EP0607829B1 - Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Reissens von Bambusrohren (mechanisch) - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Reissens von Bambusrohren (mechanisch) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607829B1
EP0607829B1 EP94100231A EP94100231A EP0607829B1 EP 0607829 B1 EP0607829 B1 EP 0607829B1 EP 94100231 A EP94100231 A EP 94100231A EP 94100231 A EP94100231 A EP 94100231A EP 0607829 B1 EP0607829 B1 EP 0607829B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bamboo
bamboo cane
drying
cane
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94100231A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0607829A1 (de
Inventor
Alexander Schmidmeier
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1067—Continuous longitudinal slitting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1348—Cellular material derived from plant or animal source [e.g., wood, cotton, wool, leather, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating bamboo tubes in order to prevent the bamboo tubes from cracking.
  • bamboo Because of its high elasticity and stability, especially in Asia, bamboo is used in a wide variety of ways as a structural element, from the construction of church tower-high scaffolding to the use as material for seating furniture and tableware.
  • bamboo cane Since the bamboo cane has a closed, round cross-section and is divided in the longitudinal direction at irregular intervals from bulkhead-like transverse walls, the methods of crack prevention known from the treatment of solid wood processed into boards (layer-by-layer gluing of the solid wood levels in an angular fiber direction to one another) cannot be used Crack prevention can be used.
  • bamboo is not a type of wood, but a giant grass and apart from that, there are almost opposite physical behaviors:
  • bamboo While wood has the leading cells for liquid transport, especially in the outside areas directly under the bark, and therefore a tree trunk has the highest moisture content in the outside area and the lowest in the core area, the opposite is true with bamboo:
  • the supporting cells which give the bamboo its firmness, while on the inside there are the lead cells and storage cells for the water to be absorbed with the building materials it contains.
  • the two materials behave absolutely unequal, especially since the physical behavior of the bamboo is completely different due to the hollow construction with the transverse walls in the axial direction.
  • the moisture content of bamboo canes is not only fundamentally higher than with wood, but also fluctuates much more depending on the location, the current climate and, viewed in the cross-sectional direction of the bamboo cane and in the axial longitudinal direction, the size.
  • the described methods use a reduction in the mechanical stresses that occur.
  • these tensions are caused by the closed, round cross-sectional contour of the bamboo percentage uniform shrinkage of the bamboo in the outer layer tensile stresses must occur compared to the inner layer.
  • This is reinforced by the internal structure of the bamboo, which has more supporting cells in the outer third and more tubular water transport cells and storage cells in the inner third.
  • a further difficulty in influencing the tensions in the bamboo are the internal transverse walls which are present at irregular intervals and which are also expressed in a reinforced bead running around the outside of the bamboo.
  • the thickness of the wall compared to the diameter of the tube, the taper of the tube, as well as the internal structure of the bamboo and its initial moisture content is also different in almost every individual case, the types of influence must also be individually variable.
  • the method of avoiding cracks according to the invention is to open the closed cross-section by means of a longitudinal cut along a generatrix of the bamboo cane and thereby to create an artificial crack, so to speak.
  • this will not change evenly in all cases during the drying process, i.e. open, remain the same or even close.
  • a strip e.g. an adapted bamboo strip or a strip of similar looking material can be inserted and glued or instead or mechanically fastened by clips, bamboo dowels or the like.
  • gluing with the additional insertion of approximately 3 mm thick bamboo dowels in the longitudinal direction has proven to be useful alternately diagonally through the adhesive surfaces of the bamboo strip on both sides.
  • Another way to reduce the tendency to crack in bamboo canes is to leave the lower 50 to 200 cm of the grown bamboo cane on the one hand and to harvest only the upper area of the cane, as the height increases The initial moisture content of the bamboo cane decreases sharply.
  • the cut pipe After the harvest, the cut pipe is stored upright, ideally directly in the bamboo grove, and the remaining branches are left in the process, which leads to a kind of pre-drying through the release of moisture through the leaves and evaporation through the cut surfaces, supported by the decrease in moisture in the bamboo tube by gravity.
  • the active drying of the bamboo is carried out in several stages:
  • the bamboo is preferably dried outdoors from the initial moisture content (50 to 100%) down to the so-called fiber saturation limit. In the case of bamboo, this is between 14 and 21% by weight of water in contrast to wood, in which this value is 23 to 35%. bamboo also begins to shrink in this first drying phase In contrast to wood, which only begins to shrink after the fiber saturation value is undershot. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are percentages by weight.
  • This first phase is carried out by standing upright in partial shade outdoors for 2 to 10 weeks, in particular 3 to 4 weeks.
  • the moisture content is reduced to a value of about 17% within a range of 13% to 25%. This value corresponds to the moisture equilibrium as it arises in the tropics due to the ambient humidity if the storage is long enough.
  • the introduction of a longitudinal gap described above is carried out by cutting, sawing or milling, with a width of about 4 mm, about on the 4th day of this 1st drying stage, and if a chemical immersion bath treatment is carried out at the beginning of the 1st drying stage, 4 days after removal from the immersion bath.
  • the change in the gap width must be checked at least every 4 days, better daily as the gap usually narrows.
  • the gap closes due to the shrinking of the bamboo, especially in the inner area and thus with a reduction in diameter it has to be widened again by mechanical processing in order to avoid mechanically occurring stresses when the cut surfaces lie against one another. If after two reworking the gap is still reduced to 0 mm width, the bamboo tube is no longer suitable for further processing.
  • the bamboo In the second stage, ideally starting from the fiber saturation level of moisture, drying is carried out to 8% to 10% final moisture.
  • the bamboo preferably releases the water bound in the outer areas, which is why these outer layers want to contract, but this is not possible due to the different behavior of the inner tube areas.
  • the tube diameter is bent up, similarly to a bimetal, so that the circumference increases and a longitudinal gap is formed or enlarged at one point on the tube circumference.
  • the air temperature is between 30 ° and 60 ° C and the relative humidity is 75% to 33%, with the initial moisture of the bamboo not being allowed to exceed 24% in this second phase.
  • drying is regularly checked with a moisture meter during chamber drying, which happens every 2 hours during the second drying phase and every 2 days outdoors in the previous first phase.
  • the outside of the bamboo tube, especially in the knot area, is preferably sprayed with water regularly during the 1st phase, in order to prevent cracking, especially there.
  • the width of the longitudinal gap is measured regularly, preferably approximately every 4 hours, manually or by means of strain gauges or its change is monitored, in order not to cause drying that is too rapid despite the predetermined values for the individual phases, which inevitably increases Cracks form.
  • conditioning to the climatic conditions of the exporting country is carried out, i.e. acclimatization at about 40 to 50 ° Air humidity and 20 to 25 ° C temperature for European countries.
  • the dwell time in the climatic room is 2 to 4 days, whereby the diameter of the bamboo tube is reduced by 5 to 12% compared to the last phase in the drying chamber, due to the higher relative humidity in the climatic room compared to the last phase in the drying chamber.
  • This is used in a targeted manner since it has been found that this underdrying in the drying chamber increases the later crack resistance of the processed bamboo cane, since they later have a lower tendency to swell. This could be related to the permanent collapse of individual capillaries.
  • the bamboo strips inserted in the longitudinal gap are sealed, dowelled and glued.
  • the bamboo canes are often worked for this purpose during the day, while they are stored again in the climate room for air conditioning at least 15 hours at night.
  • the bamboo tubes with this seam side can be arranged in the mostly invisible area, while with bamboo tubes dried without additional treatment, the crack formation at any point and therefore usually also in the visible area can occur.
  • bamboo strips of a pre-made width and orientation of the adhesive surfaces are usually used, to which the gap of the bamboo tube has previously been milled is adjusted, whereby he gets the right width and slope of his adhesive surfaces.
  • the adhesive surfaces of both the bamboo strip and the longitudinal gap are tapered obliquely from the inside to the outside, so that the longitudinal gap is wider on the inside than the outside and, in addition, after the bamboo strip is inserted, the adhesive joint on the inside is wider than the outside.
  • the adhesive surface of the bamboo strip as well as the bamboo tube can advantageously be angled into one another, i.e. concave for the bamboo tube and convex for the bamboo strip, or vice versa, so that the interlocking of these profiles of the adhesive surfaces results in a positive fit which pre-fixes the bamboo strip until the adhesive sets.
  • the bamboo strip will generally have its outer beads caused by the transverse wall attachment at different distances than the bamboo tube, not a single, continuous bamboo strip is used in the case of several transverse wall beads of the bamboo tube, but rather parts in the longitudinal direction, each of which has only one transverse wall. Bead included, which is placed at the same level with the transverse wall bead of the bamboo tube, so that the subsequent part of the bamboo strip is cut to length accordingly.
  • both the entire joint or only the remaining joint between the inserted strip and the original bamboo tube can be filled with an elastic filler such as polyurethane or silicone, the filler or at least its surface should be color-matched.
  • an elastic filler such as polyurethane or silicone
  • the inside of the pipe with a light filler such as a closed-cell foam, which increases the specific weight only slightly, but due to the full-surface adhesion between the foam filling and the inside of the pipe, the pipe can contract and stretch when processed is made very difficult.
  • a light filler such as a closed-cell foam
  • the first and last transverse walls which were not removed by completely destroying them but sawing out, are preferably used again and serve as boundary walls for filling the foam.
  • Another possibility which does not constitute an embodiment of the invention, is to cut the bamboo tube not only on one surface line before drying, but on several surface lines, that is, to split it into two or more segments of the cross section. When divided into two segments, the resulting half-shells usually bend into shapes that correspond to about half an ellipse.
  • These half-ellipses can either be glued to one another by interposed bamboo strips and thereby approximately complemented to a circular profile in cross-section, preferably only one bamboo strip being interposed, while the two half-shells of the bamboo tube are glued directly to one another at the opposite joint.
  • the shrinkage of the bamboo cane during drying can be influenced and minimized by further measures.
  • the outer skin of the bamboo tube can be peeled off before drying, and therefore usually before it is cut open, since its shrinkage behavior is very different from the other components of the bamboo tube, and after their removal, the differences in the shrinkage behavior inside the bamboo cross section are very great are lower.
  • the bamboo cane is ground on the outside after being added and glued in order to equalize the different surface structure and surface color between the bamboo strip and the bamboo cane.
  • polyethylene glycol with molecular weights of 600, 1000 or 1500 as well as urea or sorbitol come into consideration, which are each used in aqueous solution.
  • Another possibility is to replace the water inside the water cells with chemicals that are themselves highly hygroscopic, and thus to keep the water that is naturally present in the bamboo or brought in by the air humidity instead of letting it evaporate during drying.
  • Borax, soda, boric acid and their mixtures are each considered as an aqueous solution.
  • the bamboo should in any case against insect infestation with a 1 to 2% solution of boric acid in water are pretreated, this solution preferably being brought to a pH of about 8 by further addition of soda, which additionally reduces the risk of mold growth.
  • Another possibility, but not an embodiment of the present invention, of reducing or even avoiding the uneven shrinkage of the bamboo tube is to influence the drying process itself. This reduces the gap formation in the cut bamboo tubes described above, and in extreme cases can work exactly that it is no longer necessary to cut the bamboo cane along the outer surface.
  • the drying process should preferably already be influenced by the fact that only bamboo tubes that are at least five years old and that have grown on relatively poor soils and were harvested as far as possible during the drying season are used. With these bamboo tubes, the cell wall portion is already higher compared to the stored water portion and thus the shrinkage difference between the inside cells with large inner free spaces and the outside cell structures with little storage possibilities is less big.
  • the cutting of the bamboo tubes according to the invention it is advisable to dry the bamboo tubes by slowly drying the air, without direct sunlight, from the originally about 50 to 100% moisture content to about 17% moisture content, the degree of fiber saturation, before cutting. since this not only makes the cutting process easier to accomplish, but above all a part of the shrinkage has already taken place within the bamboo tube and through which later, while drying to the intended 8 to 10% residual moisture, an expansion of the gap produced will occur, but with a relatively uniform shape along the length of the gap, so that a strong deformation of the gap, which is disadvantageous for the subsequent clean sealing, is avoided. Furthermore, the deliberately different drying of the bamboo tube in its interior is advantageous compared to the outer surface. After drilling through and removing the transverse walls, the interior can be specifically dried more than the outer surface by passing dry warm air through, with the tube cross section closed, which can reduce or even compensate for the otherwise different rate of shrinkage between interior and exterior areas.
  • the drying process can be carried out in the optimal case so that at the end of the drying process the gap has closed completely or at least to the extent that the insertion of a bamboo strip is no longer necessary, but the gap is already glued together. This significantly reduces the amount of work.
  • This type of drying and the following considerations do not constitute an embodiment of the invention.
  • another type of mechanical stress relief can be used, for example, the introduction of a large number of holes along a surface line of the bamboo cane, which are closed again by appropriate plugs made of bamboo wood after the drying process has ended.
  • this locking process can be carried out faster than inserting a multi-part bamboo strip.
  • Fig. 1 shows a bamboo tube 1 in cross section, in which the transverse wall 5 is largely removed and the bamboo tube 1 was cut along a surface line, whereby a longitudinal gap 2 was created.
  • the side walls of the longitudinal gap 2 are parallel to one another and run essentially radially.
  • FIG. 2 shows the bamboo tube according to FIG. 1 after the drying process, as a result of which the bamboo tube 1 has contracted somewhat along its circumference and as a result the longitudinal gap 2 has become significantly wider.
  • the outer diameter of the bamboo tube 1 may even become somewhat larger compared to the state before drying.
  • the side walls 14 of the longitudinal gap 2 are still essentially radial to the longitudinal axis 15 of the bamboo tube.
  • the outer skin 13 of the bamboo tube was peeled in order to achieve a more uniform appearance on the one hand and on the other hand to reduce the otherwise significant difference in shrinkage between the natural outer skin 13 and the inner skin 12 of the bamboo tube .
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed illustration of the bamboo strip 3 inserted into the enlarged longitudinal gap 2.
  • the longitudinal gap 2 was not only widened, but also the orientation of its side walls 14 by milling, through which the widening is generally carried out, are also chosen differently in their angular position.
  • the side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1 is - as can be seen in the left figure of FIG. 3 - no longer radially, but from the inside to the outside the longitudinal gap 2 tapering obliquely.
  • the opposite adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo tube 1 is also arranged obliquely in this direction, but with a lower inclination, so that an adhesive joint 6 is formed, which is wider inside than outside and thereby practically invisible on the outside.
  • the adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo strip 3 and also the adhesive surface 4 'of the bamboo tube 1 are each adapted to each other, angled, the adhesive surface 4' of the bamboo tube 1 is concave and an indentation in cross-section indentation in the side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1.
  • a correspondingly convex counter-contour of the bamboo strip 3 engages in this angled groove and is held there in a form-fitting manner by the tension of the bamboo tube 1 until the adhesive sets.
  • Fig. 3 can be seen on both sides dowels 16, which - offset in the longitudinal direction of the bamboo strip 3 - alternately are introduced.
  • the dowels 16 run from the surface of the bamboo tube at a distance of about 5 to 15 mm next to the side walls 14 obliquely inwards across the adhesive joint 6 and reach the inside of the bamboo strip 3 approximately in the middle thereof.
  • the dowels are made of bamboo wood and have a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm.
  • Fig. 4 shows a finished bamboo tube 1 with a bamboo strip 3 consisting of several parts 7, inserted in the longitudinal gap 2, the adhesive joints are visible in the drawing, but are practically invisible in practice after sanding the surface.
  • Fig. 5 shows a possibility, which is not an embodiment of the invention, to equip a bamboo tube 1 along one of its surface lines with a plurality of holes 9, which can also compensate for stresses during drying and after completion of drying by appropriate plugs made of bamboo 10th be closed, where of course attention is paid to the same grain direction as the surrounding bamboo material.
  • the space between the holes should be about twice as large as the diameter of the holes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
EP94100231A 1993-01-12 1994-01-10 Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Reissens von Bambusrohren (mechanisch) Expired - Lifetime EP0607829B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4300557 1993-01-12
DE4300557A DE4300557C2 (de) 1993-01-12 1993-01-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung rißfreier, getrockneter Bambusrohre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0607829A1 EP0607829A1 (de) 1994-07-27
EP0607829B1 true EP0607829B1 (de) 1996-12-11

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94100231A Expired - Lifetime EP0607829B1 (de) 1993-01-12 1994-01-10 Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Reissens von Bambusrohren (mechanisch)

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5433805A (ja)
EP (1) EP0607829B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2634023B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1056553C (ja)
AU (1) AU665476B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2112963C (ja)
DE (2) DE4300557C2 (ja)
ES (1) ES2097554T3 (ja)
MY (1) MY110386A (ja)
PH (1) PH30171A (ja)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2566058C1 (ru) * 2014-07-28 2015-10-20 Александр Витольдович Малицкий Способ обработки бамбука и изделие из бамбука, полученное этим способом

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JP2738520B2 (ja) * 1995-07-10 1998-04-08 株式会社三葉 竹集成床材とそれを用いた床構造
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DE102004033833B4 (de) * 2004-07-13 2006-06-29 Alexander Schmidmeier Bambusrohrabschnitt mit künstlichem Knoten sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN100371150C (zh) * 2005-06-13 2008-02-27 浙江林学院 竹材整圆整直方法
US7785681B2 (en) * 2005-06-24 2010-08-31 Dick Liao Elongate laminated wooden handles and method of manufacturing same
DE102006040755B4 (de) 2006-08-31 2010-09-02 Alexander Schmidmeier Verfahren zur Spannungsbeseitigung bei getrockneten Bambusrohren und umfänglich geschlossenes Bambusrohr
US20080313958A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-25 Pachanoor Devanand S Method for drying cane
CN101927516B (zh) * 2010-03-26 2013-11-27 国家林业局北京林业机械研究所 一种整竹防裂加工方法
FR2967088B1 (fr) * 2010-11-04 2013-06-21 Lineazen Procede de fabrication de systemes constructifs integres multifonction et systemes constructifs associes a partir de bandes de bambou, procede de fabrication de bandes de bambou.
CN103659978A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-26 安吉洁家竹木制品有限公司 一种防止竹材开裂、虫蛀的处理方法
CN107398974B (zh) * 2016-12-21 2019-06-04 东阳市荣轩工艺品有限公司 一种木材处理方法及加工方法
CN107160506B (zh) * 2017-06-23 2022-12-09 南京林业大学 一种整竹无裂纹展开装置
CN115042282B (zh) * 2022-07-01 2023-01-31 江西庄驰家居科技有限公司 一种竹子内外节去除一体机及硬化刀头

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2566058C1 (ru) * 2014-07-28 2015-10-20 Александр Витольдович Малицкий Способ обработки бамбука и изделие из бамбука, полученное этим способом

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2097554T3 (es) 1997-04-01
AU5315394A (en) 1994-07-21
DE4300557A1 (de) 1994-07-14
MY110386A (en) 1998-04-30
DE59401215D1 (de) 1997-01-23
DE4300557C2 (de) 1995-11-30
US5433805A (en) 1995-07-18
JPH0740309A (ja) 1995-02-10
CN1097673A (zh) 1995-01-25
CA2112963A1 (en) 1994-07-13
AU665476B2 (en) 1996-01-04
CA2112963C (en) 1998-06-09
CN1056553C (zh) 2000-09-20
PH30171A (en) 1997-01-21
JP2634023B2 (ja) 1997-07-23
EP0607829A1 (de) 1994-07-27

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