Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H45/00—Folding thin material
  • B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
  • B65H45/30—Folding in combination with creasing, smoothing or application of adhesive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
  • B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F21/00—Devices for conveying sheets through printing apparatus or machines
  • B41F21/10—Combinations of transfer drums and grippers
  • B41F21/104—Gripper details
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F22/00—Means preventing smudging of machine parts or printed articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F25/00—Devices for pressing sheets or webs against cylinders, e.g. for smoothing purposes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
  • B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
  • B65H23/24—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by fluid action, e.g. to retard the running web
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
  • B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
  • B65H23/26—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by transverse stationary or adjustable bars or rollers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H27/00—Special constructions, e.g. surface features, of feed or guide rollers for webs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H45/00—Folding thin material
  • B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
  • B65H45/28—Folding in combination with cutting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
  • B65H2301/50—Auxiliary process performed during handling process
  • B65H2301/52—Auxiliary process performed during handling process for starting
  • B65H2301/522—Threading web into machine
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2401/00—Materials used for the handling apparatus or parts thereof; Properties thereof
  • B65H2401/20—Physical properties, e.g. lubricity
  • B65H2401/242—Porosity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
  • B65H2406/10—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium
  • B65H2406/11—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium producing fluidised bed
  • B65H2406/111—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium producing fluidised bed for handling material along a curved path, e.g. fluidised turning bar
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
  • B65H2406/10—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium
  • B65H2406/11—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium producing fluidised bed
  • B65H2406/113—Details of the part distributing the air cushion
  • B65H2406/1131—Porous material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2801/00—Application field
  • B65H2801/03—Image reproduction devices
  • B65H2801/21—Industrial-size printers, e.g. rotary printing press
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
  • B65H2801/00—Application field
  • B65H2801/84—Paper-making machines

Definitions

• the invention relates to guide elements of a printing unit according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.
• a printing unit with two web guiding elements which are arranged in an inlet and an outlet area of a printing unit such that a web can be guided through the printing point without contact when the printing point is turned off.
• the web guiding elements are designed as rollers rotatably mounted in side walls.
• US 3744 693 A discloses a turning bar in one embodiment, a tube wall segment made of porous, air-permeable material together with a base body forming a closed pressure chamber.
• the porous segment forms a wall of the chamber and is load-bearing across its width - without a load-bearing base.
• a segment having through bores is arranged instead of the porous segment.
• US 54 23468 A shows a guide element which has an inner body with bores and an outer body made of porous, air-permeable material. The holes in the inner body are only provided in the expected wrapping area.
• the invention has for its object to provide guide elements of a printing unit.
• the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or 2.
• the advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in particular in creating a reliably and precisely working web guiding element of a printing unit.
• An air cushion created by means of micro-openings creates a high degree of homogeneity over the length of the air cushion with at the same time low losses. In contrast to rollers, there is no inertia to overcome, especially with varying speeds.
• Micro-openings are understood here to mean openings on the surface of the component which have a diameter of less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, advantageously less than or equal to 300 ⁇ m, in particular less than or equal to 150 ⁇ m.
• micro-openings can advantageously be designed as open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material or as openings of through-holes with a small cross-section which extend through the wall of a supply chamber to the outside.
• the micro-openings are designed as openings in continuous micro-holes.
• the guide element has a solid, air-permeable carrier on which the microporous material is applied as a layer.
• a carrier can be pressurized with compressed air, which flows out of the carrier through the microporous layer and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the component.
• This carrier can in turn be porous with a better air permeability than that of the microporous material; however, it can also be formed from a flat material or molded material which encloses a cavity and is provided with air passage openings. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.
• the thickness of the layer corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings of the carrier.
• the Web facing side and the micro-openings side of the guide element is formed as an insert or multiple inserts in a carrier.
• the insert can be detachably and, if necessary, exchangeably connected to the carrier. This makes it possible to clean and / or replace inserts of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials and web widths.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of several traversed by a web
• FIG. 3 shows a section through a second embodiment of a guide element
• FIG. 5 shows a section through a fourth embodiment of a guide element
• FIG. 6 shows a section through a fifth embodiment of a guide element
• FIG. 7 shows a section through a sixth embodiment of a guide element
• FIG. 8 shows a section through a seventh embodiment of a guide element
• Fig. 9 shows a section through an eighth embodiment of a guide element.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through three of a web 02, z. B. material web 02 or substrate 02, in particular paper web 02, successively passed printing units 05, z. B. printing units 05 for perfecting, in particular offset printing units 05 for perfecting.
• the printing units 05 can also in other ways, for. B. as a three-cylinder offset printing units 05, as a direct or flexographic printing unit, as a printing unit for letterpress or gravure printing, or different from one another.
• at least one of the printing units 05 designed as printing units 05 for perfecting and printing has at least in the outlet area (in FIG.
• a printing unit 05 following the first printing unit 05 has a web guiding element 01 in the inlet and outlet area of the printing nip 10 in order to be able to guide an already printed web 02 through the printing nip 10 without contact when the printing point is turned off.
• This printing unit 05 can be operated as an impression printing unit 05 or as a printing unit 05 for the flying printing form change in alternation to a second printing unit 05 of this type.
• the web 02 is printed by one of the printing units 05 while it passes through the other of these printing units 05 without contact.
• the reverse situation occurs in the other operating situation.
• the two web guide elements 01 are, for. B.
• One of the printing units 05 is set up and prints on the web 02 of at least two printing units 05 in imprint mode, while the other is turned off and the web 02 passes through it without contact.
• the printing press preferably has five printing units 05, one in one operating mode of which five printing units are passed through without contact, while web 02 is printed in four colors (e.g. on both sides) by the remaining four printing units 05.
• the printing unit 05 previously run through without contact is switched to printing mode, while one of the four previously printing units 05 is run through without contact.
• At least the two pressure units 05 to be passed through without contact each have guide elements 01 described below in the inlet and outlet area of the pressure gap 10.
• At least the two web guiding elements 01 of the printing unit 05 designed for the mutual printing or / and at least the web guiding element 01 arranged in the outlet area of the printing nip 10 of at least one printing unit 05 are or is a contact-free web guiding element 01, in particular as an air-flushed rod 01, which is described below Trained way.
• the outer surface of the guide element 01 has openings 03, z. B. micro-openings 03 through which in operation from an interior cavity 04, z. B. a chamber 04, in particular pressure chamber 04, pressurized fluid against the environment, for. B. a liquid, a gas or a mixture, especially air, flows.
• a corresponding supply of compressed air into the cavity 04 is not shown in the figures.
• the guide element 01 has at least the surface of the micro-openings 03 on the side that interacts with the web 02 or on the side facing the web 02. However, it can also have the openings 03 on other sides not facing the web 02, or at least on its longitudinal section which interacts with the web 02, consist entirely of a material having the micro-openings 03.
• This simplest version with no preferred direction for the arrangement of the openings 03 is made possible by the formation of the openings 03 as micro-openings 03, since this creates a thinner but more homogeneous air cushion, and at the same time a required or resulting volume flow and thus also a leakage flow through the “open” side is considerably reduced.
• the high resistance of the micro-openings 03 causes in contrast to openings of large cross-section, that "not covering" a region of openings does not lead to a kind of short-circuit current.
• the partial resistance falling through the openings 03 is given an increased weight in the overall resistance.
• the micro-openings 03 are open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular micro-porous, air-permeable material 06, e.g. B. made of an open-pore sintered material 06, in particular made of sintered metal.
• the pores of the air-permeable porous material 06 have an average diameter (average size) of less than 150 ⁇ m, e.g. B. 5 to 60 microns, in particular 10 to 30 microns.
• the material 06 is formed with an irregular, amorphous structure.
• the choice of material, dimensioning and pressurization are selected such that 1-20 standard cubic meters per m 2 , in particular 2 to 15 standard cubic meters per m 2 , emerge from the air outlet surface of the sintered material per hour.
• the air outlet of 3 to 7 standard cubic meters per m 2 is particularly advantageous.
• the sintered surface from the cavity 04 is advantageously subjected to an excess pressure of at least 1 bar, in particular more than 4 bar. It is particularly advantageous to apply an overpressure of 5 to 7 bar to the sintered surface.
• the cavity 04 of the guide element 01 is essentially formed solely from a body of porous material 06 enclosing the cavity 04 (ie without further load-bearing layers), this is e.g. B. tubular body essentially self-supporting with a wall thickness of greater than or equal to 2 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 3 mm, formed (Fig. 2).
• a carrier can run in the cavity 04, on which the body can be supported selectively or in certain areas, but which is not in full contact with the body.
• a body of porous material 06 can, as shown in FIG. 3, also be designed in the shape of a half shell.
• the guide elements 01 have a solid, at least partially air-permeable carrier 07 on which the microporous material 06 is applied as a layer 06 (FIGS. 4, 5 and 6).
• a carrier 07 can be pressurized with compressed air which flows out of the carrier 07 through the microporous layer 06 and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the guide element 01.
• the porous material 06 is thus not designed as a load-bearing solid body (with or without a frame construction), but rather as a coating 06 on a carrier material, in particular metallic, which has openings 08 or through openings 08.
• a carrier material in particular metallic, which has openings 08 or through openings 08.
• “non-load-bearing” layer 06 in conjunction with the carrier 07 is understood to be a structure, the layer 06 being supported on a plurality of support points of the carrier 07 over its entire layer length and overall layer width.
• the carrier 07 has z. B. on its cooperating with the layer 06 width and length each have a plurality of unrelated bushings 08.
• This embodiment is clearly different from an embodiment in which a porous material 06, which extends over the entire width interacting with the web 02, is designed to be self-supporting over this distance, is supported only in one end region on a frame or carrier, and therefore one must have the appropriate strength.
• the carrier material essentially absorbs the weight, shear, torsion, bending and / or shear forces of the component, which is why a corresponding wall thickness (for example greater than 3 mm , in particular greater than 5 mm) of the carrier 07 and / or a correspondingly stiffened construction is selected.
• the z. B. delimiting the cavity 04 to the layer 06, or by appropriate shaping (z. B. in Fig. 4 tubular) forming the cavity 04 carrier 07 has on the side coated with the porous material a plurality of openings 09 for supplying the compressed air into the porous material 06. Also in the openings 09 of the carrier 07 z. T. porous material.
• the guide element 01 as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, has the carrier 07, also referred to as the base body 07, with the hollow or interior 04, for. B. a tubular support 07 (Fig. 4), which has in its wall radially up to the lateral surface a plurality of through openings 09.
• the carrier 07 can in principle be designed with any hollow profile, but advantageously with an annular profile.
• a fluid, for. B. gas, which z. B. is by a compressor, not shown, under a pressure P greater than the ambient pressure.
• the lateral surface of the carrier 07 has, at least in the section provided with openings 09, the layer 06 made of the porous material, which also covers the openings 09 and extends continuously over the area interacting with the web 02, that is to say a continuous surface at least in the direction of the Lane 02 forms the intended area.
• the cavity 04 is not formed by a carrier 07 designed as a tube with an annular shape, but in a different geometry.
• the carrier 07 advantageously has a part-circular wall 15 or wall 15 (in particular with a fixed radius or radius of curvature R07 or R15 with respect to a fixed center point M07), which on its open side, for example, by a Cover 20 is complete.
• This part-circular wall 15 with cover 20 can be made in one piece or in several pieces but connected to one another. 5, the partial circle angle ⁇ of the wall 15 having the openings 09 is selected to be approximately 180 °.
• the largest possible effective area can be achieved with, for example, a certain width b01 of the guide element 01 - for example a maximum width given for reasons of installation space.
• the radius R15 for the pitch circle is selected based on the required deflection (deflection angle ⁇ of the change in direction of the path 02) and a corresponding pitch circle is removed.
• a deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space.
• a pitch circle angle ⁇ is less than 180 °, z. B. between 10 ° and 150 °, in particular between, here about 90 °.
• the pitch circle angle ⁇ is chosen to be 10 ° to 45 °, in particular between 15 ° to 35 °.
• the width b01 is chosen, for example, to be 30 to 150 mm, in particular 50 to 110 mm.
• the radius of curvature R15 for the wall 15 is, for example, between 120 and 150 mm, in particular between 140 and 200 mm.
• the layer can, as in FIG. 5, be extended to the front cover 20 or else only cover the curved wall 15 receiving the openings 09.
• the layer 06 can also be flattened in its outgoing area, forming a smooth transition.
• a width b01 of the guide element 01 or width b07 of the carrier 07 - for example a maximum width specified for reasons of installation space - the largest possible area of the air cushion that can be used as a support can be achieved.
• the radius is based on the required deflection (exemplarily shown as deflection angle ⁇ of the change in direction of the web 02 in FIG. 1 in the first printing unit 05) R07 selected for the pitch circle (or the pipe as raw material) and a corresponding pitch circle was removed.
• a deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space.
• the radius of curvature R07 is then selected such that the desired width b01 or b07 is maintained, taking into account the addition ⁇ .
• the radius of curvature R15 (or R07) is then to R15 (or R07) selected.
• any protrusion formed by the layer thickness can be neglected in the case of the small thicknesses. With optimal use of space, a large effective area is created taking safety into account.
• openings 09 and / or layer 06 can encompass the full 360 ° angle or else only a partial circle.
• the region of the guide element 01 or its curved wall 15 which interacts with the web 02, for example as a section of an ellipse, parabola or hyperbola.
• the curve shape of the deflection can be optimized with regard to a “soft” deflection.
• the pitch circle shape has advantages in terms of standardization, material consumption and simplified production.
• the porous material 06 Compared to the formation of a guide element 01, the porous material 06 not is largely relined by a support 07 or base body 07 having openings 09, but is supported, for example, only in a bridge-like manner on a frame-like support in edge areas, the formation of a circular, part-circle, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic base body 07 directly below the Layer offers great advantages in terms of production, dimensional stability, costs and handling.
• at least half of the surface of the layer 06 interacting with the web 02 is underlaid by the carrier 07 or its curved wall 15 and / or openings 09 or free cross sections have a diameter or a maximum clear width of 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm.
• the porous material 06 has a layer thickness outside of the feedthrough 08 that is less than 1 mm.
• a layer thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm is particularly advantageous.
• a proportion of the open area in the area of the effective outer surface of the porous material, here called degree of opening, is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%.
• the thickness of the layer corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings 09 of the carrier 07.
• the wall thickness of the carrier 07 is - at least in the region having the layer 06 - greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm.
• the support 07 which may be designed with a hollow profile, can itself also be made of porous material, but with better air permeability - e.g. B. a larger pore size - than that of the microporous material of the layer 06.
• the openings 09 of the carrier 07 are formed by open pores in the area of the surface, and the feedthroughs 08 are formed by the channels which are randomly formed on the inside due to the porosity.
• the carrier 07 can also be made of any one that encloses the cavity 04 and is provided with bushings 08 Flat material or molded material may be formed. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.
• the micro-openings 03 are designed as openings through holes 11, in particular micro-holes 11, which are characterized by a z. B. formed as a pressure chamber 04 cavity 04 delimiting wall 12, z. B. chamber wall 12, extend outwards.
• the holes 11 have z. B. a diameter (at least in the area of the openings 03) of less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, advantageously less than or equal to 300 ⁇ m, in particular between 60 and 150 ⁇ m.
• the degree of opening is z. B. at 3% to 25%, especially at 5% to 15%.
• a hole density is at least 1 / (5 mm 2 ), in particular at least 1 / mm 2 up to 4 / mm 2 .
• the wall 12 thus has a microperforation, at least in an area opposite the web 02.
• the microperforation advantageously extends over the area which interacts with the web 02; however, as in the first exemplary embodiment, the bushings 08 and layer 06 can extend over the full extent of 360 °, since the losses are kept within limits, as mentioned.
• the chamber wall 12 has a curved wall 14 or a curved wall section 14 on the side facing the web 02 - comparable to that described for FIGS. 5 and 6 Wall 15 -, which has the micro holes 11.
• the angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and the widths b01 and b07 (here b01 and b12) and the radius R15 (here R14) of FIGS. 5 and 6, as well as the procedure and selection of the radii of curvature is the same to apply to the present example.
• the wall 14 having the microbores 11 is designed as an insert 14 or as a plurality of inserts 14 arranged next to one another in the axial direction in a carrier 16.
• the stake can be fixed or be detachably or changeably connected to the carrier 16.
• the latter is advantageous with regard to cleaning or exchanging inserts 14 of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials (mass and / or surface structure) and web widths.
• inserts 14 and / or micro-openings 03 arranged essentially in full circumference such inserts 14 can be arranged, for example, on a carrier 16 running in the cavity 04.
• an embodiment is advantageous, wherein, as shown, the insert 14 having the openings 09 is formed only over an angular segment with a curvature - in particular adapted to the web run.
• an overhang between the insert width and the beam width required for the connection must be taken into account.
• the curvature can be forced, for example, by an intended excess width of the insert 14 relative to the carrier 16 (or its fastening device) as the resulting bend.
• the releasable connection can be realized, for example, by grooves 17 in the carrier 16 that receive the ends of the insert 14.
• a connection can also be made by screwing or tensioning.
• a wall thickness, inter alia influencing the flow resistance, of the chamber wall 12 containing the bores 11 (or wall 14 or insert 14) can be in particular 0.2 to 3.0 mm, advantageously 0.2 to 1.5 mm, in particular, for all relevant examples from 0.3 to 0.8 mm.
• a reinforcing structure (not shown), for example a support, in particular a metal support, extending in the longitudinal direction of the guide element 01, on which the chamber wall 12, the wall 14 or the insert 14 is located at least in sections or supported selectively. This can be done, for example, by ribs spaced apart from one another in the axial direction.
• the bores 11 can be cylindrical, funnel-shaped or with another special shape (for example in the form of a Laval nozzle).
• the microperforation i.e. H.
• the bores 11 are preferably produced by drilling by means of accelerated particles (for example liquid such as water jet, ions or elementary particles) or by means of electromagnetic radiation with a high energy density (for example light by means of a laser beam). Production using an electron beam is particularly advantageous.
• the side facing the web 02 of the wall 12 having the holes 11 (14), for. B. a wall made of stainless steel 12 (14), in a preferred embodiment has a dirt and / or paint-repellent finish. It has a coating, not shown, which does not cover the openings 03 or bores 11 - for. B. nickel or advantageously chromium - which z. B. is additionally processed - e.g. B. structured with micro ribs or a lotus flower effect or preferably mirror polished).

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

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• 2003
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