EP0146354B2 - Recombinant gamma interferons and pharmaceutical compositions containing them - Google Patents
Recombinant gamma interferons and pharmaceutical compositions containing them Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0146354B2 EP0146354B2 EP84308710A EP84308710A EP0146354B2 EP 0146354 B2 EP0146354 B2 EP 0146354B2 EP 84308710 A EP84308710 A EP 84308710A EP 84308710 A EP84308710 A EP 84308710A EP 0146354 B2 EP0146354 B2 EP 0146354B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polypeptide
- gamma interferon
- amino acid
- sequence
- gamma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- C07K14/555—Interferons [IFN]
- C07K14/57—IFN-gamma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/811—Interferon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S930/00—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/01—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/14—Lymphokine; related peptides
- Y10S930/142—Interferon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S930/00—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/01—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/30—Signal or leader sequence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of recombinant DNA technology, to means and methods utilizing such technology in the preparation of recombinant gamma interferons having enhanced stability, to their production and to the various products of such production and their uses.
- This application is related to GB 2107718.
- Human interferons can be classified in three groups on the basis of different antigenicity and biological and biochemical properties.
- the first group comprises a family of leukocyte interferons which are normally produced mainly by constituent cells of human blood upon viral induction. These have been microbially produced and found to be biologically active (1,2,3). Their biological properties have prompted their use in the clinic as therapeutic agents for the treatment of viral infections and malignant conditions (4).
- human fibroblast interferon normally produced by fibroblasts upon viral induction, which has likewise been microbially produced and found to exhibit a wide range of biological activities (5). Clinical trials also indicate its potential therapeutical value.
- the leukocyte and fibroblast interferons exhibit very clear similarities in their biological properties despite the fact that the degree of homology at the amino acid level is relatively low. Both groups of interferons contain from about 165 to about 166 amino acids and are acid stable proteins.
- Human gamma interferon (also variously referred to as immune interferon, ⁇ -interferon, IIF or IFN- ⁇ ) exhibits the antiviral and anti-proliferative properties characteristic of the interferons but, in contrast to leukocyte and fibroblast interferons, is pH 2 labile. Prior to the production of gamma interferons via recombinant DNA technology, it had been produced mainly upon mitogenic induction of lymphocytes. Human gamma interferon is clearly antigenically distinct from the leukocyte and fibroblast interferons.
- Gray, Goeddel and co-workers were the first to report expression of a recombinant gamma interferon (6), which has proven to exhibit the characteristic properties of human gamma interferon, i.e., anti-viral and anti-proliferative activity coupled with pH 2 lability.
- the recombinant gamma interferon of Gray and Goeddel, as produced in E. coli consisted of 146 amino acids, the N-terminal portion of the molecule commencing with the sequence CYS-TYR-CYS-.
- Alton et a l (17) report on a series of IFN-gammas wherein a single amino acid substitution at position 81 of the Gray et al (6) gamma interferon resulted in an IFN-gamma that retained only 70 percent of the activity (on a relative basis) and wherein an additional deletion of the cys-tyr-cys at positions 1, 2, 3 of this IFN-gamma further reduced relative activity resulting in an IFN-gamma having only 49 percent of the Gray et al (6) gamma interferon.
- the present invention provides gamma interferon polypeptides modified at the N-terminal and/or C-terminal regions with respect to the sequence disclosed in Gray et al, supra, by in one aspect providing a gamma interferon polypeptide consisting of amino acid sequence, extending from the N-terminus : wherein: X is a methionine residue, Y is a glutamine residue and Z consists of n ammo acids in the sequence 127-143 depicted in Fig.
- compositions comprising such gamma interferon polypeptides.
- Z may be part of the sequence starting with Gly 127, or it may be part or all of said sequence in the case where X is a methionine residue.
- the invention also provides corresponding expression vectors capable of producing such interferon polypeptides, and transformants useful in the production through recombinant DNA technology of the interferon polypeptides of the invention.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention exhibit greatly improved stability and activity relative to those previously described in the literature.
- native human gamma interferon i.e., that arising from mitogen induction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and subsequent purification
- native human gamma interferon is a polypeptide which lacks the CYS-TYR-CYS- N-terminus assigned by Gray et al. to the recombinant gamma interferon whose sequence is depicted in (6).
- Tryptic digests of highly purified native gamma interferon in our hands included sequences whose amino acid composition generally corresponded to that of the N-terminal portion of the Gray et al. recombinant gamma interferon of (6), less CYS-TYR-CYS.
- the CYS-TYR-CYS- containing recombinant gamma interferon earlier reported by Gray and co-workers benefited from formulation with human serum albumin in aid of stabilization.
- the presence of serum albumin in the final lyophilized product requires that certain quality control steps be performed in advance of lyophilization rather than upon finished product.
- the material in lyophilized form has proven to be sufficiently stable without the inclusion of serum albumin.
- the gamma interferons of the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable levels of human serum albumin.
- the CYS-TYR-CYS- lacking recombinant human gamma interferons of the invention appear in cytopathic effect inhibition testing to be markedly more active as antiviral agents than their CYS-TYR-CYS- containing analogs.
- the activity is conventionally assayed in microtiter plates by inhibition of the cytopathic effect (CPE) of encephalomyocarditis virus on human lung carcinoma cells A549. See (12).
- the recombinant gamma interferons of the invention include all those comprising amino acids 1 to about 126 of the full sequence provided above.
- Gamma interferons variously truncated at the carboxy terminal end relative to the full sequence continue to exhibit the characteristic properties of human gamma interferon, albeit at diminished levels in some cases, so long as amino acids 1 to about 126 are present.
- experiments with the CYS-TYR-CYS- containing analog reported at (7) showed that extraneous sequences could be substituted for the amino acid sequence following amino acid 132 (by the present numbering system) without loss of activity. See, e.g., (8).
- Recombinant derived gamma interferon in addition to its bearing an initial methionine when produced in hosts where the methionine is not intracellularly cleaved, appears to exhibit a major species having 139 amino acids (based on the numbering system of Figure 1) and a minor species having 143 amino acids.
- the composition of the two species contains greater than about 95 percent, most preferably greater than about 97 percent of the species having 139 amino acids. Trypsin digestion under limiting conditions likewise removes various portions of the sequence downstream from about amino acid 126.
- Recombinant gamma interferon in our hands following such limiting trypsin digestion include species variously extending through amino acids 125, (126 with an initial methionine) 129, 131 and 134.
- Species having at least about 129 amino acids, and especially at least about 131 amino acids, i.e., species having from about 129 to 143 amino acids are essentially functionally fully active.
- recombinant gamma interferon herein we intend a polypeptide (whether or not glycosylated by the cell in which it is produced) expressed in a transformant cell from a replicable expression vehicle arising from recombinant DNA technology, the polypeptide exhibiting in greater or less degree the antiviral and antiproliferative activity in humans and pH 2 labile properties characteristic of native human gamma interferon.
- the recombinant gamma interferons as claimed are believed to form "dimers", defined for the purpose of this disclosure as a combination of two such polypeptides (which polypeptides may have the same or a different number of amino acids).
- the nature of the chemical combining mechanism is not fully understood, but is believed to be other than covalent bonding. This combination into dimers appears to occur spontaneously and is believed to be inevitable in the systems described herein.
- the recombinant gamma interferons of the present invention when administered, they will usually be in the dimerized form.
- purified recombinant gamma interferons will be essentially free of other proteins of human origin, and are so to be distinguished from the native human gamma interferon compositions heretofore available.
- the invention includes recombinant gamma interferon compositions which (prior to formulation) are greater than about 95 percent pure, preferably more than about 98 percent pure, which compositions are for that reason likewise distinct from native gamma interferons heretofore available.
- Embodiments of the invention as claimed in which the N-terminal amino acid residue is methionyl are likewise distinct from gamma interferons produced within the human body, and appear also for that reason to be distinct, beyond their deletion of CYS-TYR-CYS-, from those whose sequence is reported by Gray et al . (6).
- the replicable expression vehicles referred to herein are double- stranded DNA moieties, preferably plasmids, comprising an origin of replication, a promoter or promoter-operator, a sequence encoding a ribosome binding site, a codon for a translation start signal, and in proper reading phase therewith a gene encoding the recombinant gamma interferon of interest, followed by codon(s) for a translation stop.
- the general techniques and lexicography of recombinant DNA technology are well understood to the art-skilled, who are referred in any event to (11) for background information pertinent to the practice of the present invention, mutatis mutandis, in all its embodiments and legally cognizable equivalents.
- Recombinant DNA clones containing gamma interferon cDNA sequences were prepared as described in (6) and in the aforementioned GB 2107718 with messenger RNA from induced human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
- the DNA sequence of clone p67 is shown in Figure 1.
- a 5' untranslated region is followed by 69 nucleotides encoding a precursor or signal peptide of 23 amino acids, 429 nucleotides coding for a mature interferon polypeptide of 143 amino acids, and 587 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence.
- An Avall restriction site located at codon 2 of the presumed mature coding sequence was utilized to remove the signal peptide coding region.
- Two synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides were designed which restore the codons for amino acids 1 and 2, incorporate an ATG translational initiation codon, and create an XBaI cohesive terminus. These two oligomers were ligated to the remainder of the cDNA insert to construct a 1063 base-pair synthetic-natural hybrid gene coding for a polypeptide of 144 amino acids and bounded by XBaI and PstI sites. This gene was inserted into the plasmid pLeIF A25 (10) between the XBaI and PstI sites to give the expression plasmid p ⁇ -CYC5.
- E. col strain W3110 (F -, ⁇ -, protrophic) was transformed with this plasmid to give the host-vector combination E . coli W#110/p ⁇ -CYC5.
- Confluent monolayers of COS-7 cells in 60 mm petri dishes were transfected in duplicate with DNA using the modified DEAE-dextran procedure. Three days after DNA addition, the media was removed. Each set of plates received 2 mls DMEM supplemented with either 100 ⁇ Ci S 35 -methionine or S 35 -cysteine. After 16 hours incubation in the presence of the radiolabeled amino acid, the media was removed and 500 ⁇ l immunoprecipitated using an anti-gamma-interferon monoclonal antibody or an anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibody as the first antibody and a rabbit anti-mouse IgG antibody (Cappell Inc.) as the second antibody.
- Plasmids used in this study were pSVgamma69 (11); pDL RI (19), a hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression vector upon which pSVgamma69 was based; and pDL Rlgamma Sau, a polycistronic plasmid containing the 830 bp SAU3a fragment of pSVgamma69 (11) spanning the entire gamma-interferon encoding sequences inserted into the EcoRI site of pDL RI. The latter plasmid produces a transcript containing both the gamma-interferon and the HBsAg coding regions.
- the production of recombinant Human Interferon - Gamma (rIFN- ⁇ ) using E . coli W3110/p ⁇ - CYC5 is carried out in batches ranging in volume from 10 to 1000 liters. After fermentation, the interferon containg E . coli cells are recovered from the broth for isolation and purification of rIFN- ⁇ . The following is a description of the fermentation and cell recovery processes.
- a stock culture is prepared in sterile baffled culture flasks containing 150 to 500 mL of a sterile medium having the following composition.
- the inoculum is prepared in the medium previously described (L.B. Broth) in either shaker flasks or small fermenters. After incubation at about 37°C for approximately 8 hours, the inoculum is transferred to a fermenter. The volume of the inoculum is between 2 to 10 percent of the volume of the fermentation.
- Recombinant Interferon - Gamma production is carried out in fermenters with working volume of about 10 to 1000 liters.
- the fermentation medium is composed of: Per liter Glucose 50-100 g Ammonium Sulfate 4.0-8.0 g Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic 3.0-5.0 g Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic 5.0-8.0 g Magnesium Sulfate, Heptahydrate 0.5-5.1 g Sodium Citrate, Dihydrate 0.5-2.0 g UCON LB-625 0.5-2.0 mL Ferric Chloride, Hexahydrate 0.005-0.15 g Zinc Sulfate, Heptahydrate 0.001-0.15 g Cobalt Chloride, Hexahydrate 0.001-0.005 g Sodium Molybdate, Dihydrate 0.001-0.005 g Cupric Sulfate, Pentahydrate 0.001-0.005 g Boric Acid 0.001-0.005 g Manganese Sulfate, Monohydrate
- Ingredients in the medium are sterilized by heat treatment or filtration prior to use in fermentation.
- the fermentation is carried out at 25-40°C Other operating conditions are as follows: Agitation (rpm) 100-1000 Aeration (wm) 0.5-1.5 (Supplemented with oxygen when necessary) pH 6.5-7.5 (Controlled by the addition of ammonium hydroxide)
- E . coli cells are suspended in a medium which contains salts and an appropriate buffer in the pH range of 6 to 9, preferably about 9.
- Recombinant gamma interferon is extracted by homogenization of the cell suspension in a high pressure colloid mill such as a Gaulin mill.
- Sufficient polyethyleneimine is added to the solution to produce a 0.1 to 1% W/V solution.
- the supernatant contains gamma interferon.
- the supernatant from part (a) is adsorbed to a silica based adsorbant which is washed to remove impurities with appropriate salt solutions in the pH range of 6 to 9.
- Recombinant gamma interferon is eluted using a solution containing 0.5 - 1.0 M tetramethyl ammonium chloride. All operations in this step are performed in the pH range of 7 to 9.
- the eluent from part (b) is dialysed and adsorbed to an anion exchange chromatography medium which is then washed to remove impurities. Recombinant gamma interferon is eluted with a gradient of increasing salt.
- Typical anion exchange resins applicable for this step include carboxymethyl cellulose and sulphoethyl cellulose. All operations are performed in the pH range of between 7 and 9.
- the eluent from part (c) is adsorbed to a medium of calcium phosphate which is then washed to remove impurities.
- the recombinant gamma interferon is eluted by increasing the salt concentration in a gradient of increasing phosphate concentration. All operations in this step are performed in the pH range of between 7 and 9.
- the eluent from part (d) is dialysed and adsorbed to an anion exchange chromatography medium which is then washed to remove impurities.
- the recombinant gamma interferon is eluted from the anion exchange medium with a gradient of increasing salt concentration.
- Typical anion exchange chromatography media are carboxymethyl cellulose and sulphoethyl cellulose. All operations in this step are performed in the pH range of between 7 and 9.
- the eluent from part (e) is applied to a gel permeation medium and the column is developed with a salt containing medium.
- the appropriate recombinant gamma interferon containing fractions are pooled to produce the bulk drug substance. All operations in this step are performed in the pH range of between 7 and 9.
- Recombinant gamma interferon made in accordance with the foregoing is preferably formulated for parenteral administration according to the following Table.
- QUANTITY PER VIAL Ingredient 0.5 mg vial 2.0 mg vial Recombinant Human Interferon - Gamma 0.5 2.0 Mannitol 100 80 Succinic Acid Disodium Hexahydrate 12.4 9.9 Glycine 5.6 4.5 Sodium Chloride 4.4 3.5 Polysorbate 20 0.8 0.6 Succinic Acid 0.5 0.4
- interferons of the invention may be employed in medically appropriate dosage ranges, e.g., 1.0 mg/M 2 of body surface area.
- r-HulFN-gamma recombinant gamma interferon (r-HulFN-gamma) (6.5 mg), prepared as described herein, was desalted over a small Sephadex G-25 molecular sieving column (PD-10, Pharmacia) into 0.10 M Ammonium Bicarbonate buffer, pH 8.5 to a final protein concentration of 2.1 mg/ml.
- a dilute trypsin solution (Worthington TPCK trypsin, 10 ⁇ g/ml in 0.001 M HCl, 16 ⁇ l) was added to 1.9 ml (4.0 mg) of the r-HulFN-gamma solution, mixed and incubated at room temperature (trypsin:protein:1:25,000).
- Protein peaks as determined by absorbance at 214 nm and 280 nm were preparatively collected and stored covered at 4°C until analyzed. Typical analyses for selected peaks included:
- samples are taken to dryness by rotary evaporation, resuspended in 0.5 ml of water and redried. Prior to fractionation by HPLC, samples were redissolved in 50% formic acid to a protein concentration of approximately 1 mg/ml.
- gamma interferons of any length within the range 126aa-143aa (excluding N-terminal methionine) will be expressed from appropriately tailored genes.
- the gene depicted in Figure 1 contains a Fnu4H restriction site at Following restriction with Fnu4H, synthetic oligonucleotides encoding any desired sequence followed by a "stop" codon and a linker compatible with an available restiction site in the expression plasmid may be ligated to the fore part of the gamma interferon gene.
- the sequence wherein X encodes one or more amino acids may be ligated into the E . coli expression vehicle exemplified above following digestion of the plasmid with Fnu4H and BgIII, a stop codon resulting from ligation thusly
- the specific antiviral activity of recombinant human IFN-gamma is approximately three times higher than the activity of the modified rIFN-gamma molecule with three additional amino acids (cys-tyr-cys) at the N-terminus.
- test cells suspended in the culture medium were seeded into plastic tissue culture plates at a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 3 cells/0.5 ml/well.
- Various amounts of interferon dissolved in the corresponding culture medium were added subsequently (day 0). Cultivation was carried out at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5 percent CO 2 and 95 percent air.
- the culture media were removed and the cells in suspension culture were directly suspended in Isoton II (Coulter Electronics Inc.) for cell counting in a Coulter counter.
- the cells forming a sheet in plastic vessels were pre-treated with 0.05 percent trypsin-0.02 percent EDTA to prepared single cell suspension in Isoton II (Coulter Electronics Inc.).
- Antiproliferative activity of interferon was expressed as the antiviral units required to produce 50 percent reduction of cell number (IC 50 , IU/ml) compared to the control culture (without interferon).
- the antiproliferation activity of rIFN-gamma varied markedly depending on the human cell species.
- KATO-III siglet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach, was highly sensitive, the cell line showing the IC 50 of 1.2 IU/ml, while Daudi cells, Burkitt's lymphoma, which were highly sensitive to type II interferon (HulFN-alpha, HulFN-beta), were insensitive to type II interferon including rIFN-gamma.
- Lung adenocarcinoma (PC-8, PC-12) was insensitive to all interferon species tested.
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US56200983A | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | |
US06/584,217 US4855238A (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1984-02-27 | Recombinant gamma interferons having enhanced stability and methods therefor |
US584217 | 1984-02-27 | ||
US562009 | 1984-02-27 |
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US7847079B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2010-12-07 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US8071539B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2011-12-06 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US8252739B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2012-08-28 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US8513189B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2013-08-20 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US8993517B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2015-03-31 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US9221896B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2015-12-29 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
US9296809B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2016-03-29 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
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