (1) IN2012DN03053A (es)
WO (1) WO2011035862A1 (es)

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DE102011118054A1 (de) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-16 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Presse zum Pressen eines Presskörpers aus zumindest zwei verschiedenen metallischen und/oder keramischen pulver-und/oder granulatförmigen Materialien
DE102012103115A1 (de) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-17 PMCtec GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils niedriger Dichte
KR101552018B1 (ko) * 2012-11-07 2015-09-09 오씨아이 주식회사 진공단열재 심재의 성형 장치 및 이를 통해 제조된 진공단열재
DE102014003726A1 (de) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Presse zum Herstellen maßhaltiger Grünlinge und Verfahren zum Herstellen
DE102014008169A1 (de) 2014-06-10 2015-12-17 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Verfahren und Presse zur Herstellung eines Grünlingsverbundes mit einer Sollbruchstelle
AT515961B1 (de) 2014-06-18 2017-04-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Pressen eines Grünlings
DE102015201873A1 (de) 2015-02-03 2016-08-18 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Leises Zahnrad
WO2016164250A1 (en) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 Gkn Sinter Metals, Llc Method of forming a composite component using post-compaction dimensional change
DE102015207748A1 (de) 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Fluidpumpe
DE102016103051A1 (de) 2016-02-22 2017-08-24 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Pumpenanordnung
JP6811566B2 (ja) * 2016-08-16 2021-01-13 株式会社ダイヤメット 複層成形品の製造装置及び製造方法
DE102016123580B4 (de) 2016-12-06 2021-09-09 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Rotorteil eines Rotors für einen Nockenwellenversteller und Presswerkzeug zu dessen pulvermetallurgischer Herstellung
DE102016125659B4 (de) * 2016-12-23 2020-12-03 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Grünling einer Stator-Deckel-Einheit
US10325427B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-06-18 Cubic Corporation System and method for transit access using EEG sensors
CN107812949A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2018-03-20 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 一种焊接式钻头的环形胎体及其制作方法
CN107812950B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2019-11-05 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 采用无压烧结法制备金刚石薄壁套料打孔钻头整体式钻齿的方法
CN108097973B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2019-11-22 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 一种粉末烧结材料制备方法
CN109591356B (zh) * 2018-11-22 2020-06-09 江苏科技大学 烧烤炭环托盘挤压成型机及成型方法
DE102019128350A1 (de) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-22 Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalibrierten Teileverbunds
CN113978017A (zh) * 2021-10-31 2022-01-28 九江市杰尼新材料有限公司 一种方便脱模的金属碳化物高效压制成型装置

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WO2011035862A1 (de) 2011-03-31
CN102762321B (zh) 2016-05-11
US20120216654A1 (en) 2012-08-30
EP2480359A1 (de) 2012-08-01
US9662708B2 (en) 2017-05-30
DE102009042598A1 (de) 2011-03-24
JP2013505360A (ja) 2013-02-14
IN2012DN03053A (es) 2015-07-31
CN102762321A (zh) 2012-10-31
JP6043628B2 (ja) 2016-12-14
ES2907455T3 (es) 2022-04-25

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