EP0607829B1 - Method for avoiding cracking of bamboo (mechanical) - Google Patents

Method for avoiding cracking of bamboo (mechanical) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607829B1
EP0607829B1 EP94100231A EP94100231A EP0607829B1 EP 0607829 B1 EP0607829 B1 EP 0607829B1 EP 94100231 A EP94100231 A EP 94100231A EP 94100231 A EP94100231 A EP 94100231A EP 0607829 B1 EP0607829 B1 EP 0607829B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
bamboo
bamboo cane
drying
cane
strip
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EP94100231A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0607829A1 (en
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Alexander Schmidmeier
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27JMECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062Prior to assembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1067Continuous longitudinal slitting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1348Cellular material derived from plant or animal source [e.g., wood, cotton, wool, leather, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating bamboo tubes in order to prevent the bamboo tubes from cracking.
  • bamboo Because of its high elasticity and stability, especially in Asia, bamboo is used in a wide variety of ways as a structural element, from the construction of church tower-high scaffolding to the use as material for seating furniture and tableware.
  • bamboo cane Since the bamboo cane has a closed, round cross-section and is divided in the longitudinal direction at irregular intervals from bulkhead-like transverse walls, the methods of crack prevention known from the treatment of solid wood processed into boards (layer-by-layer gluing of the solid wood levels in an angular fiber direction to one another) cannot be used Crack prevention can be used.
  • bamboo is not a type of wood, but a giant grass and apart from that, there are almost opposite physical behaviors:
  • bamboo While wood has the leading cells for liquid transport, especially in the outside areas directly under the bark, and therefore a tree trunk has the highest moisture content in the outside area and the lowest in the core area, the opposite is true with bamboo:
  • the supporting cells which give the bamboo its firmness, while on the inside there are the lead cells and storage cells for the water to be absorbed with the building materials it contains.
  • the two materials behave absolutely unequal, especially since the physical behavior of the bamboo is completely different due to the hollow construction with the transverse walls in the axial direction.
  • the moisture content of bamboo canes is not only fundamentally higher than with wood, but also fluctuates much more depending on the location, the current climate and, viewed in the cross-sectional direction of the bamboo cane and in the axial longitudinal direction, the size.
  • the described methods use a reduction in the mechanical stresses that occur.
  • these tensions are caused by the closed, round cross-sectional contour of the bamboo percentage uniform shrinkage of the bamboo in the outer layer tensile stresses must occur compared to the inner layer.
  • This is reinforced by the internal structure of the bamboo, which has more supporting cells in the outer third and more tubular water transport cells and storage cells in the inner third.
  • a further difficulty in influencing the tensions in the bamboo are the internal transverse walls which are present at irregular intervals and which are also expressed in a reinforced bead running around the outside of the bamboo.
  • the thickness of the wall compared to the diameter of the tube, the taper of the tube, as well as the internal structure of the bamboo and its initial moisture content is also different in almost every individual case, the types of influence must also be individually variable.
  • the method of avoiding cracks according to the invention is to open the closed cross-section by means of a longitudinal cut along a generatrix of the bamboo cane and thereby to create an artificial crack, so to speak.
  • this will not change evenly in all cases during the drying process, i.e. open, remain the same or even close.
  • a strip e.g. an adapted bamboo strip or a strip of similar looking material can be inserted and glued or instead or mechanically fastened by clips, bamboo dowels or the like.
  • gluing with the additional insertion of approximately 3 mm thick bamboo dowels in the longitudinal direction has proven to be useful alternately diagonally through the adhesive surfaces of the bamboo strip on both sides.
  • Another way to reduce the tendency to crack in bamboo canes is to leave the lower 50 to 200 cm of the grown bamboo cane on the one hand and to harvest only the upper area of the cane, as the height increases The initial moisture content of the bamboo cane decreases sharply.
  • the cut pipe After the harvest, the cut pipe is stored upright, ideally directly in the bamboo grove, and the remaining branches are left in the process, which leads to a kind of pre-drying through the release of moisture through the leaves and evaporation through the cut surfaces, supported by the decrease in moisture in the bamboo tube by gravity.
  • the active drying of the bamboo is carried out in several stages:
  • the bamboo is preferably dried outdoors from the initial moisture content (50 to 100%) down to the so-called fiber saturation limit. In the case of bamboo, this is between 14 and 21% by weight of water in contrast to wood, in which this value is 23 to 35%. bamboo also begins to shrink in this first drying phase In contrast to wood, which only begins to shrink after the fiber saturation value is undershot. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are percentages by weight.
  • This first phase is carried out by standing upright in partial shade outdoors for 2 to 10 weeks, in particular 3 to 4 weeks.
  • the moisture content is reduced to a value of about 17% within a range of 13% to 25%. This value corresponds to the moisture equilibrium as it arises in the tropics due to the ambient humidity if the storage is long enough.
  • the introduction of a longitudinal gap described above is carried out by cutting, sawing or milling, with a width of about 4 mm, about on the 4th day of this 1st drying stage, and if a chemical immersion bath treatment is carried out at the beginning of the 1st drying stage, 4 days after removal from the immersion bath.
  • the change in the gap width must be checked at least every 4 days, better daily as the gap usually narrows.
  • the gap closes due to the shrinking of the bamboo, especially in the inner area and thus with a reduction in diameter it has to be widened again by mechanical processing in order to avoid mechanically occurring stresses when the cut surfaces lie against one another. If after two reworking the gap is still reduced to 0 mm width, the bamboo tube is no longer suitable for further processing.
  • the bamboo In the second stage, ideally starting from the fiber saturation level of moisture, drying is carried out to 8% to 10% final moisture.
  • the bamboo preferably releases the water bound in the outer areas, which is why these outer layers want to contract, but this is not possible due to the different behavior of the inner tube areas.
  • the tube diameter is bent up, similarly to a bimetal, so that the circumference increases and a longitudinal gap is formed or enlarged at one point on the tube circumference.
  • the air temperature is between 30 ° and 60 ° C and the relative humidity is 75% to 33%, with the initial moisture of the bamboo not being allowed to exceed 24% in this second phase.
  • drying is regularly checked with a moisture meter during chamber drying, which happens every 2 hours during the second drying phase and every 2 days outdoors in the previous first phase.
  • the outside of the bamboo tube, especially in the knot area, is preferably sprayed with water regularly during the 1st phase, in order to prevent cracking, especially there.
  • the width of the longitudinal gap is measured regularly, preferably approximately every 4 hours, manually or by means of strain gauges or its change is monitored, in order not to cause drying that is too rapid despite the predetermined values for the individual phases, which inevitably increases Cracks form.
  • conditioning to the climatic conditions of the exporting country is carried out, i.e. acclimatization at about 40 to 50 ° Air humidity and 20 to 25 ° C temperature for European countries.
  • the dwell time in the climatic room is 2 to 4 days, whereby the diameter of the bamboo tube is reduced by 5 to 12% compared to the last phase in the drying chamber, due to the higher relative humidity in the climatic room compared to the last phase in the drying chamber.
  • This is used in a targeted manner since it has been found that this underdrying in the drying chamber increases the later crack resistance of the processed bamboo cane, since they later have a lower tendency to swell. This could be related to the permanent collapse of individual capillaries.
  • the bamboo strips inserted in the longitudinal gap are sealed, dowelled and glued.
  • the bamboo canes are often worked for this purpose during the day, while they are stored again in the climate room for air conditioning at least 15 hours at night.
  • the bamboo tubes with this seam side can be arranged in the mostly invisible area, while with bamboo tubes dried without additional treatment, the crack formation at any point and therefore usually also in the visible area can occur.
  • bamboo strips of a pre-made width and orientation of the adhesive surfaces are usually used, to which the gap of the bamboo tube has previously been milled is adjusted, whereby he gets the right width and slope of his adhesive surfaces.
  • the adhesive surfaces of both the bamboo strip and the longitudinal gap are tapered obliquely from the inside to the outside, so that the longitudinal gap is wider on the inside than the outside and, in addition, after the bamboo strip is inserted, the adhesive joint on the inside is wider than the outside.
  • the adhesive surface of the bamboo strip as well as the bamboo tube can advantageously be angled into one another, i.e. concave for the bamboo tube and convex for the bamboo strip, or vice versa, so that the interlocking of these profiles of the adhesive surfaces results in a positive fit which pre-fixes the bamboo strip until the adhesive sets.
  • the bamboo strip will generally have its outer beads caused by the transverse wall attachment at different distances than the bamboo tube, not a single, continuous bamboo strip is used in the case of several transverse wall beads of the bamboo tube, but rather parts in the longitudinal direction, each of which has only one transverse wall. Bead included, which is placed at the same level with the transverse wall bead of the bamboo tube, so that the subsequent part of the bamboo strip is cut to length accordingly.
  • both the entire joint or only the remaining joint between the inserted strip and the original bamboo tube can be filled with an elastic filler such as polyurethane or silicone, the filler or at least its surface should be color-matched.
  • an elastic filler such as polyurethane or silicone
  • the inside of the pipe with a light filler such as a closed-cell foam, which increases the specific weight only slightly, but due to the full-surface adhesion between the foam filling and the inside of the pipe, the pipe can contract and stretch when processed is made very difficult.
  • a light filler such as a closed-cell foam
  • the first and last transverse walls which were not removed by completely destroying them but sawing out, are preferably used again and serve as boundary walls for filling the foam.
  • Another possibility which does not constitute an embodiment of the invention, is to cut the bamboo tube not only on one surface line before drying, but on several surface lines, that is, to split it into two or more segments of the cross section. When divided into two segments, the resulting half-shells usually bend into shapes that correspond to about half an ellipse.
  • These half-ellipses can either be glued to one another by interposed bamboo strips and thereby approximately complemented to a circular profile in cross-section, preferably only one bamboo strip being interposed, while the two half-shells of the bamboo tube are glued directly to one another at the opposite joint.
  • the shrinkage of the bamboo cane during drying can be influenced and minimized by further measures.
  • the outer skin of the bamboo tube can be peeled off before drying, and therefore usually before it is cut open, since its shrinkage behavior is very different from the other components of the bamboo tube, and after their removal, the differences in the shrinkage behavior inside the bamboo cross section are very great are lower.
  • the bamboo cane is ground on the outside after being added and glued in order to equalize the different surface structure and surface color between the bamboo strip and the bamboo cane.
  • polyethylene glycol with molecular weights of 600, 1000 or 1500 as well as urea or sorbitol come into consideration, which are each used in aqueous solution.
  • Another possibility is to replace the water inside the water cells with chemicals that are themselves highly hygroscopic, and thus to keep the water that is naturally present in the bamboo or brought in by the air humidity instead of letting it evaporate during drying.
  • Borax, soda, boric acid and their mixtures are each considered as an aqueous solution.
  • the bamboo should in any case against insect infestation with a 1 to 2% solution of boric acid in water are pretreated, this solution preferably being brought to a pH of about 8 by further addition of soda, which additionally reduces the risk of mold growth.
  • Another possibility, but not an embodiment of the present invention, of reducing or even avoiding the uneven shrinkage of the bamboo tube is to influence the drying process itself. This reduces the gap formation in the cut bamboo tubes described above, and in extreme cases can work exactly that it is no longer necessary to cut the bamboo cane along the outer surface.
  • the drying process should preferably already be influenced by the fact that only bamboo tubes that are at least five years old and that have grown on relatively poor soils and were harvested as far as possible during the drying season are used. With these bamboo tubes, the cell wall portion is already higher compared to the stored water portion and thus the shrinkage difference between the inside cells with large inner free spaces and the outside cell structures with little storage possibilities is less big.
  • the cutting of the bamboo tubes according to the invention it is advisable to dry the bamboo tubes by slowly drying the air, without direct sunlight, from the originally about 50 to 100% moisture content to about 17% moisture content, the degree of fiber saturation, before cutting. since this not only makes the cutting process easier to accomplish, but above all a part of the shrinkage has already taken place within the bamboo tube and through which later, while drying to the intended 8 to 10% residual moisture, an expansion of the gap produced will occur, but with a relatively uniform shape along the length of the gap, so that a strong deformation of the gap, which is disadvantageous for the subsequent clean sealing, is avoided. Furthermore, the deliberately different drying of the bamboo tube in its interior is advantageous compared to the outer surface. After drilling through and removing the transverse walls, the interior can be specifically dried more than the outer surface by passing dry warm air through, with the tube cross section closed, which can reduce or even compensate for the otherwise different rate of shrinkage between interior and exterior areas.
  • the drying process can be carried out in the optimal case so that at the end of the drying process the gap has closed completely or at least to the extent that the insertion of a bamboo strip is no longer necessary, but the gap is already glued together. This significantly reduces the amount of work.
  • This type of drying and the following considerations do not constitute an embodiment of the invention.
  • another type of mechanical stress relief can be used, for example, the introduction of a large number of holes along a surface line of the bamboo cane, which are closed again by appropriate plugs made of bamboo wood after the drying process has ended.
  • this locking process can be carried out faster than inserting a multi-part bamboo strip.
  • Fig. 1 shows a bamboo tube 1 in cross section, in which the transverse wall 5 is largely removed and the bamboo tube 1 was cut along a surface line, whereby a longitudinal gap 2 was created.
  • the side walls of the longitudinal gap 2 are parallel to one another and run essentially radially.
  • FIG. 2 shows the bamboo tube according to FIG. 1 after the drying process, as a result of which the bamboo tube 1 has contracted somewhat along its circumference and as a result the longitudinal gap 2 has become significantly wider.
  • the outer diameter of the bamboo tube 1 may even become somewhat larger compared to the state before drying.
  • the side walls 14 of the longitudinal gap 2 are still essentially radial to the longitudinal axis 15 of the bamboo tube.
  • the outer skin 13 of the bamboo tube was peeled in order to achieve a more uniform appearance on the one hand and on the other hand to reduce the otherwise significant difference in shrinkage between the natural outer skin 13 and the inner skin 12 of the bamboo tube .
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed illustration of the bamboo strip 3 inserted into the enlarged longitudinal gap 2.
  • the longitudinal gap 2 was not only widened, but also the orientation of its side walls 14 by milling, through which the widening is generally carried out, are also chosen differently in their angular position.
  • the side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1 is - as can be seen in the left figure of FIG. 3 - no longer radially, but from the inside to the outside the longitudinal gap 2 tapering obliquely.
  • the opposite adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo tube 1 is also arranged obliquely in this direction, but with a lower inclination, so that an adhesive joint 6 is formed, which is wider inside than outside and thereby practically invisible on the outside.
  • the adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo strip 3 and also the adhesive surface 4 'of the bamboo tube 1 are each adapted to each other, angled, the adhesive surface 4' of the bamboo tube 1 is concave and an indentation in cross-section indentation in the side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1.
  • a correspondingly convex counter-contour of the bamboo strip 3 engages in this angled groove and is held there in a form-fitting manner by the tension of the bamboo tube 1 until the adhesive sets.
  • Fig. 3 can be seen on both sides dowels 16, which - offset in the longitudinal direction of the bamboo strip 3 - alternately are introduced.
  • the dowels 16 run from the surface of the bamboo tube at a distance of about 5 to 15 mm next to the side walls 14 obliquely inwards across the adhesive joint 6 and reach the inside of the bamboo strip 3 approximately in the middle thereof.
  • the dowels are made of bamboo wood and have a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm.
  • Fig. 4 shows a finished bamboo tube 1 with a bamboo strip 3 consisting of several parts 7, inserted in the longitudinal gap 2, the adhesive joints are visible in the drawing, but are practically invisible in practice after sanding the surface.
  • Fig. 5 shows a possibility, which is not an embodiment of the invention, to equip a bamboo tube 1 along one of its surface lines with a plurality of holes 9, which can also compensate for stresses during drying and after completion of drying by appropriate plugs made of bamboo 10th be closed, where of course attention is paid to the same grain direction as the surrounding bamboo material.
  • the space between the holes should be about twice as large as the diameter of the holes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Bambusrohren um die Rißbildung der Bambusrohre zu verhindern.The invention relates to a method for treating bamboo tubes in order to prevent the bamboo tubes from cracking.

Bambus wird aufgrund seiner hohen Elastizität und Stabilität, vor allem in Asien, in vielfältigster Weise als konstruktives Element eingesetzt, vom Erstellen kirchturmhoher Baugerüste bis zur Verwendung als Material für Sitzmöbel und Geschirr.Because of its high elasticity and stability, especially in Asia, bamboo is used in a wide variety of ways as a structural element, from the construction of church tower-high scaffolding to the use as material for seating furniture and tableware.

Auch in Europa wird Bambus, vor allem für die Herstellung von Sitzmöbeln, Bettgestellen und ähnlichem eingesetzt.Bamboo is also used in Europe, especially for the manufacture of seating furniture, bed frames and the like.

Dabei besteht grundsätzlich das Problem, daß der Feuchtegehalt, wie ihn das Bambusrohr während des Wachstums besitzt, nämlich etwa 55 - 110 Gewichts%, nach dem Abschneiden des Rohres und der Beendigung der kapillaren Wasserzuführung aus dem Wurzelwerk auf die Luftfeuchtigkeit der Umgebung absinkt. Während im asiatischen Raum aufgrund der meist sehr hohen Luftfeuchtigkeit dieser Unterschied nur vereinzelt zur Rißbildung des Bambusrohres führt, reißen solche Rohre beim Transport nach Europa oder Nordamerika und vor allem beim Einsatz in zentralbeheizten oder klimatisierten Räumen fast regelmäßig, aufgrund der dann bestehenden sehr hohen Feuchtedifferenz.Basically, there is the problem that the moisture content as the bamboo cane has during growth, namely about 55-110% by weight, drops to the atmospheric humidity of the environment after the tube has been cut off and the capillary water supply from the root system has ended. While in Asia, due to the usually very high air humidity, this difference only occasionally causes the bamboo cane to crack, such tubes tear almost regularly during transport to Europe or North America, and especially when used in centrally heated or air-conditioned rooms, due to the then very high humidity difference.

Zwar wird durch Rißbildung auch die Stabilität des Bambusrohres beeinträchtigt, jedoch ist dies nicht der ausschlaggebende Nachteil, sondern die verschlechterte optische Wirkung, wenn das Bambusrohr als Konstruktionsmaterial für relativ hochwertige Möbel verwendet wurde.Although the stability of the bamboo cane is impaired by crack formation, this is not the decisive disadvantage, but rather the deteriorated visual effect if the bamboo cane was used as a construction material for relatively high-quality furniture.

Da das Bambusrohr einen geschlossenen, runden Querschnitt besitzt, und in Längsrichtung in unregelmäßigen Abständen von schottartigen Querwänden abgeteilt wird, können die aus der Behandlung von zu Brettern verarbeitetem Massivholz bekannten Methoden der Rißvermeidung (schichtweises Verleimen der Massivholz-Ebenen in winkliger Faserrichtung zueinander) nicht zur Rißvermeidung eingesetzt werden. Denn einerseits ist Bambus rein biologisch gesehen nicht eine Holzart, sondern ein Riesengras und auch davon abgesehen bestehen fast gegenläufige Verhaltensweisen in physikalischer Hinsicht:Since the bamboo cane has a closed, round cross-section and is divided in the longitudinal direction at irregular intervals from bulkhead-like transverse walls, the methods of crack prevention known from the treatment of solid wood processed into boards (layer-by-layer gluing of the solid wood levels in an angular fiber direction to one another) cannot be used Crack prevention can be used. On the one hand, from a purely biological point of view, bamboo is not a type of wood, but a giant grass and apart from that, there are almost opposite physical behaviors:

Während Holz die Leitzellen zum Flüssigkeitstransport, vor allem in den Außenbereichen direkt unter der Rinde, hat und daher ein Baumstamm im Außenbereich den höchsten und im Kernbereich den niedrigsten Feuchtegehalt aufweist, ist es bei Bambus genau umgekehrt:While wood has the leading cells for liquid transport, especially in the outside areas directly under the bark, and therefore a tree trunk has the highest moisture content in the outside area and the lowest in the core area, the opposite is true with bamboo:

Im äußeren Drittel des Rohres befinden sich die Stützzellen, die dem Bambus seine Festigkeit geben, während nach innen die Leitzellen und Speicherzellen für das aufzunehmende Wasser mit den enthaltenen Aufbaustoffen folgen. Demzufolge verhalten sich die beiden Stoffe absolut ungleich, zumal noch hinzukommt, daß das physikalische Verhalten des Bambus aufgrund der Hohlkonstruktion mit den in axialer Richtung vorhandenen Querwänden nochmals völlig anders ist.In the outer third of the pipe are the supporting cells, which give the bamboo its firmness, while on the inside there are the lead cells and storage cells for the water to be absorbed with the building materials it contains. As a result, the two materials behave absolutely unequal, especially since the physical behavior of the bamboo is completely different due to the hollow construction with the transverse walls in the axial direction.

Zusätzlich ist der Feuchtegehalt von Bambusrohren beim Schnitt nicht nur grundsätzlich höher als bei Holz, sondern schwankt auch sehr viel stärker in Abhängigkeit vom Standort, momentanem Klima und, betrachtet in Querschnittsrichtung des Bambusrohres als auch in axialer Längsrichtung, von der Größe.In addition, the moisture content of bamboo canes is not only fundamentally higher than with wood, but also fluctuates much more depending on the location, the current climate and, viewed in the cross-sectional direction of the bamboo cane and in the axial longitudinal direction, the size.

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem Bambusrohre, die auch zwei und mehr Querwände aufweisen, so behandelt werden können, daß eine Rißbildung des Bambusrohres nach dessen Verarbeitung vermieden wird. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruche 1 gelöst.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method with which bamboo tubes, which also have two or more transverse walls, can be treated in such a way that cracking of the bamboo tube after its processing is avoided. This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 - 16.Advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims 2-16.

Die beschriebenen Verfahren bedienen sich einer Herabsetzung der auftretenden mechanischen Spannungen.The described methods use a reduction in the mechanical stresses that occur.

Diese Spannungen sind einerseits durch die geschlossene, runde Querschnittskontur des Bambus bedingt, wodurch selbst bei prozentual gleichmäßigem Schwund des Bambus in der äußeren Schicht Zugspannungen gegenüber der inneren Schicht auftreten müssen. Dies wird noch verstärkt durch die innere Struktur des Bambus, die im äußeren Drittel mehr Stützzellen und im inneren Drittel mehr röhrenartige WasserTransportzellen sowie Speicherzellen aufweist.On the one hand, these tensions are caused by the closed, round cross-sectional contour of the bamboo percentage uniform shrinkage of the bamboo in the outer layer tensile stresses must occur compared to the inner layer. This is reinforced by the internal structure of the bamboo, which has more supporting cells in the outer third and more tubular water transport cells and storage cells in the inner third.

Eine weitere Schwierigkeit der Beeinflussung der Spannungen im Bambus sind die in unregelmäßigen Abständen vorhandenen inneren Querwände, die sich auch in einem auf der Außenseite des Bambus umlaufenden, verstärkten Wulst äußern.A further difficulty in influencing the tensions in the bamboo are the internal transverse walls which are present at irregular intervals and which are also expressed in a reinforced bead running around the outside of the bamboo.

Da weiterhin wachstumsbedingt auch die Dicke der Wandung gegenüber dem Durchmesser des Rohres, die Konizität des Rohres,sowie die innere Struktur des Bambus und dessen Ausgangsfeuchtigkeit in beinahe jedem Einzelfall anders ist, müssen auch die Arten der Beeinflussung individuell variabel sein.Since the thickness of the wall compared to the diameter of the tube, the taper of the tube, as well as the internal structure of the bamboo and its initial moisture content is also different in almost every individual case, the types of influence must also be individually variable.

Die Methode der Rißvermeidung nach der Erfindung besteht darin, durch einen Längsschnitt entlang einer Mantellinie des Bambusrohres den geschlossenen Querschnitt zu öffnen und dadurch sozusagen einen künstlichen Riß zu schaffen. Dieser wird sich - trotz des vorher erfolgten Durchbohrens oder gar vollständigen Entfernens der inneren Querwände - dennoch nicht in allen Fällen während des Trocknungsvorganges gleichmäßig verändern, also öffnen, gleichbleiben oder gar verschließen. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle wird jedoch eine Öffnung dieses Längsspaltes zu verzeichnen sein, so daß nach Ende des Trocknungsvorganges in diesen Längsspalt ein Streifen, z.B. ein angepaßter Bambusstreifen oder ein Streifen aus ähnlich aussehendem Material eingesetzt und verklebt bzw. statt dessen oder zusätzlich mechanisch befestigt werden kann durch Klammern, Bambusdübel oder ähnlichem. Bewährt hat sich hier vor allem das Einkleben mit zusätzlichem Einbringen von etwa 3 mm dicken Bambusdübeln in Längsrichtung jeweils abwechselnd schräg durch die beiderseitigen Klebeflächen des Bambusstreifens hindurch.The method of avoiding cracks according to the invention is to open the closed cross-section by means of a longitudinal cut along a generatrix of the bamboo cane and thereby to create an artificial crack, so to speak. Despite the previous drilling or even complete removal of the inner transverse walls, this will not change evenly in all cases during the drying process, i.e. open, remain the same or even close. In the majority of cases, however, there will be an opening of this longitudinal gap, so that after the end of the drying process, a strip, e.g. an adapted bamboo strip or a strip of similar looking material can be inserted and glued or instead or mechanically fastened by clips, bamboo dowels or the like. In particular, gluing with the additional insertion of approximately 3 mm thick bamboo dowels in the longitudinal direction has proven to be useful alternately diagonally through the adhesive surfaces of the bamboo strip on both sides.

Diese mechanische Behandlung muß jedoch durch spezielle, abgestufte Trocknungsvorgänge unterstützt werden, um ein auch in europäischen Klimaverhältnissen nicht reißendes Bambusprodukt zu erhalten:This mechanical treatment must, however, be supported by special, graduated drying processes in order to be to obtain a non-tearing bamboo product in European climates:

Vorbehandlung:Pretreatment:

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Rißneigung bei Bambusrohren zu mindern, die aber keine Ausführungsart der Erfindung darstellt, besteht darin, einerseits die unteren 50 bis 200 cm des gewachsenen Bambusrohres stehen zu lassen und nur den oberen Bereich des Rohres zu ernten, da mit zunehmender Höhe der Ausgangs-Feuchtegehalt des Bambusrohres stark abnimmt.Another way to reduce the tendency to crack in bamboo canes, but this is not an embodiment of the invention, is to leave the lower 50 to 200 cm of the grown bamboo cane on the one hand and to harvest only the upper area of the cane, as the height increases The initial moisture content of the bamboo cane decreases sharply.

Durch das einige Wochen vor dem Ernten erfolgende, weitestgehende Entfernen der Äste und Zweige des Bambus wird zusätzlich der Wassertransport durch das Bambusrohr verringert und damit der Ausgangs-Feuchtegehalt bei der Ernte.By removing the branches and twigs of the bamboo as far as possible a few weeks before harvesting, the water transport through the bamboo cane is also reduced and thus the initial moisture content during the harvest.

Vortrocknung:Predrying:

Unterstützend wird das geschnittene Rohr nach dem Ernten noch aufrecht stehend gelagert, am besten direkt im Bambushain, und dabei werden die noch vorhandenen Äste belassen, wodurch eine Art Vortrocknung durch Feuchtigkeitsabgabe über die Blätter und Verdunsten über die Schnittflächen stattfindet, unterstützt durch das Absinken der Feuchtigkeit im Bambusrohr durch die Schwerkraft.After the harvest, the cut pipe is stored upright, ideally directly in the bamboo grove, and the remaining branches are left in the process, which leads to a kind of pre-drying through the release of moisture through the leaves and evaporation through the cut surfaces, supported by the decrease in moisture in the bamboo tube by gravity.

Aktive Trocknung:Active drying:

Die aktive Trocknung des Bambus wird in mehreren Stufen vollzogen:The active drying of the bamboo is carried out in several stages:

1. Stufe:1st stage:

In der ersten Stufe wird der Bambus vorzugsweise im Freien vom Ausgangs-Feuchtigkeitsgehalt (50 bis 100%) bis auf die sogenannte Fasersättigungsgrenze heruntergetrocknet. Diese liegt bei Bambus zwischen 14 und 21 Gew.% Wasser im Gegensatz zu Holz, bei dem dieser Wert 23 bis 35% beträgt. Auch beginnt Bambus bereits in dieser ersten Trocknungsphase zu schrumpfen im Gegensatz zu Holz, welches erst nach Unterschreiten des Fasersättigungswertes zu schrumpfen beginnt. Sofern nichts anderes angegeben, verstehen sich alle Prozentangaben als Gewichtsprozente.In the first stage, the bamboo is preferably dried outdoors from the initial moisture content (50 to 100%) down to the so-called fiber saturation limit. In the case of bamboo, this is between 14 and 21% by weight of water in contrast to wood, in which this value is 23 to 35%. Bamboo also begins to shrink in this first drying phase In contrast to wood, which only begins to shrink after the fiber saturation value is undershot. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are percentages by weight.

Diese erste Phase wird durch aufrecht stehende Lagerung im Halbschatten im Freien für 2 bis 10 Wochen, insbesondere von 3 bis 4 Wochen, durchgeführt. Dabei verringert sich der Feuchtegehalt auf einen Wert von etwa 17% innerhalb einer Bandbreite von 13% bis 25%. Dieser Wert entspricht dem Feuchtegleichgewicht, wie es sich bei ausreichend langer Lagerung aufgrund der Umgebungsluftfeuchtigkeit in den Tropen einstellt.This first phase is carried out by standing upright in partial shade outdoors for 2 to 10 weeks, in particular 3 to 4 weeks. The moisture content is reduced to a value of about 17% within a range of 13% to 25%. This value corresponds to the moisture equilibrium as it arises in the tropics due to the ambient humidity if the storage is long enough.

Dabei schrumpft der Bambus im Durchmesser um 4 bis 14%, so daß es vorteilhaft ist, bereits vor dieser ersten Trocknungsphase die Querwände zu entfernen. Dies kann durch Stoßen oder einen im Durchmesser verstellbaren Bohrkopf geschehen.The bamboo shrinks by 4 to 14% in diameter, so that it is advantageous to remove the transverse walls before this first drying phase. This can be done by knocking or a drill head with adjustable diameter.

Dies ist notwendig, da in dieser ersten Trocknungsphase vor allem das freie Wasser aus den vermehrt am Innenumfang liegenden Wasserleitungen abgegeben wird und bei entfernten Querwänden besser nach außen austreten kann.This is necessary because, in this first drying phase, above all the free water is released from the water pipes, which are increasingly located on the inner circumference, and can better escape to the outside when the transverse walls are removed.

Falls es in dieser ersten Stufe zu Rissen kommt, entstehen diese hauptsächlich von innen her, da durch Verdunsten des freien Wassers in den Kappilaren der innenwand-nahen Bereiche des Rohres die stärkste Schrumpfung und Spannungsbildung auftritt. Mit den oben genannten Maßnahmen sind in dieser Trocknungsphase Rißbildungen jedoch weitgehend vermeidbar.If there are cracks in this first stage, these mainly occur from the inside, since the evaporation of the free water in the capillaries in the areas of the pipe near the inner wall causes the greatest shrinkage and stress formation. With the above-mentioned measures, however, cracks can largely be avoided in this drying phase.

Deshalb wird die eingangs beschriebene Einbringung eines Längsspaltes durch Aufschneiden, Aufsägen oder Auffräsen, mit einer Breite von etwa 4 mm, etwa am 4.Tag dieser 1.Trocknungsstufe durchgeführt, und falls zu Beginn der 1.Trocknungsstufe eine chemische Tauchbad-Behandlung durchgeführt wird, 4 Tage nach Entnehmen aus dem Tauchbad.Therefore, the introduction of a longitudinal gap described above is carried out by cutting, sawing or milling, with a width of about 4 mm, about on the 4th day of this 1st drying stage, and if a chemical immersion bath treatment is carried out at the beginning of the 1st drying stage, 4 days after removal from the immersion bath.

Während dieser 1.Trocknungsstufe muß die Veränderung der Spaltbreite spätestens alle 4 Tage, besser täglich, kontrolliert werden, da sich der Spalt in der Regel verengt. Bevor sich der Spalt durch Schrumpfung des Bambus vor allem im inneren Bereich und damit unter Durchmesserreduzierung schließt, muß er erneut durch mechanische Bearbeitung erweitert werden, um mechanisch auftretende Spannungen bei Anlage der Schnittflächen aneinander zu vermeiden. Sollte der Spalt nach zweimaligem Nachbearbeiten sich immernoch auf 0 mm Breite verkleinern, ist das Bambusrohr für die weitere Verarbeitung nicht mehr geeignet.During this first drying stage, the change in the gap width must be checked at least every 4 days, better daily as the gap usually narrows. Before the gap closes due to the shrinking of the bamboo, especially in the inner area and thus with a reduction in diameter, it has to be widened again by mechanical processing in order to avoid mechanically occurring stresses when the cut surfaces lie against one another. If after two reworking the gap is still reduced to 0 mm width, the bamboo tube is no longer suitable for further processing.

2. Stufe (Trocknungskammmer/Klimaraum):2nd stage (drying chamber / climate room):

In der zweiten Stufe wird, im Idealfall genau ausgehend vom Fasersättigungsgehalt an Feuchtigkeit, auf 8% bis 10% Endfeuchtigkeit herabgetrocknet. In dieser zweiten Trocknungsphase gibt der Bambus vorzugsweise das in den Außenbereichen gebundene Wasser ab, weswegen sich diese äußeren Schichten zusammenziehen wollen, was jedoch aufgrund der sich anders verhaltenden inneren Rohrbereiche nicht möglich ist. Dadurch wird - ähnlich wie bei einem Bimetall - der Rohrdurchmesser aufgebogen, so daß sich der Umfang vergrößert und an einer Stelle des Rohrumfanges ein Längsspalt entsteht bzw. vergrößert.In the second stage, ideally starting from the fiber saturation level of moisture, drying is carried out to 8% to 10% final moisture. In this second drying phase, the bamboo preferably releases the water bound in the outer areas, which is why these outer layers want to contract, but this is not possible due to the different behavior of the inner tube areas. As a result, the tube diameter is bent up, similarly to a bimetal, so that the circumference increases and a longitudinal gap is formed or enlarged at one point on the tube circumference.

2.a, Trocknungskammer2.a, drying chamber

Während der Kammertrocknung beträgt die Lufttemperatur zwischen 30° und 60° C und die relative Luftfeuchte 75% bis 33%, wobei die Ausgangsfeuchtigkeit des Bambus in dieser zweiten Phase nicht mehr als 24% betragen darf.During chamber drying, the air temperature is between 30 ° and 60 ° C and the relative humidity is 75% to 33%, with the initial moisture of the bamboo not being allowed to exceed 24% in this second phase.

Weiterhin wird während der Kammertrocknung regelmäßig mit einem Feuchtemeßgerät die Trocknung überprüft, was während der zweiten Trocknungsphase alle 2 Stunden, bei der vorherigen ersten Phase im Freien alle 2 Tage geschieht.Furthermore, drying is regularly checked with a moisture meter during chamber drying, which happens every 2 hours during the second drying phase and every 2 days outdoors in the previous first phase.

Die Trocknung in der Trocknungskammer wird mit kühler Luft und hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit begonnen, wobei im Verlauf des Trocknungsvorganges die Temperatur erhöht und die Luftfeuchtigkeit im Trocknungsofen erniedrigt wird. Vorzugsweise wird in mehreren Kammerphasen getrocknet. Typisch für 3m lange Bambusrohre mit der üblichen 5-jährigen Wuchsdauer, entnommen aus dem mittleren Stammbereich und mit chemischer Vorbehandlung sind folgende Werte:

  • 1. Stufe = 30° Celsius/ 75% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  • 2. Stufe = 38° Celsius/ 60% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  • 3. Stufe = 49° Celsius/ 45% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit
  • 4. Stufe = 60° Celsius/ 35% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit.
Drying in the drying chamber is started with cool air and high air humidity, with the temperature increasing and the air humidity in the drying oven being reduced in the course of the drying process. Preferably dried in several chamber phases. The following values are typical for 3m long bamboo tubes with the usual 5-year growth period, taken from the middle trunk area and with chemical pretreatment:
  • 1st stage = 30 ° Celsius / 75% relative humidity
  • 2nd stage = 38 ° Celsius / 60% relative humidity
  • 3rd stage = 49 ° Celsius / 45% relative humidity
  • 4th stage = 60 ° Celsius / 35% relative air humidity.

Dabei wird vorzugsweise während der 1. Phase die Außenseite, vor allem im Knotenbereich, des Bambusrohres regelmäßig mit Wasser bespritzt, um speziell dort Rißbildung zu verhindern. Die Gesamtzeit der Kammertrocknung (z.B. der oben dargestellten 1.- 4. Phase) beträgt dabei 3-7 Tage, wobei sich die Gesamtzeit sowie die Einzelzeiten der einzelnen Phasen je nach Wandstärke des zu trocknenden Rohres etwa wie folgt unterscheiden: Wandstärke 1.Phase(x) 2.Phase(x) 3.Phase(x) 4.Phase(x) 10 mm 20 22 24 22 12 mm 20 22 33 27 14 mm 20 22 43 31 16 mm 22 26 49 35 18 mm 22 26 55 42 20 mm 22 26 62 50 (x) = Verweildauer in Stunden The outside of the bamboo tube, especially in the knot area, is preferably sprayed with water regularly during the 1st phase, in order to prevent cracking, especially there. The total time for chamber drying (e.g. the 1st to 4th phases shown above) is 3-7 days, with the total time and the individual times of the individual phases differing as follows depending on the wall thickness of the pipe to be dried: Wall thickness 1st phase (x) 2nd phase (x) 3rd phase (x) 4th phase (x) 10 mm 20th 22 24th 22 12 mm 20th 22 33 27 14 mm 20th 22 43 31 16 mm 22 26 49 35 18 mm 22 26 55 42 20 mm 22 26 62 50 (x) = length of stay in hours

Während des Verbleibs in der Trocknungskammer wird die Breite des Längsspaltes regelmäßig, vorzugsweise etwa alle 4 Stunden, manuell oder mittels Dehnungsmeßstreifen gemessen bzw. in ihrer Veränderung überwacht, um trotz der vorgegebenen Werte für die einzelnen Phasen keine zu schnelle Trocknung zu bewirken, die unweigerlich zu Rißbildungen führt.While remaining in the drying chamber, the width of the longitudinal gap is measured regularly, preferably approximately every 4 hours, manually or by means of strain gauges or its change is monitored, in order not to cause drying that is too rapid despite the predetermined values for the individual phases, which inevitably increases Cracks form.

Klimaraum:Climate room:

Nach etwa 3- bis 7-tätiger Verweildauer in der Trocknungskammer wird eine Konditionierung an die Klimaverhältnisse des Exportlandes durchgeführt, also eine Akklimatisierung bei etwa 40 bis 50° Luftfeuchtigkeit und 20 bis 25°C Temperatur für europäische Länder.After about 3 to 7 days in the drying chamber, conditioning to the climatic conditions of the exporting country is carried out, i.e. acclimatization at about 40 to 50 ° Air humidity and 20 to 25 ° C temperature for European countries.

Die Verweildauer in dem Klimaraum beträgt 2 bis 4 Tage, wobei gegenüber der letzten Phase in der Trocknungskammer wiederum eine Durchmesserverringerung des Bambusrohres um 5 bis 12% stattfindet, aufgrund der höheren relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Klimaraum gegenüber der letzten Phase in der Trocknungskammer. Dies wird gezielt eingesetzt, da sich herausgestellt hat, daß dieses Untertrocknen in der Trocknungskammer die spätere Rißfestigkeit des verarbeiteten Bambusrohres erhöht, da sie später eine niedrigere Schwellneigung aufweisen. Dies könnte mit dem nachhaltigen Kollabieren einzelner Kappilare zusammenhängen.The dwell time in the climatic room is 2 to 4 days, whereby the diameter of the bamboo tube is reduced by 5 to 12% compared to the last phase in the drying chamber, due to the higher relative humidity in the climatic room compared to the last phase in the drying chamber. This is used in a targeted manner since it has been found that this underdrying in the drying chamber increases the later crack resistance of the processed bamboo cane, since they later have a lower tendency to swell. This could be related to the permanent collapse of individual capillaries.

Während des Aufenthaltes im Klimaraum wird auch das Verschließen, Verdübeln und Verkleben der in den Längsspalt eingesetzten Bambusstreifen vorgenommen. Dabei wird häufig tagsüber an den Bambusrohren zu diesem Zweck gearbeitet, während sie in der Nacht, jeweils für mindestens 15 Stunden, wieder im Klimaraum zur Klimatisierung gelagert werden.During the stay in the climate room, the bamboo strips inserted in the longitudinal gap are sealed, dowelled and glued. The bamboo canes are often worked for this purpose during the day, while they are stored again in the climate room for air conditioning at least 15 hours at night.

Bei einem anschließenden Überschleifen der Außenfläche des Bambusrohres ist die Klebefuge des Bambusstreifens so gut wie unsichtbar, und lediglich die Bambusdübel sind aufgrund ihrer anderen Struktur bei genauem Hinsehen zu erkennen.When the outer surface of the bamboo tube is subsequently sanded over, the adhesive joint of the bamboo strip is practically invisible, and only the bamboo dowels can be seen on closer inspection due to their different structure.

Da bei konstruktiver Verwendung der Bambusrohre jedoch meist eine Seite des Bambusrohres schlecht sichtbar oder völlig unsichtbar ist, können die Bambusrohre mit dieser Nahtseite im meist unsichtbaren Bereich angeordnet werden, während bei ohne Zusatzbehandlung getrockneten Bambusrohren die Rißbildung an jeder beliebigen Stelle und daher auch meist auch im sichtbaren Bereich auftreten kann.However, since one side of the bamboo tube is usually poorly visible or completely invisible when the bamboo tubes are used constructively, the bamboo tubes with this seam side can be arranged in the mostly invisible area, while with bamboo tubes dried without additional treatment, the crack formation at any point and therefore usually also in the visible area can occur.

Um das Einsetzen des verschließenden Bambusstreifens zu erleichtern, werden meist Bambusstreifen einer vorgefertigten Breite und Ausrichtung der Klebeflächen benützt, an die der Spalt des Bambusrohres vorher durch entsprechenden Fräsvorgang angepaßt wird, wodurch er die richtige Breite und Schräge seiner Klebeflächen erhält.In order to facilitate the insertion of the closing bamboo strip, bamboo strips of a pre-made width and orientation of the adhesive surfaces are usually used, to which the gap of the bamboo tube has previously been milled is adjusted, whereby he gets the right width and slope of his adhesive surfaces.

Vorzugsweise sind die Klebeflächen sowohl des Bambusstreifens als auch des Längsspaltes keilförmig schräg von innen nach außen aufeinander zulaufend, so daß der Längsspalt innen breiter als außen ist und zusätzlich nach Einsetzen des Bambusstreifens die Klebefuge innen breiter als außen ist.Preferably, the adhesive surfaces of both the bamboo strip and the longitudinal gap are tapered obliquely from the inside to the outside, so that the longitudinal gap is wider on the inside than the outside and, in addition, after the bamboo strip is inserted, the adhesive joint on the inside is wider than the outside.

Ebenso ist jedoch auch das Ausfräsen des Längsspaltes auf eine besdtimmte Breite und zu zwei parallelen Seitenflächen möglich, und das Benutzen ebensolcher, vorgefertigter Bambusstreifen.However, it is also possible to mill out the longitudinal gap to a certain width and to two parallel side surfaces, and to use the same type of prefabricated bamboo strips.

Diese Arbeitsweise ist zeitsparender, als bei jedem Bambusrohr individuell die Form und Abmessung des durch die Trocknung gebildeten, erweiterten Längsspaltes zu ermitteln und auf einen Bambusstreifen exakt zu übertragen.This way of working is more time-saving than determining the shape and dimension of the extended longitudinal gap formed by the drying process for each bamboo cane and transferring it exactly to a bamboo strip.

Um das Einsetzen des Bambusstreifens weiter zu erleichtern, kann vorteilhafterweise die Klebefläche des Bambusstreifens als auch des Bambusrohres jeweils ineinandergreifend abgewinkelt ausgebildet werden, also beim Bambusrohr konkav und beim Bambusstreifen konvex oder umgekehrt, so daß allein durch das Ineinandergreifen dieser Profile der Klebeflächen ein formschlüssiger Halt entsteht, der den Bambusstreifen bis zum Abbinden des Klebers vorfixiert.In order to further facilitate the insertion of the bamboo strip, the adhesive surface of the bamboo strip as well as the bamboo tube can advantageously be angled into one another, i.e. concave for the bamboo tube and convex for the bamboo strip, or vice versa, so that the interlocking of these profiles of the adhesive surfaces results in a positive fit which pre-fixes the bamboo strip until the adhesive sets.

Da der Bambusstreifen in der Regel seine äußeren, durch den Querwandansatz bedingten Wulste in anderen Abständen aufweisen wird als das Bambusrohr, wird bei mehreren Querwand-Wulsten des Bambusrohres nicht ein einziger, durchgehender Bambusstreifen verwendet, sondern in Längsrichtung Teile, die jeweils nur einen Querwand-Wulst enthalten, der auf gleicher Höhe mit dem Querwand-Wulst des Bambusrohres gesetzt wird, so daß das anschließende Teil des Bambusstreifens hierzu passend abgelängt wird.Since the bamboo strip will generally have its outer beads caused by the transverse wall attachment at different distances than the bamboo tube, not a single, continuous bamboo strip is used in the case of several transverse wall beads of the bamboo tube, but rather parts in the longitudinal direction, each of which has only one transverse wall. Bead included, which is placed at the same level with the transverse wall bead of the bamboo tube, so that the subsequent part of the bamboo strip is cut to length accordingly.

Anstatt den eingesetzten Streifen auf beiden Seiten mit den angrenzenden Wänden des Bambusrohres zu verbinden, kann dies auch nur auf einer Seite geschehen, um eine kleine, fast unsichtbare Fuge zurückzulassen, so daß das Bambusrohr ohne Auftreten von Spannungen auch später noch etwas arbeiten kann. Dabei müssen die Rohre später konstruktiv so eingesetzt sein, daß die belassene Fuge an einer unsichtbaren Stelle sitzt.Instead of connecting the strips on both sides to the adjacent walls of the bamboo tube, this can be done even done on one side to leave a small, almost invisible joint, so that the bamboo cane can work a little later without tension. The pipes must later be used so that the joint remains in an invisible position.

Ebenso können sowohl die ganze Fuge oder auch nur die Restfuge zwischen eingesetztem Streifen und dem ursprünglichen Bambusrohr mit einer elastischen Füllmasse wie Polyurethan oder Silikon verfüllt werden, wobei der Füllstoff oder zumindest dessen Oberfläche farblich angepaßt sein sollten.Likewise, both the entire joint or only the remaining joint between the inserted strip and the original bamboo tube can be filled with an elastic filler such as polyurethane or silicone, the filler or at least its surface should be color-matched.

Ebenso ist auch das Ausschäumen des Rohrinneren mit einem leichten Füllstoff wie etwa einem geschlossen-zelligen Schaumstoff möglich, wodurch das spezifische Gewicht nur geringfügig erhöht wird, aber aufgrund der ganzflächigen Haftung zwischen der Schaumfüllung und der Rohrinnenseite ein Zusammenziehen und auch Dehnen des Rohres im verarbeiteten Zustand stark erschwert wird. Zum Ausschäumen werden vorzugsweise die ersten und letzten Querwände, die nicht durch vollständiges Zerstören sondern Heraussägen entfernt wurden, wieder fest eingesetzt und dienen als Begrenzungswände für die Füllung des Schaumstoffes.It is also possible to foam the inside of the pipe with a light filler such as a closed-cell foam, which increases the specific weight only slightly, but due to the full-surface adhesion between the foam filling and the inside of the pipe, the pipe can contract and stretch when processed is made very difficult. For foaming, the first and last transverse walls, which were not removed by completely destroying them but sawing out, are preferably used again and serve as boundary walls for filling the foam.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, die aber keine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darstellt, besteht darin, das Bambusrohr vor dem Trocknen nicht nur an einer Mantellinie aufzuschneiden, sondern an mehreren Mantellinien, also eine Aufteilung in zwei oder mehr Segmente des Querschnittes vorzunehmen. Bei Aufteilung in zwei Segmente biegen sich die dadurch entstehenden Halbschalen in der Regel zu Formen auf, die etwa einer halben Ellipse entsprechen.Another possibility, which does not constitute an embodiment of the invention, is to cut the bamboo tube not only on one surface line before drying, but on several surface lines, that is, to split it into two or more segments of the cross section. When divided into two segments, the resulting half-shells usually bend into shapes that correspond to about half an ellipse.

Diese Halbellipsen können entweder wiederum durch zwischengesetzte Bambusstreifen miteinander verklebt und dadurch in etwa zu einem Kreisprofil im Querschnitt ergänzt werden, wobei vorzugsweise nur ein Bambusstreifen zwischengesetzt wird, während an der gegenüberliegenden Fuge die beiden Halbschalen des Bambusrohres direkt aneinander verklebt werden.These half-ellipses can either be glued to one another by interposed bamboo strips and thereby approximately complemented to a circular profile in cross-section, preferably only one bamboo strip being interposed, while the two half-shells of the bamboo tube are glued directly to one another at the opposite joint.

Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, bei nur begrenztem Aufbiegen der Halbschalen diese Halbschalen direkt miteinander zu verkleben, wobei vorher die Klebeflächen durch Fräsen oder Schleifen eine möglichst genau radiale Ausrichtung zur Mitte des Halbschalen-Profiles erhalten sollten. Dadurch ergibt sich eine gleichmäßig schmale, fast unsichtbare Klebefuge über die gesamte Tiefe der Rohrwandungs-Dicke, wobei das entstehende Rohr eine ovale Außenkontur besitzt. Durch Überschleifen, Schälen oder Hobeln des verklebten Rohrumfanges an diesen Bereichen mit dem größten Durchmesser, also im Bereich der Klebefugen, ist es teilweise möglich, einen annähernd runden Rohraußendurchmesser zu erreichen, ohne die Rohrwandungsdicke in diesem Bereich so weit zu verringern, daß die gewünschte Mindeststabilität des Rohres nicht unterschritten wird.Another possibility is to close these half-shells directly to one another with only a limited bending of the half-shells glue, whereby the adhesive surfaces should be given a precise radial alignment to the center of the half-shell profile by milling or grinding. This results in a uniformly narrow, almost invisible adhesive joint over the entire depth of the tube wall thickness, the tube being formed having an oval outer contour. By grinding, peeling or planing the glued pipe circumference in these areas with the largest diameter, i.e. in the area of the adhesive joints, it is sometimes possible to achieve an approximately round pipe outside diameter without reducing the pipe wall thickness in this area so much that the desired minimum stability of the pipe is not undercut.

Zusätzlich kann der Schwund des Bambusrohres beim Trocknen durch weitere Maßnahmen beeinflußt und minimiert werden.In addition, the shrinkage of the bamboo cane during drying can be influenced and minimized by further measures.

Dabei kann beispielsweise vor dem Trocknen und damit meist bereits vor dem Aufschneiden die Außenhaut des Bambusrohres abgeschält werden, da speziell deren Schwundverhalten sehr unterschiedlich zu den restlichen Bestandteilen des Bambusrohres ist, und nach deren Entfernen die Unterschiede des Schwundverhaltens im Inneren des Bambus-Querschnittes sehr viel geringer sind.Here, for example, the outer skin of the bamboo tube can be peeled off before drying, and therefore usually before it is cut open, since its shrinkage behavior is very different from the other components of the bamboo tube, and after their removal, the differences in the shrinkage behavior inside the bamboo cross section are very great are lower.

Weiterhin wird aus meist optischen Gründen das Bambusrohr nach dem Ergänzen und Verkleben außen geschliffen, um die unterschiedliche Oberflächenstruktur und Oberflächenfarbe zwischen Bambusstreifen und Bambusrohr zu egalisieren.Furthermore, for mostly optical reasons, the bamboo cane is ground on the outside after being added and glued in order to equalize the different surface structure and surface color between the bamboo strip and the bamboo cane.

Weiterhin ist eine chemische Vorbehandlung des Bambusrohres, und dabei vorzugsweise vor dem Trocknungsvorgang, empfehlenswert, wobei hier verschiedene Zielrichtungen zu unterscheiden sind:Furthermore, chemical pretreatment of the bamboo cane is recommended, preferably before the drying process, whereby there are different objectives:

Einerseits kann versucht werden, das im Rohzustand des Bambus in den Zellen vorhandene Wasser teilweise oder ganz durch schwerflüchtige Chemikalien zu ersetzen, so daß beim anschließenden Trocknungsvorgang ein Großteil dieser Chemikalien in den Zellen des Bambusrohres verbleibt und damit der mechanische Schwund sehr viel geringer wird.On the one hand, an attempt can be made to replace the water present in the raw state of the bamboo in the cells in part or in whole with low-volatility chemicals, so that a large part of these chemicals is used in the subsequent drying process remains in the cells of the bamboo cane and thus the mechanical shrinkage is much lower.

Hierfür kommen Polyethylenglykol mit Molekulargewichten von 600, 1000 oder 1.500 sowie Harnstoff oder Sorbitol in Betracht, die jeweils in wässriger Lösung eingesetzt werden.For this purpose, polyethylene glycol with molecular weights of 600, 1000 or 1500 as well as urea or sorbitol come into consideration, which are each used in aqueous solution.

Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das Wasser im Inneren der Wasser-Zellen durch Chemikalien zu ersetzen, die selbst stark hygroskopisch sind, und damit das im Bambus natürlich vorhandene oder durch die Luftfeuchtigkeit eingebrachte Wasser zu halten anstatt es bei der Trocknung verdunsten zu lassen. Hierfür kommen Borax, Soda, Borsäure sowie deren Mischungen jeweils als wässrige Lösung in Betacht.Another possibility is to replace the water inside the water cells with chemicals that are themselves highly hygroscopic, and thus to keep the water that is naturally present in the bamboo or brought in by the air humidity instead of letting it evaporate during drying. Borax, soda, boric acid and their mixtures are each considered as an aqueous solution.

Unabhängig davon, ob der Bambus mit derartigen schwer verdunstenten Chemikalien oder hygroskopischen Chemikalien getränkt wird, was meist in Tauchbädern und nach Entfernen der Querwände und nach dem Aufschneiden geschieht, sollte der Bambus jedenfalls gegen Insektenbefall mit einer 1 bis 2%igen Lösung von Borsäure in Wasser vorbehandelt werden, wobei vorzugsweise diese Lösung durch weitere Zugabe von Soda auf einen PH-Wert von etwa 8 gebracht wird, wodurch zusätzlich das Risiko des Schimmelbefalls verringert wird. Diese Stoffe können im Falle des Einsatzes schwer flüchtiger bzw. hygroskopischer Chemikalien diesen bereits zugemischt werden, so daß nur ein einziges Tauchbad notwendig wird, welchem der Bambus meist über mehrere, beispielsweise fünf, Tage verbleibt, und dabei vorzugsweise bei einer Badtemperatur von etwa 45° C und Umgebungsdruck, da dies bei geringstem Aufwand dennoch ein ausreichendes Ergebnis erbringt. Die Erhöhung des Druckes im Tauchbad reduziert die Verweilzeit.Regardless of whether the bamboo is soaked with such difficult-to-evaporate chemicals or hygroscopic chemicals, which usually happens in immersion baths and after removing the transverse walls and after cutting open, the bamboo should in any case against insect infestation with a 1 to 2% solution of boric acid in water are pretreated, this solution preferably being brought to a pH of about 8 by further addition of soda, which additionally reduces the risk of mold growth. In the case of the use of difficultly volatile or hygroscopic chemicals, these substances can already be admixed with them, so that only a single immersion bath is necessary, to which the bamboo usually remains for several, for example five, days, and preferably at a bath temperature of approximately 45 ° C and ambient pressure, since this still produces a sufficient result with the least effort. Increasing the pressure in the immersion bath reduces the dwell time.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die aber keine Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung darstellt, den ungleichmäßigen Schwund des Bambusrohres zu verringern oder gar zu vermeiden, stellt die Beeinflussung des Trocknungsvorganges selbst dar. Dies verringert die Spaltbildung bei den oben beschriebenen, aufgeschnittenen Bambusrohren, und kann im Extremfall so exakt funktionieren, daß überhaupt kein Aufschneiden des Bambusrohres entlang der Mantelfläche mehr notwendig ist.Another possibility, but not an embodiment of the present invention, of reducing or even avoiding the uneven shrinkage of the bamboo tube is to influence the drying process itself. This reduces the gap formation in the cut bamboo tubes described above, and in extreme cases can work exactly that it is no longer necessary to cut the bamboo cane along the outer surface.

Vorteilhaft ist dagegen immer das Durchbohren oder besser vollständige Entfernen der inneren Querwände des Bambus.On the other hand, it is always advantageous to drill through or better completely remove the inner transverse walls of the bamboo.

Der Trocknungsvorgang sollte vorzugsweise bereits dadurch beeinflußt werden, daß nur wenigstens fünf Jahre alte Bambusrohre, die auf relativ kargen Böden gewachsen sind und möglichst in der Trockenzeit geerntet wurden, Verwendung finden. Bei diesen Bambusrohren ist bereits der Zellwandanteil gegenüber dem gespeicherten Wasseranteil höher und damit der Schwundunterschied zwischen den innen liegenden Zellen mit großen inneren Freiräumen und den außen liegenden Zellstrukturen mit geringen Einlagerungsmöglichkeiten weniger groß.The drying process should preferably already be influenced by the fact that only bamboo tubes that are at least five years old and that have grown on relatively poor soils and were harvested as far as possible during the drying season are used. With these bamboo tubes, the cell wall portion is already higher compared to the stored water portion and thus the shrinkage difference between the inside cells with large inner free spaces and the outside cell structures with little storage possibilities is less big.

Wird das Aufschneiden der Bambusrohre nach der Erfindung eingesetzt, so empfiehlt es sich, vor dem Aufschneiden die Bambusrohre durch langsame Lufttrocknung, ohne direkte Sonnen-Einstrahlung, von den ursprünglich etwa 50 bis 100% Feuchtegehalt auf etwa 17% Feuchtegehalt, den Fasersättigungsgrad, herunterzutrocknen, da hierdurch nicht nur der Schnittvorgang selbst leichter zu bewerkstelligen ist, sondern vor allem bereits ein Teil des Schwundes innerhalb des Bambusrohres stattgefunden hat und durch den später, beim Weitertrocknen auf die beabsichtigten 8 bis 10 % Restfeuchte, zwar eine Erweiterung des erzeugten Spaltes auftreten wird, aber mit einer relativ gleichmäßigen Form entlang der Länge des Spaltes, so daß eine starke Deformierung des Spaltes, die für das anschließende saubere Verschließen nachteilig ist, vermieden wird.
Weiterhin ist die gezielt unterschiedliche Trocknung des Bambusrohres in dessen Innerem gegenüber der Außenfläche vorteilhaft. Nach dem Durchbohren und Entfernen der Querwände kann bei geschlossenem Rohrquerschnitt der Innenraum durch hindurchgeleitete trockene Warmluft gezielt stärker getrocknet werden als die Außenfläche, wodurch die ansonsten vorhandene unterschiedliche Schwundgeschwindigkeit zwischen Innenbereichen und Außenbereichen verringert oder gar ganz kompensiert werden kann.
If the cutting of the bamboo tubes according to the invention is used, it is advisable to dry the bamboo tubes by slowly drying the air, without direct sunlight, from the originally about 50 to 100% moisture content to about 17% moisture content, the degree of fiber saturation, before cutting. since this not only makes the cutting process easier to accomplish, but above all a part of the shrinkage has already taken place within the bamboo tube and through which later, while drying to the intended 8 to 10% residual moisture, an expansion of the gap produced will occur, but with a relatively uniform shape along the length of the gap, so that a strong deformation of the gap, which is disadvantageous for the subsequent clean sealing, is avoided.
Furthermore, the deliberately different drying of the bamboo tube in its interior is advantageous compared to the outer surface. After drilling through and removing the transverse walls, the interior can be specifically dried more than the outer surface by passing dry warm air through, with the tube cross section closed, which can reduce or even compensate for the otherwise different rate of shrinkage between interior and exterior areas.

Da diese Unterschiede bei jedem Rohr individuell anders sind, kann eine exakte Steuerung dieser Innentrocknung optimal nur mit zusätzlicher Sensorik betrieben werden, indem beispielsweise auf der Innenwandung des Rohres sowie auf der Außenwandung jeweils Sensoren zur permanenten Spannungsmessung und/oder Feuchtemessung während des Trocknungsvorganges vorhanden sind und dadurch gezielt den Temperatur- sowie Feuchtigkeitsunterschied der Luft außerhalb des Bambusrohres gegenüber der Luft innerhalb des Bambusrohres, sowie eventuell dessen Strömungs-Geschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Meßergebnisse steuern.Since these differences are different for each tube, precise control of this internal drying can only be optimally operated with additional sensors, for example, sensors for permanent tension measurement and / or moisture measurement are available on the inner wall of the tube and on the outer wall, and thereby specifically control the temperature and humidity difference of the air outside the bamboo tube compared to the air inside the bamboo tube, as well as possibly its flow speed depending on the measurement results.

Möglich wäre dabei auch der kombinierte Einsatz dieser Innentrocknung mit dem Aufschneiden des Bambusrohres entlang einer Mantelfläche, indem dieser Spalt für den Innentrocknungs-Vorgang durch einen außen oder innen am Spalt anliegenden Gummiwulst etc. verschlossen wird, und die für die Innentrocknung maßgeblichen, oben genannten Faktoren nicht aufgrund von Spannungsmessung im Bambusrohr gesteuert werden, sondern aufgrund der meßbaren Veränderung der Spaltbreite.It would also be possible to combine this internal drying with the cutting of the bamboo cane along a lateral surface, by closing this gap for the internal drying process with a rubber bead etc. lying on the outside or inside of the gap, and the above-mentioned factors relevant for the internal drying not be controlled based on voltage measurement in the bamboo cane, but based on the measurable change in the gap width.

Dadurch kann im optimalen Fall der Trocknungsvorgang so durchlaufen werden, daß sich am Ende des Trocknungsvorganges der Spalt vollständig oder zumindest soweit geschlossen hat, daß das Einsetzen eines Bambusstreifens nicht mehr notwendig ist, sondern das Verkleben des Spaltes bereits ausreicht. Dasdurch wird der Arbeitsaufwand deutlich verringert. Diese Art der Trocknung und die folgenden Erwägungen stellen keine Ausführungs art der Erfindung dar.As a result, the drying process can be carried out in the optimal case so that at the end of the drying process the gap has closed completely or at least to the extent that the insertion of a bamboo strip is no longer necessary, but the gap is already glued together. This significantly reduces the amount of work. This type of drying and the following considerations do not constitute an embodiment of the invention.

Grundsätzlich kann dabei anstelle des Aufschneidens des Bambusrohres auch eine andere Art der mechanischen Spannungsentlastung eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise das Einbringen einer Vielzahl von Bohrungen entlang einer Mantellinie des Bambusrohres, die nach Beenden des Trocknungsvorganges durch entsprechende Stöpsel aus Bambusholz wieder verschlossen werden.Basically, instead of cutting the bamboo cane, another type of mechanical stress relief can be used, for example, the introduction of a large number of holes along a surface line of the bamboo cane, which are closed again by appropriate plugs made of bamboo wood after the drying process has ended.

Da bei dem Herstellen und Einsetzen solcher Stöpsel die Problematik der Außenwandkrümmung sowie der auftretenden Querwand-Außenwülste nicht auftritt, kann dieser Verschlußvorgang schneller vollzogen werden als das Einsetzen eines vielteiligen Bambusstreifens.Because in the manufacture and insertion of such plugs the problem of the outer wall curvature as well as the problems that arise Cross wall outer beads does not occur, this locking process can be carried out faster than inserting a multi-part bamboo strip.

Eine Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung ist anhand der Figuren beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen aufgeschnittenen Bambusquerschnitt vor der Trocknung,
Fig. 2
einen Bambusquerschnitt nach der Trocknung,
Fig. 3
eine Detaildarstellung des entstandenen Spaltes mit eingesetztem Bambusstreifen,
Fig. 4
eine Längsdarstellung eines fertig bearbeiteten Bambusrohres und
Fig. 5
eine Längsdarstellung eines mit Bohrungen bearbeiteten Bambusrohres.
An embodiment according to the invention is explained in more detail by way of example using the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a cut bamboo cross section before drying,
Fig. 2
a bamboo cross section after drying,
Fig. 3
a detailed representation of the resulting gap with inserted bamboo strips,
Fig. 4
a longitudinal representation of a finished bamboo tube and
Fig. 5
a longitudinal representation of a bamboo tube machined with holes.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Bambusrohr 1 im Querschnitt, bei dem die Querwand 5 weitestgehend entfernt ist und das Bambusrohr 1 entlang einer Mantellinie aufgeschnitten wurde, wodurch ein Längsspalt 2 entstand.Fig. 1 shows a bamboo tube 1 in cross section, in which the transverse wall 5 is largely removed and the bamboo tube 1 was cut along a surface line, whereby a longitudinal gap 2 was created.

Dabei sind aufgrund des Schneidevorganges, der mit einer Kreissäge oder ähnlichem vollzogen wurde, die Seitenwände des Längsspaltes 2 parallel zueinander und im wesentlichen radial verlaufend.Due to the cutting process, which was carried out with a circular saw or the like, the side walls of the longitudinal gap 2 are parallel to one another and run essentially radially.

Fig. 2 zeigt das Bambusrohr gemäß Fig. 1 nach dem Trocknungsvorgang, wodurch sich das Bambusrohr 1 längs seines Umfanges etwas zusammengezogen hat und dadurch der Längsspalt 2 deutlich breiter wurde. Dabei kann u.U. der Außendurchmesser des Bambusrohres 1 gegenüber dem Zustand vor der Trocknung sogar etwas größer werden.FIG. 2 shows the bamboo tube according to FIG. 1 after the drying process, as a result of which the bamboo tube 1 has contracted somewhat along its circumference and as a result the longitudinal gap 2 has become significantly wider. The outer diameter of the bamboo tube 1 may even become somewhat larger compared to the state before drying.

Die Seitenwände 14 des Längsspaltes 2 stehen dabei nach wie vor im wesentlichen radial zur Längsachse 15 des Bambusrohres.The side walls 14 of the longitudinal gap 2 are still essentially radial to the longitudinal axis 15 of the bamboo tube.

Wie der gleichmäßig kreisförmige Außenumfang der Rohre, zumindest vor der Trocknung gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt, wurde die Außenhaut 13 des Bambusrohres geschält um einerseits ein gleichmäßigeres Aussehen zu erzielen und andererseits den sonst vorhandenen starken Schrumpfungsunterschied zwischen natürlicher Außenhaut 13 und Innenhaut 12 des Bambusrohres zu verringern.As the uniformly circular outer circumference of the tubes shows, at least before the drying according to FIG. 1, the outer skin 13 of the bamboo tube was peeled in order to achieve a more uniform appearance on the one hand and on the other hand to reduce the otherwise significant difference in shrinkage between the natural outer skin 13 and the inner skin 12 of the bamboo tube .

Fig. 3 zeigt in einer Detaildarstellung den in den vergrößerten Längsspalt 2 eingesetzten Bambusstreifen 3.3 shows a detailed illustration of the bamboo strip 3 inserted into the enlarged longitudinal gap 2.

Dabei ist zu erkennen, daß der Längsspalt 2 nicht nur verbreitert wurde, sondern auch die Ausrichtung dessen Seitenwände 14 durch das Fräsen, durch welches in der Regel die Verbreiterung vorgenommen wird, auch in ihrer Winkelstellung anders gewählt sind. Die Seitenwand 14 des Bambusrohres 1 ist - wie in der linken Bildhäfte der Fig. 3 zu erkennen - nicht mehr radial verlaufend, sondern von innen nach außen den Längsspalt 2 verjüngend schräg angeordnet. Die gegenüberliegende Klebefläche 4 des Bambusrohres 1 ist ebenfalls noch in dieser Richtung schräg angeordnet, jedoch mit einer geringeren Neigung, so daß eine Klebefuge 6 entsteht, die innen breiter als außen ist und dadurch außen praktisch unsichtbar wird.It can be seen that the longitudinal gap 2 was not only widened, but also the orientation of its side walls 14 by milling, through which the widening is generally carried out, are also chosen differently in their angular position. The side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1 is - as can be seen in the left figure of FIG. 3 - no longer radially, but from the inside to the outside the longitudinal gap 2 tapering obliquely. The opposite adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo tube 1 is also arranged obliquely in this direction, but with a lower inclination, so that an adhesive joint 6 is formed, which is wider inside than outside and thereby practically invisible on the outside.

In der rechten Bildhälfte der Fig. 3 ist die Klebefläche 4 des Bambusstreifens 3 und auch die Klebefläche 4' des Bambusrohres 1 jeweils aneinander angepaßt winklig ausgebildet, wobei die Klebefläche 4' des Bambusrohres 1 konkav geformt ist und eine im Querschnitt winklige Einbuchtung in der Seitenwand 14 des Bambusrohres 1 darstellt. In diese gewinkelte Nut greift eine entsprechend konvexe Gegenkontur des Bambusstreifens 3 ein und wird dort formschlüssig durch die Spannung des Bambusrohres 1 gehalten, bis der Kleber abbindet.In the right half of Fig. 3, the adhesive surface 4 of the bamboo strip 3 and also the adhesive surface 4 'of the bamboo tube 1 are each adapted to each other, angled, the adhesive surface 4' of the bamboo tube 1 is concave and an indentation in cross-section indentation in the side wall 14 of the bamboo tube 1. A correspondingly convex counter-contour of the bamboo strip 3 engages in this angled groove and is held there in a form-fitting manner by the tension of the bamboo tube 1 until the adhesive sets.

In Fig. 3 sind ferner auf beiden Seiten Dübel 16 zu erkennen, die - in Längsrichtung des Bambusstreifens 3 versetzt - abwechselnd eingebracht sind. Die Dübel 16 verlaufen dabei von der Oberfläche des Bambusrohres in einem Abstand von etwa 5 bis 15 mm neben den Seitenwänden 14 schräg nach innen quer über die Klebefuge 6 hinweg und erreichen die Innenseite des Bambusstreifens 3 etwa in dessen Mitte.In Fig. 3 can be seen on both sides dowels 16, which - offset in the longitudinal direction of the bamboo strip 3 - alternately are introduced. The dowels 16 run from the surface of the bamboo tube at a distance of about 5 to 15 mm next to the side walls 14 obliquely inwards across the adhesive joint 6 and reach the inside of the bamboo strip 3 approximately in the middle thereof.

Die Dübel bestehen selbst aus Bambusholz und haben einen Durchmesser von etwa 3 bis 5 mm.The dowels are made of bamboo wood and have a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm.

In den Fig. 4 und 5 ist eine perspektivische Ansicht jeweils eines ganzen Bambusrohres mit mehreren Querwandansätzen 8 dargestellt.4 and 5, a perspective view of an entire bamboo tube with a plurality of transverse wall approaches 8 is shown.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein fertiges Bambusrohr 1 mit einem aus mehreren Teilen 7 bestehenden, in den Längsspalt 2 eingesetzten Bambusstreifen 3, wobei die Klebefugen zwar in der zeichnerischen Darstellung sichtbar sind, jedoch in der Praxis nach Verschleifen der Oberfläche so gut wie unsichtbar sind.Fig. 4 shows a finished bamboo tube 1 with a bamboo strip 3 consisting of several parts 7, inserted in the longitudinal gap 2, the adhesive joints are visible in the drawing, but are practically invisible in practice after sanding the surface.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Möglichkeit, die keine Ausführungs art der Erfindung darstellt, ein Bambusrohr 1 entlang einer seiner Mantellinien mit einer Vielzahl von Bohrungen 9 auszustatten, die ebenfalls Spannungen bei der Trocknung kompensieren können und nach Abschluß der Trocknung durch entsprechende aus Bambus bestehende Stöpsel 10 verschlossen werden, bei denen natürlich auf gleiche Faserrichtung wie beim umgebenden Bambusmaterial geachtet wird. Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Bohrungen sollte dabei etwan doppelt so groß sein wie der Durchmesser der Bohrungen.Fig. 5 shows a possibility, which is not an embodiment of the invention, to equip a bamboo tube 1 along one of its surface lines with a plurality of holes 9, which can also compensate for stresses during drying and after completion of drying by appropriate plugs made of bamboo 10th be closed, where of course attention is paid to the same grain direction as the surrounding bamboo material. The space between the holes should be about twice as large as the diameter of the holes.

Was die Anordnung und Gestaltung der Seitenwände der Bohrungen 9 betrifft, gilt das für den Bambusstreifen 3 Gesagte analog, wobei jedoch auf eine zusätzliche mechanische Fixierung mit Dübeln, Klammern, Nägeln oder Schrauben verzichtet werden kann.As far as the arrangement and design of the side walls of the bores 9 are concerned, the same applies to the bamboo strip 3, although an additional mechanical fixation with dowels, clamps, nails or screws can be dispensed with.

Claims (16)

  1. Method for preventing splitting when drying out bamboo canes,
    characterised in that
    - a longitudinal cut is made in the longitudinal direction along the entire length of a bamboo cane (1),
    - the bamboo cane (1) is dried out, until the desired degree of residual moisture content is reached and
    - when a resulting longitudinal slit (2) has dried out, it is closed up by a process of inserting and bonding along its entire length a strip of a matching, multi-part material (3).
  2. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the strip of material is inserted but only one side of a cut surface of the bamboo cane (3) is secured.
  3. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that after it has dried and before the bamboo strip (3) is inserted, the longitudinal slit (2) is milled out to the correct size and shape.
  4. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    in addition to the bonding, the bamboo strip (3) is mechanically joined to the bamboo cane (1) by means of clamps, screws or dowels transversal to the bonding surface (4).
  5. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transversal walls (5) are removed as far as is possible before the drying process is started.
  6. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the bonding surfaces of the bamboo strip (3) and the bamboo cane (1) are bevelled so as to form slightly wedge-shaped, inwardly open bonding joints (6).
  7. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the bamboo cane (1) is chemically treated before the drying process.
  8. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the bamboo strip (3) consists of several parts (7) in the longitudinal direction and each part (7) of the bamboo strip (3) has at least one transversal wall ridge (8).
  9. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the bamboo cane is of at least four years' growth.
  10. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    after the transversal walls (5) have been opened and before it is cut up, the bamboo cane (1) is pre-treated with a 1 to 2% aqueous solution of boric acid, which is adjusted to a pH value of 8 by the further addition of soda.
  11. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the bamboo cane (1) is provided with a breaking point in the form of a longitudinal groove on the interior face of the cane.
  12. Method as claimed in claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the longitudinal groove is arranged in the interior face of the cane.
  13. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the interior of the bamboo cane is filled with a self-hardening foam of as low a weight as possible.
  14. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    - in a first drying stage, the bamboo cane is left standing upright in the open air to dry out for several weeks until the fibre has reached saturation point,
    - in a second drying stage, the bamboo cane
    - is then dried out for several days in a drying chamber at a temperature rising to 60°C and a relative humidity decreasing to a level of 35% relative humidity until the moisture content is reached at which the bamboo cane would be in equilibrium in the location in which it is to be subsequently used,
    - after several days, a process of acclimatization is carried out at the temperature and humidity of the intended location of use.
  15. Method as claimed in claim 14,
    characterised in that
    the final processing of the bamboo cane, consisting of closing off the longitudinal slit and processing the bamboo cane to produce the end product, takes place during the acclimatization phase and the bamboo cane is acclimatised for at least 12 hours per day in the acclimatization phase.
  16. Method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    whilst undergoing drying in the drying oven, the change in width of the longitudinal slit is monitored and, if contraction is close to zero, a mechanical widening process is undertaken by cutting, sawing or milling, and the bamboo cane is removed from the treatment process after two subsequent expansions of around 4 mm each.
EP94100231A 1993-01-12 1994-01-10 Method for avoiding cracking of bamboo (mechanical) Expired - Lifetime EP0607829B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4300557A DE4300557C2 (en) 1993-01-12 1993-01-12 Process for the production of crack-free, dried bamboo tubes
DE4300557 1993-01-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0607829A1 EP0607829A1 (en) 1994-07-27
EP0607829B1 true EP0607829B1 (en) 1996-12-11

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Country Link
US (1) US5433805A (en)
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JP (1) JP2634023B2 (en)
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EP0607829A1 (en) 1994-07-27
CN1097673A (en) 1995-01-25
CA2112963A1 (en) 1994-07-13
AU5315394A (en) 1994-07-21
CA2112963C (en) 1998-06-09
US5433805A (en) 1995-07-18
MY110386A (en) 1998-04-30
JP2634023B2 (en) 1997-07-23
DE4300557A1 (en) 1994-07-14
PH30171A (en) 1997-01-21
CN1056553C (en) 2000-09-20
DE4300557C2 (en) 1995-11-30
DE59401215D1 (en) 1997-01-23
AU665476B2 (en) 1996-01-04
JPH0740309A (en) 1995-02-10
ES2097554T3 (en) 1997-04-01

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