EP0033864A1 - Ski mit eine Rauhung aufweisender Polyäthylenlaufsohle - Google Patents

Ski mit eine Rauhung aufweisender Polyäthylenlaufsohle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033864A1
EP0033864A1 EP81100374A EP81100374A EP0033864A1 EP 0033864 A1 EP0033864 A1 EP 0033864A1 EP 81100374 A EP81100374 A EP 81100374A EP 81100374 A EP81100374 A EP 81100374A EP 0033864 A1 EP0033864 A1 EP 0033864A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
grinding
teeth
outsole
roughening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81100374A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033864B1 (de
Inventor
Franz Völkl
Heinz Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Voelkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartike GmbH
Original Assignee
Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH
Franz Volkl OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH, Franz Volkl OHG filed Critical Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH
Priority to AT81100374T priority Critical patent/ATE12588T1/de
Publication of EP0033864A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033864A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033864B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033864B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/056—Materials for the running sole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C7/00—Devices preventing skis from slipping back; Ski-stoppers or ski-brakes
    • A63C7/06—Tooth-shaped running sole-plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ski, in particular a cross-country ski, with a polyethylene outsole which, at least on part of its surface, has a roughening made of fine protrusions which makes it easier to climb and has only little impairment in sliding, the layer thickness of which is approximately of the order of 10 mm, whereby the projections of the roughening, with their parts far from the ski, are inclined towards the rear end of the ski.
  • the order of magnitude means the order of magnitude corresponding to the power of ten, the delimitation of the order of magnitude being exponential with respect to the next or lower one, i.e. the order of magnitude 10 x approximately the range from 10 (x-1/2) to 10 (x + 1/2) ) includes. This area can also be more easily defined in that it ranges from about a third of the characteristic power of ten to about three times the same.
  • skis are known from the German patent application -6 10 552 or US-PS 4 118 050 by the applicant.
  • the roughening consists of grinding grooves running transversely to the running direction. Accordingly, the roughening has a structure which is formed by alternating and merging adjacent, more or less sharp-edged ribs and valleys extending transversely to the length of the ski. In the tip areas of the ribs, these are frayed and inclined towards the end of the ski by post-treatment. This tendency towards the end of the ski is slight in the known skis.
  • the roughened area in the known skis is only below the binding area and extends there over a ski length of about one third to two fifths, a significant improvement is achieved in the known ski compared to other previously known skis with repelling aid by means of scale profiling than by the cross-section not only improves the gliding properties, it also improves safety against slipping back when climbing, at least on icy slopes.
  • the increased frictional resistance in the middle of the ski is not very annoying with the known skis because when gliding, the weight of the skier is not fully on the individual ski, while when pushing off and climbing in the crucial phase it is fully on the ski and thereby pushes it downwards into the snow with its central, upwardly curved part, so that the cross profiling comes into greater engagement with the snow.
  • a ski is known from OE-PS 317 734, which has an outsole made of plastic, such as polyester, epoxy-polyurethane or phenolic resin, in which a plush-like textile fabric is embedded in such a way that its upright fibers at least up to the sliding surface of the outsole
  • the upright fabric fibers can have a slight curvature towards the rear end of the ski in their end areas.
  • the protrusion of the fiber tips from the sliding surface should be achieved by grinding the outsole sliding surface.
  • the textile fibers can protrude up to one millimeter from the outsole surface.
  • the invention improves both the sliding properties and the ability to climb, speed (ie the resistance of the ski to sliding back when climbing or pushing off) of the ski outlined at the beginning.
  • skis according to the invention can be provided with the desired climbing and repelling aid with little technical effort and in a perfectly repeatable manner.
  • the stated object is achieved in that the roughening extends over substantially the entire load-bearing length of the ski, that the projections of the roughening are shaped as elongated teeth which are inclined in their entirety from the polyethylene of the outsole and that the teeth are in a density of about 1000 to 4000 teeth per square centimeter.
  • the projections of the roughening in the invention therefore no longer consist of transverse ribs with ridges bent backwards, but instead of teeth which are bent to the end of the ski in their entirety to inclined, randomly arranged teeth.
  • the protrusions of the roughening in the invention are made of the same excellent sliding material as the outsole.
  • they do not have the shape of short thread or fiber ends, but the shape of teeth. They can also be inclined much more towards the level of the outsole towards the end of the ski . than is possible with the pile threads of a fabric.
  • Teeth in the sense of the invention are projections of small thickness, which extend from their approach to the outsole to them taper the free end, the free end being designed as a tip or as a cutting edge, the latter in turn being formed from a plurality of teeth or as a continuous cutting edge. If the teeth run out in a cutting edge, the cutting edge or the central course of the cutting edge, at least for the majority of the teeth, should run essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and parallel to the surface of the outsole. It goes without saying that the cutting edge should point towards the end of the ski, at least for almost all teeth. The cutting edges of the teeth will often also run out in a lobe-shaped and frayed manner, whereby the lobe-shaped parts can also be wavy.
  • the size of the teeth is very small in the invention. Even though the layer thickness of the rough layer formed by the teeth can be in the entire range of the order of magnitude of 10 mm, it is preferred that this layer thickness lies between 0.06 mm and 0.1 mm ... The best experience so far has been with a layer thickness of made about 0.08 mm.
  • the teeth should be arranged close enough to prevent the ski from sliding on the areas between the individual teeth, where each tooth would then have to plow through the snow.
  • the teeth are preferably arranged so closely that they overlap one another like the hair of a smooth fur or the scales of a fish and cover the outsole. Since they are made of the same material as the outsole, namely polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as PE for short), they have the good sliding properties of this material and thus hardly interfere with the forward sliding of it more than a smooth PE outsole surface.
  • PE polyethylene
  • the material specification PE should also include equivalent plastics with the same sliding properties. However, these should also be thermoplastic because of the ease of processing.
  • polyethylene as is commonly used as a ski outsole, is the right material for the outsole in the invention.
  • the shape of the teeth can vary. It is preferred that the teeth have a shark or wolf tooth-like profile in the longitudinal section of the ski. This information only refers to the basic shape of the teeth. Of course, surface inaccuracies or a fork in a tooth and similar variations are permissible.
  • the tooth shape to be sought in the invention is perhaps the simplest to describe as that of flat incisors and slender fangs.
  • the teeth can be frayed or serrated at their tips or free edges. This training often arises in the preferred method for producing the ski to be explained later and does not interfere. Some of the fringes will have run away relatively quickly shortly after using the ski.
  • the tread After wear of the tread due to intensive use and overflow of parts of the earth embedded in the snow, the tread can be provided with the desired serration again.
  • the length of the protrusions should be so large that the teeth can spread into the snow when trying to slide backwards with the ski. It must also not be too large, since if the teeth are formed too long, they can bend in an undesirable manner.
  • the length of the teeth is advantageously considerably greater than their greatest thickness in the longitudinal direction of the ski.
  • the length of a tooth is equal to the length of the tooth center line in the longitudinal section of the ski between the plane from which the field of teeth rises and the tip of the tooth, fraying that may start at the tip not being included.
  • the average cross-section of the teeth is best in a range from about 0.003 to 0.01 mm 2 . With mitt lerem cross section of a tooth is the cross section on the longitudinal center perpendicular to its center line.
  • the average length of the teeth is preferably approximately in the range of 0.08 to 0.3 mm, although the length of the individual tooth can deviate from this value not inconsiderably.
  • the average inclination of the teeth to the level of the ski tread is advantageously approximately 20 to 50 °, better approximately 35 °, the lower part of the range specified being preferred.
  • the inclination of the tooth tips can be even stronger. The greater the inclination, the lower the sliding resistance. The inclination of the tooth tips can go down almost to 0 °.
  • the teeth are distributed in a density of about 10 to 40, better 12 to 25 teeth per mm 2 outsole. Normally, the individual teeth are no longer perceptible as such to the naked eye. In many embodiments of the invention, however, they can be felt by brushing over the tread by hand in the direction of travel and the opposite direction as increased resistance when brushing against the direction of travel.
  • the outsole if at least the teeth of the outsole are made of high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • the sauer Laufschle is preferably made of this material.
  • the polyethylene is preferably a sintered and / or pressed.
  • the molecular weight of the polyethylene is advantageously in the range from 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 4 ⁇ 10 6 , preferably between 2 ⁇ 10 6 and 3 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • a suitable PF is supplied, for example, by implementation AG under the name Hostalen GUR (registered trademark).
  • the layer thickness of the roughening is advantageously about 0.03 to 0.08 mm, better 0.04 to 0.07 mm. Skis with a layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.06 mm have proven themselves extremely well in tests.
  • the carrying length of the ski means here practically the entire length with the exception of the shovel, which can also be covered with the tooth roughening according to the invention. It is best if the entire length of the ski is roughened. However, smaller interruptions in the roughening can also be provided. The roughened area can also be shortened at the ends of the load-bearing ski length. In the lateral direction, the tooth roughening preferably also extends over the entire width of the ski, but the guide groove in the middle of the ski expediently remains smooth.
  • the entire layer of the teeth forms a closed surface that offers only a slight form resistance to the forward sliding.
  • the low value of this low frictional resistance is also achieved by the irregular and jagged tips of the teeth, because these are easy to level because of their high flexibility the surface of the base without preventing the teeth from slowing down in the snow when sliding backwards.
  • the ski according to the invention manages in particular without waxing at high temperatures.
  • waxing can advantageously be done with liquid wax based on paraffin. This prevents icing and snow cleats and at the same time improves the sliding properties without impairing the climbing properties.
  • growth is generally not necessary, especially at temperatures around or above 273 K (0 ° C).
  • the invention also includes a method of making the ski according to the invention.
  • This process for producing a ski with a polyethylene outsole which has, at least on part of its surface, a roughening which makes it easier to climb and has only little impairment of sliding, with fine teeth inclined with their free ends towards the end of the ski, the layer thickness of which is of the order of magnitude of about 0. 1 mm is based on the roughening of the tread by dry grinding with a coarse grinding wheel in such a way that a grinding pattern which is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski is produced.
  • the preferably sintered outsole made of high molecular PE is ground with a sufficiently high grinding performance to reach the crystallite melting area on the surface being ground.
  • the grinding performance here means the work converted into heat per unit time and area unit of the ground outsole surface in the form of cutting work, so that the crystallite melting range is no longer achieved, at least with high-molecular polyethylene, as is the case with, for example the procedure according to US Pat. No. 4,118,050 is the case. Rather, it will be a variety of fine protruding protrusions, which are basically incisor-shaped to tear-tooth-shaped, are produced on the surface. The achievement of the correct temperature range can usually be recognized by the fact that individual teeth are pulled out into long threads.
  • the grinding power consumed per unit area of the ski sole is primarily dependent on the contact pressure with which the ski is pressed against the grindstone or the stone against the ski, the cutting speed of the stone and the feed speed at which the ski moves past the stone becomes. If the process is carried out correctly, separate cooling is naturally not necessary, since the desired special surface structure is only created by the not inconsiderable heat generation that occurs in the process according to the invention.
  • the surface which is curved in a circular arc and is in engagement with the grinding wheel, is the theoretically calculated surface, since in the In practice, an exact pressure determination is not possible because of the roughness of the grinding wheel and the inaccuracy of other essential factors. Grinding is preferably carried out in two stages. A first sanding with a pressure of 5.5 to 7 bar is followed by a second sanding with a pressure of 0.7 to 0.8 bar.
  • Grinding is advantageously carried out in the longitudinal direction of the ski. In some cases, however, it can also be advantageous if the grinding is carried out in a direction that is at an acute angle to the direction of the ski length.
  • the acute angle should be quite acute, meaning that it should be considerably less than 45 o . Since the grinding should always be symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski in order to avoid a tendency to shift laterally, the grinding pattern will always have to have a V-profile when grinding at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski. This can be achieved by rotating both ski halves each with a separate axis that runs at an appropriate angle to the direction of the ski length and the direction of the ski advance.
  • the grinding is expediently carried out, as is also obvious with regard to the desired tooth structure, from the ski tip to the end of the ski. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the desired structure occurs with such a grinding only when the cutting speed is about 800 m / min. or less. The cutting speed is about 850 m / min. or more, the grinding must take place from the end of the ski to the tip of the ski. This surprisingly necessary reversal of the feed direction occurs in any case in the above-mentioned work areas with regard to pressure, peripheral speed and feed.
  • the grinding is expediently carried out using a ceramic-bonded disk of medium to large porosity, that is to say with an open structure, since the risk of the disk being smeared is the least.
  • a ceramic-bonded disk of medium to large porosity that is to say with an open structure, since the risk of the disk being smeared is the least.
  • This rounding is of particular importance if during dry grinding with a cutting speed in the range of about 800 to 900 m / min. is worked because in this area the desired orientation of the tooth inclination to the rear is not always sufficiently achieved.
  • the high molecular weight polyethylene has a molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 4 ⁇ 10 6 , more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 6 to 3 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • the outsole design according to the invention is also suitable for alpine skiing. Especially for learners or older skiers, the often not noticeable reduction in speed when skiing downhill is not disturbing, while the considerable ease of climbing is perceived as a great advantage.
  • the superiority of a ski designed according to the invention with regard to sliding and repelling properties is particularly evident in snow in the region of 273 K and above, while at lower temperatures of about 265 K or less, icing occurs on the running loop. However, even at such temperatures, these can be easily removed by applying liquid paraffin wax to the outsole. In wet snow, the ski is even superior to waxed skis according to the invention.
  • the cross-country ski 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an outsole 2 made of high-molecular polyethylene with a molecular weight of approximately 2 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • the surface of the outsole 2, with which the latter glides over the snow, is provided by grinding with a plurality of teeth 3 inclined at its free end, which, as can be seen in FIG. 3, overlap and are arranged irregularly.
  • the teeth can be pointed in the manner of wolf teeth or fangs, e.g. tooth 3a. However, they can also be provided with a mostly serrated edge, e.g. tooth 3b. Intermediate forms can also occur, such as for tooth 3c.
  • the teeth can occasionally wear light fringes 4 at their tips or cutting edges, which arise during grinding and are indicated in FIG. In Fig. 3 the fringes are not drawn in order to better show the tooth shape.
  • the ski is first made in the usual way and the outsole is made of high molecular weight polyethylene - usually a low pressure polyethylene. After the finishing of the ski surface and the ski flanks, the ski is first ground twice in succession using a grinding wheel of grain 30 made of formal or semi-precious corundum.
  • the grinding wheel has a medium to large porosity and is ceramic-bonded. It is trimmed with a sharp (not yet worn) diamond with only one tip, which was moved at a speed of about 320 to 330 mm per minute past the surface of the rotating grinding wheel to be dressed.
  • the grinding wheel is wider than the largest width of the ski .
  • the ski is of common width.
  • the grinding wheel runs at a speed in the range of 500 to 800 revolutions per minute and has a diameter of 350 mm.
  • the ski is pushed past the grinding wheel with the tip first, the surface of its outsole being pressed against the circumference with a force of about 200 N during the first sanding surface of the outsole is pressed and during the second sanding with a force of about 50 N.
  • the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel is such that the surface areas of the grinding wheel engaged with the outsole are relative to the ski at a correspondingly high speed towards the end of the ski move there. If grinding takes place from the end of the ski to the tip of the ski, the speed is advantageously 850 rpm or more with the same wheel diameter. If you change the disc diameter, the speed must be adjusted accordingly. Grinding is completely dry in both grinding processes.
  • the outsole surface is roughened to a depth of about 0.08 mm and the toothing shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, including the fringes indicated in FIG. 2 and projecting from the tooth cutting edges or tips and partly also from the tooth flanks, is produced 4.
  • the surface toothing does not yet have the strict structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 '. Rather, it is even more irregular than this.
  • a third grinding operation is now carried out by hand with slight pressure and with sanding paper with a grain size of the order of 200. This can possibly be done by applying liquid wax connect on paraffin base.
  • the surface structure of the outsole according to the invention is preferably applied to the entire outsole with the exception of the guide groove (if there is one), there is also the possibility, for example, somewhat more in front of the tip area and a short one at the rear To leave piece of the ski length smooth.
  • the skier also has the option of waxing the tooth structure by ironing in paraffin at desired locations and thus adapting the sliding and climbing properties of the ski to the specific circumstances.
EP81100374A 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 Ski mit eine Rauhung aufweisender Polyäthylenlaufsohle Expired EP0033864B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100374T ATE12588T1 (de) 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 Ski mit eine rauhung aufweisender polyaethylenlaufsohle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3005171 1980-02-12
DE3005171A DE3005171C2 (de) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Skilaufflächenausbildung mit einer eine Rauhung aufweisenden Niederdruck-Polyäthylenlaufsohle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033864A1 true EP0033864A1 (de) 1981-08-19
EP0033864B1 EP0033864B1 (de) 1985-04-10

Family

ID=6094401

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100374A Expired EP0033864B1 (de) 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 Ski mit eine Rauhung aufweisender Polyäthylenlaufsohle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4431209A (no)
EP (1) EP0033864B1 (no)
JP (1) JPS56156177A (no)
AT (1) ATE12588T1 (no)
CA (1) CA1164904A (no)
DE (2) DE3005171C2 (no)
NO (1) NO149988C (no)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0083948A1 (en) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-20 MIKRAT s.r.l. Molded slab of a compound of acetal and fluorocarbon resin and method of making ski soles and other articles therewith
US4431209A (en) * 1980-02-12 1984-02-14 Franz Volkl Ohg Ski
FR2587904A1 (fr) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-03 Rossignol Sa Semelle antirecul polyvalente pour ski de fond
AT385669B (de) * 1982-12-23 1988-05-10 Trak Inc Kunststoff-laufflaechenbelag fuer skier

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0086939A3 (en) * 1982-02-19 1984-04-11 Karhu-Titan Oy Coating material and coating for a ski for varying snow conditions, and method of making the same
FR2806316B1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2002-10-25 Rossignol Sa Planche de glisse presentant une semelle structuree et procede d'usinage d'une telle semelle
US9290898B2 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-03-22 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Plow blade damping device and method
AT514124A1 (de) * 2013-03-22 2014-10-15 Fischer Sports Gmbh Aufstiegshilfe für einen Ski sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung
US10400404B2 (en) 2016-01-27 2019-09-03 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Wear-resistant coating
EP3852888A1 (en) 2018-09-18 2021-07-28 Stephen S. Daniell Thrust-responsive surface material for skis
USD921702S1 (en) 2019-10-10 2021-06-08 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution, LLC Curb guard
USD926230S1 (en) 2019-10-10 2021-07-27 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Curb guard

Citations (1)

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DE7418293U (no) * Eder, Josef

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AT350945B (de) * 1974-01-31 1979-06-25 Kaestle Schweiz Ag Einsatzstreifen fuer skilaufflaechen
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FR2301274A1 (fr) * 1975-02-21 1976-09-17 Bouchayer Gilles Ski de fond
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DE3005171C2 (de) * 1980-02-12 1986-07-24 Franz Völkl oHG, 8440 Straubing Skilaufflächenausbildung mit einer eine Rauhung aufweisenden Niederdruck-Polyäthylenlaufsohle

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7418293U (no) * Eder, Josef

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431209A (en) * 1980-02-12 1984-02-14 Franz Volkl Ohg Ski
EP0083948A1 (en) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-20 MIKRAT s.r.l. Molded slab of a compound of acetal and fluorocarbon resin and method of making ski soles and other articles therewith
AT385669B (de) * 1982-12-23 1988-05-10 Trak Inc Kunststoff-laufflaechenbelag fuer skier
FR2587904A1 (fr) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-03 Rossignol Sa Semelle antirecul polyvalente pour ski de fond
EP0227557A1 (fr) * 1985-09-30 1987-07-01 Skis Rossignol S.A. Semelle antirecul polyvalente pour ski de fond

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3005171C2 (de) 1986-07-24
NO149988B (no) 1984-04-24
DE3169773D1 (en) 1985-05-15
ATE12588T1 (de) 1985-04-15
JPS56156177A (en) 1981-12-02
CA1164904A (en) 1984-04-03
DE3005171A1 (de) 1981-08-20
NO149988C (no) 1984-08-01
EP0033864B1 (de) 1985-04-10
US4431209A (en) 1984-02-14
NO810467L (no) 1981-08-13

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