EP0033475B2 - Bockleiter - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0033475B2
EP0033475B2 EP81100404A EP81100404A EP0033475B2 EP 0033475 B2 EP0033475 B2 EP 0033475B2 EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 0033475 B2 EP0033475 B2 EP 0033475B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stringers
steps
legs
ladder
links
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100404A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033475A1 (de
EP0033475B1 (de
Inventor
Walter Kümmerlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Helga Kuemmerlin Te Bietigheim Bondsrepubliek Dui
Original Assignee
Kuemmerlin Helga
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35311348&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0033475(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19808002726 external-priority patent/DE8002726U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803003854 external-priority patent/DE3003854A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19808013669 external-priority patent/DE8013669U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803035955 external-priority patent/DE3035955C2/de
Application filed by Kuemmerlin Helga filed Critical Kuemmerlin Helga
Priority to AT81100404T priority Critical patent/ATE5493T1/de
Publication of EP0033475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B1/de
Publication of EP0033475B2 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B2/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/39—Ladders having platforms; Ladders changeable into platforms
    • E06C1/393—Ladders having platforms foldable with the ladder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/14—Ladders capable of standing by themselves
    • E06C1/16—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground
    • E06C1/20—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as poles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/387—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders having tip-up steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block ladder, of the two legs of which are connected to one another in the region of their upper end so as to be pivotable about an axis Footprint of the ladder is formed in horizontal planes, plate-shaped steps, which are connected to the bars and pivotable in parallel to each other and parallel to the swiveling plane and are connected to the pivoting of the steps in a sense limiting handlebars, the steps a torque when walking on the step an approach of the handlebars to the uprights resulting from the opposite side of the uprights of the uprights and the handlebars with maximum spreading of the uprights along the entire length of their section adjacent to the uprights.
  • the handlebars which in the spread state of the legs rest with their lower ends on the bars carrying the steps, are parallel to the bars when the legs are folded and are at a distance from them which is greater than the maximum distance of the bars from the bars with spread legs, the handlebars with the ladder folded to a considerable extent over the bars of the step-free leg. Furthermore, the handlebars only contribute to the stiffening of the spars via the connections formed by the treads, which is why the latter must have relatively large dimensions.
  • Another known step ladder (FR-A 806116) has the same disadvantages with regard to accessibility, because here too the height difference between two successive steps in relation to the tread width is relatively large and, due to the overlap of the treads and their relatively shallow depth, the tread width is very small . Since, with spread legs, the treads project with their entire depth into the space between the two legs and the rear end of the treads, to which the two handlebars are articulated, is raised when the ladder is folded up, so that the top step is folded protrudes significantly above the upper end of the spars, the space requirement of these known fixed ladder in the folded state is relatively large, although the steps are in one plane and do not protrude laterally over the spars.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a step ladder that can be walked up and down just as safely and comfortably and without having to look for a stop, can be walked on as a conventional, fixed staircase, but still provides reliable protection against the maximum spreading angle being exceeded as well as a simple, low-weight construction without having a larger space requirement when folded.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the tread width of the treads and the height difference between two successive treads in the area customary for stationary stairs and the quotient of the height difference and tread width between approximately 0.44 and 0.77 lie that in the folded state of the legs, the treads are each pivoted into a position that does not result in a lateral protrusion above the bars and the handlebars, and their treads lie in one plane, and that at least on one of the two bars carrying the treads, a double-armed swivel lever by one Pivot axis of the leg parallel axis is pivotally mounted, one arm is articulated on the handlebar associated with the spar and the other arm is connected to the spar of the other leg located on the same conductor side.
  • the choice of the tread width of the steps and the difference in height between two successive steps in accordance with the values customary for fixed stairs ensures that the step ladder can be walked on as comfortably and safely as a fixed staircase, i.e. when walking downwards with the back to which the steps are supporting leg.
  • the handlebars By placing the bars and handlebars against each other with maximum spreading of the legs, the handlebars increase the bending stiffness of the bars in a maximum manner, which increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the ladder.
  • the bars can therefore be made weaker and therefore lighter in weight and more space-saving than if there were no or only incomplete mutual support.
  • the steps do not protrude over the bars when the ladder is folded have to their longitudinal direction, rather lie between the spars in one plane. Therefore, the bars and handlebars carrying the steps can be swiveled in between the bars of the other leg without protrusion.
  • the top step In the transport or storage position of the fixed ladder, i.e. when the legs are folded, the top step therefore protrudes above the upper end of the bars. This supernatant can also be avoided.
  • only the protrusion of the uppermost step over the side of the leg bearing the step that faces the user needs to be chosen to be correspondingly small.
  • the rear edge of the steps is pivoted downwards when the two legs are folded against the foot end of the spars that carry them.
  • the swivel lever enables the maximum spread angle of the conductor limbs to be positively fixed even without a locking device and to secure the two conductor limbs against inadvertent folding of the conductors.
  • the handlebars only extend down to the lowest step, i.e. end at a distance from the lower end of the bars. This ensures that the handlebars do not protrude over the foot end of the spars when the legs are folded, even with steps with a large step width.
  • the bars and handlebars do not impair the usability of the uppermost step as a step surface and as a storage area, it is usually advisable for the bars and the handlebars to extend at most to the level defined by the step surface of the top step with maximum spread of the legs .
  • the bars of one of the two legs have an extension beyond the uppermost step, for example to form a handle for the user or to carry a storage plate or the like.
  • the pivot lever can either engage in a slot guide of the other leg by means of a driver or can be articulated at a fixed location on the other leg. In the latter case, however, an articulated subdivision of one arm of the pivot lever or the use of an intermediate lever is required.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a first exemplary embodiment in the use position
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the first exemplary embodiment in the transport position
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the pivoting lever of the first exemplary embodiment and sections of the parts connected to it
  • FIG. 4 a side view of a second embodiment in the use position
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a third embodiment in the use position.
  • the two legs 301 and 302 of the embodiment of a fixed ladder shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 each have two bars 303 and 304 and are pivotally connected to one another in the region of the upper end of the bars.
  • the bars 304 are connected to one another at a distance from their lower end which forms the standing surface by a plate-shaped cross member 305, so that the leg 302 has sufficient stability.
  • treads 306 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the legs and, as shown in FIG. 1, extend from one bar to the other of the legs 301.
  • the treads 306, which are all of the same design, are made of sheet metal, for reasons of weight, of an aluminum sheet.
  • the sheet is folded down on all four sides of the rectangular tread, which not only ensures high rigidity and stability of the treads even when using a relatively thin sheet, but also has a bearing cheek on each side.
  • the uppermost step is mounted approximately in the middle between its front and rear edges on the axis 318 connecting the two legs.
  • this axis is formed by a continuous rod.
  • two bearing journals aligned with one another could also be provided.
  • the two remaining steps 306, like the uppermost step, are pivotally mounted in the leg 301.
  • Their bearing points differ from the bearing point of the uppermost step toward the rear step edge Mass offset, so that the slope of the stairs formed by the steps 306 is less than the slope of the leg 301 with maximum spread of both legs. This maximum spread angle as well as the height difference between two successive steps and the step depth are selected so that in the use position there is a position of the steps as is usual with stairs.
  • step 306 protrudes forward over the spars 303 from top to bottom also means that the lower end of these spars does not protrude, or does not protrude significantly, from the lowest step. Furthermore, the smaller overhang of the uppermost step compared to the other steps reduces the length of the ladder in the folded state.
  • the bearing points 316 are selected in the area of the bearing cheeks such that each link 311 rests against the front of the spar 303 with which the legs 301, 302 are maximally spread, while holding the tread of the steps 306 in a horizontal position when the ladder is on a horizontal surface.
  • the bars 303 and the handlebars 311 can therefore be relatively thin-walled aluminum profiles. This also applies to the bars 304, the width of which is selected such that, as shown in FIG. 2, when the ladder is folded, the bars 303 and the handlebars 311, which also rest against them in this position, and the steps 306 do not protrude forwards or backwards.
  • the links 311 only need to extend from the top to the bottom step 306. However, for aesthetic reasons, they can also be led to the lower end of the spars 303, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines. However, it must be ensured that the bars 303 and not the handlebars 311 form the base.
  • a pivot lever 315 is provided on each side of the ladder.
  • these two pivot levers 315 serve to positively limit the spreadability of the two legs 301 and 302 to the maximum spread angle.
  • the swivel levers 315 are double-armed levers, the two arms 315 'and 315 "of different lengths enclosing an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom in the use position of the ladder.
  • the leg 301 lies between one and the other another shorter arm 315 ', and the two longer arms 315 "engage between the bars 304 of the leg 302.
  • the two pivot levers 315 are mounted on the pivot axis connecting the middle step 306 with the spars 303, and for the articulation of the
  • the free end of its shorter arm 315 'on the handlebar is provided with the pin 317 connecting it to the step.
  • this pin 317 is firmly connected to the handlebar 315 at one end. When installed, it passes through holes in the handlebars and the bearing cheek of the middle step, which are aligned with one another.
  • the frictional torque is between the two pivot levers 315 and the bars 303 adjustable.
  • the pivot axis of the middle step 306 is designed as a continuous rod 319, which is firmly connected at both ends to the bars 303 and each has a central blind hole with an internal thread.
  • a screw 321 forming the bearing pin for the swivel lever 315 is screwed into this internal thread, on which, as shown in FIG.
  • a spring ring 323 resting on the screw head and two washers 325 are arranged, which rest on one or the other side of the swivel lever 315 .
  • a roller 327 is cantilevered, which protrudes outward from the pivot lever and engages in an inwardly open guide groove 304 'of the hollow profile rod from which the bars 304 of the leg 302 are made Unfolding and collapsing the conductors, the rollers 327 move in the guide grooves 304 'which extend in the longitudinal direction of the bars 304.
  • it is not necessary to limit the displaceability of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the groove for the purpose of limiting the spreading angle of the legs because the two pivot levers no can perform further pivoting movement relative to the spars 303 when the handlebars 311 abut them.
  • the spread angle of the legs cannot therefore be increased beyond the size shown in FIG. 1, because this would require a further pivoting movement of the pivot lever 315 counterclockwise around the axis defined by the screw 321.
  • the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds, as a comparison with FIG. 1 shows, in essential features to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • Corresponding parts are therefore identified by reference numerals 100 larger, and the following explanation is limited to the different features. With regard to the other features, reference is made to the explanations relating to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the identically designed steps 406 are all connected to the bars 404 of the leg 401 and the handlebars 411 in such a way that they have the same projection over the handlebars 411 in the use position of the ladder. However, they could also have the staggered arrangement shown in FIG. 1, as on the other hand the treads 306 of the first exemplary embodiment could all have the same overhang over the handlebars 311.
  • a rod-shaped or tubular axis extending from one spar to the other is provided, of which the one carrying the uppermost step also forms the articulated axis 418 of the fixed ladder, to connect the steps 406 with the two links 411 and the latter with one of the two pivot levers 415 with the help of a rivet.
  • each of the two pivot levers 415 which, as in the second exemplary embodiment, are designed as a double-armed lever, the two arms 415 'and 415 "of which form an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom and are articulated at the end of the end pointing towards the leg 402 to the one end of an intermediate lever 426, the other end of which is articulated on the inside of the adjacent spar 404.
  • the articulation point is selected such that the arm 415 "and the intermediate lever 426 form an obtuse angle which is open at the top when the two legs 401 and 402 are spread to the maximum angle. Then, when the ladder collapses, the pivot levers 415 are pivoted clockwise in a viewing direction according to FIG. 4, as is also the case with the pivot levers 315 of the first exemplary embodiment. Steps 406, which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, have a decreasing height toward their front edge, then likewise pivot into the position shown in FIG. 2 for the first exemplary embodiment, and are therefore not above rear spars 404 and the handlebars 411 over.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the fixed ladder according to the invention.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiments already described in that the bars 504 forming the rear leg 502 are extended beyond the connection point with the bars 503 of the front leg 501. These extensions form a handle that the user can hold onto the ladder. The upper end of the extensions is therefore connected by a cross bar. Of course, a tray could also be attached to the extensions.
  • the design of the treads, their connection with the bars 503 and the handlebars 511 and the inclination of the front leg 501 with maximum spread and the height difference between two successive treads as well as the depth or tread width of the treads is chosen as in the two previously described exemplary embodiments, which is why the explanations regarding these exemplary embodiments are referred to.
  • the connection of the two legs 501 and 502 by means of a pivot lever 515 on each conductor side is basically the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.
  • the two pivot levers 515 of the same design are double-armed levers which are pivotally mounted on one of the axles 521 and which pivotally connect the steps 506 to the bars 503.
  • One arm of the pivot lever 515 extends from this bearing point to the articulation point which connects the associated step to the handlebar 511 in an articulated manner.
  • the other arm is divided into two sections which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and articulated with its distal end on the bar 504 of the rear leg 502.
  • this arm rigidly and to provide a pin at its distal end which engages in a guide groove of the spar 504.

Landscapes

  • Ladders (AREA)
EP81100404A 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Bockleiter Expired EP0033475B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100404T ATE5493T1 (de) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Bockleiter.

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19808002726 DE8002726U1 (de) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Bockleiter
DE19803003854 DE3003854A1 (de) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Bockleiter
DE3003854 1980-02-02
DE19808013669 DE8013669U1 (de) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Bockleiter
DE3019345 1980-05-21
DE19803019345 DE3019345A1 (de) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Bockleiter
DE19803035955 DE3035955C2 (de) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Bockleiter
DE3035955 1980-09-24
DE19808025544 DE8025544U1 (de) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Bockleiter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033475A1 EP0033475A1 (de) 1981-08-12
EP0033475B1 EP0033475B1 (de) 1983-11-30
EP0033475B2 true EP0033475B2 (de) 1989-05-03

Family

ID=35311348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100404A Expired EP0033475B2 (de) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Bockleiter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4421206A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0033475B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS6337237B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1138392A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1981002322A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8025544U1 (de) * 1980-09-24 1982-08-12 Kümmerlin, Walter, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Bockleiter
US4648593A (en) * 1981-02-17 1987-03-10 Wilkinson William T Device for simulation of climbing
US4502564A (en) * 1982-04-06 1985-03-05 Kuemmerlin Walter Stepladder
US4539781A (en) * 1983-10-04 1985-09-10 Mccoy Leon A Device for transporting loads between various elevations
USD292728S (en) 1985-10-04 1987-11-10 Wilkinson William T Exercising device for simulating climbing
US4959935A (en) * 1989-09-25 1990-10-02 Stob H Richard Adjustable stairway
FR2715186B1 (fr) * 1994-01-19 1996-04-05 Tubesca Marchepied.
DK171750B1 (da) * 1994-12-07 1997-05-05 Pf Management Aps Trappe- eller lejdertrin af pladetrinstypen
US5584357A (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-12-17 Gugel; Leslie H. Ladder
US6256946B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2001-07-10 Jack Kennedy Metal Products And Buildings, Inc. Adjustable stairway for use with an overcast in a mine
US6527081B1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2003-03-04 Aluminum Ladder Company, Embankment stairway
TWI268133B (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-12-01 Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd Adjustable base
USD594135S1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-06-09 Play, S.A. Ladder
US20090211845A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Patrick Hoffman Lockable folding stairs
US8701831B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2014-04-22 Wing Enterprises, Inc. Stepladders and related methods
US8485316B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2013-07-16 Lock N Climb, Llc Collapsible safe ladder
US20110017548A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-01-27 Jeffrey Green Collapsible safe ladder
USD665927S1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2012-08-21 Core Distribution, Inc. Metal and wood step ladder
USD722181S1 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-02-03 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
USD721825S1 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-01-27 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder stabilizer
USD722182S1 (en) 2013-12-04 2015-02-03 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
USD745191S1 (en) 2014-05-27 2015-12-08 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
CN104120969B (zh) * 2014-07-09 2016-04-13 苏州万图明电子软件有限公司 一种可折叠爬梯
JP6462268B2 (ja) * 2014-08-11 2019-01-30 アルインコ株式会社 脚立式作業台
US10151144B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2018-12-11 Werner Co. Ladder, wide rung and method
US10538966B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2020-01-21 Werner Co. Ceiling ladder, deep step and method
CN109230136A (zh) * 2018-09-22 2019-01-18 徐州对河建材有限公司 一种便于建材运输的设备

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US104569A (en) * 1870-06-21 Improvement in wagon-steps
DE85722C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US276339A (en) * 1883-04-24 Folding step-ladder
FR454605A (fr) * 1913-02-20 1913-07-09 Georges Chevallier Marchepied pliant se fermant sous une épaisseur extremement réduite
US1153558A (en) * 1914-12-07 1915-09-14 James W Matheny Convertible step-ladder and ironing-board.
GB183686A (en) * 1921-07-05 1922-08-03 Octavius John Williams Improvements in and relating to step-ladders
FR614373A (fr) * 1926-04-12 1926-12-13 Escalier mobile
US1633902A (en) * 1926-09-20 1927-06-28 Daniel O Olson Stepladder
DE565836C (de) * 1930-11-14 1932-12-08 Alfred Teuffel Dipl Ing Zusammenlegbare Stehleiter
GB414748A (en) * 1933-01-13 1934-08-13 Henry Winder Brownsdon Improvements in and relating to copper alloys and articles made therefrom
US2245825A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-06-17 Wilard E Ross Folding stand
GB609987A (en) * 1946-03-27 1948-10-08 Norman Smith Step ladders
DE853054C (de) * 1947-12-03 1952-10-20 Luedin & Cie Treppenleiter
US2596521A (en) * 1949-05-07 1952-05-13 Jerome B Bell Stepladder
JPS4113885Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1964-01-25 1966-06-29
CA885927A (en) * 1969-06-16 1971-11-16 S. Wyatt Brian Uranium-base alloys
JPS504182U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-16 1975-01-17
BE840773R (fr) * 1975-05-26 1976-08-02 Echelle metallique repliable formant plateau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0033475A1 (de) 1981-08-12
JPS57500032A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-01-07
EP0033475B1 (de) 1983-11-30
JPS6337237B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-07-25
US4421206A (en) 1983-12-20
CA1138392A (en) 1982-12-28
WO1981002322A1 (en) 1981-08-20

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